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Introduction In my pr ev i ous ar ti cl e, w e tr i ed to k now i f the supr eme god i s femal e orw hy i t i s necessar y to v ener ate the femi ni ne aspect of god. If y ouhav en’t r ead that ar ti cl e then pl ease go thr ough the bel ow l i nk : Is God Femal e-Yes or N o In thi s ar ti cl e, w e w i l l tr y to anal y ze i f Goddess Dur ga i s the supr emedi v i ne mother of the w hol e mank i nd as i t i s the gener al per cepti onamong the Shak ti sm and Smar ti sm sects of Hi ndui sm. Goddess in the Vedas Fr om the i nv i si bl e, sacchi dananda ev er -per v adi ng Par aBr ahman, ev erbl i ssful mother dur ga i s bor n.Many gr eat schol ar s tr i ed to establ i sh the or i gi n of Mother /Goddessw or shi p star ti ng f r om the v edi c per i od. Out of al l the goddessesmenti oned i n Vedi c v er ses, Adi ti or better k now n as Adi shak ti i s sai dto be the mother of al l Li v i ng bei ngs. W el l k now n Br i t i sh schol ar MaxMul l er sai d Adi ti , an anci ent Indi an god may be i n r eal i ty the ear l i estname used to def i ne i nf i ni ty . One of the r easons for thi s concepti on i sthat the Sansk r i t w or d adi ti means i nf i ni ty . Ear l i est menti on of adi t i i s found i n the Ri g Veda v er se (1 .89.1 0) andv er se 1 .1 4.3. In these v er ses, Sage Gautama pr ay s to many dei t i es forpr otecti on, heal th, l ongev i ty , w eal th, etc and f i nal l y pr ay s Adi ti as themother of al l dei t i es. Ex act v er se i s: Adi ti i s space. Adi ti i s Heav en. Adi ti i s father , chi l dr en and ev er y thi ngw e hav e. Adi ti i s the f i v e el ements of natur e and sour ce 0f ev er y thi ngthat ex i st .

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Adi ti -The supr eme Di v i ne Mother In mantr as of other tex ts, Adi ti i s sai d to be the mother of al l gods andgoddesses. Adi ti i s not onl y the mother of al l gods but al so mother ofRudr as (i .e l or d shi v a & other s). U pani sad v er se 2.1 .7 states: Adi ti , gi v er of l i f e, i s the soul of al l gods (i .e dev atamay i ). Enter i ng thesacr ed chamber of hear t, she r emai ns w i th the new bor n. Thi s v er se cl ear l y states that Adi ti i s both the soul of the gods as w el l asal l l i v i ng bei ngs. She i s the mode to eter nal joy and happi ness.


How Mother Aditi is Goddess Durga? A metaphor i c confusi ng hy mn of r i gv eda deal s w i th the bi r th of thegods. In thi s my sti cal v er se, Adi ti i s cal l ed as Dak sa mother and al so hi sdaughter . Thi s v er se i ni t i al l y baf f l ed me and made me compl etel y confused. Howcan one be the mother and a daughter both? Af ter thi nk i ng a w hi l e, If i nal l y got the meani ng as “Ini t i al l y ev er y thi ng i s bor n f r om Adi ti . So,she i s the mother of al l . Then she enter s i nto hear t chamber of ev er ynew bor n. So, she i s the daughter of al l father s.” Dak sa i s al so k now n as Adi ty a si nce he i s bor n to Adi ti and Adi ti i scal l ed as Dak say ani si nce she i s daughter of Dak sa. I thi nk thi s al so answ er s the most famous tw i sti ng questi on: “w hat camef i r st? Egg or Hen”Vedas fur ther states “Befor e the bi r th of the gods, bei ngs came i ntoex i stence f r om non-bei ng. Fr om the desi r e of cr eati on, ear th and thev ar i ous l ok as (Cel esti al pl anets) came i nto ex i stence. Adi ti gav e bi r thto Dak sa, and Adi ti w as bor n to Dak sa agai n. O Dak sa, Adi ti i s y ourdaughter and al l the dei t i es came l ater . “


