third edition rods: statically indeterminate … .pdf3 lecture 4. rods: statically indeterminate...
TRANSCRIPT
1
• A. J. Clark School of Engineering •Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering• A. J. Clark School of Engineering •Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering• A. J. Clark School of Engineering •Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering• A. J. Clark School of Engineering •Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Third EditionLECTURE
42.9
Chapter
byDr. Ibrahim A. Assakkaf
SPRING 2003ENES 220 – Mechanics of Materials
Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Maryland, College Park
RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 1ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Background– In all of the problems discussed so far, it
was possible to determine the forces and stresses in the members by utilizing the equations of equilibrium, that is
0kji
0kjirr
rr
∑∑ ∑∑∑ ∑
=++=
=++=
zyx
zyx
MMMC
FFFR (1)
2
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 2ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Background
F1
F2F2
x
yz
i
jk
∑ ∑ ∑∑ ∑ ∑
===
===
0 0 0
0 0 0
zyx
zyx
MMM
FFF (2)
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 3ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Background
∑∑ ∑
=
==
0
0 0
A
yx
M
FF
x
y
(3)
3
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 4ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Statically Determinate MemberWhen equations of equilibrium are sufficient to determine the forces and stresses in a structural member, we say that the problem is statically determinate
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 5ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Statically Indeterminate MemberWhen the equilibrium equations alone are not sufficient to determine the loads or stresses, then such problems are referred to as statically indeterminateproblems.
4
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 6ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Determinacy– Equations 1, 2, and 3 provide both
the necessary and sufficient conditions for equilibrium.
– When all the forces in a structure can be determined strictly from these equations, the structure is referred to as statically determinate.
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 7ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Determinacy (cont’d)– Structures having more unknown forces
than available equilibrium equations are called statically indeterminate.
– As a general rule, a structure can be identified as being either statically determinate or statically indeterminate by drawing free-body diagrams of all its members, or selective parts of its members.
5
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 8ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Determinacy (cont’d)– When the free-body diagram is
constructed, it will be possible to compare the total number of unknown reactive components with the total number of available equilibrium equations.
– For simple structure, a “mental count” of the number of unknowns can also be made and compared with the number of Eqs.
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 9ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Determinacy of Beams– For a coplanar (two-dimensional) structure,
there are at most three equilibrium equations for each part, so that if there is a total of n parts and r reactions, we have
ateindetermin statically ,3edeterminat statically ,3
⇒>⇒=
nrnr
(4)
6
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 10ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Example 1Classify each of the beams shown as statically determinate of statically indeterminate. If statically indeterminate, report the degrees of of determinacy. The beams are subjected to external loadings that are assumed to be known and can act anywhere on the beams.
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 11ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Example 1 (cont’d)
I
II
III
7
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 12ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Example 1 (cont’d)– For part I:
edeterminat statically]3)1(3[3,3, therefore,1 ,3
4, Eq. Applying
⇒==⇒===
nrnr
r1
r2 r3
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 13ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Example 1 (cont’d)For part II:
degree second to ateindetermin statically]3)1(3[5,3
, therefore,1 ,54, Eq. Applying
⇒>>⇒>==
nrnr
r1
r4r5
r2 r3
8
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 14ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Example 1 (cont’d)For part III:
edeterminat statically]6)2(3[6,3, therefore,2 ,6
4, Eq. Applying
⇒==⇒===
nrnr
r1
r2
r6
r3
r4
r5
r7
r5
Note: r3 = r6 andr4 = r5
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 15ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Determinacy of Trusses– For any problem in truss analysis, it should
be noted that the total number of unknowns includes the forces in b number of bars of the truss and the total number of r of external support reactions.
– Since the truss members are all straight axial force members lying in the same plane, the force system acting on each joint is coplanar and concurrent.
9
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 16ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Determinacy of Trusses
Statically Determinate Truss
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 17ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Determinacy of Trusses
Statically Indeterminate Truss
10
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 18ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Determinacy of TrussesRotational or moment equilibrium is automatically satisfied at the joint (or pin) of a truss, and therefore, it is necessary to satisfy
to ensure transnational or force equilibrium∑ ∑ == 0 0 yx FF
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 19ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Determinacy of Trusses– For a coplanar (two-dimensional) truss,
there are at most two equilibrium equations for each joint j, so that if there is a total of bmembers and r reactions, we have
ateindetermin statically ,2edeterminat statically ,2
⇒>+⇒=+
jrbjrb
(5)
11
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 20ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Example 2Classify each of the trusses shown as statically determinate or statically indeterminate. Also if the truss is statically indeterminate, what is the degree of indeterminacy
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 21ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Example 2 (cont’d)
edeterminat statically 22(2)(11) 3)(19 ,2
11 and ,3 ,19
⇒==+=+
===jrb
jrbr3
r2
r1
12
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 22ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Structures
Example 2 (cont’d)
r3
r2
r1
r4
degreefirst toateindetermin statically 18](2)(9)[ 19]4)[(15 ,2
9 and ,4 ,15
⇒=>=+=+
===jrb
jrb
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 23ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
Static Indeterminacy
• Structures for which internal forces and reactions cannot be determined from statics alone are said to be statically indeterminate.
