bachelor thesis final - modul.ac.at...bachelor thesis final - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

86
"#$%&'( )* +%,( %-. /0,,),1(# )- /)2,1(# 1- 304%-)- "#$%&'() *%&+,+ -() ./0#,1,12 0%& 3&2)&& "#$%&'() (- "4+,1&++ 567,1,+0)#0,(1 *(4),+7 #16 8(+9,0#',0: ;#1#2&7&10 <4/7,00&6 0( =#),1 >'#+&) ?@/,( A,'&'# 6# <,'B# C&0( DEFFGHH I#6 8#)/ DEFFGEH A,&11#J KF +0 (- ;#: LDFD

Upload: others

Post on 18-Mar-2020

49 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!

!

!

!

!

"#$%&'(!)*!+%,(!%-.!/0,,),1(#!)-!

/)2,1(#!1-!304%-)-!

!

"#$%&'()!*%&+,+!-()!./0#,1,12!0%&!3&2)&&!

"#$%&'()!(-!"4+,1&++!567,1,+0)#0,(1!

*(4),+7!#16!8(+9,0#',0:!;#1#2&7&10!

!

<4/7,00&6!0(!=#),1!>'#+&)!

!

?@/,(!A,'&'#!6#!<,'B#!C&0(!

DEFFGHH!

I#6!8#)/!

DEFFGEH!

!

A,&11#J!KF+0!(-!;#:!LDFD

Page 2: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

50&6%,%'1)-!)*!72'8),(81$!

M&! 6&$'#)&! 0%#0! 0%,+! 0%&+,+! ,+! (4)! (N1! 41#,6&6! N()OP! M&! %#B&! 1(0! ,1$'46&6! #1:!

7#0&),#'! ()! 6#0#! -)(7!(0%&)! #40%()+! ()! +(4)$&+J!N%,$%! #)&! 1(0! #$O1(N'&62&6! #16!

,6&10,-,&6! ,1! 0%&! 9)&+$),/&6! 7#11&)P! M&! %#B&! )&#6! 0%&! +&$0,(1! ,1! 0%&! &Q#7!

)&24'#0,(1+! (1! 9'#2,#),+7! #16! 416&)+0#16! 0%#0! +4$%! (--&1$&+! 7#:! '&#6! 0%&!

RQ#7,1#0,(1+! "(#)6! 0(! N,0%%('6! ()! N,0%6)#N! 0%&! #N#)6! (-! "#$%&'()! (-! "4+,1&++!

567,1,+0)#0,(1P!

!

A,&11#J!KF+0!(-!;#:!LDFD!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!3#0&! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!?@/,(!A,'&'#!6#!<,'B#!C&0(!

!

!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!I#6!8#)/!

Page 3: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

74(',%&'!

*%,+!9#9&)!N,''!&Q9'()&!0%&!1#04)&!(-!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!,1!S&/#1(1J!#16!%(N!0%&!

$(410):!%#+!/&&1!#--&$0&6!/:!N#)J!9(',0,$#'!,1+0#/,',0:!#16!'($#'!#16!2'(/#'!0&))(),+7P!

S&/#1(1! ,+! 2'(/#'':! $(1+,6&)&6! #! %(0! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1! N,0%! #00)#$0,B&! 9'#$&+! 0(!

B,+,0J! %(':! #16! )&',2,(4+! +,2%0+! #16! #! ),$%! $4'04)&P! *%&! $(410):! %#+! #! B#),&0:! (-!

#00)#$0,(1+!0%#0!N,''!+4,0!0%&!0#+0&+!(-!&#$%!0)#B&'&)P!*%&!$(410):!%#+!7#1:!%,+0(),$#'!

)4,1+J!)&',2,(4+!+,2%0+J!#!1#04)#'!'#16+$#9&!#16!7(6&)1!#00)#$0,(1+!0%#0!(--&)!0(4),+0+!

#!41,T4&!&Q9&),&1$&P!!

S&/#1(1!N#+! O1(N1! #+! 0%&! U<N,0V&)'#16! (-!;,66'&! R#+0W! /&-()&! 0%&! $,B,'!N#)! 0%#0!

0((O!9'#$&!-)(7!FXHD!0(!FXHGP!5-0&)!0%#0!9&),(6J!0%&!$(410):Y+!,7#2&!N#+!6&+0)(:&6!

/:! 0%#0! $(1-',$0J! #16! ,0! %#+! /&&1! %,0! /:! 1&2#0,B&! 94/',$,0:! 64&! 0(! #! +&),&+! (-!

$,)$47+0#1$&+! /&:(16! ,0+! $(10)('J! -()! &Q#79'&! 0%&! <&90&7/&)! FF! #$0! #+! N&''! #+!

-()&,21&)! 7&6,#! +9)&#6,12! /#6! 1&N+! #16! %()),-,$! 9,$04)&+! #''! (B&)! 0%&! N()'6!

Z=#7#',9(4)J!FXXG[P!

;()&(B&)J! 0%&! 7&6,#! $(B&)#2&! (-! 0%&! %,+0():! (-! S&/#1(1! %#+! $#4+&6! 9(0&10,#'!

B,+,0()+!0(!%#B&!#!1&2#0,B&!#00,046&!0(N#)6+!B,+,0,12!0%&!$(410):J! 0%4+! '&#6,12!0%&7!

0(!/&',&B&!0%#0!,0! ,+!#!+&$4),0:!),+OP!*%&!$(410):Y+!%,+0():J!N%,$%!,+!+%#6(N&6!/:!N#)!

#16!9(',0,$#'!,1+0#/,',0:!#16!#$0+!(-!0&))(),+7J!%#+!$#4+&6!0%&!$(410):!0(!/&!9&)$&,B&6!

#+!#1!416&+,)#/'&!B#$#0,(1!6&+0,1#0,(1!Z<0)(12!\!](412J!LDDH[P!!

*%,+! +046:! N,''! $(B&)! 0%&! &++&10,#'! )('&! (-! 0(4),+7! ,1! S&/#1(1Y+! &$(1(7:J!

6&B&'(97&10! #16! +0#/,',0:P! *%,+! +046:! N,''! #'+(! &Q#7,1&! 0%&! 6,--,$4'0,&+! 0%#0! 0%&!

$(410):!%#+!&Q9&),&1$&6!0%)(42%(40!0%&!:&#)+^!-)(7!(B&)$(7,12!(/+0#$'&+J!9(',0,$#'!

9)(/'&7+! #16! 0)#$&+! -)(7! 0%&! N#)! 0(! #! UF+0! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1W! 0,0'&! #$%,&B&6! ,1!

LDDX!Z*%&!C&N!]()O!*,7&+J!LDDX[P!

!

Page 4: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

/%460!)*!9)-'0-'(!

74(',%&'! !

:! "-',).2&'1)-! :!

;! <0'8).)6)=>! ;!

?! 304%-)-! ;!!"#! $%&'()*+*,-('&./*0%.)&12)&-1* !!

KPFPF! <&$4),0:!_++4&!#16!`&+0),$0,(1+!#--&$0,12!*(4),+0+! a!

@! /)2,1(#! A!3"#! ,-('&./*&1*4%521-1* 6!3"7! ,-('&./*&1*)8%*9&::;%*<2.)* =!

A! /80!"#$%&'(!)*!'80!91B16!+%,!)-!/)2,1(#!1-!304%-)-! C!>"#! ,-('&./*5%?-'%*)8%*@&A&;*B2'*+*4%521-1*C,8%*DE&)F%';21:*-?*9&::;%*<2.)C* G!>"7! @&A&;*B2'*H#G=>I#GGJK* ##!>"!! ,-('&./*2?)%'*)8%*@&A&;*B2'* #3!

D! E26>!;FFD!+%,! :G!6"#! L1)'-:(M)&-1* #=!6"7! ,-('&./*$%?-'%*N(;O*7JJ6*B2'* #=!6"!! ,-('&./*2?)%'*N(;O*7JJ6*B2'* #G!

HPKPF! ?()&,21!5,6!0(!<499()0!*(4),+7!,1!S&/#1(1! LK!

G! /0,,),1(#!%-.!/)2,1(#! ;D!="#! ,8%*L/P2M)* 76!="7! ,8%*@-11%M)&-1* 7Q!="!! B8O*,%''-'&./*R))2MS.*,-('&./T* !7!="3! GU##*I*,%''-'&./*R))2MS*&1*)8%*V"D"R"* !!!

EPaPF! _79#$0!(1!0%&!*(4),+7!_164+0):!(-!;,66'&!R#+0! Ka!=">! ,%''-'&./*RM).*&1*4%521-1* !6!

EPGPF! b),7&!;,1,+0&)!`#-,O!8#),),Y+!5++#++,1#0,(1! KH!EPGPL! <&),&+!(-!*&))(),+7!5$0+! KE!

H! /)2,1(#!I%*0'>! @F!Q"#! @'&.&.*9212W%/%1)* 3#!

Page 5: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!C! J0&0-'!/)2,1(#!I'%'0!1-!304%-)-! @;!

:F! /80!J)60!)*!50('1-%'1)-!"#%=0! @H!#J"#! $(&;:&1W*4%521-1X.*,-('&./*2.*2*$'21:*Y%'.-12;&)O* >J!#J"7! <A2;(2)&1W*)8%*$'21:*Y%'.-12;&)O*-?*4%521-1X.*,-('&./* >7!#J"!! Y'-/-)&1W*21:*92'S%)&1W*4%521-1*2.*2*,-('&.)*0%.)&12)&-1* >3!#J"3! ,8%*Z-;%*-?*R:A%')&.%/%1)*&1*92'S%)&1W*)8%*$'21:*L/2W%* >>!#J">! 0&A%'.&?O&1W*4%521-1X.*,-('&./*L1:(.)'O* 6J!#J"6! ,-('&./*P'-/-)&-1* 6!!

::! J1(K!<%-%=0#0-'!L6%-!*),!304%-)-M(!/)2,1(#!"-.2(',>! DD!##"#! ,-('&./*Y-;&MO*21:*[-/%;21:*D%M('&)O*&1*4%521-1* 6Q!

:;! 9)-&62(1)-! G:!

:?! N1461)=,%$8>! GA!

Page 6: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

F!!

: "-',).2&'1)-!

*%&!94)9(+&!(-!0%,+!0%&+,+!,+!0(!6,+$4++!%(N!0%&!c,B,'!M#)!ZFXEGdFXXD[J!0%&!N#)!,1!I4':!

LDDHJ! 0%&! #++#++,1#0,(1! (-! b),7&d;,1,+0&)! `#-,O! 8#),),! #16! 0&))(),+7! #$0+! ',O&!

<&90&7/&)!FFJ!%#B&!#--&$0&6!0(4),+7!,1!S&/#1(1P!

S&/#1(1! #00)#$0+! 0(4),+0+! -)(7! #)(416! 0%&! N()'6P! _0+! 9'&#+#10! N&#0%&)J! 1#04)#'!

+,2%0+&&,12J! ),$%! 0)#6,0,(1+! #16! $4'04)&! #16! &12#2&6! -,1#1$,#'! 0)#6&! 7#)O&0! %#B&!

$)&#0&6!#1!&1B,)(17&10!)&#6:!0(!/&!&1e(:&6!/:!-()&,21!B,+,0()+P!

*%&! S&/#1&+&! 2(B&)17&10!%#+! ,1B&+0&6! #16!N()O&6!(1!7#e()! 9)(e&$0+! ,1! ()6&)! 0(!

#$$&'&)#0&! 0%&! 9)(2)&++! (-! )&/4,'6,12! 0%&! $(410):Y+! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&! N,0%! 0%&!

&Q9&$0#0,(1+!0%#0!+4$%!#$0,(1+!N,''!0#O&!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!/#$O!0(!,0+!-()7&)!2'():P!

8(N&B&)J!)&$4))&10! ,1$,6&1$&+!(-!B,('&1$&!#16!0&))(),+7J! '#$O!(-!+&$4),0:J! '#124#2&!

/#)),&)+J!)4,1&6!9&)$&90,(1+J!$4'04)#'!/#)),&)+J!'(N!+0#16#)6!(-!#$$(77(6#0,(1+J!#16!

416&)6&B&'(9&6! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&! +0,''! 6&0&)! 9(0&10,#'! B,+,0()+! -)(7! B,+,0,12! S&/#1(1!

Z=#1+(J!LDDG[P!!

5$$()6,12!0(!6#0#!$(''&$0&6!-)(7!0%&!_10&)1#0,(1#'!;(1&0#):!?416!Z_;?[J0%&!N#)!#16!

0&))(),+7!#--&$0&6!1(0!(1':!0%&!0(4),+7!+&$0()J!/40!#'+(!0%&!&$(1(7,$!+&$0()J!'&#B,12!

S&/#1(1! ,1!#!/,2! -,1#1$,#'!6&/0J! +,1$&! 0%&)&!N#+!1(!7()&! ,1$(7&!-)(7!0%&!0(4),+0+!

#16!0%&!+&)B,$&d(),&10&6!/4+,1&++&+!ZR$(1(7:!M#0$%J!LDDX[P!

.1&!(-!0%&!9(++,/'&!+('40,(1+!0%#0!N,''!/&!6,+$4++&6!,1!0%,+!+046:!,+!0%&!4+&!(-!+&B&)#'!

$(7741,$#0,(1!0(('+!N,0%,1!7#)O&0,12!#6B&)0,+,12J!+,1$&!0%&!-($4+!(1!)&',#/'&!7#++d

7&6,#! +4$%! #+! 1&N+9#9&)+J! )#6,(J! 7#2#V,1&+J! 0%&! _10&)1&0! #16! 0%&! 0&'&B,+,(1! ,+!

$)4$,#'P! <0)&++,12! (1! 0%&! -4''! )&$(B&):! (-! 0(4),+7! ,1! S&/#1(1! ,1! ()6&)! 0(! &)#+&! 0%&!

,7#2&! 0%#0! 0%&!N#)! $)&#0&6J! #! '(0! (-! 9(+,0,B&! 94/',$,0:! ,+! &++&10,#'! 0(! +9)&#6! 0%&+&!

7&++#2&+! #16! (--&)! 9)(7(0,(1#'! #6B#10#2&+! #+! 9#)0! (-! #! 6&+0,1#0,(1! 7#)O&0,12!

$(7741,$#0,(1!$#79#,21!#+!N&''P!!

*%,+!9#9&)!N,''! #'+(! $(B&)!(0%&)!#'0&)1#0,B&+! ,1!6&#',12!N,0%! 0%,+! $%#''&12&J! +4$%!#+!

9)(7(0,12!S&/#1(1!#+!#!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1J!)&&+0#/',+%,12!0%&!S&/#1&+&!0,0'&!(-!0%&!

U<N,0V&)'#16! (-! 0%&! ;,66'&! R#+0W! #16! ,1$)&#+,12! 0%&! 0(4),+7! -'(NJ! #''! (-! N%,$%!

$(1+&T4&10':!'&#6!0(!0%&!,79)(B&7&10!(-!0%&!$(410):Y+!&$(1(7:P!

Page 7: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

L!!

*%&!9)(7(0,(1!#16!)&+0()#0,(1!(-!S&/#1(1!,1B('B&+!7#1:!-#$0()+!f!1(0!e4+0!9%:+,$#'J!

/40!#'+(!9(',0,$#'!f!#16!,1!()6&)!0(!#$%,&B&!0%&!&Q9&$0&6!2(#'+J!#! ',+0!(-!+9&$,-,$!#16!

+&B&)#'!(/e&$0,B&+!%#+!0(!/&!6&B&'(9&6P!

"),12,12! S&/#1(1! /#$O! 0(! ,0+! ('6! 9(+,0,(1! #+! 0%&! 0(9! 0(4),+7! 6&+0,1#0,(1! ,1! 0%&!

;,66'&!R#+0!N#+!#!'(12!)41!9)($&++J!#'0%(42%!,0!N#+!1(0!,79(++,/'&!0(!#$%,&B&P!!

; <0'8).)6)=>!

*%,+! +046:! N#+! $(164$0&6! ,1! 0%)&&! 9%#+&+^! F[! c(''&$0,12! +&$(16#):! 6#0#! -)(7! 0%&!

S&/#1&+&!;,1,+0):! (-! *(4),+7g! L[! _10&1+&! )&+&#)$%!(1! #)0,$'&+J! 94/',$#0,(1+J! /((O+J!

1&N+!#16!6#0#!#/(40! 0%&! 0(9,$g! #16!K[! #1#':V,12!#16! ,10&)9)&0,12! 0%&! -,16,12+!#16!

N),0,12! 0%&! 0%&+,+J! 9)&+&10,12! (40$(7&+! #16! 9(++,/'&! +('40,(1+P! *%&! 9#9&)! ,+!

0%&)&-()&! ',0&)#04)&! /#+&6P! <&$(16#):! 6#0#! ,+! 4+&6! 0(! +499()0! 0%&! 9)&+&10&6!

#)247&10+P!

? 304%-)-!!

S&/#1(1!2#,1&6!,16&9&16&1$&!,1!FXaK!#16!+0#)0&6!(9&)#0,12!,0+!(N1!2(B&)17&10!#+!

#!+(B&)&,21!+0#0&P!*%&!$(410):!,+!1(0!B&):!'#)2&J!#+!,0!$(B&)+!#1!#)&#!(-!#/(40!FDJaGL!

+T4#)&!O,'(7&0&)+P!

5'0%(42%! S&/#1(1!%#+! -#$&6!#! '(0!(-!41)&+0! -()! #! $(1+,6&)#/':! '(12!9&),(6!(-! 0,7&!

64&!0(!0%&!N#)+J!,0!,+!$4))&10':!)&$49&)#0,12!T4,$O':!#16!,+!)&2#,1,12!,0+!9)&B,(4+!2((6!

)&940#0,(1! #16! ,+! #,7,12! #0! )&2#,1,12! ,0+! 1#7&! #+! 0%&! U<N,0V&)'#16! (-! 0%&!;,66'&!

R#+0WP!3&+9,0&!0%&!-#$0!0%#0!0%&!$(410):!+4--&)&6!#!2)&#0!6&#'!(-!9)(9&)0:!6&+0)4$0,(1J!

,0! +0,''!%#+! +(7&0%,12! 0(!/(#+0J! +,1$&! ,0+!/&#40,-4'!7(410#,1(4+!+$&1&):!N#+!#'7(+0!

410(4$%&6P! *%&! $(410):! ,+! B&):! (90,7,+0,$! 0%#0! ,0! N,''! $(10,14&! #00)#$0,12! 7()&!

B,+,0()+!#16!0(4),+0+!0(!#!'&B&'!74$%!%,2%&)!0%#1!9),()!0(!0%&!&)490,(1!(-!N#)+P!!

*%&!2((6!0%,12!,+!0%#0J!-()!/(0%!0%&!)&+,6&10+!#16!0%&!0(4),+0+!,1%#/,0,12!0%&!$(410):J!

0%&)&!,+!B&):!',00'&!,1-'#0,(1!#16!0%&!9),$&+!(-!2((6+!#)&!)&#+(1#/'&!#16!#--()6#/'&!0(!

#''P! _1! 0&)7+! (-! &1B,)(17&10J! 0%&)&! ,+! 7#,10&1#1$&! (-! $'&#1',1&++! /:! 0%&! $(41$,'!

N()O&)+!&79'(:&6!,1!7(+0!0(4),+0!#)&#+!(-!0%&!$(410):!#16!(0%&)!9'#$&+!0%)(42%(40!

0%&!$(410):P!*%&!$(41$,'!&1+4)&+!0%#0!0%&!+#1,0#):!$(16,0,(1+!#)&!7#,10#,1&6!0(!0%&!

Page 8: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

K!!

)&T4,)&6! +&0! +0#16#)6+! 0(! #B(,6! 0%&! (40/)&#O! (-! B#),(4+! 6,+&#+&+! #16! ,''1&++&+!

)&'#0&6!0(!+#1,0#0,(1!ZS&/#1(1!*(4),+7J!LDDG[P!

*%&!)&+,6&10+!(-! 0%&!$(410):!#)&!B&):!%(+9,0#/'&!0(!#''! 0%&!B,+,0()+!#16!0%&:!6(!1(0!

6,+$),7,1#0&!#2#,1+0!$('()J!$4'04)&!()!)&',2,(1P!*%,+!,+!#!2)&#0!B#'4&!0(!0%&!$(410):J!#+!

B,+,0()+!$(10,14&!$(7,12!/#$O!#2#,1! 0(!&1e(:! 0%&!)&$&90,(1!0%#0!N#+!2,B&1!0(! 0%&7!

0%&!-,)+0!0,7&P!!

?O: N01,2'!P!/)2,1(#!50('1-%'1)-!

"&,)40!,+!0%&!S&/#1&+&!$#9,0#'!$,0:!N,0%!,1%#/,0#10+!0(0#',12!7()&!0%#1!#!7,'',(1P!*%&!

2&(2)#9%,$#'! +$&1&):!(-! 0%&!$,0:! ,+!B&):!#00)#$0,B&!N,0%!U#!2)&#0!9)(7(10():! e400,12!

,10(!0%&!/'4&!+&#!N,0%!6)#7#0,$!7(410#,1+!),+,12!/&%,16!,0P!"&,)40!N#+!#!$,0:!N,0%!#!

B&1&)#/'&!9#+0g!GJDDD!:&#)+!#2(!"&,)40!N#+!#!9)(+9&)(4+!0(N1!(1!0%&!c#1##1,0&!#16!

b%(&1,$,#1!$(#+0W!Z;,66'&!R#+0J!LDFD[P!

?)(7!0%&!%,+0():!(-!"&,)40J!N&!$#1!6)#N!+&B&)#'!$(1$'4+,(1+!#/(40!0%&!$,0:P!*%&!$,0:!

(B&)$#7&!0%&!$,B,'!N#)!0%#0!N#+!,1!9'#$&!-()!#'7(+0!(1&!#16!#!%#'-!6&$#6&+J!#16!,0!,+!

0%,+!+,04#0,(1!0%#0!'&6!0(!,0!/&,12!)&-&))&6!0(!#+!0%&!$,0:!0%#0!N,''!1(0!6,&P!!

!U*%&! $,0:!N#+! $(10,14(4+':! ,1%#/,0&6! -()!7,''&11,#J! 410,'! )&$&10':!7(+0! (-! 0%&! -&N!

#)$%#&('(2,$#'!6,+$(B&),&+!,1!"&,)40!N&)&!#$$,6&10#'P!8(N&B&)!0%&!N#)Y+!&16!,1!FXXF!

9)(B,6&6!(99()041,0:! -()!7()&!$(79)&%&1+,B&!#16!+$,&10,-,$! ,1B&+0,2#0,(1P!"&1&#0%!