Adi Shak i Mata-The mother of al l dei t i es


As I hav e sai d and i l l ustr ated many t i mes befor e, thi s v er se f i ts thetheor y of sci enti f i c bi g bang that say s i ni t i al l y ther e w as nothi ng andthen somethi ng l i k e bi g bang happened w hi ch l ed to the for mati on ofthi s uni v er se. In abov e v er se, Adi ti i s sy mbol i zed as ener gy (shak ti ) aspect of Par aBr ahman. Adi ti i s the mother of al l cr eati on and under the i nf l uence ofMay a (i l l usi on) becomes the cr eator , mai ntai ner and destr oy er of thi suni v er se. Who is Daksa? ‘Dak sa means Pr ajapati i .e the father of al l humans. Ev en i n theBhagav ad v er se (4.6.1 7 -8), Dak sa, i s cal l ed Pr ajapati , the cr eator of al lhumans. In Hi ndui sm, Pr ajapati i s better k now n as Br ahma subor di natei nv ol v ed i n cr eati on of mank i nd though some scr i ptur e suggest hol ytr i ni ty Br ahma, Vi shnu and Mahesh as for ms or mani festati on ofPr ajapati . Pr ajapati i s the f i r st bor n and i s al so k now n cal l ed asHi r any agar bha. In shor t, Dak sa or Pr ajapati i s r esponsi bl e for the gr osscr eati on of thi s uni v er se and constantl y engage i n cr eati v e thi nk i ng.W hi l e Dak sa i s i nv ol v ed i n cr eati on, Rudr a (w hi ch i s k now n as Shi v apost v edi c age) i s associ ated w i th destr ucti on. Thi s pr ocess of cr eati onand destr ucti on happens conti nuousl y l i k e day and ni ght i .e onl y onepr ocess happens at a t i me and they can nev er do thei r acti v i ty ofcr eati on and destr ucti on si mul taneousl y . Daksa daughter sati dies You must be aw ar e of the stor y of sati , w hi ch l ater became the basi s ofsati sy stem i n Indi a. Accor di ng to the stor y , Dak sa i nv i ted al l dei t i es i nhi s sacr i f i ci al cer emony but l ef t out l or d Shi v a and sati i nv i ted.U nabl e to bear the i nsul t of her husband, sati w ent to the sacr i f i ceuni nv i ted. On r eachi ng Dak sha sacr ed cer emony uni nv i ted, Dak shabecame fur i ous and star ted i nsul ti ng Lor d shi v a. U nabl e to bear thehumi l i ati on, Sati deci ded to r enounce her l i fe by bur ni ng her sel f i nthe f i r e


Sati bur ni ng i n f i r e Death of hi s bel ov ed enr aged l or d Shi v a. He deci ded to seek r ev enge,destr oy ed Dak sa sacr i f i ce and r oamed acr oss the ear th car r y i ng dead


body of sati on hi s shoul der s, destr oy i ng ev er y thi ng on hi s path. Seei ngl or d Shi v a ter r i bl e anger , l or d Vi shnu w i th the hel p of other dei t i escut body of sati i nto pi eces and made them fal l on di f fer ent par ts of theear th. Thi s cr eated 51 spi r i tual center s, v i br ant and famous forspi r i tual l y ev en today .


Lor d shi v a car r y i ng dead body of sati w hi l e Br ahma, Vi shnu and othergods comi ng to the r escue Sati is reborn as Uma/Durga/Parvati Menak a , f r i end of sati w as v er y much i nter ested i n hav i ng the di v i nemother as her daughter . So, she per for med sev er e auster i t i es i n theHi mal ay as and the di v i ne mother w as bor n as U ma af ter the satiepi sode. U ma w as al so cal l ed as Hai mav ati (because her father namew as Hi mav an), and Gaur i (because of fai r compl ex i on). Thi s U ma, ak ahai mav ati taught Indr a and other dei t i es the k now l edge of cr eati on andthi s k now l edge w er e then used by these dei t i es to cr eate Dur ga todestr oy ev i l demon Mahi sasur , stor y of w hi ch I hav e sai d i n mypr ev i ous ar ti cl e. Thus U ma i s Dur ga, the goddess of k now l edge andi gnor ance. Adi ti i s Sati , Sati i s uma and uma i s dur ga. So the di v i nemother Adi ti i s Dur ga. Thi s i s v er y si mi l ar to Adi pur usha (Supr eme God) i s Vi shnu, Vi shnu i sKr i shna and so k r i shna i s Adi -Pur usha. In shor t, al l Gods ar emani festati on of same supr eme Soul ‘Adi -Pur usha’ or hi s shak ti(Ener gy ) aspect (Adi -Shak ti , Shor tl y k now n as Adi ti )

