thesis final work

Society

PoliticsHistory

Environment

Feng Shui

Feng Shui = Sustainability

Eastern

Architecture

?

Dessau Institute of ArchitectureDIA

Supervisor01: Prof. Daniel Dendra

Supervisor02: Prof. Thomas Auer

Architecture and Energy

2009 - 2010 Design Thesis

3 ‘s Feng Shui Housing

by Liu, Ko-cheng

Chapter01

Chapter03

Chapter04

Chapter05

Chapter06

Chap

ter0

7

Chapter08 Chapter02

Architecture and Energy: 3 ‘ S Feng Shui Housing

SustainabilitySociety

Surrounding

Master Student: Liu, Ko-cheng

Advisor01: Prof. Daniel Dendra

Advisor02: Prof. Thomas Auer

Feng Shui has been existing for thousands of years and still plays a pivot role in Asia due to the great influences of human beings. It is related to the very sensible notion that living with nature in order to benefit humans and the environment. However, most of the roles of Feng Shui are still mysterious and people still don’t know how it works properly. Espe-cially, for some people, it seems to be regarded as some kinds of superstition. What’s more, Feng Shui is also highly associated with architectural field and this offers me a great opportunity to unveil the myth of Feng Shui. According to the notion of Feng Shui, it is about the sustainability, but this is still a question mark of how they are connected between each other. Therefore, in my design thesis, I would use the computational pro-grams and prove Feng Shui can work efficiently in terms of sustainable architecture, besides the investigation of Feng Shui principles. As a result, the final goal is to design a sustainable housing based on the logic of Feng Shui and have a better and comfortable living style for people in the future.

Introduction

Society

PoliticsHistory

Environment

Feng Shui

Feng Shui = Sustainability

Eastern

Architecture

Feng Shui is related to the very sensible notion that living with rather than against nature benefits humans and their environment.

?

Contents

Chapter 01 : How does Feng Shui influence the world?

Chapter 02 : Introduction of Feng Shui

Chapter 03 : Living Situation in Taiwan

Chapter 04 : Survey _ Single Person

Chapter 05 : Demonstration

Chapter 06 : Feng Shui _ Architectural Design

Chapter 07 : Feng Shui _ Architectural Drawing

Chapter 08 : Feng Shui _ Conclusion

Research from the google result 02

Introduction of Feng Shui History 05

05

Explanation of Feng Shui Principles 07

Research of housing distribution and styles 11

The changes of family members over 100 years 13

Questionaire for single persons in Taiwan 17

Highlight of traditonal Feng Shui Pattern 21

Urban Pattern generation 23

Environmental Analysis 25

Analysis of Sustainability 27

Architectural Feng Shui design for urban pattern 35

Urban drawing and perspective 45

Rendering with perspective 49

Ideology: Feng Shui as design criteria 03

15

19

33

43

47

09

01

Chapter 01

In this chapter, I would mainly introduce the impacts of Feng

Shui on the world and look at the potential of it. First of all, I pick

up top 10 populations of the countries in the world to see the

distribution and percentages of the overall statistics. Most

importantly, I start to google the keyword “Feng Shui” on the

internet among these 10 countries and calculate how many

results it shows. Moreover, I specifically choose another 2

brands which are greatly famous, McDonald’s and Coca Cola as

my references and then rank these 3 results based on the same

conditions. Lastly, after the comparison, this helps us to under-

stand that Feng Shui actually has also hightly influences on the

earth.

01

Top 10 population in the world

How does Feng Shui influence the world?“Feng Shui” in the internet

Google Results

02

1 billion +

50 million +

25 million +

1 million +

< 1 million

100 million +

10 million +

Po

pu

latio

n

1.9% of w

orld population2.1%

of world population

2.8%

of world population

312,000 Results

451,000 Results

2.2%

of world population

374,000 Results

654,000 Results

2.5%

of world population

713,000 Results

2,630,000 Results

17.5%

of world population

2,150,000 Results

6,090,000 Results

3.5%

of world population

1,130,000 Results

2,250,000 Results

2.4%

of world population

432,000 Results

758,000 Results

4.5%

of world population

7,880,000 Results

9,060,000 Results

3,410,000 Results

2,840,000 Results

19.8%

of world population

10,326,000 Results

3,330,000 Results

344,000 Results

2,583,000 Results

631,000 Results

28,100,000 Results

1,040,000 Results

1,930,000 Results

979,000 Results

519,000 Results

1,980,000 Results

2,100,000 Results

334,000 Results

341,000 Results

10,000,000 Results

1,000,000 Results

There have been a lot of architectural books existing among all the countries.