0%&! )4,1&6! 6(N10(N1! #)&#J! N%,$%! ,+! 416&)! )&$(1+0)4$0,(1J! ',&! 0%&! )&7#,1+! (-!

.00(7#1J! ;#7'4O&J! c)4+#6&)J! 5//#+,6J! .7#::#6J! ":V#10,1&J! `(7#1J! b&)+,#1J!

b%(&1,$,#1!#16!c#1##1,0&!"&,)40P!M,0%!'4$O!#!2((6!9()0,(1!(-!"&,)40Y+!%,+0():!N,''!/&!

41$(B&)&6!/&-()&!)&$(1+0)4$0,(1!,+!$(79'&0&P!"&2,11,12!,1!FXXK!#)$%#&('(2,+0+!#16!

/4,'6&)+!/&2#1!$((9&)#0,12!(1!e4+0!+4$%!#!9)(e&$0P!*&#7+!-)(7!S&/#1&+&!#16!-()&,21!

,1+0,040,(1+!%#B&! -(416!+,21,-,$#10!)&7#,1+! -)(7!&#$%!(-!"&,)40Y+!%,+0(),$#'!9&),(6+W!

Z;,66'&!R#+0J!LDFD[P!

*%&! S&/#1&+&!2(B&)17&10!%#B&! ,79'&7&10&6! 0%&! '#41$%!(-!#! +&),&+!(-!&Q9&6,#0&6!

/4,'6,12J!#16!0%,+!#'+(!,1B('B&+!0%&!)&+0)4$04),12!(-!0%&!94/',$!+&)B,$&!,1-)#+0)4$04)&!

0(! O&&9! 0%&! $,0:! (1! ,0+! 0(&+! 0(! $(79&0&! N,0%! (0%&)! N()'6! $'#++! $,0,&+! (-! (0%&)!

$(410),&+!#+!-#)!#+!0(4),+7!,+!$(1$&)1&6P!!

34),12! 0%&! N#)+J! 0%&! $,0:! $&10&)! N#+! /#6':! 6#7#2&6! #16! N#+! 416&)! $(1+0)4$0,(1!

,77&6,#0&':!#-0&)N#)6+P!!

Page 9: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

a!!

U_1!0%&!)4,1&6!c,0:!c&10&)J!#!%42&!)&$(1+0)4$0,(1!9)(e&$0! ,+!416&)N#:!0(!$)&#0&!#!

1&N!$(77&)$,#'!#16! )&+,6&10,#'!6,+0),$0! -()! 0%&!F+0!$&104):P!c(77&)$&! ,+! +&$(16!

1#04)&! 0(!"&,)40Y+! )&+,6&10+J!N%(! '(12! #2(!6,+$(B&)&6! 0%#0! 0%&,)! 9()0! $,0:! (1! 0%&!

R#+0dM&+0! $)(++)(#6+! N#+! ,6&#'':! 9'#$&6! -()! 0)#6,12! #16! /4+,1&++! #''! O,16+P! 5!

/#1O,12! $&10&)! N,0%! -)&&! $4))&1$:! &Q$%#12&J! 0%&! $%,&-! &79'(:7&10! %&)&! ,+! ,1!

0)#6&J! /#1O,12J! $(1+0)4$0,(1J! ,79()0d&Q9()0! #16! +&)B,$&! ,164+0),&+W! Z;,66'&! R#+0J!

LDFD[P!

*%&! $,0:! $(7-()0#/':! &1e(:+! #1! #22)&++,B&! 9)&++! 0%#0! 94/',+%&+! 1&N+9#9&)+J!

7#2#V,1&+! #16! (0%&)! N),00&1! #)0,$'&+! ,1! B#),(4+! '#124#2&+! -()! &--,$,&10!

$(7741,$#0,(1!#16!0(!&1+4)&!0%#0! 0%&! ,1-()7#0,(1!0(!/&!$(7741,$#0&6!)&#$%&+!#!

2)&#0!147/&)!(-!)&+,6&10+!,1$'46,12!-()&,21&)+P!!

*%&!9&::;%*<2.)*92W2F&1%!6&+$),/&+!0%&!#6B#10#2&+!0%#0!7#O&!"&,)40!#1!#00)#$0,B&!

0(4),+7!6&+0,1#0,(1!#+!-(''(N+^!

U*%&! -'(4),+%,12! #)0! +$&1&J! ,1$'46,12! 0%&#0&)J! -,'7!7#O,12J!74+,$! #16! 9'#+0,$! #)0+!

#66+!0(!0%&!+&1+&!0%#0!,+!,16&&6!#!$,0:!(1!0%&!7(B&P!_0+!7#1:!#6B#10#2&+!#'+(!7#O&!

"&,)40! #! 1#04)#'! B&14&! -()! ,10&)1#0,(1#'J! )&2,(1#'! ()! '($#'! $(1-&)&1$&+! #16!

$(1B&10,(1+P!"&,)40Y+!b()0J! 0%&! '#)2&+0! ,1! 0%&!&#+0&)1!;&6,0&))#1&#1J! ,+!&T4,99&6!

0(! %#16'&! 0(1+! (-! -)&,2%0! #16! 9#++&12&)! B&++&'+P! ?4)0%&)! 496#0,12! (-! ,0+! /4+:!

-#$,',0,&+! N,''! /&! 7#6&! #+! 9#)0! (-! S&/#1(1Y+! 2&1&)#'! )&$(1+0)4$0,(1! 9'#1P! "&,)40!

_10&)1#0,(1#'! 5,)9()0J!N%,$%! +&)B&+! 0%&! 1#0,(1#'! $#)),&)!;,66'&! R#+0! 5,)',1&+J! #16!

147&)(4+!-()&,21!#,)',1&+J!N,''!%#B&!#1!#114#'!$#9#$,0:!(-!+,Q!7,'',(1!9#++&12&)+!/:!

0%&!+0#)0!(-!0%&!LF+0!$&104):W!Z;,66'&!R#+0J!LDFD[P!

?O:O: I0&2,1'>!"((20!%-.!J0(',1&'1)-(!%**0&'1-=!/)2,1('(!

*%&! $(410):! #'+(! ,79(+&+! +(7&! )&+0),$0,(1+! 0(! &10):! 0(! $&)0#,1! ,16,B,64#'+P! *%&+&!

,1$'46&!U%('6&)+!(-!_+)#&',!9#++9()0+J!%('6&)+!(-!9#++9()0+!$(10#,1,12!#!B,+#!-()!_+)#&'J!

B#',6! ()! &Q9,)&6J! 4+&6! ()! 414+&6J! #16! 9#++9()0+! N,0%! &10):! +0#79+! 0(! _+)#&'W!

ZS&/#1(1!*(4),+7J!LDDG[P!

*%&! 7#,1! )&#+(1! N%:! 0%&! $(410):! )&+0),$0+! &10):! ,+! -()! +&$4),0:! 94)9(+&+P! *%&!

$(410):!%#+!0(!6&6,$#0&!,0+&'-!0(!9)(0&$0,12!0%&!9&(9'&!#0!'#)2&J!#16!,-!0%&:!#)&!2(,12!

0(!#''(N!&10):!(-!1(1d0)4+0&6!,16,B,64#'+!N%(!0%&:!/&',&B&!#)&!0%&,)!&1&7,&+J!1(0%,12!

N,''!%#B&!0(!/&!&Q9'#,1&6!0(!0%&!94/',$!,-!#1:0%,12!0)#2,$!%#99&1+!ZS&/#1(1!*(4),+7J!

LDDG[P!!

Page 10: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

G!!

;#00&)+!(-!+&$4),0:!#)&!B&):!$)4$,#'J!&+9&$,#'':!N%&1!,0!$(7&+!0(!0(4),+7P!5+!74$%!#+!

0%&!0(4),+0+!/),12!-()&,21!&Q$%#12&!0(!0%&!$(410):J!0%&:!$#1!#'+(!/&!%#)7-4'!0(!0%&!

)&+,6&10+! (-! 0%&! $(410):J! #+! +(7&!(-! 0%&7!7#:!7#1#2&! 0(!9#B&! 0%&,)!N#:! ,1!N,0%!

%#)7-4'!N&#9(1+P!!

*%&)&-()&J!/&-()&!#1:!0(4),+0+!#)&!#''(N&6!,10(!0%&!$(410):J!0%&:!%#B&!0(!9)&+&10!#''!

'&2#'!6($47&10+!7&10,(1&6J!#16!0%&:!#)&!0%()(42%':!,1+9&$0&6!0(!&1+4)&!0%#0!0%&:!

#)&! %#)7'&++! /&-()&! #''(N,12! 0%&7! ,1P! 5-0&)! 0%,+J! 0%&:! #)&! #++4)&6! (-! +&$4),0:! #16!

9)(0&$0,(1! -)(7! /&,12! %#)7&6! /:! )&+,6&10+! N%(! +(7&0,7&+! 7#:! 04)1! (40! 0(! /&!

%(+0,'&P!_1!$#+&!0%&!B,+#!()!0%&!9#++9()0!&Q9,)&+!#16!0%&!0(4),+0!-&&'+!0%#0!0%&:!1&&6!

0(!+0#:!'(12&)J!0%&:!#)&!#''(N&6!0(!)&1&N!0%&!6($47&10!(1!0%&!$(16,0,(1!0%#0!0%&:!

N,''!7#,10#,1!,10&2),0:!N%,'&!,1!0%&!$(410):P!!

@ /)2,1(#!

*%&! M()'6! *(4),+7! ()2#1,V#0,(1! 6&-,1&+! 0(4),+7! #+! $(79),+,12! 0%&! #$0,B,0,&+! (-!

9&(9'&! 0)#B&',12! 0(! 9'#$&+! 0%#0! #)&! 1(0! N,0%,1! 0%&,)! 1()7#'! &1B,)(17&10! #16! 0%&!

9&),(6!(-!0)#B&'!#16!+0#:!6(&+!1(0!2(!(1!-()!7()&!0%#0!#!$(1+&$40,B&!:&#)P!*%&!0)#B&'!

0(!0%&!9'#$&!,+!-()!94)9(+&+!(-!'&,+4)&J!/4+,1&++!0)#B&'!#16!(0%&)!+4$%!#$0,B,0,&+!ZM*.J!

LDDLJ!9P!X[P!!

*%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! ,+! #'+(! $(79),+&6! (-! 0%&! (0%&)! -#$0()+! 0%#0! ,1$'46&!

0)#1+9()0#0,(1J!/((O,12!#16!0)#B&'!#2&10+J!#$$(77(6#0,(1J!-((6!#16!/&B&)#2&J!#16!

(0%&)!9)(64$0! ,164+0),&+P!*%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! ,+!4+4#'':!#!B&):!B,0#'! $(79(1&10!(-!

0%&!1#0,(1Y+!&$(1(7:!#16!%#+!7#1:!+($,#'!/&1&-,0+!#+!N&''P!!

*(4),+7!&--&$0+!#)&!&Q9&),&1$&6!(1!#!2'(/#'! +$#'&P!5$$()6,12! 0(! 0%&!M*.J! ,1!LDDHJ!

0%&! #)),B#'! (-! ,10&)1#0,(1#'! 0(4),+0+! -)(7! #''! (B&)! 0%&! 2'(/&! 147/&)&6! #/(40! hGH!

7,'',(1!,16,B,64#'+J!#!,1$)&#+&!-)(7!hDK!7,'',(1!9&(9'&!,1!LDDG!ZM*.J!LDDEJ!9PK[P!!

*%,+!)&+4'0&6!,1!0%&!+,21,-,$#10!,1$)&#+&!,1!0%&!)&B&14&!)&#',V&6!/:!0%&!,164+0):!(-!EKK!

/,'',(1!6(''#)+!,1!LDDGJ!49!-)(7!HEH!/,'',(1!,1!0%&!9)&B,(4+!:&#)!ZM*.J!LDDE[P!?404)&!

9)&6,$0,(1+!-()!0%&!,164+0):!+%(N!$(10,14(4+!&Q9#1+,(1!#16!0%&!,164+0):Y+!+,21,-,$#10!

$(10),/40,(1!0(!0%&!2'(/#'!&$(1(7:!#16!9)(B,+,(1!(-!e(/+P!!

Page 11: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

H!!

5+!0%&!,164+0):!&Q9#16+!2'(/#'':J!0%&!+,04#0,(1!,+!#'+(!/&,12!&Q9&),&1$&6!,1!S&/#1(1Y+!

0(4),+7!,164+0):P!c(1B&)+&':J!0%&!$(410):Y+!%,+0():!7#O&+!0%&!0(4),+7!+&$0()!#!B&):!

-)#2,'&!,164+0):J!N%,$%!,1!0%&!9#+0!%#+!/&&1!B4'1&)#/'&!#16!&Q9&),&1$&6!#!6&$',1&!#+!

#!)&+4'0!(-!N#)+J!0&))(),+0!,1$,6&10+J!9(',0,$#'!41)&+0!#16!0%&!9(+0!XiFF!&--&$0+!Z5/#6,&!

\!>#)6&#V#/#'J!LDDK[P!!

@O: /)2,1(#!1-!304%-)-!

;#1:! $(410),&+! #$)(++! 0%&! 2'(/&! )&':! (1! 0(4),+7! #+! #! +,21,-,$#10! &'&7&10! (-! 0%&!

1#0,(1#'! &$(1(7:! #16! #! 7&#1+! -()! 0%&! $(410):! 0(! 9)(46':! +%(N! ,0+&'-! 0(!

,10&)1#0,(1#'!B,+,0()+!Z=1(N'&+J!\!R'd;(4)%#/,J!LDDF[P!!

S&/#1(1! ,+! (1&! +4$%! $(410):!N%&)&! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! ,+! +0,''! 416&)2(,12! 6&B&'d

(97&10!#16!,+!:&0!0(!#$%,&B&!,0+!$#9#$,0:!-()!,10&)1#0,(1#'!B,+,0()+P!*%&!-,+$#'!)('&!(-!

0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):! ,1!S&/#1(1!%#+!#'N#:+!/&&1!9&)$&,B&6!#+!$),0,$#'J!0%(42%!(B&)!

0,7&J! 0%&! ,164+0):! %#+! /&&1! 7#))&6! /:! B,('&1$&! /)(42%0! #/(40! /:! 0%&! $,B,'! N#)J!

9(',0,$#'!41)&+0!#16!0%&!1&N!2'(/#'!9%&1(7&1(1!(-!0&))(),+7!ZS#6O,J!\!3#%J!FXXE[P!

*%&!$(410):Y+!&$(1(7:!%#+!+4--&)&6!#!+,21,-,$#10!6&$',1&J!N%,$%!N#+!%&#B,':!)&',#10!

(1! ,10&)1#0,(1#'! 0(4),+7P! *%(42%! 1(0! B&):! '#)2&J! 0%&! +0#0&! (-! S&/#1(1! %#+! 7#1:!

0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1+!0%#0!,1$'46&!#1$,&10!)4,1+J!-'()#!#16!-#41#J!9%:+,$#'!-&#04)&+!',O&!

&Q9#1+,B&! 7(410#,1+! &0$P! S&/#1&+&! $4'04)&! ,+! #'+(! #1! #00)#$0,B&! -&#04)&! -()!

,10&)1#0,(1#'! 0(4),+0+! -)(7! /(0%! 0%&! N&+0&)1! $(410),&+! #16! 0%&! 5)#/! 1#0,(1+!

ZC()O(17##J!FXXG[P!

*%&! )&2)&00#/'&! +,04#0,(1! (-! 9(',0,$#'! 41)&+0! ,1! S&/#1(1! %#+! &1+4)&6! 0%#0! S&/#1(1!

6(&+!1(0! )&#$%! ,0!9(0&10,#'! -()! 0(4),+0!B,+,0()+P!*%&!%,+0():!(-! 0%&!$(410):!%#+!/&&1!

/'&7,+%&6! /:! $(1+0#10! B,('&1$&J! N%,$%! %#+! %,16&)&6! 0%&! )&24'#)! 2)(N0%! #16!

&Q9#1+,(1! (-! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! Z;#6,J! FXhF[P! _10&)1#0,(1#'! B,+,0()+! %#B&! +0#:&6!

#N#:! -)(7! 0%&! $(410):! 64&! 0(! -&#)+J! N%,$%! %#B&! N()+&1&6! 64&! 0(! 0%&! 9(',0,$#'!

+,04#0,(1+J!B,('&1$&J!#16!0&))(),+7!#00#$O+!($$4),12!,1!(0%&)!$(410),&+!,1!0%&!;,66'&!

R#+0!f!#!+,04#0,(1!0%#0!%#+!$(7&!0(!/&!O1(N1!#+!0%&!1&,2%/()%((6!&--&$0!Z`(/&)0+(1J!

LDDHg!*#)'(NJ!LDDK[P!?4)0%&)7()&J!7&6,#!$(B&)#2&!f!/(0%!'($#'!#16!,10&)1#0,(1#'!f

%#+!&Q#$&)/#0&6!0%&!+,04#0,(1!/:!/'(N,12!0%&!+,04#0,(1+!(40!(-!9)(9()0,(1P!!

34),12!6,--&)&10!+0#2&+!,1!0,7&J!S&/#1(1Y+!0(4),+7!,164+0):!%#+!&Q9&),&1$&6!9&),(6+!

(-! +,21,-,$#10! 6&$',1&! #16! 9&),(6+! (-! 2)(N0%! #16! +4/+&T4&10! )&$(B&):! -)(7! 0%&!

Page 12: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

E!!

&--&$0+!(-! 0&))(),+7J!9(',0,$#'!41)&+0!#16! 0%&!$,B,'!N#)! ZS#6O,J!\!<#6,OJ!LDDa[P! _1! 0%&!

9#+0J! 0%&! 7&#+4)&+! 416&)0#O&1! 0(! -,Q! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! ,1! S&/#1(1! N&)&! 1(0!

#'N#:+!+4,0#/'&!()!&--&$0,B&J!#16!$(410&)!7&#+4)&+!N&)&!(-0&1!0((!'#0&! ,1!)&9#,),12!

0%&! 6#7#2&! 6&#'0! (1! 0%&! ,164+0):P! 8(N&B&)J! )&$&10! 0,7&+! %#B&! +&&1! $((9&)#0,(1!

-)(7! 0%&! 2(B&)17&10J! 9),B#0&! +&$0()! #16! &B&1! 1(1d2(B&)17&10#'! +($,&0,&+J!N%,$%!

%#+!,1$)&#+&6!0%&!147/&)!(-!0(4),+0+!B,+,0,12!0%&!$(410):!Z=,+,)N#1,J!LDDK[P!

*%&)&! %#B&! /&&1! ,1$)&#+&6! 7#)O&0,12! +0)#0&2,&+J! 0%&! 6&B&'(97&10! (-! $),+,+!

7#1#2&7&10!+0)#0&2,&+J!,1!#66,0,(1#'!0(!&64$#0,(1#'!9)(2)#7+!#,7&6!#0!/((+0,12!0%&!

0(4),+7!,164+0):!#16!$4)/,12!0%&!1&2#0,B&!&--&$0+!0%#0!0&))(),+7!#16!9(',0,$#'!41)&+0!

%#B&!%#6!(1!0%&!S&/#1&+&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!Z=,+,)N#1,J!LDDK[P!

5'0%(42%!S&/#1(1!%#+!1(0!&Q9&),&1$&6!#!+,7,'#)!$(1+,+0&1$:! ',O&!(0%&)!$(410),&+! ,1!

0%&! N()'6! ,1! 0&)7+! (-! 2)(N0%! #16! &Q9#1+,(1! (-! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):J! -404)&!

9)&6,$0,(1+! ,16,$#0&!0%#0!0%&!$(410):!,+!/(416!0(!&Q9&),&1$&!,1$)&#+&6!0(4),+7!#16!

0%,+!,+!&Q9&$0&6!,1!0%&!1(0!+(!6,+0#10!-404)&P!!

@O; /)2,1(#!1-!'80!<1..60!Q%('!

*%&!2&1&)#'!9&)$&90,(1!#/(40! 0%&!;,66'&!R#+0! ,+! 0%#0! 0%&!&10,)&!)&2,(1! ,+!41+0#/'&P!

*)#B&'!#2&10+!-)(7!0%&!M&+0!6(!1(0!#$0,B&':!9)(7(0&!0)#B&'!0(!0%&!;,66'&!R#+0!64&!

0(!0%&!(B&)N%&'7,12!9&)$&90,(1!(-!0%&!)&2,(1!#+!/&,12!41+#-&J!&+9&$,#'':!-()!0(4),+0+!

-)(7! 0%&!M&+0&)1! $(410),&+P! _1! 0%,+! )&2#)6J! 0%&! 9)(7(0&)+! #16! 0(4)! #2&10+! ,1! 0%&!

;,66'&! R#+0! #)&! $%#''&12&6! N,0%! 0%&! 0#O+! 0(! $(410&)! 0%&! &--&$0! (-! 0%&! 1&2#0,B&!

9&)$&90,(1! 2,B&1! 0(! 0%&! )&2,(1! #16! 0%&! 1&2#0,B&! 7&6,#! -($4+! Z3)#O(+J! \! =40#1J!

LDDK[P!*%&!9)(7(0&)+!%#B&!0%&!$%#''&12&!0(!%,2%',2%0!0%&!9(+,0,B&!#+9&$0+!(-!0(4),+7!

,1! 0%&! )&2,(1P! c(410&),12! 1&2#0,B&! 9&)$&90,(1+! ,+! $),0,$#'! -()! 0%&! ,79)(B&6!

9&)-()7#1$&!(-!0%&!0(4),+7!+&$0()!,1!0%&!)&2,(1P!*%,+!,+!/&$#4+&!0%&!9&)$&90,(1!(-!#!

)&2,(1!,+!$()&!0(!0%&!9(+,0,B&!()!1&2#0,B&!9&)-()7#1$&!(-!0%&!,164+0):P!!

*%&! ;,66'&! R#+0! )&2,(1! %#+! #00&+0&6! 0(! 0%,+! -#$0! 64),12! 147&)(4+! ($$#+,(1+P! 51!

,1$,6&10! (-! $(1-',$0! ()! #1! #$0! (-! 0&))(),+7! ,1! (1&! '($#0,(1! ,+! (-0&1! ,10&)9)&0&6! #+!

($$4)),12!,1!0%&!N%('&!)&2,(1!Z3)#O(+J\!=40#1J!LDDK[P!*%,+!%#+!/&&1!0%&!$#+&!64),12!

0%&! S&/#1&+&J! _+)#&',J! _)#T,! #16! (0%&)! $(1-',$0+! 0%#0! %#B&! ($$4))&6! ,1! 0%&! )&2,(1P!

M%&1!#!$(1-',$0!/)&#O+!(40!,1!0%&!;,66'&!R#+0J!0%&)&!,+!#!+4/+&T4&10!6&$',1&!,1!0%&!