How Uma became Durga?Uma destroys sorrow born of ignorance. Sorrow is called Dukha inSanskrit. ‘Removing sorrow’ is translated in Sanskrit as‘dur duhk hena gamy ate’. By combi ni ng the i ni t i al of these tw o w or ds,name dur ga w as der i v ed. How ev er , the better k now n r eason for nameDur ga i s that she i s the destr oy er of fate (dur gati ). Vedas decl ar es r epeatedl y ‘Adi ti ’ as the pr otector of w hol e mank i nd.Sage Vasi stha pr ay s to Adi ti as: ‘O Mother Adi ti , pl ease see that the godsVar una, Mi tr a and Ar y ama, w ho hol d the r etur ns of our sacr i f i ces i nthei r hands, do not become hur dl es to us; so pr otect us f r om si ns.


Mother Adi ti -The pr otector of thr ee w or l ds Another sage decl ar es: ‘O Goddess Adi ti You ar e l ov ed i n al l the w or l ds.If y ou pr otect us, none can har m us. Pl ease come to us al ong w i th thebr i l l i ant gods.’ So Dur ga i s c l ear l y a Vedi c goddess and w hi l e Vedi c sages ador ed Adi tithr ough hy mns, sacr i f i ces and pr ay er s, Lor d Kr i shna i s sai d to be thef i r st to w or shi p her i n the Dur ga for m. Dur ga i s al so k now n by many other names. For ex ampl e, tw o demonsnamed ‘Sumbha’ and ‘N i sumbha’ began tr oubl i ng gods, they w ent toHi mal ay as and pr ay ed to ‘Gaur i ’ or ‘Par v ati ’. She sav ed the dei t i es byk i l l i ng al l the demons and got sev er al names l i k e Camunda (for sl ay i ngdemons Canda and Munda) etc.

Is Aditi mother of Holy trinity Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesh? If y ou ar e the fol l ow er of Vedas or Bel ong to Smar ti sm or shak ti smsects, then the answ er w oul d be y es but i f y ou ar e a Vai shnai te or


shai v i te, then the answ er w oul d be ‘N o’. Instead of di r ectl y der i v i ngthe concl usi on, i w oul d better go w i th w hat the scr i ptur es say s: By combi ni ng abstr act Supr eme soul (Adi pur usha) and Abstr actsupr eme ener gy (Adi shak ti or Adi ti ), thr ee shapes Br ahma, Vi shnu andShi v a ar e bor n and f r om the supr eme ener gy , thr ee shapes cr eated ar eMaha Sar asw ati , Maha Lax mi and Mahak al i . Maha Sar asw ati i sw el l k now n as Br ahmani , Mahal ax mi as Vai shnav i and Mahak al i asMahesw ar i .


Hol y femal e tr i ni ty Maha Sar asw ati , Maha Lax mi and Mahak al i Thi s Adi -Pur usha or i shw ar i s the supr eme god and i s descr i bed i ny ajur v eda as Rudr astadhay ay aee - Sahasr apat. Al l other scr i ptur estal k about the mani festati ons of thi s Adi -pur usha, w i th some cl ai mi nga par ti cul ar aspect of thi s Adi -pur usha as supr eme god. For ex ampl e,fol l ow er of v ai shni sm tr eats Lor d Vi shnu as supr eme god w hi l efol l ow er of shai v i sm tr eats shi v a as supr eme god. Accor di ng to Vedas, Adi pur usha i s pur e, di v i ne and hi s del usi on i sener gy (Shak ti ). Fr om thi s di v i ne pow er , comes the k now l edge of thethr ee w or l ds w hi ch i s accepted w i del y as the cause of cr eati on,ex i stence and destr ucti on bestow ed to thr ee shapes cal l ed Br ahma,Vi shnu and Shi v a. Ev en the Engl i sh w or d God can be decoded to