For example, in Europe, “Architect’s Data”, edited by Neufert has great impacts

and it has been a well-accepted criteria that designers use it a lot. What’s more,

in U SA, “A p attern Language” i s also h ighly taken into c onsideration and

regarded as an important book for architects. However, in Asia, there is still not

a quite f amous a rchitectural book t hat people can agree with. Based o n the

previous research, as far as I consider, I would start to take Feng Shui as design

well-known. Hopefully, the design book based on Feng Shui can also become

“Architect’s Data” that people all over the world can use it and design sustain-

able architecture.

04

How do Architectural Languages change the world?

04

05

Feng Shui was mainly adopted into public construction.

Feng Shui helped choose the location of site.

Feudal Society

Public Construction Housing

Fc

4000 B.C. 1660 A.C.

Chapter 02

Introduction of Feng Shui History

06

eudal Society, but housing can be onstructed based o n Feng Shui

Baroque Style

Colonization Period

Restoration

Revolution of housing style

Feng Shui

Environment

Society

1895 A.C. 1945 A.C. 1980 A.C. 2009 A.C. Future

?

07

Introduction of Feng Shui Principles

South Facing Orientation

Yang

Yang is described as -

nal, active, strong and ascending

Living Room

Kitchen

Courtyard

Bed Room

Storage

The front entrance should not face the upstairs stairway

Less than 20 m2 of bed room is good condition according to feng shui.

Avoid having the direct view of window when entering the bed room

The front door should not have a view of the back door

Avoid building at the junction of a T-street or at the end of a cul-de-sac because these locations are on the receiving

Bed Room

Bed Room

< 20 m2

Chi (Positive Energy) Sha (Negative Energy)

Feng Shui Perspective



Noise

Pollution

NoisePollution

Solution

Solution

Solution

Feng Shui PerspectiveSolution

Feng Shui PerspectiveSolution

Air would go straight

weaks the ventilation

Avoid having large-scaled windows and balcony in bed room

Heat

08

YinYin energy is described as watery, cool, dark, night, internal, peaceful, gentle and descending

Mountain

Best SiteRiver

Avoid having a straight road leading directly to the home, with people coming and going it will dissipate the

Water is very important and its positioning is vital to improving Chi and confounding Sha

Peaceful and help people calm down

The skylight helps improve the ventilation and increase the amount of daylight.

Due to the unequal height, the

left side in terms of sun projec-tion.

Due to the triangle geometry, the next building might get too much negitave energy.

Help cool down the temperature

Courtyard or skylight is good for getting positive energy with symmetrical geometry.

The best site for house is surrounded by mountains and confront the river.

To have the right side low and the left side high are both unlucky

Left

Right

Courtyard Skylight

Houses or buildings on triangular plots of land will bring bad luck because the strange shape attracts Sha

t su

fornded

s andver.

very Water is vepositionCh

site forsurround

untains t the riv

Noise

Pollution







Solution

Solution

Solution

Solution

SouthLeft

Right

Mountain

River

Stop the freezing wind in winter

Bring cool wind in summer

09

Chapter 03

10

Before going t hrough t he design content, i t is helpful and

important to have a broadly understanding of living situation

examples o f housing styles i n Taiwan, but t he living situation

over 100 years. What’s more, I especially highlight the local and

national events during these 10 decades to see if these events

have crucial impacts on the housing involvement. Most of all,

has occupied a large amount of percentages among the overall

demographics and t he numbers is still a rising. Therefore,

-

nity to explore deeply on this group and then go on to the next

step to understand their basic needs and interests.