0(4),+7!,164+0):!&B&1!0%&!0%(42%!0%&!+&$0()!N#+!+%(N,12!,79)(B&7&10+!/&-()&!0%&!

Page 13: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

h!!

(40/)&#OP!5+! #! )&+4'0!(-! 0%&+&!1&2#0,B&!&--&$0+!(1! 0%&! ,164+0):J! ,0! (-0&1! 0#O&! +(7&!

+,21,-,$#10!0,7&!0(!)&$(B&)J!0%4+!7#O,12!0%&!)&2,(1!41#/'&!0(!)&#',V&!,0+!-4''!9(0&10,#'!

-()!,10&)1#0,(1#'!B,+,0()+P!!

*%&! #1+N&)! 0(! 7#O,12! #! 6)#7#0,$! )&$(B&):! (-! 0%&! 9&)-()7#1$&! (-! 0%&! 0(4),+0!

,164+0):! ,1! 0%&! )&2,(1! ,1! 0%&! #-0&)7#0%! (-! N#)-#)&J! $(1-',$0! ()! 0&))(),+0! #00#$O+! ,+!

0%)(42%! 0%&! )&',#/'&! #16! $(1$)&0&! 9&)$&90,(1! 0%#0! 0%&! )&2,(1! ,+! ,16&&6! +#-&! #16!

B,#/'&! #+! #! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1! Zc%&1! \! c%&1J! LDDK[P! *%,+! $#1! /&! 6(1&! 0%)(42%!

)&/4,'6,12!0%&!$(1-,6&1$&!(-!0(4)!(9&)#0()+!#16!9(0&10,#'!B,+,0()+!0(!0%&!)&2,(1J!0%#0!

0%&,)! +#-&0:! ,+!#++4)&6J!#+!N&''! #+! 0%&! )&2,(1Y+!#/,',0:! 0(!(--&)! 0(4),+0+!#!N()'6d$'#++!

&Q9&),&1$&P!!

_0! ,+! ,79&)#0,B&!0%#0!0%&!2(B&)17&10+!(-!0%&!$(410),&+!-#$,12!#!$),+,+! ,1!0%&!0(4),+7!

,164+0):! ,1! 0%&! #-0&)7#0%! (-! $(1-',$0! O&&9! #''! +0#O&%('6&)+! N&''! B&)+&6! ,1! #''! 0%&!

9)($&++&+!#16!9)($&64)&+!0%#0!#)&!/&,12!,79'&7&10&6!0(!)&+0()&!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!#+!

#!9)&-&))&6!(90,(1!-()!0(4),+0+!Z3)#O(+!\!=40#1J!LDDK[P!*%&!+0#O&%('6&)+!,1$'46&!0%&!

7&6,#J!/(0%!,10&)1#0,(1#'!#16!'($#'J!0(4)!(9&)#0()+!#16!0%&!9)(+9&$0,B&!0)#B&'&)+P!_1!

0%&! $#+&! (-! 0)#B&'! #6B,+(),&+! 0%#0! #)&! ,++4&6! /:! $(410),&+! #2#,1+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1+!

$(1+,6&)&6! 41+#-&! -()! 0%&,)! $,0,V&1+J! 6,9'(7#0,$! 1&2(0,#0,(1+! +%(4'6! /&! &12#2&6P!

*)#B&'!#6B,+(),&+!#2#,1+0!$(410),&+!,1!0%&!;,66'&!R#+0!#--&$0!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):J!#+!

0%&!147/&)!(-! 0(4),+0+Y! #)),B#'+!6&$)&#+&+! ,1! 0%&! $#+&!N%&1! 0%&,)! +#-&0:! $#11(0!/&!

#++4)&6P!*(!)&+0()&!0%&!$(1-,6&1$&!(-!0(4),+0+!0)#B&',12!0(!0%&!;,66'&!R#+0&)1!)&2,(1!

64),12! #16! #-0&)! $(1-',$0! ,1! +9&$,-,$! #)&#+J! 0(4)! (9&)#0()+! -)(7! /(0%! 0%&! )&2,(1! #+!

N&''! #+! (0%&)! 9#)0+! (-! 0%&! 2'(/&! +%(4'6! /&! &1$(4)#2&6! 0(! 9)(7(0&! 0%&! )&2,(1! 0(!

9(0&10,#'!0)#B&'&)+!Z3)#O(+!\!=40#1J!LDDK[P!*%&!#2&10+!+%(4'6!/&!(--&)&6!,1$&10,B&+!

0%#0! N,''! &1$(4)#2&! 0%&7! 0(! #$0,B&':! &12#2&! ,1! 9)(7(0,12! 0%&! )&2,(1! 0(! 0)#B&'&)+!

-)(7!0%&!M&+0P!

*%&!;,66'&! R#+0! %#+! /&&1! ,1B&+0,12! #! '(0! (-! &--()0! ,1! ()6&)! 0(! #00)#$0! #''! O,16+! (-!

0(4),+0+! -)(7! '&,+4)&! 0(! /4+,1&++! 0)#B&'&)+P! ;(147&10#'! $(1+0)4$0,(1+J! %42&!

#00)#$0,(1+J! -#10#+:'#16+J! ),$%! $4'04)&! #16! 9&$4',#)! 0)#6,0,(1+! #)&! +(7&! (-! 0%&,)!

+9&$,#'!$%#)#$0&),+0,$+P!

_1!LDDXJ!0(4),+7!,1!0%&!;,66'&!R#+0!%#+!&Q9&),&1$&6!#!+,21,-,$#10!2)(N0%J!O&&9,12!,0+!

/),2%0!+9(0!0(N#)6+!0%&!)&+0!(-!0%&!N()'6!Z5;R,1-(J!LDDX[P!

Page 14: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

X!!

3#0#! $(''&$0&6! -)(7! <*`! >'(/#'! Z<7,0%! *)#B&'! `&+&#)$%[! /&0N&&1! F+0! I#14#):! #16!

KF+0!3&$&7/&)!LDDX!9)(B,6&6! 0%&+&+! +0#0,+0,$+^! 0%&!%(0&'+! ,1! 0%&!;,66'&!R#+0!%#B&!

)&#$%&6!0%&!%,2%&+0!($$49#1$:!)#0&J!#B&)#2&!)((7!)#0&!9)(-,0!#16!)&Bb5`!d!)&B&14&!

9&)! #B#,'#/'&! )((7! d! 2'(/#'':! ,1! LDDXJ! #$$()6,12! 0(!3&'(,00&J! 0%&! /4+,1&++! #6B,+():!

-,)7!Z5;R,1-(J!LDFD[P!

*%&!#,)! 0)#--,$! ,1!0%&!;,66'&!R#+0!%#+!#'+(! ,1$)&#+&6J!#16!#!2((6!&Q#79'&!(-!0%#0! ,+!

0%#0! ,0+!640:! -)&&!+9(0!N#+!0%&!(1':!(1&!0(!+%(N!#!+,21,-,$#10!2)(N0%! ,1! 0%&!)&2,(1!

$(79#)&6!0(!(0%&)!1#0,(1+!ZS,2#:#J!LDDX[P!

*#O,12!0%&!&Q#79'&!(-!S&/#1(1J!,1!LDDX!0%&!$(410):!+%(N&6!#!$(1+,6&)#/'&!2)(N0%!

,1!#)),B#'+! Z#99)(Q,7#0&':!LPDDDPDDD!#)),B#'+[J!64&! 0(!+&B&)#'! -#$0()+!+4$%!#+!9&#$&J!

+0#/,',0:!#16!0%&!-#+0!6&B&'(97&10!(-!+&B&)#'!'($#0,(1+!+4))(416,12!"&,)40!#16!(0%&)!

$,0,&+!ZS&/#1&+&!;,1,+0):!(-!*(4),+7J!LDDX[P!

RB&1! 0%(42%! 0%&! 2'(/#'! &$(1(7,$! $),+,+! -(''(N&6! /:! 0%&! 8FCF! B,)4+! %#B&! +'(N&6!

6(N1! 0%&! 147/&)! (-! 0(4),+0! #)),B#'+! ,1! 0%&! ;,66'&! R#+0J! 0%&! jCM*.! 9)&6,$0+! #!

2)(N0%! )#0&! (-! 7()&! 0%#1! 6(4/'&! 0(! 0%,+! )&2,(1! /:! LDLD! $(79#)&6! 0(! 0%&! (0%&)!

N()'6N,6&!6&+0,1#0,(1+!Z"416%41J!LDDX[P!

A /80!"#$%&'(!)*!'80!91B16!+%,!)-!/)2,1(#!1-!304%-)-!

AO: /)2,1(#! 40*),0! '80! 91B16! +%,! P! 304%-)-! R/80! IS1'T0,6%-.! )*!

<1..60!Q%('R!

*%&! S&/#1&+&! 0,0'&! U<N,0V&)'#16! (-! ;,66'&! R#+0W! $#7&! 64&! 0(! 0%&! KD! :&#)+! (-!

#/416#1$&!#16!9)(+9&),0:!0%#0!0%&!$(410):!&Q9&),&1$&6!/&-()&!0%&!$,B,'!N#)!ZFXEGd

FXXD[P!*(4),+7!N#+!(1&!(-! 0%&!7(+0! ,79()0#10!+(4)$&+!(-! ,1$(7&!0(! 0%&!$(410):Y+!

&$(1(7:!,1!#66,0,(1!0(!0%&!7#21,-,$&10!2)(N0%!,1!#2),$4'04)&P!!":!0%#0!0,7&J!/&-()&!

0%&! N#)J! 0%&! $(410):! N#+! N&''! O1(N1! N()'6N,6&! -()! ,0+! -,1#1$,#'J! /#1O,12! #16!

/4+,1&++! 9('(! 0(4),+7P! "&,)40J! #+! #! 0)&16:J! 7(6&)1! #16! (1&! (-! 0%&! 7(+0! (9&1d

7,16&6! $,0,&+! ,1! 0%&! )&2,(1J! N#+! $(1+,6&)&6! 0(! /&! 0%&! Ub#),+! (-! 0%&!;,66'&! R#+0W!

ZS&/#1&+&!>'(/#'!_1-()7#0,(1!c&10&)J!LDDG[P!!

Page 15: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

FD!!

!

D-('M%\*9&1&.)'O*-?*,-('&./*+*4%521-1"*

34),12! 0%&! 9)&d$,B,'! N#)! &)#! N%&1! S&/#1(1! N#+! O1(N1! #+! 0%&! <N,0V&)'#16! (-! 0%&!

;,66'&!R#+0J! ,0!N#+!#!/4+,1&++!#16!-,1#1$,#'!$&10&)!N%&)&!0(4),+0+!#16!/4+,1&++7&1!

-)(7!#)(416!0%&!2'(/&!$(4'6!&1e(:! 0%&! 0(4),+0!#00)#$0,(1+!()!$(164$0!/4+,1&++! ,1!#!

)&'#0,B&':! 9&#$&-4'! #16! $(164$,B&! #07(+9%&)&! ZS&/#1(1J! LDDh[P! *%&! $(410):Y+!

B,+,0()+! #'+(! %#6! 0%&! (99()041,0:! 0(! &Q9'()&! #16! &Q9&),&1$&! 0%&! 41,T4&!

;&6,0&))#1&#1!$4'04)&J!N%,$%!#0!0%&!0,7&!%#6!1(0!/&&1!,10&)-&)&6!N,0%J!6,+9'#$&6!()!

6,'40&6! /:! 0%&! ,1-'4&1$&+! (-! N#)J! $(1-',$0! #16! B,('&1$&P! S&/#1(1! &1e(:&6! #! 2((6!

6&+0,1#0,(1!,7#2&!#16!N#+!9&)$&,B&6!/:!9(0&10,#'!B,+,0()+!#+!#1!#1$,&10!$4'04)#'!#16!

%,+0(),$#'! 6&+0,1#0,(1! 0%#0! 2#B&! 0%&! B,+,0()+! 0%#0! 41,T4&! &Q9&),&1$&! 0%#0! 6)#N+!

0)#B&'&)+!0(!#!9#)0,$4'#)!6&+0,1#0,(1P!

]&#)+! (-! $(1-',$0J! N#)J! 9(',0,$#'! ,1+0#/,',0:! #16! 0&))(),+0! #00#$O+! %#B&! $(10,14#'':!

6&2)#6&6! #16! 416&)7,1&6! 0%&! $(410):! #+! #! 9(94'#)! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1! ZM,'O+J!

b&16&)2#+0!\!S&22#0J!LDDH[P!34),12!#16!#-0&)!0%&!$,B,'!N#)J!0%&!$(410):!'(+0!,0+!2'():!

#16!$(4'6!1(!'(12&)!/&!',O&1&6!0(!,0+!1#7&+#O&J!<N,0V&)'#16P!<N,0V&)'#16!,+!#!$(410):!

#16! #'+(! #+! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1! O1(N1! -()! ,0+! +0#/,',0:J!N%,$%! %#+! &Q,+0&6!N,0%,1! ,0+!

/()6&)+!-()!%416)&6+!(-!:&#)+P!*%&!$(410):!,+!O1(N1!#+!&1e(:,12!)&'#0,B&!9&#$&!-()!#!

'(12! 9&),(6! 0%#1! #1:! $(410):! ,1! 0%&! N()'6J! #16! -()! 0%&! S&/#1(1! 0(! %#B&! /&&1!

/)#16&6!0%,+! 0,0'&!(-!<N,0V&)'#16!(-! 0%&!;,66'&!R#+0!N#+! ,16&&6!#1!%(1()#/'&! 0,0'&J!

Page 16: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

FF!!

N%,$%!2#B&!$(1-,6&1$&!0(!9(0&10,#'!B,+,0()+J!&+9&$,#'':!0%(+&!-)(7!N&+0&)1!$(410),&+P!

<N,0V&)'#16! ,+! #! $(410):! 0%#0! &1e(:+! #! 41,T4&! /#1O,12! +:+0&7! O1(N1! #''! (B&)! 0%&!

2'(/&! -()! ,0+! 6,+$)&0,(1! #16! &Q$&90,(1#'! +&)B,$&P! *%&! $(410):! ,+! #'+(! O1(N1! -()!

9)&$,+&1&++!N%&1!/4+,1&++! ,+! $(164$0&6!#16!&Q$&&6+! 0%&!&Q9&$0#0,(1+!(-! #''! /&,12!

+&)B&6! /:! 0%&! +:+0&7P! _1! 0%,+! )&2#)6J! 9)&d$,B,'! N#)! S&/#1(1! #'+(! &1e(:&6! 7(+0! (-!

0%&+&!#00),/40&+P!"4+,1&++!9&(9'&! -)(7!#)(416! 0%&!N()'6!$(12)&2#0&6! ,1!"&,)40! -()!

$(1-&)&1$&+! #16! ,1B&+07&10! 94)9(+&+J! #+! 0%&,)! ,1B&+07&10+! N&)&! +#-&24#)6&6! /:!

0%&!$(410):Y+!+0#/'&!9(',0,$#'!#07(+9%&)&!ZS&/#1(1J!LDDh[P!

AO; 91B16!+%,!U:CGAV:CCFW!

*%&! 7#,1! )&',2,(1+! 9)#$0,$&6! ,1! S&/#1(1! #)&! c%),+0,#1,0:! #16! _+'#7P! *%&!

6&1(7,1#0,(1+! (-! c%),+0,#1,0:J! 7#,1':! >)&&O! .)0%(6(QJ! b)(0&+0#10J! 5)7&1,#1! #16!

;#)(1,0&J! 7#O&! 49! #/(40! -()0:! 9&)$&10! (-! 0%&! $(410):Y+! 9(94'#0,(1P! _+'#7! #'+(!

#$$(410+!#/(40!-()0:!9&)$&10J!#16!(0%&)!)&',2,(1+!#$$(410!-()!0%&!)&7#,1,12!0N&10:!

9&)$&10!ZS&/#1(1!*(4),+7J!LDDG[P!

*%&!,++4&!(-!)&',2,(1!%#+!1(0!/&&1!#!$(1+0)#,10!0(!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!#0!#''P!*%,+!,+!

/&$#4+&!0%&!$(410):!%#+!#!B#),&0:!(-!)&',2,(4+!6&1(7,1#0,(1+!0%#0!+4,0!0%&!,10&)&+0!(-!

0%(+&! (-! 7#1:! $4'04)#'! /#$O2)(416+! B,+,0,12! 0%&! $(410):P! `&',2,(1! ,1! S&/#1(1! %#+!

9)(7(0&6! 7()#'! B#'4&! #! '(0P! *%&! -)&&6(7! (-! N()+%,9! %#+! /&&1! 2)#10&6! ,1! 0%&!

$(410):J! N%,$%! 2,B&+! &B&):! ,16,B,64#'! #1! (99()041,0:! 0(! N()+%,9! %(N! %&! ()! +%&!

$%((+&+!9)(B,6&6!0%&!,++4&!(-!$4'0+!6(&+!1(0!#),+&!ZS&/#1(1!*(4),+7J!LDDG[P!

3&+9,0&! N,0%! 0%,+! -)&&6(7! (-! N()+%,9J! 0%&! $(410):! %#+! 1(0! /&&1! -)&&! (-! )&',2,(4+!

$(1-',$0+!N%,$%!0%&!$,B,'!N#)!6&7(1+0)#0&6J!N%&1!0%&!$(1-',$0!9#)0,&+!N&)&!+&9#)#0&6!

#'(12! )&',2,(4+! #16! &0%1,$! ',1&+P! *%&)&! ,+! 1(! #2)&&7&10! /&0N&&1! +$%('#)+! #16!

)&+&#)$%&)+!(1!N%#0!N#+!0%&!)&#'!$#4+&!(-!0%&!S&/#1&+&!$,B,'!N#)J!/40!N%#0!,+!$&)0#,1!

,+!0%#0!0%&!N#)!+0#)0&6!(1!FK!59),'!FXEGJ!#-0&)!0%&!-#,'&6!#++#++,1#0,(1!#00&790!(-!0%&!

;#)(1,0&! '&#6&)! #16! &Qd9)&+,6&10! (-! S&/#1(1J! b,&))&! >&7#:&'J! /:! b#'&+0,1,#1!

2417&1J! N%,$%! &16&6! N,0%! 0%&! 6&#0%! (-! %,+! /(6:24#)6! I(+&9%! 5/4! 5++,! Z>%#V,J!

FXXE[P!

_1! )&+9(1+&! 0(! 0%,+! $),7&J! 0%&!7#++#$)&!()! U5,1d&'d`&77#1&%W! ,1$,6&10!%#99&1&6J!

N%&1!#!/4+!N,0%!b#'&+0,1,#1!9#++&12&)+!N#+!+%(0!/:!;#)(1,0&+!(1!,0+!N#:!/#$O!-)(7!

Page 17: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

FL!!

#! $(1-&)&1$&! 0(! 0%&! )&-42&&! $#79! ,1! U5,1d&'d`&77#1&%WJ! N%,$%! N#+! #! c%),+0,#1!

)&2,(1!'($#0&6!,1!0%&!&#+0!(-!"&,)40J!O,'',12!LH!b#'&+0,1,#1+!Z>%#V,J!FXXE[P!

_1! #66,0,(1! 0(! 0%&! -#,'&6! #++#++,1#0,(1! (-! 0%&! &Qd9)&+,6&10! b,&))&!>&7#:&'! #16! 0%&!

U5,1dR'k`&77#1&%W! ,1$,6&10J! 0%&!6,+0,1$0,(1+!/&0N&&1! 0%&!c%),+0,#1+!#16!;4+',7+!

)#,+&6!64&!0(!0N(!-#$0()+^!0%&!;#)(1,0&+Y!9(N&)!N#+!$(10)('',12!0%&!$(410):g!#16!0%&!

'#$O! (-! ,10&)&+0! ,1! 0%&! 6&B&'(97&10! (-! 0%&! ;4+',7+! #)&#+P! *%&+&! N&)&! &1(42%!

)&#+(1+!0(!+0#)0!0%&!$,B,'!N#)!,1!S&/#1(1P!

*%&!$,B,'!N#)!/&2#1!(1!FK!59),'!FXEG!#-0&)!0%,+! ,1$,6&10!/&0N&&1!0%&!c%),+0,#1+!#16!

0%&! b#'&+0,1,#1+P! _0! '#+0&6! -()! FE! :&#)+P! .1&! :&#)! '#0&)J! ,1! I41&! FXEHJ! 0%&! <:),#1+!

e(,1&6!0%&!$,B,'!N#)!,1!()6&)!0(!+499()0!0%&!c%),+0,#1+!#2#,1+0!0%&!b#'&+0,1&!S,/&)#0,(1!

.)2#1,V#0,(1!#16! 0%&!b)(2)&++,B&! <($,#',+0! b#)0:!416&)! 0%&!3)4V&! $(77#16J!N%,$%!

+&)B&6!#+!#1!&--&$0,B&!7,',0,#P!*%&!bS.!&10&)&6! 0%&!N#)! ,1!()6&)! Ul0(! )&24'#0&! 0%&!

#$0,B,0,&+!(-!b#'&+0,1,#1!()2#1,V#0,(1+!,1!S&/#1(1l!W!Zb#'&+0,1&!?#$0+!M&/+,0&J!LDFD[P!

_1! I#14#):! FXhXJ! #! +,Qd7&7/&)! $(77,00&&! (1! S&/#1(1! N#+! $%(+&1! /:! 0%&! 5)#/!

S&#24&J!N%,$%!N#+!24,6&6!/:!0%&!=4N#,0,!-()&,21!7,1,+0&)!0(!-,16!#!+('40,(1!#16!+0(9!

0%&! $,B,'! N#)P! 5-0&)! +&B&)#'! 6,+$4++,(1+J! 0%&! $(77,00&&! ()2#1,V&6! #! $(1-&)&1$&! (-!

S&/#1&+&!9#)',#7&10#),#1+! ,1!*#,-J! <#46,!5)#/,#J! 0(! +046:! 0%&!*#,-! #2)&&7&10P! ! *%&!

#2)&&7&10!N#+!'#0&)!#99)(B&6!/:!0%&!S&/#1&+&!6&940,&+!#-0&)!)&04)1,12!0(!S&/#1(1!

-)(7!0%&!$(1-&)&1$&!Z>%#V,J!FXXE[P!

*%&!2(#'+!(-!0%&!*#,-!#2)&&7&10^!Z=)#:&7J!LDDK[P!

• <0(9!0%&!$,B,'!N#)!

• 3&$,6&!49(1!0%&!5)#/!,6&10,0:!(-!S&/#1(1!!

• ;#O&! +4)&! 0%#0! S&/#1(1! ,+! #1! ,16&9&16&10J! +(B&)&,21J! -)&&! $(410):! #16!