r epr esent the same. 'G' means gener ator (Br ahma), ‘O’ means or gani zer(Vi shnu) and D means Destr oy er (Shi v a). Shi v a's pow er i s sati or Shak ti , the cr eati v e mother aspect of Adi ti w hocr eates and at the t i me of di ssol uti ons sw al l ow s al l her cr eati on. Lor d k r i shna sai d i n the bhagav ad gi ta: "Thi s cur r ent for m i s my l ow ernatur e. Bey ond thi s i s my hi gher natur e, the l i fe-pr i nci pl e w hi chsustai ns the uni v er se". Upanis had say s: "God supr eme pow er i s mani fested i n v ar i ous w ay sl i k e k now l edge, str ength and acti v i ty ". Besi de the abov e v er se, Vedas r epeatedl y say s that ther e i s onl y one godcal l ed i shw ar or Adi -Pur usha and al l other s ar e hi s mani festati on. So,Lor d Vi shnu, l or d br ahma and l or d shi v a ar e mani festati ons or par t ofthe same supr eme god but ar e supr eme i n thei r ow n aspect. Br ahma i sSupr eme i n cr eati on, Vi shnu i s supr eme i n pr eser v ati on and Shi v a i ssupr eme i n destr ucti on and none can i nter fer e i n each othersupr emacy . Energies of supreme mother is everywhere in this universe

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Holy trinity MahaMay a(supr eme pow er ) pl ay s a v i tal r ol e i n the cr eati on of thi suni v er se and so i s usual l y r efer r ed as the unmani fested, l atentmani fest or i n sci ence as potenti al or k i neti c ener gy . She contr ol s tw opow er s: N atutr al and Gener al . N atur al pow er al so k now n as AtmaShak ti , Pr ak r uti k a Shak ti , Pancha Mahabhuta Shak ti etc, cr eates andcontr ol s the Gener al Ener gy . The Pancha Mahabhuta Shak ti orPr ak r uti k a Shak ti r epr esents the ener gi es of natur al enti t i es l i k eear th, sun, w ater , f i r e and ai r . Ear th r epr esent cr eati v e ener gy , w aterex pr essi v e ener gy , spher e pr eser v ati v e ener gy , Ai r ser penti ne ener gyand f i r e r epr esent destr ucti v e ener gy . Al l these ener gi es ar e k now n asnatur al ener gy . Gener al ener gi es al so k now n as Jada shak ti orTamashak ti ar e based on the natur al ener gy and i s mor e used dur i ng the


pr ocess of destr ucti on. W i thout N atur al ener gy , ther e can be nogener al ener gy . Ki neti c ener gy , Potenti al ener gy , el ectr i cal ener gy ,magneti c ener gy , sound and atomi c ener gy ar e al l ex ampl es of gener alener gy .So, al l these ener gi es ar e pr oduced and contr ol l ed by supr eme motherAdi ti w hi ch i s none other than Goddess Dur ga. Know l edge, anger , gr eed,peace, l ust , egoi sm and pr i de, ar e al l her for ms. Maha Sar asw atir epr esents her pow er of equi l i br i um (Sattv i k i Shak ti ). Maha Lak shmir epr esents her pow er of acti v i ty (Rajasi k Shak ti ) w hi l e Maha Kal ir epr esents her pow er of destr ucti on (Tamsi k Shak ti ).

Maha shak ti and her v ar i ous for ms Goddess Durga post vedic Period In Ramayana Besi de Vedas, Di r ect ev i dence of Goddess Dur ga w or shi p i s found i n