Living Situation in Taiwan

11Scale

A

B

DE

C

Worship

Main

Traditional House

MainA

B

Style01

MainA

B

C

Style02

Balcony

Kitchen

StorageGarage

Bed Room

Toilet

Living Room

dining Room

0 3 6 9 m

VillageTraditional

HouseTownHouse

Apartment Tower

Town City

Taipei City

Kaoh

siun

g To

wn

Taitung Village

1st Floor 2nd Floor 3rdFloor 4thFloor

MainMain A B CTown House

ApartmentTower

Majority of housing typologies

Common hosing stylesHousing Typology

Housing Distribution

12

2009

2009

19801980

9801905

1905

19732006

U.S Dollars $

Oil Price Statistic

Oil Consum

ption, Taiwan

Thousand Barrels / day

Oil Price, A

nnual Statistic

200 40 60 80

100

120

200

400

600

800

1000

1200 32 m2

36 m2

25 m2

Average Square meters per person for housing

in Taipei City

13

per f

amily

1

2

3

4

5

6

Population Density

15% of population is single

100,000 Families 1 million people Single

1945

1949

19391914 1918

1945

Revolution of modern architecture

Revolution of Industry Taiwan RetrocessionAgriculture Industry

Taipei as Capital

New Thinking ofArchitectureWalter Gropius, L

1905 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 19401929 1933

World War IIWorld War I

Japan R.O.C

Global Events

Members of Family

Taiwan Events

GreatDepression

11World War I

Living Situation in TaiwanPoint 1: Research in the changes of family member over 100 yearsPoint 2: Research of potential group (single person) over 100 yearsPoint 3: Lists of local and global events over 100 years

Taipei City

Kaohsiung Town

Taitung Village

14

2,000452

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,0000000

person/km2

79

Golden Period for Economic Development


17957

Oil Crisis

Four Asian Tigers

1960

Industrial Propersity

Taiwan Quit United Nations

1974

1973

Ten Major Construction Projects

f

Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright etc.

21

23

18

15

12

Mill

ion

Peop

le

1971 1980 1990 2000 20091956

Total Population

19801979 1988 1997 2007

Iran–IraqWar

EnergyCrisis

EnergyCrisis

Asian Financial Crisis Financial Crisis

Subprime mortgage crisis

Electronic Engineering


Promotion of Green Architecture

Million People

2

ln

15

Chapter 04

16

According to previous research over 100 years, I pick up single

person as my potential group, and want to have further study of

them. Hence, I m ake a series o f questionnaires for 150 s ingle

persons and make a basic statistics in the end to see the distri-

bution of each result. Especially, Feng Shui design, as a result, is

also a n important issue for this t arget g roup. Overall, a ll t he

results in this survey would be one of my main design founda-

tions and help develop the project during the process.

Survey_Single Person

17

User

Single Persons

Wh

at’s y

ou

r ho

bb

y a

t ho

me

?If m

arrie

d, h

ow

ma

ny

me

mb

ers d

o y

ou

wa

nt in

yo

ur fa

mily

?

ABCDEFGHIJ

Internet SurfingTV W

atchingReadingCom

. Gam

e PlayingPet RaisingH

ouse PartyH

andicraftBody ExerciseCookingO

thers

If yo

u w

an

t to b

uy

a h

ou

se, w

ha

t kin

d o

f fun

ctio

ns a

re n

ece

ssary

to y

ou

?

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

110

120

130

140

150

100

A

AB

BC

C

D

D

E

E

F

F

G

G

H

H

I

I

J

J

K

K

LM

NP

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

110

120

130

140

150

100

AB

CD

EF

GH

IJ

L

Living RoomKitchenF

en

g S

hu

i De

sign

BalconyG

arageD

inning RoomReading RoomH

igh Classic BathroomW

orking Room

Recreational RoomCom

mon Room

MExhibition Room

NPracting Room

OO

thers

Garden

4 m

em

be

rs of fa

mily

mig

ht b

e th

e tre

nd

in th

e fu

ture

49.66%

16.11%

14.77%11.41%

8.91%1.98%

others

Fa

mily

Me

mb

ers

Ne

ed

s

Ac

tivity

Survey_Single PersonQuestionaires for 150 single person

18

User

Gender

Person82

+=

68150

Do

yo

u w

an

t to h

av

e y

ou

r ow

n h

ou

se?

Do

yo

u w

an

t to h

av

e m

arria

ge

?

Wh

at’s y

ou

r pro

fessio

n?

Wh

at k

ind

of b

uild

ing

do

yo

u w

an

t to liv

e m

ost?

Average Age: 26.95

93.14 %Yes

No

No

No

77.85 %Yes

79.87 %Yes

Are

yo

u still liv

ing

with

yo

ur p

are

nts?

No

50 %Yes

Engineering

Education

Town H

ouse

Apartm

ent

Tower

Administration

FinanceU

nenployment

Sales

Doctor, Law

yer etc.

Single Apartm

entO

thers

Th

ere

is a su

stain

ab

le b

uild

ing

wh

ich

cost m

ore

tha

n b

uy

ing

a n

orm

al o

ne

, bu

t this c

an

he

lp y

ou

sav

e m

an

y e

ne

rgy

costs in

the

futu

re. D

o y

ou

still wa

nt to

bu

y th

is susta

ina

ble

ho

usin

g?