U-,1#'!%(7&'#16W!-()!#''!S&/#1&+&!

• c'&#)!0%&!1#0,(1Y+!9(',0,$#'!()2#1,V#0,(1!#+!#!9#)',#7&10#):!6&7($)#$:!

• ;#O&!0%&!+($,(d&$(1(7,$!+:+0&7!#!-)&&!&$(1(7:!!

<,21,-,$#10!#$%,&B&7&10+!%#B&!/&&1!)&$(21,V&6!#-0&)!+,21,12!0%&!*#,-!#2)&&7&10^!

Z=)#:&7J!LDDK[P!

• *%&!N#)!$#7&!0(!#1!&16P!!

• ;(+0!(-!0%&!S&/#1&+&!$,0,V&1+!)&04)1&6!0(!0%&,)!1()7#'!6#,':!',-&P!

Page 18: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

FK!!

• <0#0&!,1+0,040,(1+!)&+0()&6!0%&,)!#40(1(7:P!

• *%&!#)7:!/&$#7&!,10&2)#0&6P!!

• *%&!&$(1(7,$!6&$',1&!N#+!$(10)(''&6P!!

*%&! FXEG! f! FXXD! $,B,'! N#)! 6&+0)(:&6! S&/#1(1Y+! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&! #16! 6#7#2&6! ,0+!

&$(1(7:P! <,1$&! S&/#1(1Y+! &$(1(7:!#16! 0%&! -'(4),+%,12!(-! ,0+! 0(4),+0,$! +&$0()! ,+! +(!

$(11&0&6!0(!,0+!9(',0,$#'!+0#/,',0:J!0%&!0(4),+7!+&$0()!N#+!0(0#'':!)4,1&6P!!*%&!$(410):!

(1':! %#6! FhDJDDD! B,+,0()+! ,1! FXXLJ! (1&! :&#)! #-0&)! 0%&! &16! (-! 0%&! $,B,'! N#)J! #+!

$(79#)&6!0(!LPa!7,'',(1!B,+,0()+!/&-()&!0%&!$,B,'!N#)P!*%&!S&/#1&+&!2(B&)17&10!N#+!

6,+0)&++&6!N,0%! 0%&! )&1&N#'!(-!6(7&+0,$!7#14-#$04),12J!7#,1':! 0%&! 0(4),+7! +&$0()!

0%#0! 7#6&! LDm! (-! 0%&! $(410):Y+! >3b! /&-()&! 0%&! $,B,'! N#)! ZS#6O,! \! <#6,OJ! LDDa[P!

"&'(NJ!0%&!2)#9%!-#$,',0#0&+!0%&!B,+4#',V#0,(1P!

!

D-('M%\*9&1&.)'O*-?*,-('&./*+*4%521-1"*

*%&! $(410):! &1e(:&6! T4,0&! #! %,2%! 04)1(B&)! (-! ,10&)1#0,(1#'! 0(4),+0! #)),B#'+J! #+!

)&B&14&! -)(7! 0%&! 0(4),+0! ,164+0):! (-! 0%&! $(410):! $(10),/40&6! +,21,-,$#10':! 0(! 0%&!

>3bP!M%&1!0%&!$,B,'!N#)!/&2#1J!7(+0J!,-!1(0!#''J!(-!0%&!,1-)#+0)4$04)&!0%#0!+4+0#,1&6!

0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!N#+!6&+0)(:&6!#16!0%&!,164+0):!$(''#9+&6P!*%,+!7&#10!#!'(++!,1!

)&B&14&! +(4)$&+! -()! 0%&! 2(B&)17&10J! #16! 0%&! 6&B&'(97&10! #16! )&/4,'6,12! (-!

,1-)#+0)4$04)&! 0%#0! %#6!/&&1!6&+0)(:&6! $(4'6!1(0!/&!6(1&! -#+0! &1(42%!64&! 0(! 0%&!

41#B#,'#/,',0:! (-! )&B&14&P! *%&)&-()&J! 0%&! N#)! 1(0! (1':! 6&+0)(:&6! 0%&! &Q,+0,12!

Page 19: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

Fa!!

,1-)#+0)4$04)&!#16!$(10),/40&6!0(!0%&!$(''#9+&!(-!0%&! ,164+0):! ,1!0%&!$(410):J!/40! ,0!

#'+(! 7#6&! +4/+&T4&10! )&$(B&):! &Q0)&7&':! 6,--,$4'0! ZM,'O+J! b&16&)2#+0! \! S&22#0J!

LDDH[P!`&$(B&):! 0%&)&-()&!0((O! '(12&)!N%&1!0%&!2(B&)17&10!#16!0%&! ,164+0):!%#6!

0#O&1!(B&)!)&%#/,',0#0,(1!#16!)&/4,'6,12!9)(e&$0+P!*%&!)&+4'0+!N&)&!416(1&!%(N&B&)!

/:!+4/+&T4&10!B,('&1$&J!0&))(),+0!#00#$O!#16!N#)+P!

AO? /)2,1(#!%*'0,!'80!91B16!+%,!

5-0&)! 0%&!N#)! &16&6J! 0(4),+7! +0#)0&6!6&B&'(9,12! #2#,1J! #16! 0%,+! 0,7&J! 0%&! $(410):!

+0#)0&6! )&$&,B,12! #! +9&$,#'! O,16! (-! 0(4),+0! $#''&6! 0%&! U$4),(4+! 0(4),+0WP! b&(9'&!N%(!

N&10!0(!S&/#1(1!n!N#10&6!0(!+&&!0%&!9(+0!N#)!$(1+&T4&1$&+J!%(N!',-&!N#+!#-0&)!0%&!

N#)!#16!%(N!0%&!/4,'6,12+!'((O&6!',O&!Z`#+$%O#J!FXXL[P!U*%&!`4++,#1+!#)&1Y0!$(7,12J!

/40! 0%&!?)&1$%J!<(40%!5-),$#1+J! I#9#1&+&J!>)&&O+!#16!c('(7/,#1+!#)&P!*%&:!#)&!#''!

-'($O,12!0(!+&&!N%#0!9(+0!N#)!S&/#1(1!'((O+!',O&W!Z`#+$%O#J!FXXL[P!!

*%&!N#)!1(0!(1':!9)&B&10&6!S&/#1(1!-)(7!-(''(N,12!0(4),+7!)4'&+!0%#0!#++&7/'&!0%&!

&B&)f$%#12,12! N#10+! (-! 0%&! ,10&)1#0,(1#'! 0(4),+0J! /40! ,0! #'+(! -()7&6! #! '(0! (-!

9)(/'&7+^!

• 5''! 0%&! 0(4),+7! #$0,B,0,&+! 0%#0! N&)&! 9)&B,(4+':! %&#6,12! 0(! S&/#1(1! N&)&!

0)#1+-&))&6!0(!c:9)4+J!*4)O&:!#16!R2:90P!!

• 5! '(0! (-! R4)(9&#1! $(410),&+!N&)&! 2,B&1! #! $%(,$&! (-! ,1$&10,B&+! 0(! 9)(7(0&!

1#0,(1#'!#16!'($#'!0(4),+7P!!

5''!(-!0%&+&!9)(/'&7+!'&#6!0%&!0(4),+0!0(!0%,1O!/&-()&!0)#B&',12!0(!S&/#1(1!#16!7#6&!

0%&!0),9!0(!S&/#1(1!416&+,)#/'&P!!

34&! 0(! S&/#1(1Y+! 9)(/'&7!64),12! ,0+! +&B&)#'!N#)+! #16! $(1-',$0+J! +&B&)#'!>4'-! $,0,&+!

',O&!34/#,J!"#%)#,1!#16!5/4!3%#/,!)&9'#$&6!"&,)40!#+!#!7#,1!9'#:2)(416!6&+0,1#0,(1!

,1!0%&!;,66'&!R#+0J!&+9&$,#'':!#7(12!0%&!N&#'0%:!5)#/!0(4),+0+!Z;,66'&!R#+0J!LDDD[P!

*(4),+7!,1$)&#+&6!+,21,-,$#10':!0%&!,1!0%&+&!#)&#+J!'&#B,12!S&/#1(1!:&#)+!#N#:!-)(7!

6&B&'(97&10P! *%&! N#)! 0%#0! '#+0&6! -,-0&&1! :&#)+J! /&+,6&+! 9%:+,$#'':! 6&+0)(:,12! 0%&!

$(410):J!#'7(+0!$(79'&0&':!O,''&6!,0+!&$(1(7:P!*(4),+7J!N%,$%!N#+!(1&!(-!0%&!7#,1!

+(4)$&+! (-! 6,)&$0! ,1$(7&J! B#1,+%&6! -()! #! '(12! 9&),(6J! #16! 0%&! 9(',0,$#'! #16!

2(B&)17&10! +&$0()+! $(''#9+&6P! _1! #66,0,(1! 0(! 0%&! ',B&+! '(+0! #16! 0%(+&! N%(! N&)&!

,1e4)&6J!0%&!-,1#1$,#'!6#7#2&J!#7(410&6!0(!#99)(Q,7#0&':!jo!G!/,'',(1!ZC()O(17##J!

FXXG[P!!

Page 20: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

FG!!

5''! 0%&! 9#)0+! (-! 0%&! ,164+0):! ,1! S&/#1(1! +4$%! #+! %(0&'+J! 9()0+J! #,)9()0+J! #16! 0)#B&'!

#2&1$,&+!N&)&!#--&$0&6!/:!0%&!$,B,'!N#)!Z>%#V,J!FXXE[P!

5$$()6,12!0(!0%&!S&/#1&+&!8(0&'!.N1&)+!5++($,#0,(1J!FaG!%(0&'+!N&)&!6#7#2&6J!#16!

,1! "&,)40J! 0%&! 147/&)! (-! %(0&'+! %#6! -#''&1! -)(7! FKD! 0(! aaP! *%&! $(10),/40,(1! (-!

0(4),+7!0(!0%&!>CbJ!N%,$%!N#+!LD!m!/&-()&!0%&!$,B,'!N#)J!6&$',1&6!0(!EPamP!_1!FXEEJ!

B,+,0()+! +9&10! (1':! aHXJLEL! 1,2%0+! ,1! "&,)40! FXEX! $(79#)&6! 0(! LJKDEJFLL! 1,2%0+! ,1!

FXEaJ!N%,$%!N#+!9),()!0(!0%&!$,B,'!N#)!ZS#6O,!\!<#6,OJ!FXXE[P!!

*%&!;,66'&!R#+0!5,)',1&+!%#6!#99)(Q,7#0&':!oELD!7,'',(1!,1!'(++&+!64),12!FXhFdLDDF!

64&!0(!0%&!$,B,'!N#)P!_1!FXhLJ!0%&:!N&)&!-()$&6!0(!$'(+&!-()!FFG!6#:+!#16!-,B&!#,)$)#-0+!

N&)&!6&+0)(:&6!Z_12)#7J!LDDH[P!

!

D-('M%\*9&1&.)'O*-?*,-('&./*+*4%521-1"*

5-0&)!0%&!&16!(-!0%&!N#)!,1!FXXDJ!0%&!$(410):!N#+!)&#6:!0(!+0#)0! ,0+!)&$(1+0)4$0,(1J!

/&2,11,12! N,0%! 0%&! 2(B&)17&10P! S&/#1(1! &'&$0&6! #! 9)&+,6&10! Z-()! 0%&! 9#)',#7&10!

#16!-()!0%&!)&94/',$[J!#16!0%&!)&+0)4$04),12!(-!0%&!#)7:!-(''(N&6!0%,+P!_1!FXXLJ!#-0&)!

0%&!&'&$0,(1!(-!b),7&!;,1,+0&)!`#-,O!8#),),J!#!)&#'!&$(1(7,$!9'#1!O1(N1!#+!U8(),V(1!

LDDDWN#+!6&+,21&6!#16!9)(9(+&6^!!

U*%&!9'#1J!O1(N1!#+!p8(),V(1!LDDDpJ!#$04#'':!$(1+,+0+!(-!+&$4),12J!(B&)!0%&!9&),(6!

FXXGdLDDEJ! #! $474'#0,B&! B('47&! (-! 94/',$! ,1B&+07&10+! (-! o! Fh! /,'',(1P! *%&+&!

,1B&+07&10+! #)&! &+0,7#0&6! #$$()6,12! 0(! #1! &$(1(7&0),$! +,74'#0,(1! 7(6&'! 0(!

2&1&)#0&!64),12!0%&!+#7&!9&),(6!,1!0%&!9),B#0&!+&$0()!,1B&+07&10+!(-!o!aL!/,'',(1P!

*%&+&!,1B&+07&10+!#)&!&Q9&$0&6!0(!7#,10#,1!#1!#B&)#2&!#114#'!>3b!2)(N0%!)#0&!(-!

Page 21: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

FH!!

h!9&)!$&10P!*%,+! ,1!04)1!+%(4'6!)#,+&!S&/#1(1q+! ,1$(7&! '&B&'! 0(!0%&!499&)! ',7,0!(-!

0%&!7,66'&d,1$(7&!$(410),&+W!ZC()O(17##J!FXXG[P!!!

*%&!;,1,+0):! (-! *(4),+7! +0#)0&6! #! '#)2&! #++()07&10! (-! #$0,(1+! /&0N&&1! FXXK! #16!

FXXa^!Z=#1+(J!LDDG[P!!

• `&#$0,B#0,12!9'#1+!#16!6&#'+!N,0%!/()6&),12!$(410),&+! 0(!+N,0$%!(B&)! 0)#B&'!

0(4)+!N&)&!4+&6!0(!#00)#$0!#!'(0!(-!B,+,0()+!#!:&#)!!

• S((O,12! -()! ,164+0),#'!#16! -,1#1$,#'! +499()0! -)(7!)&2,(1#'!#16! ,10&)1#0,(1#'!

()2#1,V#0,(1+!0(!#$$(79',+%!6&B&'(97&10!9)(e&$0+!!

• 3&B&'(9,12! #! 0(4),+0! 6#0#/#+&! 0(! 9)&+&10! +0#0,+0,$+! (1! 0%&! 9&)$&10#2&! (-!

0)#B&'&)+! #16! B,+,0()+! (-! 0(4),+0! 9(+,0,(1+! #16! -(''(N! 49! (-! 0%&! /4+,1&++!

9&)-()7#1$&!,1!0%&!,164+0):!!

• <,Q! 0(4),+7! /4)&#4+! ,1! 5)#/! #16! N&+0&)1! $&10&)+! )&+47&6! 0%&,)! #$0,B,0,&+!

#-0&)!0%&:!N&)&!$'(+&6!-()!#!9&),(6!(-!0,7&!!

• c&'&/)#0,12!0%&!)&,1+0#''#0,(1!(-!0%&!'($#'!#16!0%&!,10&)1#0,(1#'!-&+0,B#'+P!

• _1+0)4$0,12!&79'(:&&+!-()!#''!0%&!e(/+!0%#0!#)&!)&'#0&6!0(!0%&!0(4),+7!+&$0()!

',O&!%(0&'+J!)&+0#4)#10+!#16!#''!0%&!#00)#$0,(1!9'#$&+P!!!

• *%&!(9&1,12!(-!I&,0#!2)(00(J!N%,$%!,+!1(N!(9&)#0&6!/:!)&$&10!0&$%1('(2:!!

"&0N&&1!FXXF!#16!FXXHJ!0%&!6&B&'(97&10!#16!0%&!)&$(1+0)4$0,(1!9)($&++!#$%,&B&6!

+,21,-,$#10! '&B&'+J! )&#$%,12! #1! #B&)#2&! 2)(N0%! (-! HPG! 9&)$&10! ,1! 0%&! >3bP!;(+0! (-!

0%&+&!$(1+0)4$0,(1+!N&)&!9#,6!-()!N,0%!%42&!+47+!(-!9),B#0&!,1B&+07&10+!+9(1+()&6!

/:! 0%&! S&/#1&+&! &7,2)#10+! #16! >4'-! 5)#/+! N%(! N&)&! #++,21&6! 0(! )&/4,'6! 0%&!

,1%#/,0&6!#16!7#)O&0#/'&!/4,'6,12+!6&+0)(:&6!64),12!0%&!N#)!Z`&94/',$!(-!S&/#1(1J!

LDFD[P!!

_1! FXXHJ! 8&V/(''#%J! 0%&! 9(',0,$#'! #16! _+'#7,+0! 7,',0#):! ()2#1,V#0,(1J! 6&$,6&6! 0(!

+499()0! 0%&!;,1,+0):! (-! *(4),+7! ,1! ()6&)! 0(! %&'9! 0%&! )&,1B,2()#0,(1! (-! 0%&! `(7#1!

0&79'&! (-! "##'/&O! ,1! "&O#! A#''&:J! #! 7#e()! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1! ,1! S&/#1(1P! *%,+!

7&#+4)&! N#+! 9#)0! (-! 0%&,)! +0)#0&2,$! 9'#1! ,1! ()6&)! 0(! $%#12&! 0%&,)! ,7#2&! 0(N#)6+!

0(4),+0+!#16!$,0,V&1+J!#16!0(!)&,1B&10!0%&7!1(0!(1':!#+!#!9(',0,$#'!2)(49!/40!#'+(!#+!#!

+&$4)&!#16! ,16,2&1(4+!+($,#'!#16!$4'04)#'!()2#1,V#0,(1P!8(N&B&)J!0%&!j1,0&6!<0#0&+!

2(B&)17&10!$(10,14&6! 0(! ,10&)$&90! 0%&,)! $,0,V&1+! -)(7!0)#B&',12! 0(!S&/#1(1J!N%,'+0!

8&V/(''#%!N#+!+0,''!#)7&6!Z*%&(6(4'(4J!FXXH[P!!

Page 22: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

FE!!

5$$()6,12! 0(! 8&:&)J! ,1! FXXXJ! 0%&! )&B&14&! 2&1&)#0&6! -)(7! 0(4),+7! #$0,B,0,&+!

$(10),/40&6!EPKm!0(!0%&!>3b!#16!U#1!#B&)#2&!2)(N0%!(-!Fa!9&)$&10!/&0N&&1!FXXG!

#16!FXXX!9)(B&6!S&/#1(1Y+!0(4),+7!N#+!/#$O!(1!0)#$OW!Z8&:&)J!LDDX[P!8(N&B&)J!64&!

0(!_+)#&',!#,)!+0),O&+J!0%&!,164+0):!+&$0()!N#+!9)&e46,$&6!#2#,1!,1!LDDD!Z8&:&)J!LDDX[P!!

D E26>!;FFD!+%,!

DO: "-',).2&'1)-!

*%,+!N#)!,+!O1(N1!#+!0%&!LDDH!_+)#&'d8&V/(''#%!M#)P!_0!+0#)0&6!(1!FL!I4':!LDDHJ!#16!

&16&6!,1!h!<&90&7/&)!LDDHP!*%&!$'#+%!+0#)0&6!N%&1!8&V/(''#%!0)#B&)+&6!,10(!_+)#&'!

#16! #00#$O&6! #1! _+)#&',! 3&-&1+&! ?()$&! Z_3?[P! *%&:! O,''&6! 0%)&&! (-! 0%&! #)7&6! #16!

O,61#99&6!0%&!(0%&)!0N(!#16!N&10!/#$O!N,0%!0%&!9),+(1&)+!0(!0%&!+(40%!(-!S&/#1(1P!

5-0&)! 0%#0J! 0%&! '&#6&)!(-!8&V/(''#%J!8#++#!C#+)#''#%J! #11(41$&6! 0%#0! 0%&!9),+(1&)+!

N&)&!0#O&1!-()!0%&!94)9(+&!(-!&Q$%#12,12!%(+0#2&+!N,0%!_+)#&'P!?)(7!0%&!(0%&)!+,6&J!

_+)#&'Y+! b),7&!;,1,+0&)J! R%46!.'7&)0J! +0#0&6! 0%#0! 0%&! )&+9(1+&!N(4'6!/&! #1! #$0! (-!

N#)!(1!S&/#1(1!#16!#++4)&!0%#0!N,''!/&!#!+04)6:!N#)!Z_1/#)J!LDDE[P!

DO; /)2,1(#!N0*),0!E26>!;FFD!+%,!

"&-()&! LDDHJ! ,0!N#+! -()&$#+0&6! 0%#0! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! (-! S&/#1(1!N#+! 2(,12! 0(!

#00)#$0! 7()&! 0%#1! FPE! 7,'',(1! 0(4),+0+! Zc,0),1($J! LDDL[P! *%&! S&/#1&+&! 2(B&)17&10!

&Q0&1+,B&':! )&9#,)&6! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&J! N%,$%! N#+! 6&+0)(:&6! 64),12! 0%&! $,B,'! N#)! #16!

(0%&)!&1+4,12! $(1-',$0+P! *%&! $(410):Y+! $#9,0#'J!"&,)40J!N#+!N&''! (1! ,0+!9#0%! 0(N#)6+!

)&+0(),12!,0+!'(+0!2'():!0%#0!,0!%#6!,1!9)&d$,B,'!N#)!6#:+P!!

*%&!#00#$O+!/:!_+)#&'!(1!0%&!#,)9()0!,1!"&,)40J!6&+0)4$0,(1!(-!)(#6+!#16!,1-)#+0)4$04)&J!

#16! 0%&! /'($O#6&! 0%#0! N#+! '#41$%&6! (1! 0%&! $(#+0#'! 9()0+! (-! 0%&! $(410):! 6&#'0! #!

%&#B:! /'(N! (1! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! (-! 0%&! $(410):! Zc,0),1($J! LDDL[P! *%&+&! LDDH!

#00#$O+!6&+0)(:&6! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&!N()0%!/,'',(1+!(-! 6(''#)+J! ,1! #66,0,(1! 0(! $400,12!(--!

0%&!$(410):!-)(7!0%&!N()'6P!RB&1!#-0&)!0%&!&16!(-!0%&!#00#$O+J!)&/4,'6,12!0((O!#!'(12!

0,7&J!#16!)&+0(),12!0%&!$(410):Y+!,7#2&!#+!#!9(94'#)!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1!N(4'6!0#O&!

&B&1!'(12&)P!!

Page 23: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

Fh!!

"&-()&! 0%&!7,',0#):! #$0,(1! 416&)0#O&1! /:! _+)#&'! #2#,1+0! S&/#1(1J! 0%&! $(410):! N#+!

/&2,11,12! 0(! )&$(B&)! 0%&! ,7#2&! 0%#0! ,0! %#6!KD! :&#)+! #2(P! _+)#&'!N#+!#'+(!#6B&)+&':!

#--&$0&6!/:!0%&!$(1-',$0!/&0N&&1!0%&!0N(!$(410),&+P!

