thomas coskeran waste mapping

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homas Coskeran: Waste mapping 4.4.2006

niversity of Oulu, Waste minimizationnd resources use optimization course 1

Waste minimization and resources use optimization, University of Oulu, 3-7 April 2006

Waste mapping andwaste minimisation


Overview

• Nature of waste mapping

• Reasons for waste mapping

• Methodology of waste mapping – Envirowise guide ET219: Waste

Mapping

• Examples

• Exercise






What is waste mapping?• A recognised way to identify where

waste is occurring

• Often the first step towards tacklingwaste problems

• Helps to build up picture of where actualresource use is taking place

• Can identify the savings in wastesarising that can be made


What is waste mapping?

• Not just mapping the production process

– Should go right across all activities in theorganisation

• Used in more than just industrial andcommercial organisations

• Being applied in the public sector in the UK:National Health Service and Higher

Education






Waste mapping in UKHigher Education


Waste Mapping and WasteMinimisation

• Will start the waste minimisation effort of thebusiness – Part of the assessment phase

• Mapping is key to finding opportunities toprevent or cut waste arising

• Will also highlight where re-use, recycling andrecovery can be conducted within theorganisation

• Focus on waste creation points






Steps In Waste Minimisation

ASSESSMENT

PHASE

RANKING OF

OPTIONS

FEASIBILITY

ASSESSMENT

IMPLEMENTATION

AND MANAGEMENT

REVIEW AND

AUDIT

FEEDBACK

COMMITMENT


Why use waste mapping?

• Simple process that easily understoodby non-specialists

• Can be implemented in an organisationwithout high levels of technicalcompetence in waste management

• Easy to apply in the first instance






Why use waste mapping?

• Gives clear overview of where waste isbeing generated

• Can reveal waste disposal beinghandled by different contracts – Scope for cost savings

• Can work out why waste is occurring

• Assists in calculating costs of waste tothe organisation


Direct economic benefits ofmapping waste

• Reduces overheads and increasecompetitiveness and profitability

– All companies produce waste, even theefficient ones

– Companies of all sizes underestimate the

costs of waste

• Improves environmental performance andso enhance image with customers

– increased sales






Direct economic benefits ofmapping waste• Helps organisation to comply with legislation

and avoid potential lawsuits

• Reduces insurance premiums

• Improves workplace environment and workerproductivity

• Reduces UK Landfill Tax liability (currently

£21 per tonne for active waste; £2 per tonnefor inert waste) – But set to rise to £35 per tonne for active waste


Waste mapping in theorganisation

Purchase

Process

Package

Store

Use

Disposal






Waste mapping in theorganisation: potential problems

Purchase

Process

Package

Store

Use

Disposal


Identifiable Waste Sources• Raw materials and other consumables

• Packaging

• Solid: off-cuts and defective products

• Water/other liquids

• Gaseous including VOCs (volatile organiccompounds) and combustion emissions

• Materials covered by Special WasteRegulations

• Solvents

• Energy






How to map waste• Vital to get senior management commitment

• Set up company team to tackle the project

• Appoint project “champion” and publicise

• Draw up map of company site

– Can be simple or complex depending on scale ofproblems faced

– Complexity can increase with each iteration of themap

• Combine with symbols to identify wastepoints


Symbols for Waste Map

• Not an exhaustive list nor is it compulsory

• Can be modified to reflect situation within theorganisation

• Note Labour as source of potential waste

Source: ET219Waste Mapping






Investigating inputs andoutputs• Need to know all inputs, outputs and

associated levels of waste for differentoperations within the organisation – NB again: not just production processes