Ramay ana w her e Lor d Rama w or shi pped her as the pr i mor di al ener gyof the enti r e uni v er se befor e goi ng on a f i nal f i ght w i th mi ghty demonRav ana. He w on the battl e w i th the gr ace of goddess Dur ga and thi s dayi s cel ebr ated ev er y y ear as Vi jay a Dasami day w hi ch thi s y ear fal l s on24 October . In Mahabharata Then Dur ga i s menti oned mul ti pl e t i mes i n the Mahabhar ata and i nbhagav ad gi ta i tsel f w her e l or d Kr i shna say s goddess dur ga as di v i nemother . In stor y of Mahabhar ata, befor e enter i ng the k i ngdom of Vi r atafor one y ear di sgui se, pandav as pr opi ti ated Dur ga and ask ed for boons.Agai n, befor e the commencement of gr eat battl e of Kur uk shetr a, or dKr i shna ask ed ar juna to w or shi p goddess Dur ga to ensur e v i ctor y . In moder n t i mes, goddess Dur ga got gr eat fol l ow i ng among the tr i balar eas w her e Dur ga w as associ ated w i th agr i cul tur e w hi ch may bebecause she i s thought to be the pow er behi nd the gr ow th of cr ops andv egetati on In other cultures How ev er , str angel y enough, Mesopotami an(Pr esentl y Ir aq) GoddessIshtar , i s str i k i ngl y si mi l ar to Goddess Dur ga and w as w or shi pped bythe Assy r i ans, Baby l oni ans, Sumer i ans, and ev en Egy pti ans andRomans. Goddess Ishtar i s tr aced back to 2000 BC and pr obabl y ev enmuch befor e that. Goddess Ishtar i s descr i bes as an i ndependent goddesshav i ng mul ti pl e ar ms, r i di ng a l i on and hol di ng many w eapons. She w asbeauti ful , l ov ed peopl e of al l back gr ound & soci al c l asses and tr av el l edacr oss for est, deser ts, w ater etc.


Goddess Ishtar Besi de Mesopotami a, Dur ga i s al so found i n other r egi on and cul tur esl i k e Buddhi sm, Jai ni sm etc. She i s the onl y femal e dei ty to hav e anenti r e U pani sad af ter her . Indus valley period W or shi p of goddess w as v er y pr omi nent i n the anci ent Indus Val l eyci v i l i zati on si nce many f i gur es and seal s depi cti ng the epi thet ofdi v i ne mother to Femal e dei t i es hav e been found. Af ter the v edi cper i od, Ther e w as a r i se i n goddess w or shi p w i th Dur ga and Kal i bei ng

the most pr omi nent of them. Ar ound 4th centur y A.D, many i mages ofDur ga k i l l i ng buf fal o demon mahi sasur w er e common thr oughoutIndi an sub-conti nent.




Ani mated stor y of Dur ga k i l l i ng mahi sasurAf ter the si x th centur y , many cl assi cal tex ts w er e w r i tten depi cti ngDev i Dur ga my thol ogi cal ex pl oi ts. Dev i bhagav atam i s an enti r epur ana dedi cated to dur ga and other bei ng Mar k andey a Pur ana, al socal l ed as Dev i Mahatmy a, w hi ch l ater became k now n as Dur gasaptasatior Chandi Mahatmy a. Thi s tex t i s so sacr ed that ev er y v er se i sconsi der ed as the sacr ed mantr a of the goddess Dur ga and i s w i del y usedtoday dur i ng the ni ne day l ong festi v al of nav r atr i . The Dev i mahatmy a states that Dur ga i s the uni v er se. "As i mmanent i nthe w or l d Dur ga i s equated w i th the ear th. As tr anscendent, she i s theheav enl y queen w ho descends f r om ti me to t i me to mai ntai n har monyon ear th." (Ki nsl ey 1 986, 1 05) Everyone of us worship Goddess Tr ul y speak i ng, al l bei ngs of thi s Kal i y uga ar e actual l y GoddessW or shi pper s, but they ar e not aw ar e of that. Ev er y one today desi r espow er and domi nance i n one for m or the other . Ev er y countr y desi r esto become the most pow er ful nati on. Ev en phy si ci sts and sci enti stspr ov ed that ev er y thi ng of thi s uni v er se i s pur e, i mper i shabl e


ener gy . Sci enti sts conti nuousl y str i v e to cr eate some technol ogy tomak e thei r nati on the pow er ful of al l nati on. N ucl ear bombs, Atomi cbomb, W ar w eapons, Fi ghter pl anes etc ar e ex ampl e of demonstr ati ngpow er w hi ch i n one sense can be cal l ed as ener gy (Shak ti ) w or shi p i .eGoddess w or shi p.