5-0&)! #''! 0%&! 6#7#2&! 0%#0! N#+! $#4+&6! /:! 0%&! $,B,'! N#)J! S&/#1(1! )&/4,'0! #16!

6&B&'(9&6! ,0+! 0(4),+7! -)(7! FXXL! 410,'! LDDGP! S&/#1(1! N#+! #2#,1! )&+4)-#$,12! (1!

0(4),+7!7#9P!*%&!$(410):!N#+!#2#,1!)&#6:!0(!)&$&,B&!(B&)!hKDJDDD!B,+,0()+!,1!LDDFJ!#!

2)(N0%!(-! FKm!(B&)! LDDDP! RB&):0%,12! +0#)0&6! #2#,1!f! ($$49#1$:! ,1! 0%&!%(0&'+!N#+!

B&):!%,2%J!#16!0(4),+0+! -)(7!#''!(B&)! 0%&!N()'6!N&)&! ,1! 0%&!+0)&&0+!B,+,0,12!0%&!1&N!

"&,)40!Zc,0),1(0J!LDDL[P!!

!

D-('M%\*]%2'5--S*-?*,-('&./*D)2)&.)&M.*02)2*7JJJI7JJ3I7JJ6*<:&)&-1*^*]%2'5--S*-?*,-('&./*

D)2)&.)&M.*02)2*7JJ!I7JJ=*+*7JJG*<:&)&-1"*

*%&! 2(B&)17&10! )&/4,'0! &B&):0%,12P! `&+0#4)#10+! +0#)0&6! (9&1,12! #2#,1! &B&):! :&#)g!

-&+0,B#'+!N&)&!0#O,12!9'#$&!,1!6,--&)&10!#)&#+!',O&!"##'/&O!#16!"&,0!&'!3,1&P!34),12!0%&!

+477&)J!#''!0%&!9),B#0&!/&#$%&+!)&$&,B&6!#!'(0!(-!$',&10+!-)(7!#''!(B&)!0%&!N()'6!N%(!

&1e(:&6!0%&!9'&#+#10!$',7#0&!#16!#!+410#1P!

"&-()&!0%&!N#)!+0#)0&6!,1!I4':!LDDHJ!0%&!%(0&'+!N&)&!#'7(+0!-4'':!/((O&6g!0%&)&!N&)&!

1(!#B#,'#/'&!9'#$&+!0(!+0#:!()!#B#,'#/'&!-',2%0+!0(!$(7&!0(!"&,)40P!*%&!9),$&+!+0#)0&6!

,1$)&#+,12!64&!0(!0%&!%,2%!6&7#16P!*%&!S&/#1&+&!;,1,+0):!(-!*(4),+7!N#+!&Q9&$0,12!

7()&! 0%#1! FPH! 7,'',(1! 0(4),+0+J! #16! 0%&! ,164+0):! &79'(:&6! (B&)! FGDJDDD! 9&(9'&!

Z>%#66#)J!LDDE[P!

Page 24: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

FX!!

;(+0!(-!0%&!0(4),+0+!N&)&!-)(7!0%&!24'-!$(410),&+P!*%&:!4+4#'':!$#7&!0(!S&/#1(1!0(!

+9&16! 0%&,)! %(',6#:+! #16! &1e(:! 0%&! -((6J! N&#0%&)! #16J! (-! $(4)+&J! 0%&! %(+9,0#/'&!

9&(9'&P!!<(7&!(-!0%&7!/(42%0!#9#)07&10+!#16!B,''#+!,1!S&/#1(1J!+(!0%&:!$(4'6!$(7&!

N%&1&B&)!0%&:!N#10!Z*&#)+!-()!S&/#1(1J!LDDE[P!5''!0%&!)&+0#4)#10+!,1!0%&!6(N10(N1!

#)&#! N&)&! $)(N6&6J! #16! #''! 0%&! +,2%0+&&,12! #16! #00)#$0,(1+! N&)&! -4'':! /((O&6P!

"((O,12!,1!#6B#1$&!N#+!7#16#0():!-()!#1:(1&!N%(!N#10&6!0(!+0#:!,1!#!+9&$,#'!9'#$&!

Z*&#)+! -()! S&/#1(1J! LDDE[P! *%&! 0)#--,$! ,1! 0%&! $,0:!N#+! +,21,-,$#10':! /,2J! #16! ,0! 0((O!

%(4)+!0(!6),B&!-)(7!(1&!9'#$&!0(!#1(0%&)P!c(1+&T4&10':J!0#Q,!6),B&)+!0((O!#6B#10#2&!

(-! 0%,+! +,04#0,(1! +0#)0&6! ,1$)&#+,12! 0%&,)! ,1$(7&!N,0%! 0%&! 0(4),+0+! Z>%#66#)J! LDDE[P!

*(4),+7!,1!S&/#1(1!9)(+9&)&6!#2#,1!#-0&)!+&B&10&&1!:&#)+!(-!N#)!#16!6#7#2&P!!

DO? /)2,1(#!%*'0,!E26>!;FFD!+%,!

*%&!LDDH!N#)!%#+!#!%42&!,79#$0!(1!S&/#1(1Y+!&$(1(7:J!&1B,)(17&10!#16!(-!$(4)+&!

0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):P!*%&!,1-)#+0)4$04)&!N#+!6#7#2&6J!&+9&$,#'':!,1!0%&!+(40%!N%&)&!

0%&! $(1-',$0! N#+P! *%&! 41&79'(:7&10! )#0&! ,1$)&#+&6! +,1$&! 7(+0! (-! 0%&! ,164+0),&+!

$'(+&6!0%&,)!6(()+!#16!-,)&6!0%&,)!&79'(:&&+!ZjC3bJ!LDDh[P!

S&/#1(1! (1$&! #2#,1! %#6! 0%&! 7#)2,1#',V&6! ,7#2&! (-! N#)! #16! ,1+&$4),0:P! *(4),+0+!

-&#)&6!2(,12!0(!0%&!$(410):!#2#,1P!S&/#1(1Y+!0(4),+7!N&10!/#$O!0(!9(,10!V&)(!#2#,1!

Z<(4&,6J! LDDH[P! .1&! (-! 0%&!7(+0! ,79()0#10! ,79#$0+! 0%#0! 0%,+! N#)! '&-0! N#+! (1! 0%&!

&1B,)(17&10P! _+)#&',! e&0!/(7/&6! 0%&! -4&'! 0#1O+!#0! 0%&! I,:&%!9(N&)! +0#0,(1! +,04#0&6!

0%,)0:!O,'(7&0&)+!+(40%!(-!"&,)40J!0%4+!$#4+,12!FDJDDD!0(!FGJDDD!0(1+!(-!-4&'!0(!'&#O!

,10(! 0%&! ;&6,0&))#1&#1! +&#J! )&#$%,12! 0N&10:d0N(! (B&)! FGD! O,'(7&0&)+! (40+,6&! (-!

S&/#1(1J!#'(12!0%&!<:),#1!+&#+%()&!#16!*4)O,+%!#16!c:9),(0!N#0&)+!Z<%&B0+(BJ!LDDE[P!

_0! 0((O! #'7(+0! 0N(! 7(10%+! -()! 0%&! S&/#1&+&! 2(B&)17&10! 0(! +0#)0! 0%&! $'&#1,12!

9)($&64)&P! _1! 0%&!7&#1! 0,7&J!7(+0!(-! 0%&!(,'! +#1O!#16!6&+0)(:&6! 0%&! +&#! ',-&! 0%#0!

N#+! 0%&! +(4)$&! (-! ',B&',%((6! (-! #! '(0! (-! S&/#1&+&! -#7,',&+! Z<%&B0+(BJ! LDDE[P! ?)(7!

#1(0%&)! +0#169(,10J! ,0! #--&$0&6! 0%&! /&#$%! )&+()0+! ($$49#1$:J! N%&)&! 7(+0! (-! 0%&!

0(4),+0+!S&/#1&+&!4+&6!0(!+9&16!0%&,)!+477&)!0,7&P!!

5-0&)!0%&!N#)J!0%&!9),(),0:!(-!0%&!2(B&)17&10!N#+!0(!-($4+!(1!%(N!0(!$)&#0&!#!/&00&)!

,7#2&! -()! 0%&! $(410):! #16! $(1+0)4$0! /&00&)! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&! /:! ,79)(B,12! 0%&! 94/',$!

0)#1+9()0#0,(1!+:+0&7J!/),12,12!7()&! ,1B&+07&10! 0(! 0%&!$(410):P!*%&! ,10&10!(-! 0%,+!

N#+!0(!%&'9!)&64$&!0%&!&Q0&)1#'!6&/0P!!

Page 25: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

LD!!

"&-()&!0%&!(40/)&#O!(-! 0%&!N#)J! ,0!%#6!/&&1!9)(e&$0&6!0%#0! 0%&!0(4),+7! ,164+0):! ,1!

LDDH! N(4'6! /&! #/'&! 0(! 2&1&)#0&! (B&)! FPG! /,'',(1! 6(''#)+! ,1! )&B&14&P! *%,+! 6,6! 1(0!

%#99&1J!#16!0%&!,164+0):!&Q9&),&1$&6!'(++&+!#7(410,12!0(!#/(40!HLD!7,'',(1!6(''#)+P!

5'0%(42%!S&/#1(1Y+!0(4),+0!,164+0):!%#+!+4)B,B&6!7()&!+&),(4+!+,04#0,(1+!+4$%!#+!0%&!

$,B,'!N#)J! 0%&!LDDH!N#)!&Q0&1+,B&':!6#7#2&6!7(+0!)&/4,'6,12!&--()0+! 0%#0!%#6!/&&1!

,1,0,#0&6!0(!)&B&)+&!0%&!&--&$0+!(-!:&#)+!(-!$(1-',$0!Z;,66'&!R#+0!;(1,0()J!LDDG[P!

5-0&)!0%&!)&+('40,(1!(-!0%&!N#)!,1!LDDH!N,0%!_+)#&'J!0%&!8&V/(''#%!'#41$%&6!7#++,B&!

(99(+,0,(1!$#79#,21+!#2#,1+0!?#4#6!<,1,()#J!0%&!9),7&!7,1,+0&)J!N%,$%!$(10,14&6!0(!

6#7#2&!0%&!&$(1(7:!(-!0%&!$(410):!#+!N&''!%#B&!1&2#0,B&!#16!&Q0&1+,B&!&--&$0+!(1!

,0+! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):P! *%&+&! $(10,14&6! '(++&+! 6,+$(4)#2&6! ?3_! f! ?()&,21! 6,)&$0!

,1B&+07&10!d!#+!N&''!#+!(9&)#0()+!#')&#6:!,1!0%&!$(410):P!;#1:!0(4),+0!(9&)#0()+!%#6!

0(! $'(+&! 0%&,)! 6(()+! #16! '&#B&! S&/#1(1Y+! 0(4),+0! ,164+0):! ,1! +&#)$%! -()! #! 7()&!

9(',0,$#'':! +0#/'&!&1B,)(17&10! 0%#0!N(4'6!7,1,7,V&! 0%&,)! ),+O! #16!&1+4)&! 0%#0! 0%&,)!

(9&)#0,(1+! $(4'6! /&! 9)(-,0#/'&! Z<0)(12! \! ](412J! LDDG[P! *%,+! '(++! (-! ,1B&+07&10!

7&#10! 0%#0! 0%&! &$(1(7:! (-! 0%&! $(410):! N#+! ,1! e&(9#)6:J! #16! 0%&! +,04#0,(1! %#+!

$(10,14&6!0(!6&0&),()#0&!410,'!)&$&10!0,7&+!N%&1!0%&!,164+0):!%#+!+%(N1!+(7&!+,21+!

(-! 7#O,12! #! $(7&/#$OP! 5-0&)! 0%&! N,0%6)#N#'! (-! <:),#1! 0)((9+! -)(7! S&/#1(1J! 0%&!

;,1,+0):!(-!*(4),+7!9)&6,$0&6!0%#0!0%&!0(4),+0!,164+0):!(-!S&/#1(1!N(4'6!&Q9&),&1$&!

#! 2)(N0%!(-! aPa!/,'',(1!6(''#)+! #0! 0%&!&16!(-! LDDHP! *%,+!6,6!1(0!%#99&1!64&! 0(! 0%&!

B,('&1$&!0%#0!&)490&6!64),12!0%,+!9&),(6!ZjP<P!3&9#)07&10!(-!<0#0&J!LDFD[P!

*%&!0(4),+7!+&$0()!N#+!+'(N':!)&$(B&),12!-)(7!0%&! ,79#$0!(-!8#),),Y+!#++#++,1#0,(1J!

N%,$%! +$#)&6! #16! 6,+$(4)#2&6! 9(0&10,#'! B,+,0()+! -)(7! B&104),12! ,10(! 0%&! $(410):!

Z;,66'&! R#+0! ;(1,0()J! LDDH[P! 34),12! 0%&! -,)+0! %#'-! (-! LDDHJ! 0%&)&! N#+! #! 0(0#'! (-!

GLhJKEL!B,+,0()+!N%(!$#7&!0(!0%&!$(410):!d!#!)&7#)O#/'&!,79)(B&7&10!$(79#)&6!0(!

0%&! +#7&! 9&),(6! ,1! 0%&! 9)&B,(4+! :&#)! N%&)&! 0%&)&! %#6! /&&1! #! 0(0#'! (-! KEHJKEL!

B,+,0()+P!!

Page 26: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

LF!!

!

D-('M%\*9&1&.)'O*-?*,-('&./*+*4%521-1"*

*%,+!0)&16!N#+!9)(e&$0&6!/:!0%&!MM*c!0(!$(10,14&J!410,'!#''!0%&+&!9(+,0,B&!(40'((O+!

N&)&!+%#00&)&6!/:!0%&!(40/)&#O!(-!0%&!N#)!,1!LDDHP!*%&)&!N&)&!7#1:!$#1$&''#0,(1+!

/:! 9)(+9&$0,B&! 0(4),+0+J! #+!N&''! #+! &B#$4#0,(1+! (-! 0%(4+#16+! (-! 0(4),+0+!N%(!N&)&!

#')&#6:!,1!0%&!$(410):!N%&1!0%&!N#)!/)(O&!(40!Z<0)(12!\!](412J!LDDH[P!

5-0&)!0%&!&16!(-!0%&!$(1-',$0!(1!0%&!Fa0%!(-!5424+0!#16!0%&!+4/+&T4&10!N,0%6)#N#'!(-!

_+)#&',!0)((9+!#16!',-0,12!(-!/'($O#6&+!0%#0!,79&6&6!0)#B&'!,1!0%&!$(410):J!0%&!+&$0()!

(1$&!#2#,1!+0#)0&6!+%(N,12!+,21+!(-!,79)(B&7&10P!":!.$0(/&)!(-!0%&!+#7&!:&#)J!0%&!

,164+0):!&Q9&),&1$&6!#!)&7#)O#/'&!aGm!,1$)&#+&!,1!0(4),+0!#)),B#'+!$(79#)&6!0(!0%&!

9)&B,(4+!:&#)!ZS&/#1&+&!;,1,+0):!(-!*(4),+7J!LDFD[P!!

8(N&B&)J! 0%,+! ,79)(B&7&10! N#+! +%()0d',B&6P! b(',0,$#'! 0&1+,(1+! /&0N&&1! 0%&!

8&V/(''#%! #16! ,1$47/&10! 2(B&)17&10! ,10&1+,-,&6! #16! 0%&)&!N#+! #! 9(N&)! +0)422'&!

/&0N&&1!0%&!0N(!-#$0,(1+!0%#0!6,+)490&6!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):P!<4/+&T4&10':J!#''!0%&!

9(+,0,B&!0)&16+!N&)&!)&B&)+&6J!#16!,1!LDDHJ!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!&Q9&),&1$&6!#!LPL!

/,'',(1!6(''#)!'(++P!*%&!:&#)!LDDE!N#+!#!2'((7:!:&#)!-()!0%&!,164+0):!N,0%!(1':!GLJDHD!

B,+,0()+! ,10(! 0%&! $(410):! ,1! 0%&! 7(10%! (-! I#14#):! ZS&/#1&+&! ;,1,+0):! (-! *(4),+7J!

LDFD[P!*%,+!N#+!#!KEm!6&$)&#+&!$(79#)&6!0(!0%&!+#7&!7(10%!(-!0%&!9)&B,(4+!:&#)P!

Page 27: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

LL!!

52#,1J!7(+0! (-! 0%&+&! B,+,0()+! N&)&! $(79),+&6! (-! 9&(9'&! -)(7! 0%&! 5)#/!N()'6! #16!

S&/#1&+&!',B,12!#/)(#6P!*%&)&!N&)&!B&):!-&N!B,+,0()+!-)(7!M&+0&)1!$(410),&+!64&!0(!

0%&! 9(',0,$#'! ,1+0#/,',0,&+! #16! +4/+&T4&10! 0)#B&'! #6B,+(),&+! ,++4&6! #2#,1+0! S&/#1(1P!

*%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!,7#2&!(-!0%&!$(410):!N#+!#'+(!(1!#!$(10,14&6!0)&16!(-!6&2)#6#0,(1J!

#16!)&&+0#/',+%,12!0%&!,7#2&!N(4'6!0#O&!#!'(12!0,7&!Z;,66'&!R#+0!;(1,0()J!LDDH[P!

34),12! 0,7&+! N%&1! 0%&! $(410):! &Q9&),&1$&6! )&'#0,B&! +0#/,',0:J! 0%&! 0(4),+7! +&$0()!

$(10),/40&6! #/(40! FLm! 0(! 0%&! >3b! Z]#0&+J! LDDH[P! *%,+! N#+! 9)(e&$0&6! 0(! +%(N! #1!

49N#)6!0)&16!/&-()&!0%&!(40/)&#O!(-!0%&!N#)J!/40!0%&!&--&$0+!(-!0%&!$(1-',$0!)&B&)+&6!

0%,+!0)&16!Zb)4+%&)J!LDDD[P!*%&!7#++,B&!'(++!(-!e(/+!,1!0%&!,164+0):J!N%,$%!,+!#!7#e()!

&79'(:&)! ,1! 0%&! $(410):J!N()+&1&6! 0%&!&$(1(7,$! +,04#0,(1P!5''! 6&B&'(97&10!9'#1+!

0%#0! N&)&! ,1,0,#0&6! /:! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! N&)&! &,0%&)! 940! (1! %('6! ()! $#''&6! (--!

$(79'&0&':P!"&-()&! 0%&!N#)J! 0%&)&!N&)&!#0! '&#+0!FL!9)(e&$0+! 0(!/4,'6!1&N!%(0&'+! ,1!

$&10)#'!"&,)40J!/40!#''!(-!0%&7!N&)&!$#1$&''&6!64&!0(!0%&!,1+0#/,',0:P!

*%&+&! &B&10+! %#6! #1! #6B&)+&! &--&$0! (1! 0%&! &$(1(7,$! +&$0()! (-! 0%&! $(410):P!

c(1+0)4$0,(1!e(/+!N&)&!'(+0!#+!N&''!#+!$(1+0)4$0,(1!$(10)#$0+!#+!N&''!#+!0%&!e(/+!0%#0!

N(4'6!%#B&!/&&1! $)&#0&6! ,1! 0%&!&B&104#'! (9&1,12!(-! 0%&!1&N!9)(9&)0,&+!%#6! 0%&:!

/&&1! $(79'&0&6P! *%&! %(0&'+! 0%#0! N&)&! #')&#6:! (9&)#0,(1#'! &Q9&),&1$&6! '(++&+!

#7(410,12!0(!(B&)!LhG!7,'',(1!6(''#)+!ZS&/#1&+&!;,1,+0):!(-!*(4),+7J!LDFD[P!

!

D-('M%\*]%2'5--S*-?*,-('&./*D)2)&.)&M.*02)2*7JJ!I7JJ=*+*7JJG*<:&)&-1"*

Page 28: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

LK!!

DO?O: X),01=-!71.!')!I2$$),'!/)2,1(#!1-!304%-)-!

*%&! 2(B&)17&10! (-! R2:90! 2#B&! #++4)#1$&! 0%)(42%! ,0+! ;,1,+0):! (-! *(4),+7! 0(! 0%&!

2(B&)17&10!(-! S&/#1(1! 0%#0! ,0!N,''! 2,B&!#,6! 0(!%&'9! 0%&! 0(4),+7! +&$0()! ,1! S&/#1(1!

)&04)1!0(!,0+!'&B&'!/&-()&!&)490,(1!(-!N#)+!ZC&N+!52&1$,&+J!LDDh[P!

*%&!9)(7,+&!/:!0%&!R2:90,#1!2(B&)17&10!$#7&!#/(40!#-0&)!0%&!7,1,+0&)!(-!0(4),+7!

,1! S&/#1(1! #11(41$&6! 0%#0! %&! N#+! 2(,12! 0(! &1+4)&! &T4#',0:! #7(12! #''! S&/#1&+&!

9&(9'&!/:!7#O,12!+4)&! 0%#0!#''! 0%(+&!N%(! '(+0!9)(9&)0:!#16!%(7&+!64),12! 0%&!N#)!

N&)&!2(,12!0(!/&!$(79&1+#0&6!#16!#''! 0%&!0(4),+7!+,0&+!0%#0!N&)&!6&+0)(:&6!N&)&!

2(,12! 0(!/&! )&1(B#0&6P! _0!N#+! 0%,+!#11(41$&7&10! 0%#0! ,1+9,)&6! 0%&!2(B&)17&10!(-!

R2:90!0(!9)(B,6&!#++,+0#1$&!,1!0%&!N%('&!9)($&++!(-!)&+&00'&7&10!#16!&1+4)&!0%#0!0%&!

0(4),+7!+&$0()!N(4'6!)&04)1!0(!1()7#'!Z&*4)/(C&N+J!LDDE[P!

*%&!9)($&++!(-! 0(4),+7! )&B,B#'! ,1! S&/#1(1! +0#)0&6!N%&1! 0%&!7#,1!()2#1,V#0,(1+!(-!

0(4),+7!,1!S&/#1(1!N&)&!,1B,0&6!0(!c#,)(J!R2:90J!0(!9#)0,$,9#0&!,1!0%&!()2#1,V&6!+%(N!

0(!7#)O&0! ,0+! 0(4),+7!+&$0()J! -)&&!(-!$%#)2&P!*%&!+%(N!N#+!%&'6! ,1!c#,)(!#0!#!9'#$&!

$#''&6! 0%&! ;&6,0&))#1&#1! *)#B&'! ?#,)P! 5'0%(42%! (0%&)! $(410),&+! N&)&! ,1B,0&6! 0(!

#00&16! 0%&! +%(NJ! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ()2#1,V#0,(1+! -)(7! S&/#1(1! N&)&! 2,B&1! #! )&+&)B&6!