• Consider areas where raw materialsand finished products are stored

• Also examine storage areas for wastegenerated during production process


Waste Mapping Activities

Inputs

• Materials

• Energy• Water

• Packaging

Outputs

• Packaging

• Specialwastes

• Effluent

• Emissions

• Spills/leaks

• Energy

Processes

• Production

• Storage andmaterialshandling

• Product design

• Transport anddistribution

• Office-basedactivities






Stage 1 - Site Level

PISTON RINGCOMPANY

CHEMICALS

LABOUR

ENERGYOILS

DEGREASER

PISTONRINGS

PISTONRINGS

PLATING SOLUTION

CAST IRONPOT

CAST IRONPOT

REJECT

HEAT SWARFSCRAP

EFFLUENT

DUSTPACKAGING


Stage 2 – Detailed Level

GOODS INWARDS

CUTTING PROCESS

HEAT TREATMENT

GRINDING & TURNING

COATING

INSPECTION & PACKAGING

DISPATCH

PACKAGED RINGSPACKAGED RINGS

LABOUR

COOLANTS

ENERGY

OILS

TOOLING

WASTE OIL

WATER/OIL MIX

COOLANT

SWARF

SCRAP

REJECTS

SOLVENTS

DRY BLASTING

LABOUR

TOOLING

CHEMICALS

WATER

GASES

DUST

REJECT RINGS

ANODES

SCRAP

FILTER CAKE

INPUTS OUTPUTSCAST IRON RINGS

CAST IRON RINGS






Example Waste Map

Source:

Envirowise ET219


Calculating cost of waste

• Once map drawn with types of wasteindicated, can identify costs of wasteson map for each waste point

• Necessary to convert to a common unit

• Aim to measure first the total mass inputto the production process

• Then assess mass output of productand known wastes






Calculating cost of waste• Apply relevant weights to conversion

factors – 40 kg per cubic metre is industry standard

in the UK for waste produced

• Try to account for all losses from eachprocess

• Does not have to be highly accurate• Can refine estimates over time


Sources of information

• Site and process maps

• Company records and reports

• Meter readings and energy bills

• Water readings and water energy bills

• Waste disposal contractor bills

• Permits drawing up inventories ofinputs, processes and outputs






Recording Information

• Raw materials - tonnes/year

• Water use and effluent – m3 /year

• Gas and electricity – kWh/year

• Fuel use – litres/year

• Solid waste – tonnes/year

• Solvent use and emissions – tonnes/year

• Rejects – number/year, percentage


Identifying Processes

Source: Envirowise publication GG280: Reducing water and waste costs in fruit andvegetable processing






Identifying Inputs



Identifying Outputs







Inventories of Inputs andOutputs: examples


Waste minimisation

• Once map defined with costings canfocus on how to minimise waste

• Envirowise has large number ofsuggestions and publications

– industry-based

– case studies

– particular types of waste






Reducing Solid Waste


Envirowise guides






Prioritising Strategy• Draw up plan to tackle obvious sources of

waste

• Address easiest and lowest cost actions first

• Set waste and energy reduction targets fortackling waste

• Costings obtained in waste mapping will beimportant in determining which areas to

address• Identify monitoring requirements


Prioritising Strategy

• As problems are dealt with other wastesources will become apparent

• Review progress against targets and

publicise results• As problems are dealt with other waste

sources will become apparent

• After initial map drawn, produce detailed sitemap to help indicate problem areas moreclearly






Conclusion: a continuousprocess

• As waste is tackled and reduced, the wastemap (like all maps) will change

• Regular review of the map will be needed tokeep it relevant to the organisation

• Changes to the map will record achievementsin cutting waste and prioritise areas for furtheraction

• The map should not become a theoreticalexercise but should help to direct wastestrategy within the organisation


Sources of Assistance

• Envirowise web-site

http://www.envirowise.gov.uk

• Envirowise publications

• Good Practice Guide (GG174) Profiting from Practical Waste Minimisation: Running a workshop to maintain the momentum

• Good Practice Guide (GG38C) Cutting Costs by Reducing Waste: A self-help guide for growing businesses

• Case Study (GC16) Sites Set on Cost Savings





Sources of Assistance• Case Study (GC20) Environmental Review

Helps Raise Profits

• Case Study (GC22) Simple Measures Restrict Water Costs

• Finding Hidden Profit: 200 Tips for Reducing Waste (ET30)

thomas coskeran waste mapping

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