33.33%

14%

42.28%

27.52%

24.16%

4.7%1.34%

11.33%

10.67%6%

5.88%5.88%

Pro

fessio

nB

asic

Su

rve

y

Su

stain

ab

ility &

bu

ildin

g ty

po

log

y

19

Chapter 05

20

According to previous research over 100 years, I pick up single

person as my potential group, and want to have further study of

them. Hence, I m ake a series o f questionnaires for 150 s ingle

persons and make a basic statistics in the end to see the distri-

bution of each result. Especially, Feng Shui design, as a result, is

also a n important issue for this t arget g roup. Overall, a ll t he

results in this survey would be one of my main design founda-

tions and help develop the project during the process.

Demonstration

21

Demonstration

23

Urban01 Urban02 Urban03 Urban04

Housing Block

Master Plan

Housing Bl

Master Pla

Infrastructure Infrastruct

Building Blocks: 52Bulk Converage Ratio: 1

8 m x 8 m

At least 5 m

Building Blocks: 5Bulk Converage Rati

8 m x 8 m

At least 5 m

Worst Feng Shui

Sout

h Fa

cing

Shar

p Ed

ge

Housing Block

Master Plan

Infrastructure


8 m x 8 m

At least 5 m

Infrastructure

Housing Block

Master Plan


8 m x 8 m

At least 5 m

Housing Feng Shui_

24

Housing Block

Master Plan

Infrastructure


8 m x 8 m

At least 5 m

4 Urban05 Urban06 Urban07

ock

an

ure

Housing Block

Master Plan

Infrastructure

52io: 1


8 m x 8 m

At least 5 m

Best Feng Shui

Housing Block

Master Plan

Infrastructure


8 m x 8 m

At least 5 m

Urban Planning_

25

Air

Flow

Sim

ulat

ion

Sun

Expo

sure

(Uni

t: W

h)D

aylig

ht F

acto

r (U

nit:

Lux)

Cont

ours

of V

eloc

ity M

agni

tude

(m/s

)

Hig

hest

Velocity

Low

est

Environment

Urban01 Urban02 Urban03 Urb

Average Value: 63095 Wh

Average Value: 5713 Lux





Average Valu

Average Valu

Low

est

Hig

hest

Low

est

Hig

hest

10

5

9

9

87

7

7

64

4

4

45%

Ex: Urban01Mark = 4 x 50 % + 9 x 25% + 4 x 25% =5.3

Best

26

ban04 Urban05 Urban06 Urban07

ue: 58094 Wh

ue: 5557 Lux







10

10

5

5

98

8

8

7

7

6

6

50%

25%

25%

Best

Best

27

influ

ienc

ial D

epth

Hig

hest

Index

Low

est

Society

Spac

e Sy

ntax

(Dep

th)

10

9

9

64

4

45%

Ex: Urban02Mark = 6 x 50 % + 10 x 50% = 8

141.4m217.7m 1163.4m7m7 7212 7m7772122 mm7.72 11

Best

Comple

Distance fro

A A A

B B B B

m4mm163 4mmm.414 m4mmm14 m114 .4mm

Urban01 Urban02 Urban03 U

28

10

7

8

8

7

5

5

6

50%

50%

199.3m 199.5m200m199.8m m22200m20000m2 m002m.819 mm.8199 8199 m.5991991119999 m5m5.599 m1m3m11 3mm.3m919

Best

exity fo Street

m A point to B point

A A A A

B B B

rban04 Urban05 Urban06 Urban07

29

Urban01 Urban02 Urban03 Urba

Economic

A = Total Area

V = Total Volume

AV = =

862229952

0.4AV = =

1267229952

0.53 AV = =

921629952

0.42 AV =

109299

10 9 75

10%

Best

30

an04 Urban05 Urban06 Urban07

=944952

0.48 AV = =

1036829952

0.46AV = =

1209629952

0.51 AV = =

1497629952

0.61

4867

31

Urban01 Urban02 Urban03Sustainability

Enviornment45%

Society45%

Economic10%

AverageMark

5.0

4.7 7.5 8.09.0

5.3

4.0 8.0 9.0

6.5 7.0

10.0

Ex: Urban015.3 x 45% + 4.0 x 45% + 5.0 x 10% = 4.7

Urban01

Feng Shui _ Ho

32

Urban04 Urban05 Urban06 Urban07

8.16.6 6.1 6.26.07.0 8.0 4.0

5.5 6.0 6.0

7.5 8.5 8.6

8.5

6.0

Urban07

ousing Typology

33

Chapter 06

34

After a series of urban analysis according to 3 different perspec-

tives, environment, society and economic all of which are

related to the ideology of sustainability, apparently, we can see

that the principles of Feng Shui is actually helping improve the

urban design. Concerning with these advantages, I take 2 of

those patterns, best result and worst result to go onto next

stage, changing the housing typologies by Feng Shui architec-

tural rules and then test it again to see if it works much better

than the original one. In this way, I can actually prove that Feng

Shui can increase the possibilities of sustainability with urban

and architectural design.