+9#$&!(-!#/(40!HD!+T4#)&!7&0&)+!-()!0%&,)!&Q%,/,0,(1+!#+!#!2&+04)&!(-!2((6!N,''J!2,B&1!

0%&!+,04#0,(1!(-!N#)!,1!S&/#1(1P!!

*%,+!#$0!N#+!+,1$&)&':!7&#10! 0(!+%(N!2)#0,046&!0(! 0%&!S&/#1&+&!0(4),+7!+&$0()! -()!

0%&,)!&--&$0,B&!9#)0,$,9#0,(1!,1!0)#6&!#--#,)+!#-0&)!0%&!$,B,'!N#)!#16!0&))(),+7P!50!0%,+!

0,7&J!I(+&9%!<#)O,+!N#+!0%&!7,1,+0&)!,1!$%#)2&!(-!0%&!;,1,+0):!(-!*(4),+7!,1!S&/#1(1!

Z`]*XJ!LDDH[P!

.1&!(-!S&/#1(1Y+!0(9!0)#B&'!#2&1$,&+J!0%&!`,6#!_10&)1#0,(1#'!0)#B&'!#2&1$:J!N#+!B&):!

2)#0&-4'! -()! 0%,+! (99()041,0:! 6&+9,0&! 0%&! -#$0! 0%#0! 0%&! $(410):!N#+! +0,''! -#$,12! 9(+0!

N#)!$%#''&12&+P!!

*%&! 7#)O&0,12! 7#1#2&)J! *(1:! 8#)-(4$%&J! +9&$,#',V&6! ,1! #)&#+! (-! >4'-! #16! 5)#/!

7#)O&0! +&27&10+! (-! `,6#! _10&)1#0,(1#'! 0)#B&'! #2&1$:P! 8#)-(4$%&! #66&6! 0%#0! 0%&:!

N&)&! +(! 2)#0&-4'! 0(! 0%&! R2:90,#1! 2(B&)17&10J! &+9&$,#'':! 0%&! *(4),+7! 540%(),0:! (-!

R2:90J!-()!#''!0%&!+499()0!0%&:!)&$&,B&6P!*%&!(1':!$%#''&12&!N#+!0%#0!#0!0%&!0,7&!0%&:!

N&)&! &Q9)&++,12! 0%&,)! 2)#0,046&J! 0%&! (9&)#0,(1+! (-! 0%&,)! N&''! O1(N1! ,10&)1#0,(1#'!

Page 29: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

La!!

#,)9()0!Z"&,)40Y+!`#-,O!8#),),[!N&)&!+0,''!9#)#':V&6J!#'0%(42%!0%&:!%#6!+0#)0&6!9400,12!

+&B&)#'!#99)(9),#0&!7&#+4)&+!0(!)&B,B&!,0!,10(!9'#$&!Z`]*XJ!LDDH[P!

S#0&)! (1J! 0%&! #,)+0),9!N#+! (--,$,#'':! (9&1&6J! #16! 0%&! -,)+0! #,)',1&! 0(! '#16! 0%&)&!N#+!

S&/#1(1Y+! -'#2!$#)),&)!(-! 0%&!;,66'&!R#+0J!N%,$%! '#16&6! -()! 0%&! -,)+0! 0,7&!+,1$&! 0%&!

&)490,(1!(-!N#)!/&0N&&1!_+)#&'!#16!8&V/(''#%P!

5$$()6,12! 0(! 0%&! #1#':+,+! (-! 0%&! 9(+0! N#)! ,79#$0+! (1! S&/#1(1Y+! &$(1(7:J! ,0! N#+!

-(416!0%#0!0%&!$(410):!'(+0!$'(+&!0(!#/(40!oKPH!/,'',(1J!#16!0%,+!N#+!(1':!0%&!0(4),+7!

+&$0()! 64&! 0(! 0%&! 6&+0)4$0,(1! (-! 0(4),+7! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&+! #16! (0%&)! 0(4),+7!

+49&)+0)4$04)&+!,1!/(0%!0%&!+(40%&)1!#16!1()0%&)1!9#)0+!(-!0%&!$(410):P!34),12!0%&!

6&+0)4$0,(1!#1#':+,+J! ,0!N#+! -(416! 0%#0! 0%&!7(+0! $(+0':!6&+0)4$0,(1!N#+! 0%#0!(-! 0%&!

#,)9()0J! N%,$%! #7(410&6! 0(! #/(40! %#'-! (-! 0%&! 0(0#'! '(++&+! ,1$4))&6! ,1! 0%&! 0(4),+7!

+&$0()!Z&*4)/(C&N+J!LDDE[P!

*%&!9)&+,6&10!(-! 0%&! S&/#1&+&! 0(4),+7!#++($,#0,(1J! *#'#'! R'!8#++#1,&J! #99&#'&6! -()!

%&'9!,1!0%&!+&$0()J!6&+$),/,12!0%&!+,04#0,(1!#+!/#6':!,1!1&&6!(-!#,6!-)(7!N&''dN,+%&)+P!!

U5+!#!0(4),+0!#++($,#0,(1J!(4)!7&7/&)+%,9!-&&+!#)&!7,1,7#'!$(79#)&6!0(!0%&!'(++&+!

N&!%#B&!#')&#6:!+4+0#,1&6!+(!N&!#)&!#99&#',12! -()!#1:!#++,+0#1$&!9&)0#,1,12! 0%,+!

+,04#0,(1P! M&! N,''! /&! B&):! 2)#0&-4'P! S&/#1(1! N(4'6! ',O&! 0(! )&7#,1! +0)(12! #16!

)&+,',&10P!.4)!$(410):! ,16&&6!%#+!2)&#0!)&+(4)$&+!#16!%&),0#2&J!/40!N%#0!N&!-#$&!

0(6#:!,+!#!)&#'!/,2!$%#''&12&W!Z`]*XJ!LDDH[P!!

8&! +#,6! 0%,+!7(+0':! N,0%! 0%&! ,10&10! (-! 0#)2&0,12! 0%&! 0(4),+7!7,1,+0&)! (-! R2:90! -()!

+499()0! 0(! /((+0! 0%&,)! 0(4),+7! +&$0()P! 5-0&)! 0%,+J! 0%&! 0(4),+7! 7,1,+0&)! (-! R2:90J!

r(%&,)!>#)#11#%J!9)(7,+&6!0%#0!%,+!+&$0()!N(4'6!9)(B,6&!#!$&)0#,1!#7(410!0(!+#B&!

0%&!+,04#0,(1P!>#)#11#%!#'+(!#99&#'&6!0(!0%&!j1,0&6!C#0,(1+!()2#1,V#0,(1!(-!0(4),+7!

0(!)&+$%&64'&!#!0(4)J!N%,$%!N#+!7&#10!0(!0#O&!9'#$&!,1!c#,)(J!0(!0#O&!9'#$&!,1!"&,)40!

,1+0&#6! +(! 0%#0! 0%&! (99()041,0:! $#1! /&! 40,',V&6! 0(! 7#)O&0! 0%&! 0(4),+7! +&$0()! ,1!

S&/#1(1P!

<,1$&!0%&!+0#)0!(-!N#)!,1!S&/#1(1J!S&/#1(1!#'(1&!N#+!1(0!#--&$0&6P!.0%&)!$(410),&+!

',O&! R2:90! N&)&! #'+(! #--&$0&6J! +,1$&! 0%&:! %#6! 0(! +0(9! 0%&,)! #,)',1&+! #16! -',2%0+! 0(!

S&/#1(1P! *%,+! '&6! 0(! #! 0(0#'! '(++! #7(410,12! 0(! #'7(+0! oLD! 7,'',(1! Z&*4)/(C&N+J!

LDDE[P!

Page 30: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

LG!!

R2:90! 5,)Y+! $(77&)$,#'! 6&9#)07&10! $%#,)7#1J! <#-N#0! ;(++#'#7J! +#,6! 0%#0! ,0! N#+!

4+4#'! /4+,1&++! /&-()&! 0%&! &)490,(1! (-! N#)! 0%#0! #'7(+0! &'&B&1! -',2%0+! 0)#B&'&6!

/&0N&&1!c#,)(!#16!"&,)40!&B&):!N&&OJ!N%,$%!N#+!0%&1!1(0!0%&!$#+&!Z`]*XJ!LDDH[P!

M%&1!0%&!#,)9()0!(-!"&,)40!)&(9&1&6J!,0!N#+!#!/,2!$&'&/)#0,(1!-()!R2:90!0(!)&04)1!0(!

/4+,1&++P!*%&:!%#6!'(+0!#!'(0!64),12!0%&!N#)!9&),(6J!#+!0%&,)!-',2%0+!$(4'6!1(0!(9&)#0&!

+,1$&! 0%&! #,)9()0!N#+! 6&+0)(:&6P! R2:90! 5,)! (1':! )&+47&6! (9&)#0,(1! #-0&)! 0%&:! %#6!

$(1-,)7&6! 0%&! )&+0)4$04),12! (-! 0%&! "&,)40! #,)9()0! #16! &1+4)&6! 0%#0! ,0!N#+! +#-&! -()!

0%&,)! 9'#1&+! 0(! '#16! #16! 0#O&! (--! -)(7! 0%&! #,)9()0P! *%&:! #'+(! &1+4)&6! 0%#0! 0%&!

+&$4),0:! #0! 0%&! )&B,B&6! #,)9()0! N#+! ,1! ()6&)! -()! 0%&! +#-&0:! (-! ,0+! 9&(9'&! /&-()&!

+0#)0,12!0%&!(9&)#0,(1P!!

U;&#1N%,'&!#-0&)!;,1,+0&)!<#)O,+!#+O&6!0(!)&B,&N!-416!6,+/4)+&7&10J!oKKJDDD!N#+!

9)(7,+&6!/:!S&/#1&+&!b;!?(4#6!<,1(4)#!0(!0%(+&!N%(!'(+0!9)(9&)0,&+!64),12!0%&!

'#+0!N#)J!9'4+!oEDDD!-()!-4)1,04)&!)&9'#$&7&10P!*%(+&!N%(!'(+0!0%&,)!9)(9&)0,&+!,1!

0%&!7(410#,1+!N&)&!9#,6!oLDJDDD!#+!)&$&10!#+!L!7(10%+!#2(W!Z`E*XJ!LDDH[P!!

8(N&B&)J! 0%&! N%('&! 9)($&++! (-! $(79&1+#0,(1! N#+! 1(0! B&):! +7((0%J! #+! +&B&)#'!

$(79'#,10+!N&)&!)&$&,B&6J!&+9&$,#'':!-)(7!+&00'&)+! ,1!0%&!7(410#,1(4+!)&2,(1+!N%(!

$'#,7&6!0%#0!0%&:!N&)&!1(0!-4'':!+#0,+-,&6!N,0%!0%&!#7(410!2,B&1!0(!0%&7P!*%,+!,++4&!

N#+!+499()0&6!/:!<#)O,+!N%(!N#+!#'+(!1(0!%#99:!N,0%!0%&!)&9'#$&7&10!-416+!2,B&1!

(40!0(!0%&!7(410#,1!)&+,6&10+J!+#:,12!0%#0!,0!N#+!1(0!N()0%!0%&!'(++&+!0%&:!,1$4))&6!

64),12!0%&!N#)!9&),(6P!8&!#99&#'&6!-()!0%&7!0(!/&!#N#)6&6!#1(0%&)!#7(410!0(!-4'':!

$#0&)!-()!0%&!'(++&+!0%&:!,1$4))&6P!

;,1,+0&)!<#)O,+!0%&1!9)(7,+&6!0(!940!7&#+4)&+!,1!9'#$&!0%#0!N(4'6!&1#/'&!0%&!+&$0()!

0(! 2&0! '(#1+! #16! (0%&)! -()7+! (-! -416,12! 0(! %&'9! )&+0)4$04)&! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):P!!

*%,+!N#+!#!+%()0d0&)7!+('40,(1J!#+!7()&!9'#1+!N&)&!,1!9)(2)&++!/#+&6!(1!'(12!0&)7!

6&B&'(97&10P!!

*%&!7#,1!94)9(+&!(-!0%&!+%()0d0&)7!6&B&'(97&10!#16!)&+0)4$04),12!7&#+4)&+!N&)&!

0(! #0! '&#+0! /),12! /#$O! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! ,10(! (9&)#0,(1! /&-()&! ,1+0#'',12!

9&)7#1&10!6&B&'(97&10!9'#1+J!":!0%#0!0,7&J!,0!N#+!+0,''!%#)6!-()!0%&!+&$0()!0(!#--()6!

0(!940!0%(+&!'(12!0&)7!6&B&'(97&10!9'#1+!,1!9'#$&P!!

*%&!7,1,+0&)!#'+(!#++4)&6!0%&!94/',$!0%#0!,1+0#10!7&#+4)&+!(-!7#)O&0,12!,0+!0(4),+7!

+&$0()! N(4'6! /&! 940! ,1! 9'#$&! +0#)0,12! N,0%! &Q0&1+,B&! N()'6N,6&! 7&6,#!

Page 31: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

LH!!

#6B&)0,+&7&10+! 0(! N,1! 0%&! 0)4+0! (-! 0(4),+0+! 0(! B,+,0! 0%&! $(410):! #+! /&-()&P! 8&!

$(1-,)7&6!0%#0!0%&!2(B&)17&10!N#+!2(,12!0(!#''($#0&!#!%42&!#7(410!(-!$#+%!0(!0%&!

7&6,#!2)(49+! 0(!&1+4)&!&--,$,&10!9)(7(0,(1!(-! 0%&!$(410):Y+! 0(4),+7!+&$0()! Z`]*XJ!

LDDH[P!

_1! +477#):J! 0%&! #,6! -)(7! R2:90! )&#'':! %&'9&6! 0%&! S&/#1&+&! 2(B&)17&10! 0(!

)&+0)4$04)&!0%&,)!0(4),+7!+,0&+J!,1$'46,12!#,)9()0+!0(!-#$,',0#0&!#,)!0)#B&'!,1!#16!(40!(-!

0%&!$(410):P!*%&!-416+!N&)&!#'+(!&79'(:&6!0(!/4,'6!/(0%!1&N!)(#6+!#16!6#7#2&6!

(1&+! ,1! ()6&)! 0(! -#$,',0#0&! 0)#1+9()0! 1&0N()O+! -()! 0%&! 0(4),+0+! N,0%,1! 0%&! $(410):P!

;4$%!(-!0%&!-416+!N&)&!#'+(!+9&10!(1!/4,'6,12!%(0&'+!#16!(0%&)!)&+,6&10,#'!/4,'6,12+!

N%&)&! 0%&! 0(4),+0+!N&)&!&Q9&$0&6!0(!+&00'&! -()! 0%&! 0,7&!0%&:!N&)&! 0(!+9&16! ,1! 0%&!

$(410):!Z`]*XJ!LDDH[P!!

S#+0':!/40!1(0!'&#+0J!0%&!-416+!N&)&!6&9'(:&6!0(!0%&!,10&)1#'!+&$4),0:!+&$0()!0(!+&0!49!

&--,$,&10!+&$4),0:!#)7+!#16!()2#1,V#0,(1+!0(!7#O&!+4)&!0%#0!0%&!0(4),+0+!B,+,0,12!0%&!

$(410):!$(4'6!N#'O!-)&&':!N,0%(40!-&#)!(-!%#)7!()!#00#$O!/:!0%&!$)4&'!,16,B,64#'+P!!

<&$4),0:!9)(B&6!0(!/&!0%&!7(+0!,79()0#10!,1B&+07&10J!+,1$&!0%&)&!N&)&!B&):!-&N!#16!

)#)&! $#+&+! (-! %#)7! )&9()0&6! #-0&)N#)6+P! ! *%,+! 7&#10! 0%#0! #''! N#+! N&''! #+! -#)! #+!

,10&)1#'!+&$4),0:!N#+!$(1$&)1&6P!

G /0,,),1(#!%-.!/)2,1(#!

GO: /80!"#$%&'!

b)&+&10':J! 0%&)&! ,+! 1(! +4--,$,&10! )&+&#)$%! 0%#0! %#+! /&&1! $(164$0&6! 0%#0! 6,)&$0':!

,1B&+0,2#0&+!0%&! ,79#$0!(-!0&))(),+7!(1!0(4),+7!#16!0%&!&$(1(7:P!;(+0!+046,&+!(1!

0%&!&$(1(7,$!&--&$0+!(-!$(1-',$0!#)&! '#)2&':!-($4+&6!(1!0%&!4+4#'!0:9&+!+4$%!#+!N#)!

#16! 6(! 1(0! &Q0&1+,B&':! $(B&)! 0%&! &$(1(7,$! &--&$0+! (1! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! ,1!

9#)0,$4'#)!Z<#Q0(1J!LDDL[P!8(N&B&)J!0%&!+9#)+&!',0&)#04)&!0%#0!$(11&$0+!0&))(),+7!#16!

&$(1(7,$!,79#$0+!,1!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!,+!2#,1,12!&Q0&1+,B&!9(94'#),0:J!&+9&$,#'':!

,1!0%&!N#O&!(-!0%&!XiFF!0&))(),+0!#$0+P!!

5$$()6,12!0(!5'&+,1#!\!b&)(00,!ZFXXH[J! ,1$)&#+&6!0&))(),+0! ,1$,6&10+!#)&!,16,$#0,B&!(-!

),+,12! 9(',0,$#'! ,1+0#/,',0:! ,1! 0%&! )&2,(1! ()! +0#0&P! b&)0#,1,12! 0(! 0%,+J! +046,&+! %#B&!

&+0#/',+%&6!0%#0!9(',0,$#'!,1+0#/,',0:!%#+!#!1&2#0,B&!,79#$0!(1!&$(1(7,$!2)(N0%J!#16!

Page 32: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

LE!!

N,0%!0%,+J!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!,+!#--&$0&6J!N%,$%!,+!#!+,21,-,$#10!$(10),/40()!(-!>3b+!

(-!7#1:! 6&B&'(9,12! $(410),&+P! _1! #66,0,(1J! 9(',0,$#'! 41)&+0! %#+! 1&2#0,B&! &--&$0+! (1!

?()&,21!3,)&$0! _1B&+07&10! Z?3_[J!N%,$%!0(!#! '#)2&!&Q0&10! ,1B('B&+! ,1B&+07&10! ,1! 0%&!

0(4),+7! +&$0()! (-! 0%&! 1#0,(1! Z<#Q0(1J! LDDL[P! <#Q0(1! -4)0%&)! +#:+! 0%#0! 0%&! $(+0! (-!

0&))(),+7! #16! 0(4),+7! ,+! ,1$)&#+&6! +,1$&! +0#0&+! #)&! $(79&''&6! 0(! ,1$)&#+&! +&$4),0:!

7&#+4)&+! #0! #! B&):! %,2%! $(+0P! *%,+! 1&N! &Q9&16,04)&! ,1! /((+0,12! +&$4),0:! %#+! #!

$(10,14(4+!1&2#0,B&!&--&$0!(1!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!#16!0%&!&$(1(7:!#0!'#)2&P!!

5$$()6,12!0(!"&$O&)!#16!;4)9%:!Z:&#)[J!0&))(),+0!#00#$O+!%#B&!#!6,)&$0!,79#$0!(1!0%&!

&$(1(7:!#16!$#9,0#'!+0($O!(-!0%&!+0#0&P!c#9,0#'!+0($O!,1!0%,+!$#+&!)&9)&+&10+!/(0%!0%&!

%47#1! #16! 9%:+,$#'! $#9#$,0,&+! (-! 0%&! $(410):P! <(7&! )&+&#)$%! $(164$0&6! ,1! 0%&!

#-0&)7#0%!(-!0%&!XiFF!#00#$O+!+&&7&6!0(!,79':!0%#0!0%&)&!N#+!B&):!',00'&!,79#$0!(1!

0%&!$#9,0#'!+0($O!64&!0(!0%,+! ,1$,6&10P!*%&!6,)&$0! ,79#$0!0(!0%&!&$(1(7:!7#:!+&&7!

)&'#0,B&':! 7,1,7#'J! /40! 0%&! &--&$0+! +9)&#6! 0%)(42%! (40! 0%&! &$(1(7:! #16! #)&!

&Q9&),&1$&6! &Q0&1+,B&':P! 5! 0&))(),+0! #00#$O! N,''! ,1-'4&1$&! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! ,1!

$)&#0,12! -&#)! (-! 0%&! $(410):! #+! #! 6#12&)(4+! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1J! 6&+0)(:+!

,1-)#+0)4$04)&!',O&!0)#1+9()0#0,(1!#16!0(4),+0!-#$,',0,&+J!'(++!(-!e(/+!64&!0(!6&$)&#+&6!

0(4),+0! #)),B#'+! #16! (0%&)! +4$%!74'0,9':,12! &--&$0+! Z"'(7/&)1J! 8&++! \! .)9%#1,6&+J!

LDDa[P!

!_1!0%&!$#+&!(-!S&/#1(1J!0%&!$(410):!(1$&!O1(N1!#+!#!9)&-&))&6!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1!

N#+!,1$)&#+,12':!/&,12!9&)$&,B&6!#+!#1!41+#-&!9'#$&!-()!0(4),+0!0(!B,+,0P!M,0%!#!%,+0():!

(-!$(1-',$0!-)(7!0%&!$,B,'!N#)!0(!0&))(),+0!#00#$O+!#16!0%&!9)&+&1$&!(-!0%&!8&V/(''#%!,1!

0%&!$(410):J!0%&!$(410):Y+!,7#2&!#+!#!+#-&!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1!%#+!/&&1!0#)1,+%&6P!5+!

0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! 6&$',1&+J! +(! 6(&+! 0%&! 1#0,(1#'! >3bJ! N,0%! 0(4),+7! -()7,12! #!

7#e()!/#$O/(1&!,1!0%&!&$(1(7:P!!

!*&))(),+0!#$0,B,0,&+! ,1! 0%&!$(410):!%#B&!-4)0%&)!+&&1!0%#0! -()&,21! ,1B&+0()+!#)&!1(N!

%&+,0#10! 0(! ,1B&+0! ,1! 0%&! $(410):J! -&#),12! 0%&! $(1+0#10!9(',0,$#'! 41)&+0! #16! +&$4),0:!

0%)&#0+!Z>#)6&#V#/#'J!LDDG[P!M%&1!0%&!-()&,21!,1B&+0()+!-#,'!0(!,1B&+0!,1!0%&!0(4),+7!

+&$0()!(-!S&/#1(1J!0%&! ,79',$#0,(1+!#)&!0%#0!0%&! ,164+0):!N,''!1(0!2)(N!#16!&Q9#16!

#16!N,''!0#O&!#!'(12!0,7&!/&-()&!,0!)&#',V&+!,0+!-4''!9(0&10,#'!-()!,10&)1#0,(1#'!B,+,0()+P!!!