Dev i -Supr eme Di v i ne mother The Reason for Mother Durga Worship We saw how Aditi, the source of all creation became durga and howshe destroyed all terrible enemies of the gods. Goddess Dur ga i s w or shi pped because she i s sour ce of al l cr eati on andr epr esents the femi ni ne aspect of the supr eme god. One w ho w or shi psher i ndi r ectl y w or shi ps al l the other dei t i es because al l other dei t i esar e hi s mani festati ons. Goddess dur ga i s the gi v er of w eal th, heal th,happi ness, k now l edge, spi r i tual w i sdom and f r eedom. Ri g Veda say sAdi ti i s sar v amangal a (Gi v er of al l happi ness) and the Athar v a Vedasay s Adi ti i s samr i ddhi day i ni . Goddess Dur ga i s v er y beauti ful , fai rand gol den i n compl ex i on and one w ho w or shi ps her gets di v i ne faceand mater i al i st i c happi ness. Mahabhar ata v er se (1 .1 .209-1 0) say s Kal aor t i me Cr eates, pr eser v es and destr oy s ev er y thi ng. Kal a i s other nameof Shi v a w i fe Sati and r epr esent goddess dur ga i n Kal i for m. She w i l l bethe one w hose pow er w i l l be used at the end of thi s k al i y uga to destr oythi s uni v er se. Thus, Goddess dur ga i s the supr eme uni v er sal mother andone w ho w or shi ps her s w or shi ps ev er y thi ng i ncl udi ng al l otherdei ti es. W el l k now n Sage Ramak r i shna sai d the same as “one w ho i s Br ahman i sal so shak ti . W hen i nacti v e, he i s cal l ed as Br ahman but w hen thoughtof Cr eati on, he i s cal l ed as br ahma w i th shak ti as sar asw ati , w henthought of mai ntai ner , he i s cal l ed as Vi shnu w i th shak ti as ‘Lax mi ’ andw hen thought of destr ucti on, he i s cal l ed as Shi v a w i th shak ti as ‘Kal i ’. Worship the supreme divine mother in a right way Dev i (Goddess) w or shi p i s actual l y v ener ati ng supr eme god gr eatness


and supr emacy . U nfor tunatel y , many i gnor antl y bel i ev es that Goddessask for sacr i f i ce. If w e go by the scr i ptur es, then goddess don’t ask forani mal sacr i f i ce, i nstead i t ask for sacr i f i ce of demon-l i k e humans, i task to sacr i f i ce y our ego, fear and mater i al i st i c desi r es. Just l i k e the chi l d has mor e l ov e for mother than father and motherl ov e chi l d mor e than father , Humans shoul d hav e mor e l ov e and r espectto our di v i ne mother ‘Adi ti ’ ak a Dur ga because she i s k i nd, af fecti onate,tender and l ov i ng. Her pow er i s i mmeasur abl e, mer cy i l l i mi tabl e,k now l edge i nf i ni te, spl endor i ndescr i babl e. Onl y she can gi v e y oumater i al i st i c joy , pr osper i ty and spi r i tual f r eedom. She is permanent, invincible, indestructible, and kind because she is mother of all.Because of her grace and blessings, man is able to indulge and enjoy these materialisticpleasures.


Invincible, indestructible and ever loving goddess Durga Hi ndui sm i s the onl y r el i gi on that cl ai ms the supr eme di v i ne ener gy tobe femi ni ne and hence i s the onl y r el i gi on to hav e el ev ated status ofw omen. So, thi s nav ar atr i , W or shi p goddess Dur ga and Gi v e y our r espect andl ov e w i th an open hear t by r emov i ng y our enemi es of egoi sm,cr ook edness and sel f i shness. A shor t poem fr om my si de for Goddess Dur ga O Di v i ne Mother , Sour ce of al l cr eati on I bow to y ou and al l y our mani festati on O mother , y ou ar e pr esent ev er y w her e Bl ess me w i th y our k now l edge and car e


O mother , y ou ar e the conquer er ov er al l You answ er to ev er y si ncer e dev otee cal l O m other, the Excellent One beyond Tim e, Bes ide you, nobody is m ine!! Nobody is m ine!! O All-Aus picious , the rem ov er of Dark nes s , Pl ease bl ess me w i th spi r i tual w i sdom & happi ness O the reliev er of all difficulties , ev er forgiv ing & lov ing, You are the s ource and protector of ev ery liv ing being

O mother y ou ar e embodi ment of ener gy Of fer i ng w or shi p, I bow to thee, I bow to thee Jai Mata Di !! Jai Mata Di !! Jai Mata Di


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