Feng Shui_Architectural Design

35

Center

OrientationElements

Fame

Children

Creativity

Friends Knowledge

Family

WealthRelationships

Career

Center

1/3

1/3

1/3

1/3 1/3 1/3Social Value

Housing Ty

36

Inner Courtyard

Outer Courtyard

Outer Courtyard

ypology

35

Urban07

Housing Block

Master Plan

Infrastructure


64 m2

At least 5 m

Urban Analysis Architectural Analysis





Air Flow SimulationAir Flow Simulation

Sun Exposure Sun Exposure

Daylight Daylight

Urban07_rev01


64 m2

At least 5 m

Urban Analysis

Average Value: 12452 WhAverage Value: 47779 Wh


Architectural Design

Architectural Analysis


Infrastructure Air Flow SimulationAir Flow Simulation

Housing Block Sun Exposure Sun Exposure

Master Plan Daylight Daylight

36

37




Air Flow Simulation

Sun Exposure

Daylight

Air Flow Simulation

Sun Exposure

Daylight

Urban01

Housing Block

Master Plan

Infrastructure


64 m2

At least 5 m



38

Architectural Design




Air Flow Simulation

Sun Exposure

Daylight

Air Flow Simulation

Sun Exposure

Daylight

Urban01_rev01

Housing Block

Master Plan

Infrastructure


64 m2

At least 5 m



39

Center

Center

Inner Courtyard

Housing Connections

40

Center

Center

CenterCenter

Outer Courtyard

41

Building Typology

Infrustrature

Final Urban Pattern

42



Final Urban Pattern

10

10

4

AV = =

1903229952

0.64

4

A

B

197.4 M10

8

8.3

Environment

Society

Economic

Average Mark

43

Chapter 07

44

During the comparison of these two patterns, both of them

have their own advantages, and I specifically choose urban

pattern02 as my final result to start architectural drawing. On

one hand, the architecture has keeping involving and the grid

street has less potential to develop compared to the other one.

What’s more, the varies of urban pattern02 offers more oppor-

tunities to create and design the architecture. Therefore, I

decide to take one of the houses from this pattern and put more

architectural drawing into it.

Feng Shui_Architectural Drawing

45

Hous

Ground Floor

Scale: 1:100

1

11

2

2

2

3

3

3

4

4

4

6

6

6

7

7

85

55

1. Aisle

2. Living Room

3. Stairs

4. Kitchen

5. Dining Room

6. W.C.

7. Inner Courtyard

8. Outer CourtyardMaster PlanScale: 1:500

N

46

ing Feng Shui Architecture_ _

9

9

9

10

10

10

11

1111

12

12

12

13

13

13

9. Master Bed Room

10. Bed Room

11. Shower Room

12. Storage Room

13. Laundry Room

2nd Floor

Scale: 1:100

10

10

10

10

10

10

12

12

14

14

14

15

15

15

14. Study Room

15. Balcony

3rd Floor

Scale: 1:100

47

Chapter 08

48

The logic of Feng Shui has been existing for thousands of years

and used broadly to extend the maximum potential of it

because many people believe it can bring more sustainable and

comfortable life; however, because of its mysterious history

without scientific back up, it is considered as superstition

among some people. By taking this chance, I have some further

progress and operations methods of how I can use Feng Shui as

design criteria to design a sustainable house with different

perspectives in my thesis. During the progress, it’s apparent to

see that Feng Shui actually takes simply rules based on symme-

try system to create space that people can equally use it and

avoid unfair events take place, for example, the traditional

courtyard house. In a way, architecture is still involving and will

be changed in the further, and what I have been thinking is that

Feng Shui is one of the important paths that we architects can

use and transform it into buildings over the world since this is

highly associated with sustainability that people nowadays

highly concern about it.

Feng Shui_Conclusion

thesis final work

Documents