<#16'&)!#16!R16&)+!Z:&#)[!$)&#0&6!#!A5`!7(6&'!0%#0!0%&:!4+&6!0(!#++&++!0%&!,79#$0!

(-! 0&))(),+7! (1! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! (-! #! $(410):P! *%&,)! +046:! ,16,$#0&6! 0%#0!

0&))(),+7!,1$,6&10+!,1!#!$(410):!+,21,-,$#10':!6&$)&#+&!0%&!147/&)!(-!0(4),+0+!#)),B,12!

Page 33: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

Lh!!

,1! 0%&! $(410):P! *%(42%! 0%&,)! +046,&+! N&)&! /#+&6! (1! R4)(9&#1! 7(6&'+J! 0%&!

$(1$'4+,(1+!#)&!,1!',1&!N,0%!0%&!+,04#0,(1!(1!0%&!2)(416!,1!S&/#1(1P!_1!0%&!#-0&)7#0%!

(-! 0&))(),+0! #00#$O+J! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! ,1! S&/#1(1! %#+! &Q9&),&1$&6! +,21,-,$#10!

6(N104)1J! #! -#$0! 0%#0! $#1!/&! #00),/40&6! 0(! 0%&! 0#)1,+%,12! (-! S&/#1(1Y+! ,7#2&! #+! #!

9&#$&-4'! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1! Z8&:&)J! LDDX[P! *%&! O,61#99,12! (-! 0(4),+0+! /:! 0&))(),+0!

1&0N()O+!#'+(!-),2%0&1+!0(4),+0+!#N#:P!3)#O(+!#16!=40#1!ZLDDK[!%#B&!#'+(!$(164$0&6!

+046,&+! ,1! 0%,+! -,&'6J!#16! 0%&,)!$(1$'4+,(1!N#+! 0%#0!6&7#16+! -()! )((7+! ,1!$(410),&+!

0%#0! %#6! 416&)2(1&! 0&))(),+0! #00#$O+! N&10! 6(N1! +,21,-,$#10':! ,1! 0%&! N#O&! (-! 0%&!

0&))(),+0! #$0,B,0,&+P! *%,+! ,79',&+! 0%#0! 0&))(),+7! %#+! #! 6,)&$0! &--&$0! (1! 0%&! 0(4),+7!

,164+0):!,1!S&/#1(1P!!

5'0%(42%! 0%&! $(410):! %#+! +%(N1! 2)&#0! )&+,',&1$&! ,1! 6&#',12!N,0%! #! 1&2#0,B&! 94/',$!

,7#2&! 0%#0! %#+! /&&1! 9(94'#),V&6! /:! 0%&! 7&6,#J! 0%&! 2(B&)17&10! #16! (0%&)! O&:!

9'#:&)+!#)&!0#+O&6!N,0%!0%&!)&+9(1+,/,',0:!(-!-()74'#0,12!+0)#0&2,&+!0%#0!N,''!#66)&++!

0%&! +,04#0,(1! ,1!#!7()&!9&)7#1&10!#16!+4+0#,1#/'&!N#:P!*%&! 0%)&#0!(-! 0&))(),+7! ,+!

B&):! )&#'! ,1!S&/#1(1J!#16!#+!74$%!#+! 0%&!$(410):!7#:!9),6&! ,0+&'-!/:!%#B,12!7#1:!

0(4),+0!#00)#$0,(1+J! 0%&! +0#0&!7#:!1&B&)! )&#',V&! ,0+! -4''!9(0&10,#'! -()! -()&,21! 0(4),+0+!

Z8#:%4)+0J! SP! LDDH[P! *%&)&! ,+! #! B&):! +0)(12! 9)&+&1$&! (-! 0&))(),+0! 1&0N()O+! ,1! 0%&!

$(410):!0%#0!&,0%&)!$#)):!(40!0&))(),+0!#00#$O+!,1!0%&!$(410):!()!4+&!,0!#+!#!'#41$%,12!

9#6! 0(! #00#$O! (0%&)! $(410),&+! #16! (99(+,12! -#$0,(1+P! 8&V/(''#%! ,+! )&2#)6&6! #+! #1!

&Q0&1+,B&! 0&))(),+0! 1&0N()O! 0%#0! %#+! -,)7! )((0+! ,1! S&/#1(1J! ,1-,'0)#0,12! &B&1! 0%&!

%,2%&+0! &$%&'(1+! (-! 9(N&)P! *%&! 9)&+&1$&! (-! 8&V/(''#%! ,1! 0%&! $#/,1&0! (-! S&/#1(1!

7&#1+! 0%#0! ,0! ,+! #/'&! 0(! ,1-'4&1$&! 7#e()! 6&$,+,(1+! #16! 9(',$,&+J! N%,$%! 7#:! %#B&!

#6B&)+&!&--&$0+!(1!0%&!0(4),+7!+&$0()!(-!0%&!$(410):!Z?#++,%,J!LDDh[P!

GO; /80!9)--0&'1)-!

*&))(),+0!#00#$O+!1&2#0,B&':!,79#$0!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!/:!6&$)&#+,12!0%&!147/&)!(-!

0(4),+0! #)),B#'+! ,1! 0%&! 6&+0,1#0,(1P! .B&)! #! 9)('(12&6! 9&),(6! (-! 0,7&J! 0%&! &--&$0+! (-!

0&))(),+0! #00#$O+! N,''! )&64$&! 0%&! -()&,21! ,1B&+07&10! ,1! 0%&! 0(4),+7! +&$0()! (-! 0%&!

$(410):P! _16,)&$0! &--&$0+! (-! 0&))(),+7! #)&! 0%&! $(+0! (-! )&$(1+0)4$0,(1! (-! 0(4),+0!

-#$,',0,&+!0%#0!%#B&!/&&1!6&+0)(:&6!/:!0%&!0&))(),+0!#00#$O+J!$(+0+!0%#0!2(!0(N#)6+!0%&!

0,2%0&1,12! (-! +&$4),0:! 0(! 9)&B&10! -404)&! #00#$O+! #16! ,1$)&#+&6! 7#)O&0,12! $(+0+! 0(!

#00)#$0! B,+,0()+! (1$&! 7()&! ,10(! 0%&! $(410):! Z"#)0%J! S,J! ;$c#)0%:J! b%47,N#+#1#! \!

]#2(J!LDDH[P!

Page 34: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

LX!!

*%&! $(11&$0,(1! /&0N&&1! 0&))(),+7! #16! 0(4),+7! ,+! 416&1,#/'&! ,1! $(10&79()#):!

+($,&0:P! *%,+! ,+! /&$#4+&! (-! 0%&! +0)&120%! 0%#0! 0%&! ,164+0):! %#+! (1! +0#0&! &$(1(7,&+J!

#16! #'+(! /&$#4+&! 0(4),+0! +,0&+! #+! 0%&! 0#)2&0+! (-! 0&))(),+7! %#B&! 0%&! 9(0&10,#'! 0(!

2)&#0':!6,+)490+! 0%&!+($,#'!()6&)!#16!&$(1(7,$!+0#/,',0:!(-! 0%&!)&2,(1P!*(4),+7!#+!#!

2'(/#'! &$(1(7:! &79'(:+! #/(40! FDPGm! (-! #''! 0%&! N()O,12! 9(94'#0,(1P! _1! 0%&! '#+0!

0N&10:d-,B&!:&#)+J!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!%#+!&Q9&),&1$&6!#!2)(N0%!#7(410,12!0(!(B&)!

GDDmJ! Z*#)'(NJ! LDDL[P! R+9&$,#'':! -()! 0%&! 6&B&'(9,12! $(410),&+J! 0%&! 0(4),+7! +&$0()!

7#O&+!49!#!B&):!B,0#'! +(4)$&!(-! ,1$(7&!#16!9'#:+!#!/,2! )('&! ,1! 0%&,)!1#0,(1#'!>3b+!

#16!&Q0&1+,B&':!,1-'4&1$&+!0%&!&$(1(7,$!6&B&'(97&10P!!

8(N&B&)J! #! 7#e()! +&0/#$O! ,+! 0%#0! 0%&! 6&B&'(9,12! $(410),&+! (-0&1! %#B&! 9(',0,$#'!

,++4&+J!N%,$%!#)&!#!+(4)$&!(-!$'#+%&+!N,0%!(0%&)!-#$0,(1+P!*%&+&!$(1-',$0+!#)&!4+4#'':!

/#+&6! (1! 9(',0,$#'! /&',&-+J! N%,$%! (-0&1! $4'7,1#0&! ,10(! 0&))(),+0! #00#$O+J! N%,$%! #)&!

'#)2&':!/#+&6!(1!-416#7&10#',+0!/&',&-+!,1!0&)7+!(-!)&',2,(1!#16!9(',0,$#'!,6&('(2:P!!

*&))(),+0!#00#$O+!(1!0(4),+0+!+9(0+!$#1!/&!#00),/40&6!0(!0%&!-#$0!0%#0!+4$%!#!6,+)490,(1!

N,''!$#4+&!#6B&)+&!&--&$0+!(1!0%&!&$(1(7:!(-!0%&!)&2,(1!#16!/)#16! ,0!#+!41+#-&!-()!

-()&,21! B,+,0()+P! *&))(),+0+! #)&! #N#)&! (-! 0%&! -#$0! 0%#0! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! %#+!

/&$(7&!+4$%!#!B,0#'!$(79(1&10!(-!0%&!2'(/#'!&$(1(7:J!0%#0!#1:!6,+)490,(1!,+!/(416!

0(! %#B&! #! 0)&7&16(4+! 1&2#0,B&! &--&$0,B&! #16! 0%&)&-()&! 6)#N! #00&10,(1! 0(! 0%&!

,1$,6&10!Z"'#O&!\!<,1$'#,)J!LDDL!\!!M*.J!LDDE[P!!

*&))(),+0+!#)&!#N#)&!(-!0%&!-#$0!0%#0!#!6&$',1&!,1!0%&!0(4),+7!+&$0()!(-!#1:!+0#0&!N,''!

%#B&!7#1:!7()&! +4/+&T4&10! &--&$0+! #16! 1(0! e4+0! 0%&! +,124'#)! 6&+0)4$0,(1P! b&(9'&!

N,''!'((+&!0%&,)!e(/+!N%&1!0&))(),+0+!%#B&!#00#$O&6!#!)&+()0!()!%(0&'P!*%,+!,+!/&$#4+&!

0%&!9)(9&)0:!,+!6&+0)(:&6!/:!0%&!,1,0,#'!#00#$O!()!0%&!0(4),+0+!#)&!N#):!(-!B,+,0,12!0%&!

)&2,(1!,1!-&#)!(-!+4/+&T4&10!#00#$O+P!*%&)&-()&J!0%&!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1!,+!41#/'&!0(!

+4+0#,1!#1:!&79'(:&&+P!

!*%&! 0(4),+0+! #'+(! +9&16!7()&! ,1! 0%&! '#)2&)! 0(4),+7! +&$0()J! ',O&! ,1! 0)#1+9()0#0,(1J!

/((O,12! #2&10+J! $4),(+! #16! #)0,-#$0+P! *%&+&! #$0,B,0,&+! +4+0#,1! #! '#)2&! 147/&)! (-!

,16,B,64#'+! #16! 0%&,)! -#7,',&+! #16! ,-! 0%&)&! #)&! 1(0! #1:! 0(4),+0+! N%(! 1&&6! 0%&,)!

+&)B,$&+!#16!0%&,)!9)(64$0+J!0%&1!0%&:!#)&!/(416!0(!+4--&)!&$(1(7,$#'':!Z=1(N'&+J!\!

R'd;(4)%#/,J! LDDF[P! *%&)&-()&J! 0%&! &--&$0+! (-! 0&))(),+0! #00#$O+! %#B&! N,6&)!

,79',$#0,(1+! ,1! #! +0#0&Y+! ()! )&2,(1Y+! &$(1(7:J! #16! 0%#0! ,+! 0%&! 9),7#):! )&#+(1!N%:!

0%&:!#)&!0%&!0#)2&0!(-!0&))(),+0!#00#$O+P!!

Page 35: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

KD!!

*%,+!+,04#0,(1!%#+!&+9&$,#'':!/&&1!B&):!0)4&!-()!S&/#1(1!#16!0%&!N,6&)!;,66'&!R#+0!

)&2,(1P!*&))(),+0!1&0N()O+! 0%#0!#)&!7#,1':!#10,dN&+0&)1!+&&! 0%&!B,+,0,12!(-!M&+0&)1!

9&(9'&! #+! $())490,12! 0%&! $4'04)&! (-! 0%&! '($#'+! #16! $#79#,21! -()! 0(0#',0#),#1! +0#0&+!

0%#0!#)&!)41!/:!)&',2,(4+!-416#7&10#',+0+J!,1!0%,+!$#+&!;4+',7+P!?,16,12!#!N#:!0(!+0(9!

0%&!N&+0&)1! $(7741,0:! -)(7! ,1-,'0)#0,12! 0%&!5)#/!N()'6! ,+!(1&!(-! 0%&!2(#'+!(-! 0%&!

0&))(),+0! #00#$O+! #+!N&''! #+!6&0&)),12! 0%&7! -)(7!N%#0! 0%&:! 0&)7!#+! ,10&)-&)&1$&! ,1!

0%&!9),B#0&!7#00&)+!(-!;,66'&!R#+0&)1!<0#0&+!ZS#6O,J!!\!<#6,OJ!LDDa[P!_1!#66,0,(1J!0%&:!

$(79&'!0%&!M&+0&)1!2(B&)17&10+!0(!,++4&!0)#B&'!#6B,+(),&+!0(!0%&,)!$,0,V&1+!#2#,1+0!

0)#B&',12!0(!$(410),&+!0%#0!#)&!9)(1&!0(!0&))(),+0!#00#$O+P!!

.0%&)!0%#1!#--&$0,12!0%&!0(4),+0!,164+0):!6,)&$0':J!0%&)&!#)&!#'+(!(0%&)!)&9&)$4++,(1+!

0%#0!&1+4&!,1!0%&!#-0&)7#0%!(-!#1!#00#$OJ!N%&1!9&(9'&!'((+&!0%&,)!e(/+!,1!0%&!0(4),+7!

+&$0()J!#16!0%&)&-()&!0%&:!#)&!1(0!#/'&! 0(!+4+0#,1! 0%&7+&'B&+!()! 0%&,)! -#7,',&+J! 0%&!

'&B&'+! (-! $),7&! #'N#:+! 2(! 49! #+! 9&(9'&! '((O! -()! #'0&)1#0,B&! 7&#1+! 0(! #$T4,)&! #!

',B&',%((6!ZS#6O,J!\!<#6,OJ!LDDa[P!b&(9'&!#)&!6,+9'#$&6J!/()6&)+!#)&!$'(+&6!#16!0%&)&!

#)&!(0%&)!+($,#'!B,$&+P!!

;#1:! $#+&+! (0%&)! 0%#1! 0%&! S&/#1&+&! #16!;,66'&! R#+0! $#+&+! (-! 0&))(),+7! &Q,+0! 0(!

9)(B&! 0%,+! #)247&10! (-! 0%&! 74'0,9':,12! &--&$0+! (-! 0&))(),+7! #16! 0&))(),+0! #00#$O+P!

*%&+&!,1$'46&!=&1:#!,1!R#+0!5-),$#P!=&1:#!,+!#!0(4),+0!%(0!+9(0!64&!0(!,0+!N,'6',-&!#16!

1#04)#'!'#16+$#9&P!_1!FXXhJ!0&))(),+0+!#00#$O&6!0%&!j<!&7/#++:!,1!0%&!$(410):P!*%&,)!

$%(,$&!(-!#00#$O!N#+!/&$#4+&!(-!0%&!$(410):Y+!-#7(4+!0(4),+0!N,'6',-&J!N%,$%!#00)#$0+!

7#1:!B,+,0()+!-)(7!0%&!N&+0&)1!$(410),&+!ZR++1&)J!LDDK[P!*%,+!&B&10!$#4+&6!#!+%#)9!

6&$',1&! ,1! 0%&! #)),B#'! (-! ,10&)1#0,(1#'! B,+,0()+! 0(! 0%&! $(410):P! *%&)&! N&)&! (0%&)!

#00#$O+! ,1! LDDLJ! N%&1! #! %(',6#:! )&+()0! ,1! 0%&! $,0:! (-!;(7/#+#! N#+! #00#$O&6! #16!

#1(0%&)!#00&790!0(!/),12!6(N1!#!9'#1&!0(!0%&!$,0:!#16!(1!/(#)6!N&)&!_+)#&',!0(4),+0+P!!

*%(42%! 0%,+!#00#$O!N#+!1(0! +4$$&++-4'J! 0%&! 0%)&#0!$#4+&6! 0%&! 0#)2&0&6!$(410),&+! 0(!

,++4&! 0)#B&'! #6B,+(),&+! 0(! =&1:#P! I(/+! N&)&! '(+0! #16! 7#1:! 1&2#0,B&! +($,#'! B,$&+!

&1+4&6!#+!#!)&+4'0!(-!0%,+!#00#$O!Zc%&1J!\!c%&1J!LDDK[P!!

S&/#1(1!%#+!%#6!,0+!+%#)&!(-!0&))(),+0!#00#$O+J!N%,$%!%#B&!2)&#0':!6,+)490&6!,0+!(1$&!

9)(7,+,12!0(4),+7!,164+0):P!5+!+0#0&6!&#)',&)J!S&/#1(1!N#+!#'N#:+!)&2#)6&6!#+!#!%(0!

0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1J!#16! 0%,+!#00),/40&!&1+4)&6! 0%#0! ,0!/&$#7&!#!9)&-&))&6! 0#)2&0!(-!

0&))(),+0!#00#$O+!Z=#1+(J!LDDG[P!*%,+!#2#,1!,+!64&!0(!0%&!-#$0!0%#0!#1:!6,+)490,(1!(-!0%&!

,164+0):! ,+! /(416! 0(! %#B&! &--&$0+! 0%#0! #--&$0! 0%&! N%('&! $(410):J! ,-! 1(0! 0%&! N%('&!

Page 36: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

KF!!

)&2,(1P!_1!FXhKJ!0&))(),+0+!N%(!O,''&6!HK!9&(9'&!#00#$O&6!0%&!j<!&7/#++:!,1!S&/#1(1P!

*%&!-(''(N,12!:&#)J!0%&!&7/#++:!N#+!#00#$O&6!#2#,1J!O,'',12!#!0(0#'!(-!La!,16,B,64#'+P!

_1! #66,0,(1J! 0%&! $(410):! %#+! /&&1! 4+&6! #+! #! '#41$%,12! 9#6! -()! 0&))(),+0! #00#$O+!

#2#,1+0!(0%&)!$(410),&+P!*%&!8&V/(''#%!(-0&1!'#41$%&+!0&))(),+0!#00#$O+!&+9&$,#'':!0(!

_+)#&'J! N%,$%! ,+! B,&N&6! #+! #! +0)#0&2,$! #'':! (-! 0%&! j1,0&6! <0#0&+! Z=#1+(J! LDDG[P!

8&V/(''#%! ,+!$(1+,6&)&6!#! 0&))(),+0!()2#1,V#0,(1! 0%#0! ,+!/#+&6! ,1!#16!(9&)#0&+! -)(7!

S&/#1(1P! *%&!()2#1,V#0,(1! ,+! B&):! #$0,B&! ,1! S&/#1(1! #16!9)(B,6&+! +($,#'! #7&1,0,&+!

',O&! +$%(('+! #16! #2),$4'04)#'! +&)B,$&+P! *%&! ()2#1,V#0,(1! 9'#:&6! #! 2)&#0! )('&! ,1! 0%&!

FXED+! $,B,'! N#)! ,1! S&/#1(1! #16! 0%&! LDDh! 41)&+0+J! N%,$%! $(79&''&6! 0%&! S&/#1&+&!

2(B&)17&10!0(!&10&)!,10(!#!6&#'!0%#0!2#B&!0%&!()2#1,V#0,(1!B&0(!9(N&)+!,1!#!147/&)!

(-!$#/,1&0!9(+,0,(1+P!*%&!2)(49!,+!O1(N1!0(!/&!#$0,B&':!,1B('B&6!,1!0&))(),+0+!#00#$O+!

$#)),&6!#2#,1+0!_+)#&'J!N%,$%!N(4'6!'#0&)!$4'7,1#0&!,10(!#!-4''d/'(N1!N#)!,1!LDDHP!*%&!

N#)!6,6!1(0!'#+0!-()!7()&!0%#1!-,B&!N&&O+J!/40!#+!6,+$4++&6!#/(B&J!0%&!&--&$0+!N&)&!

N,6&+9)&#6!#16!$#0#+0)(9%,$P!!

8&V/(''#%Y+! 0&))(),+0! #$0,B,0,&+! #)&! 2)&#0':! 6,+)490,B&! (-! 0%&! S&/#1&+&! 0(4),+7!

,164+0):P! *%&! ()2#1,V#0,(1!N#+! O1(N1! 0(! O,61#9!N&+0&)1! 0(4),+0+! ,1! 0%&! hD+P! *%&:!

N&)&!#'+(!)&+9(1+,/'&!-()!0%&!j<!&7/#++:!#00#$O+!64),12!0%&!+#7&!9&),(6P! _1!FXXDJ!

0%&! ()2#1,V#0,(1! $#)),&6! (40! 0&))(),+0! #00#$O+! ,1!5)2&10,1#! #16! 0%&! 0#)2&0+!N&)&! (-!

I&N,+%! (),2,1! Z=,+,)N#1,J! LDDK[P! *%&:! #'+(! /(7/&6! 0%&! &7/#++:! (-! _+)#&'! ,1! FXXL!

N%&)&! LX! 9&(9'&! '(+0! 0%&,)! ',B&+P! <4/+&T4&10':J! 0%&! ()2#1,V#0,(1! #00#$O&6! #!

$(7741,0:! $&10&)! -()! I&N+! ,1! FXXaJ! #16! XG! ,16,B,64#'+! '(+0! 0%&,)! ',B&+! Z=)#:&7J!

LDDK[P!!

!<4$%!#00#$O+!%#B&!$#4+&6!S&/#1(1!0(!$(1+0#10':!-&#04)&!,1!0%&!,10&)1#0,(1#'!7&6,#P!

R+9&$,#'':! 0%&!N&+0&)1!0)#B&'&)+!&Q0&1+,B&':!9&)$&,B&!S&/#1(1!#+!#!+#-&!6&+0,1#0,(1!

-()!0(4),+0!#$0,B,0,&+!ZS&/#1&+&!>'(/#'!_1-()7#0,(1!c&10&)!LDDG[P!*%&!O,61#99,12+!(-!