• A structure will be statically indeterminate whenever it is held by more supports than are required to maintain its equilibrium.
13
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 24ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
Static Indeterminacy
0=+= RL δδδ
• Deformations due to actual loads and redundant reactions are determined separately and then added or superposed.
• Redundant reactions are replaced with unknown loads which along with the other loads must produce compatible deformations.
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 25ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
How to determine forces and stresses on axially loaded member that is statically indeterminate?– In order to solve for the forces, and
stresses in such member, it becomes necessary to supplement the equilibrium equations with additional relationships based on any conditions of restraint that may exist.
14
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 26ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
General Rules– Each statically indeterminate problem
has its own peculiarities as to its method of solution.
– But there are some general rules and ideas that are common to the solution of most types of problems.
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 27ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
General Rules– These general rules and guidelines are
summarized as follows:1. Write the appropriate equations of equilibrium
and examine them carefully to make sure whether or not the problem is statically determinate or indeterminate. Eqs. 4 and 5 can help in the case of coplanar problems.
2. If the problem is statically indeterminate, examine the kinematic restraints to determine
15
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 28ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
General Rulesthe necessary conditions that must be satisfied by the deformation(s) of the member(s).
3. Express the required deformations in terms of the loads or forces. When enough of these additional relationships have been obtained, they can be adjoined to the equilibrium equations and the problem can then be solved.
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 29ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
Example 3
Determine the reactions at Aand B for the steel bar and loading shown, assuming a close fit at both supports before the loads are applied.
16
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 30ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
Example 3 (cont’d)
SOLUTION:
• Consider the reaction at B as redundant, release the bar from that support, and solve for the displacement at B due to the applied loads.
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 31ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
Example 3 (cont’d)
• Solve for the displacement at Bdue to the redundant reaction at B.
17
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 32ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
Example 3 (cont’d)
• Require that the displacements due to the loads and due to the redundant reaction be compatible, i.e., require that their sum be zero.
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 33ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
Example 3 (cont’d)
• Solve for the reaction at A due to applied loads and the reaction found at B.
18
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 34ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
Example 3 (cont’d)• Solve for the displacement at B due to the
applied loads with the redundant constraint released,
EEALP
LLLL
AAAA
PPPP
i ii
ii9
L
4321
2643
2621
34
3321
10125.1
m 150.0
m10250m10400
N10900N106000
×=∑=
====
×==×==
×=×===
−−
δ
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 35ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
Example 3 (cont’d)
• Solve for the displacement at B due to the redundant constraint,
( )∑
×−==
==
×=×=
−==
−−
iB
ii
iiR
B
ER
EALPδ
LL
AA
RPP
3
21
262
261
21
1095.1
m 300.0
m10250m10400
19
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 36ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
Example 3 (cont’d)• Require that the displacements due to the loads
and due to the redundant reaction be compatible,
( )
kN 577N10577
01095.110125.1
0
3
39
=×=
=×
−×
=
=+=
B
B
RL
R
ER
Eδ
δδδ
• Find the reaction at A due to the loads and the reaction at B
kN323
kN577kN600kN3000
=
∑ +−−==
A
Ay
R
RF
kN577
kN323
=
=
B
A
R
R
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 37ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
Example 4A rigid plate C is used to transfer a 20-kip load P to a steel (Es = 30,000 ksi) rod A and aluminum alloy (Ea = 10,000 ksi) pipe B, as shown. The supports at the top of the rod and bottom of the pipe are rigid and there are no stresses in the rod or pipe before the load P applied. The cross-sectional areas of rod A and pipe B are
20
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 38ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
Example 4 (cont’d)0.8 in2 and 3.0 in2, respectively. Determine
2P
2P10 in
20 in
(a) the axial stresses in rod Aand pipe B,
(b) the displacement of plate C, and
(c) the reactions.
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 39ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
Example 4 (cont’d)
2P
2P10 in
20 in
BA δδ =2P
2P
A
B
C
21
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 40ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
Example 4 (cont’d)FBD
Equilibrium equation:
Internal Forces in A and B areF1 and F2
2P
2P
1F
2F
020
022
;0
21
21
=−+
=−−+=↑+ ∑FF
PPFFFy
A
B
C (6)
BBaA AFAF σσ == 21 and But
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 41ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
Example 4 (cont’d)Therefore, Eq. 6 can be written as
Deformation equation yields:
2030.8or ,020
A =+=−+
B
BBAA AAσσ
σσ
2P
2P
1F
2F
A
B
C(7)
BA
BA
B
BB
A
AABA
σ
EL
EL
σ
σσσσδδ
6 which,From
000,10)20(
000,30)10(
=
=====
(8)
22
LECTURE 4. RODS: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS (2.9) Slide No. 42ENES 220 ©Assakkaf
Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members
Example 4 (cont’d)Solving Eqs. 7 and 8 simultaneously, gives
The displacement of C:
The reactions are determined as follows:
ksi 56.2 and ksi 38.15 == BA σσ
in 00513.0000,30
)10(38.15000,30
)10(===== A
BACσδδδ
( )( ) kips 3.128.038.15
kips 68.7356.2
2
1
======
AA
BB
AFAF
σσ