N&+0&)1!0(4),+0+!%#B&!7#6&!0%&!+,04#0,(1!N()+&!#16!0%&!0(4),+0+!6(!1(0!-&&'!+#-&!0(!

0)#B&'! ,1! 0%&! $(410):P! 5+! 74$%! #+! 0%&! $(410):! %#+! 147&)(4+! 0(4),+0! #00)#$0,(1+J!

9(0&10,#'!B,+,0()+!#)&!6,+$(4)#2&6!/:!0%&!+0#0&!(-!&B&10+!0%#0!%#B&!/&&1!$)&#0&6!/:!

0&))(),+0!#$0,B,0,&+!,1!0%&!+0#0&P!_1!#66,0,(1J!0%&!()2#1,V#0,(1!%#+!-(4)0&&1!7&7/&)+!,1!

0%&!9#)',#7&10!(-!S&/#1(1J!7#O,12!0%&7!#$0,B&':!,1B('B&6!,1!0%&!9(',0,$+!#16!9(',$:!

-()74'#0,(1+! ,1!0%&!$(410):P!*%&!()2#1,V#0,(1!%#+!7#1#2&6!0(!#$T4,)&!B&0(!9(N&)+!

Page 37: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

KL!!

,1!S&/#1(1Y+!9#)',#7&10J!7&#1,12!0%#0!,0!,+!#/'&!0(!9'#:!7#e()!)('&+!,1!6&$,6,12!%(N!

0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!,+!7#1#2&6!Z=)#:&7J!LDDK[P!!

*%&!XiFF!0&))(),+0!#00#$O+!,1!0%&!j<!&Q9(+&6!0%&!+4+$&90,/':!(-!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):P!

*%&! #00#$O! #16! 0%&! &1+4,12!7&#+4)&+! #16! 9(',$,&+! 0%#0!N&)&! ,79'&7&10&6! 9)(B&6!

0%#0!0&))(),+0!#$0+J! 0%(42%!1(0!1&N!0(!0%&! ,164+0):J!%#B&!+,21,-,$#10! ,79#$0+!(1!0%&!

,7#2&! (-! 0%&! 6&+0,1#0,(1! ZS'()$#dA,B&)(J! LDDh[P! <4/+&T4&10':J! 0%&!7&6,#! $(B&)#2&!

N%&1! )&9()0,12! 0%&! &B&10! ,+! &T4#'':! ,79()0#10! /&$#4+&! 0%&! 7&6,#! ,+! $#9#/'&! (-!

,1-'4&1$,12!94/',$! (9,1,(1! #16!9&)$&90,(1+! )&2#)6,12! 0%&! +#-&0:!(-! 6&+0,1#0,(1! #16!

0%&! 0)#B&'! 0(! 0%&)&P! _1! +9,0&! (-! 0%&! -#$0! 0%#0! 0%&! 7&6,#Y+! )('&! ,+! +,21,-,$#10! #16!

,1-'4&1$&+!9(0&10,#'!0)#B&'&)+!#16!0(4),+0+! ,1!0%&,)!$%(,$&!(-!6&+0,1#0,(1J!0%&!)('&!(-!

0%&!7&6,#!#+!,1-'4&1$,12!9&)$&90,(1+!#16!,7#2&+!(-!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!#+!&,0%&)!+#-&!()!

1(0!%#+!1(0!/&&1!#6&T4#0&':!$(B&)&6!,1!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!ZC&47#:&)J!LDDK[P!!

8(N&B&)J!0%&!$(1$&90!(-!,++4&!#00&10,(1!$:$'&!$#1!/&!,10&2)#0&6!0(!7#O&!$'&#)!0)#B&'!

/&%#B,()! #16! 94/',$! 9(',$,&+! ,1! 0%&! $(10&Q0! (-! 0%&! XiFF! #00#$O+J! Z8#''J! LDDL[P! *%,+!

$(1$&90!$#1!/&!4+&6!,1!6&0&)7,1,12!0%&!&Q0&10!(-!0%&!&--&$0+!(-!0%&!XiFF!#00#$O+!,1!

0%&!j<!#16!(0%&)!$(410),&+J!9#)0,$4'#)':!0%&!;,66'&!R#+0!#16!S&/#1(1P!!

GO? +8>!/0,,),1(#!7''%&K(!/)2,1(#Y!

*%&)&!#)&!+&B&)#'!7(0,B&+!0(!&Q9'#,1!0%&!-#$0!0%#0!0&))(),+0+!#)&!#00)#$0&6!/:!0(4),+7P!

*%&! -,)+0! )&#+(1! ,+! 0%#0! 0(4),+7! ,+! 0%&!7#,1!+(4)$&!(-! ,1$(7&!(-!7#1:!$(410),&+!#''!

(B&)! 0%&!N()'6J! +(!/:!6#7#2,12! ,0J! 0%&! $()&! -41$0,(1!(-! 0%&!&$(1(7,$!/#+,+! (-! 0%&!

1#0,(1!+0(9+!N()O,12P!<&$(16J!0(4),+7!#00)#$0,(1+!#)&!0%&!/&+0!N#:!-()!0%&!0&))(),+0+!

0(! 2&0! 0%&,)!7&++#2&! 6&',B&)&6! 0%)(42%! (40!7&6,#! $(B&)#2&J! 2&00,12! 0%&! #00&10,(1!

0%#0! 0%&:! 1&&6P! 516! 0%,)6J! 0%,+! ,164+0):! %#+! 1(0! -($4+&6! 0((! 74$%! (1! +&$4),0:!

7#00&)+! /&$#4+&! 0%&:! /&',&B&! 0%#0! #! +,79'&! +&$4),0:! 9)&+&1$&! N,''! 94+%! #N#:! 0%&!

0(4),+0+!Z*#)'(NJ!LDDK[P!

.1!0%&!(0%&)!%#16J!0%&!,79'&7&10#0,(1!(-!+&$4),0:!7&#+4)&+!,+!1(0!#!$%&#9!#$0,(1J!

0%4+! )#,+,12! 0%&!1&&6! 0(!/4,'6!#! )&'#0,(1+%,9!/&0N&&1!9),B#0&!#16!94/',$! +&$0()+! ,1!

0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):P! _1! #66,0,(1! 0(! 0%#0J! 0%&! -,)+0! (/',2#0,(1! ,1! %(+9,0#',0:! ,+! 0%&!

24&+0Y+! +#-&0:P! <&$4),0:! 74+0! /&! 6&B&'(9&6! ,1! #''! +&27&10+! +4$%! #+! 0&$%1('(2,$#'!

,1B&+07&10+J!&64$#0,(1!#16!+0#--!0)#,1,12P!U<&$4),0:!9'4+!+&)B,$&!#16!B#'4&!-()!7(1&:!

N,''!/&$(7&!0%&!/#+,+!-()!LF+0!$&104):!+4$$&++W!Z*#)'(NJ!LDDK[P!

Page 38: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

KK!!

?,1#'':!#16!9&)%#9+!0%&!7(+0!,79()0#10!9(,10!,+!0%&!#6(90,(1!(-!#!),+O!7#1#2&7&10!

$(10)('P! 5B(,6,12! 41-()&+&&1! $,)$47+0#1$&+! ,+! '&++! $(+0':! 0(! 0%&! /4+,1&++P! M&''d

9)&9#)&6! $(79#1,&+! -#$&! 0%&! ),+O+! /&00&)! 0%#1! (0%&)+! N,0%(40! #1:! +()0! (-!

7#1#2&7&10!9'#1!Z*#)'(NJ!LDDK[P!

GO@ CZ::!V!/0,,),1(#!7''%&K!1-!'80![OIO7O!

*%&!0&))(),+7!#00#$O!(1!0%&!0N,1!0(N&)+!,1!C&N!]()O!c,0:!#16!,1!0%&!b&10#2(1!%#6!#!

%42&! ,79#$0! ,1! 0%&! 9(',0,$#'J! +($,#'J! $4'04)#'! #16! &$(1(7,$#'! +&$0()+! #)(416! 0%&!

N%('&!N()'6J!&+9&$,#'':!,1!0%&!5)#/!$(410),&+P!

5-0&)! 0%&! ,1$,6&10J! 0%&!;,66'&!R#+0! )&2,(1!N#+! ,1$)&#+,12':!7#)2,1#',V&6!#16!(-0&1!

+0&)&(0:9&6! Z=,-1&)J! LDDa[P! *%&! &#+:! ,1d-'(N! 0(4),+7! /&0N&&1! 0%&! j<5! #16! 0%&+&!

$(410),&+!N#+!/#11&6!-()!#!N%,'&!#16!+&B&)&!)&+0),$0,(1+!#16!+&$4),0:!7#00&)+!N&)&!

#6(90&6!,1!()6&)!0(!#B(,6!1&N!#00#$O+P!

c(1+&T4&10':J! R4)(9&#1+! #16!57&),$#1+!N&)&! 1(! '(12&)! 2(,12! 0(! 0%&!;,66'&! R#+0!

#-0&)!0%&!#00#$O+!#16!0%&!5)#/+!N&)&!1(0!2(,12!#/)(#6!0(!R4)(9&!#16!j<5!/&$#4+&!

(-!$(1+0#10!+4+9,$,(1J!#,)9()0!)&+0),$0,(1+!#16!+0)&&0+!#00#$O+!Z=,-1&)J!LDDa[P!

34&! 0(! 0%,+! ,1B,+,/'&! /#)),&)! ,79(+&6! /:! 0%&! 57&),$#1! 2(B&)17&10J! 0%&! N&#'0%:!

<#46,+! #16! 24'-! 5)#/+! %#6! 0(! '((O! -()! #1(0%&)! 9'#$&! 0(! +9&16! 0%&,)! B#$#0,(1! 0,7&J!

+,1$&! 0%&,)!%(7&!$(410):!N#+!1(! '(12&)! +#-&!/&$#4+&!(-! 0%&! +&$4),0:! +,04#0,(1!#16!

$(79(416!#00#$O+! Z=,-1&)J!LDDa[P! *%4+J! S&/#1(1!N#+! 0%&!$%(,$&!(-! 0%&!7#e(),0:!(-!

0%&7J! )&$&,B,12! %42&! )&#'! +0#0&! 6&B&'(97&10! #16! ,10&)1#0,(1#'! $(1+4'0,12!

$(79#1,&+P! *%&! $(410):! +0#)0&6! &Q9&),&1$,12! #! )&#'! 0(4),+7! /((7J! #16! /,'',(1+! (-!

6(''#)+!N&)&!9#++,12!0%)(42%!S&/#1(1P!!

*%&! 24'-! 5)#/+! $%(+&! S&/#1(1! 1(0! (1':! #+! #! B#$#0,(1! 6&+0,1#0,(1J! /40! #'+(! -()!

/4,'6,12! 0%&,)!74'0,d7,'',(1!%(',6#:!7#1+,(1+!&B&):N%&)&! ,1! 0%&! $(410):! +4$%!#+! ,1!

0%&!7(410#,1+J!/:!0%&!/&#$%!#16! ,1!6(N10(N1!"&,)40! Z=,-1&)J!LDDa[P! _1!#66,0,(1!0(!

0%#0J!/,2!'4Q4):!%(0&'!$%#,1+!+0#)0&6!($$49:,12!0%(+&!&790:!#)&#+!N%&)&!)4,1+!-)(7!

0%&!N#)!N&)&!/&-()&!#16!/&2#1! 0(!/4,'6! 0%&,)! )&+()0+J!%(0&'+! #16!A,''#+J! ,1$)&#+,12!

0%&!B#'4&!(-!0%&!#)&#!/:!#00)#$0,12!1&N!0(4),+0+!Z=,-1&)J!LDDa[P!

_1! 0%&! #,)',1&! ,164+0):J! 0%&! ,1$)&#+&! N#+! #'+(! +,21,-,$#10P! ;,66'&! R#+0! 5,)',1&+J! 0%&!

S&/#1&+&!#,)',1&!$(79#1:J!%#6!,0+!-,)+0!9)(-,0!+,1$&!,0+!-(416#0,(1P!

Page 39: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

Ka!!

8&1$&J! 0%&! #00#$O+! ,1! 0%&! j<! +4)9),+,12':! %&'9&6! S&/#1(1! ,1! ,0+! 0(4),+7!

)&$(1+0)4$0,(1P!

<,1$&!0%&!9&),(6!N%&1!"&,)40!N#+!O1(N1!#+!b#),+!(-!0%&!;,66'&!R#+0J!/&-()&!0%&!$,B,'!

N#)!,1!FXXDJ!0%&!$(410):!6,61Y0!%(+0!0%,+!#7(410!(-!,1B&+07&10!#16!6&B&'(97&10P!

GO@O: "#$%&'!)-!'80!/)2,1(#!"-.2(',>!)*!<1..60!Q%('!

5-0&)!0%&!XiFF!0&))(),+0!#00#$O+! ,1!0%&!j<J! -404)&!9)(+9&$0+! -()!;,66'&!R#+0!0(4),+7!

N#+! ,1! 2)&#0! ),+O! (-! 0(0#'! $(''#9+&P! .1! 0%&! 6#:! N%&1! 0%&! 0&))(),+7! #00#$O+! N&)&!

&Q&$40&6J!0%&!j<!#,)+9#$&!N#+!+%40!6(N1!#16!0%&)&!N#+!2)&#0!-&#)!#$)(++!0%&!2'(/&!

(-! #! $#0#+0)(9%,$! (40/)&#O! (-! B,('&1$&! /&0N&&1! 0%&! 5)#/!N()'6! #16! 0%&!M&+0P! ":!

.$0(/&)J! 0)#B&'! )&+&)B#0,(1+! #''! (B&)! 0%&! 2'(/&J! #16! +9&$,-,$#'':! ,1! ;,66'&! R#+0&)1!

$(410),&+J!%#6!6)#7#0,$#'':!6&$',1&6!/:!#/(40!KDm!Zc%&1J!\!C(),&2#J!LDDK[P!!

*%&! /)#16,12! (-! ;,66'&! R#+0&)1! $(410),&+! #+! 0%&! s#Q,+! (-! &B,'Y! -4)0%&)! $#4+&6!

9(0&10,#'!0)#B&'&)+!0(!#B(,6!0)#B&',12!0(!5)#/!$(410),&+P!*(4),+0!9)&-&))&6!0(!0)#B&'!0(!

$(410),&+!0%#0!N&)&!$'(+&)!0(!0%&,)!%(7&!$(410),&+!#16!0%,+!-4)0%&)!6&0&),()#0&6!0%&!

0(4),+0! +,04#0,(1! ,1! S&/#1(1! #16! (0%&)! ;,66'&! R#+0&)1! $(410),&+P! c#1$&''#0,(1+! 0(!

S&/#1(1!,1!0%&!N#O&!(-!0%&!0&))(),+0!#00#$O+!N&)&!#+!%,2%!#+!EDmJ!ZR$(1(7:!M#0$%J!

LDDX[P!

_1!#66,0,(1J! 0%&!j<!2(B&)17&10! ,++4&6! 0)#B&'!#6B,+(),&+J!#6B,+,12! ,0+! $,0,V&1+!1(0! 0(!

0)#B&'!0(!;,66'&!R#+0J!#+!0%&,)!+&$4),0:!#16!+#-&0:!$(4'6!1(0!/&!#++4)&6P!!

*(4)!(9&)#0()+!,1!0%&!M&+0&)1!$(410),&+!)&64$&6!0)#B&'!9)(2)#7+!0(!;,66'&!R#+0&)1!

$(410),&+P! ?4)0%&)J! ,10&)1#0,(1#'! #,)',1&+! 0%#0! %#6! +&)B&6! 0%&! )&2,(1! $40! /#$O! (1!

-',2%0+!0%&)&P!*%(42%!0%&)&!N#+!#!2'(/#'!6&$',1&!(-!0(4),+0!#)),B#'+!,1!0%&!N#O&!(-!0%&!

XiFF! 0&))(),+0! #00#$O+J! 0%&!;,66'&! R#+0! $&)0#,1':! +4--&)&6! 0%&! /)410! (-! 0%&! 6&$',1&!

N,0%!#!9'412&!(-!#/(40!KDm!ZR++1&)J!LDDK[P!!

b),()! 0(! 0%&! 0&))(),+0! #00#$O+J! S&/#1(1! #16! 0%&! ;,66'&! R#+0! )&2,(1! %#6! /&&1!

&Q9&),&1$,12! 2)(N0%! ,1! 0%&! 0(4),+7! +&$0()! N,0%! ,1$)&#+&6! 0(4),+0! #)),B#'+! #$)(++!

;,66'&! R#+0P! *%&! #-0&)7#0%! (-! 0%&! XiFF! #00#$O+!N#+! -4)0%&)!N()+&1&6! /:! &1+4,12!

0&))(),+0!#00#$O+!#$)(++!0%&!5)#/!N()'6J!N%,$%!N&)&!7#,1':!0#)2&0&6!#0!0(4),+0!+9(0+!

,1!0%&!;4+',7!$(410),&+P!!

Page 40: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

KG!!

*(4),+7! ,1! S&/#1(1! #16! (0%&)!;,66'&! R#+0&)1! $(410),&+! ,+! -4)0%&)! #--&$0&6! /:! 0%&!

,10&)1#0,(1#'!7&6,#!$(B&)#2&!0%#0!0%&!)&2,(1!)&$&,B&+!Z*#)'(NJ!LDDL[P!_1!7(+0!$#+&+J!

0%&! $(B&)#2&! ,+! (-0&1! 1&2#0,B&! #16! %,2%',2%0+! 0%&! B4'1&)#/,',0:! (-! 0%&! )&2,(1! 0(!

9(',0,$#'J! )&',2,(4+! #16! 0&))(),+0! B,('&1$&P! *%&! 9&)$&90,(1! (-! 0%&! N&+0&)1! N()'6!

0(N#)6+!0%&!5)#/!N()'6!N()+&1+!0%&!&$(1(7,$!+,04#0,(1!(-!;,66'&!R#+0&)1!0(4),+7!

,164+0):!Z=,+,)N#1,J!LDDK[P!!

;,66'&!R#+0! #+! #! )&2,(1! ,+! #--&$0&6!/:! 0%&! B,('&1$&! 0%#0! ,+! 2(,12!(1! ,1!1&,2%/(),12!

$(410),&+P! *%&! 9%&1(7&1(1! %#+! $(7&! 0(! /&! O1(N1! #+! 0%&! 1&,2%/()%((6! &--&$0!

N%&)&!0(4),+0+!9&)$&,B&!B,('&1$&!($$4)),12!,1!(1&!$(410):!#+!#--&$0,12!0%&!N%('&!(-!

;,66'&!R#+0!#+!#!)&2,(1!ZC&47#:&)J!LDDKg!*#)'(NJ!LDDK[P!

_1!0%&!&#)':!XD+J!#00#$O+!6,)&$0&6!#0!0%&!-()&,21!0(4),+0+!N%(!B,+,0&6!;,66'&!R#+0&)1!

$(410),&+!N&)&! ,1!7(+0!$#+&+!9&)9&0)#0&6!/:! _+'#7,+0! -416#7&10#',+0+!N%(!N#10&6!

0(!6&9(+&!5)#/!2(B&)17&10+! 0%#0!N&)&!+&&1!#+!/&,12!9)(dN&+0&)1P!b#)0,$4'#)':! -()!

0%&! $(410),&+! 0%#0!N&)&!%&#B,':! )&',#10!(1! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! -()! 0%&,)! &$(1(7:J!

',O&! S&/#1(1J! 0%&! 0&))(),+0! #00#$O+! 6&#'0! #! %&#B:! /'(N! (1! 0%&! -,1#1$,#'! %&#'0%! /:!

,1$#9#$,0#0,12!0%&!,164+0):!#16!6,+$(4)#2,12!N&+0&)1!0(4),+0+!-)(7!#)),B,12!,10(!0%&!

$(410):P!!

5$$()6,12!0(!5V,V!Z:&#)[J!0(4),+0+!#)&!4+&6!#+!#!7&#1+!0(! '#41$%!#00#$O+!#2#,1+0!0%&!

$(410):!#16!0(!,1$#9#$,0#0&!#!7#e()!&$(1(7,$!9,''#)!(-!0%&!$(410):P!*%,+!+,04#0,(1!,+!

6&7(1+0)#0&6! /:! 0%&! #00#$O+! (-! 0(4),+0+! 0%#0!N&)&! $#)),&6! (40! ,1! R2:90! 64),12! 0%&!

XD+J! #16! 0%&! 0)&16! %#+! /&&1! &Q9&),&1$&6! ,1! 0%&! N,6&)! ;,66'&! R#+0&)1! )&2,(1J!

,1$'46,12!S&/#1(1P!!

M,0%!0%,+!$),0,$#'!O1(N'&62&!(-!0&))(),+7!#16!,0+!,79#$0!(1!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):J!9(+0!

XiFF!0)#B&'!#16!0(4),+7!N#+!(-0&1!6,+$4++&6!,1!0%&!$(10&Q0!(-!0%&!0&))(),+7!0%)&#0J!

Z*#)'(NJ!LDDK[P!5$$()6,12!0(!*#)'(NJ!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!N#+!#0!0%&!-)(10!(-!0%&+&!

1&N!$(1-',$0+!#16!0%&!6:1#7,$+!(-!0%&!,164+0):!N&)&!/&,12!2)&#0':!,79#$0&6!/:!0%&!

0&))(),+0!0%)&#0P!

b(+0!XiFF!#16!&1+4,12!#00#$O+!(1!0(4),+0+!-)(7!M&+0&)1!$(410),&+!N#+!9&)$&,B&6!#+!

#!1&N!2'(/#'!0%)&#0!0(!0%&!2'(/#'!0(4),+0!&$(1(7:P!!

Page 41: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

KH!!

GOA /0,,),1(#!7&'(!1-!304%-)-!

GOAO: L,1#0!<1-1('0,!J%*1K!\%,1,1M(!7((%((1-%'1)-!

`#-,O! 8#),),! ,+! N,6&':! )&-&))&6! 0(! #+! #! N&''dO1(N1! S&/#1&+&! &10)&9)&1&4)J!

/4+,1&++7#1!#16!9%,'#10%)(9,+0P!8&!N#+!&'&$0&6! 0%&!b),7&!;,1,+0&)!(-! S&/#1(1! ,1!

FXXLJ! ),2%0! #-0&)! 0%&! $,B,'! N#)J! /&,12! 0%&! (1&! )&+9(1+,/'&! -()! 0%&! 9%:+,$#'! #16!

&$(1(7,$!)&$(1+0)4$0,(1!(-!0%&!$(410):! ,1!0%&!-(''(N,12!:&#)+J!410,'!%,+!)&+,21#0,(1!

,1! LDDaP! 8,+! $(1+,6&)#/'&! #$$(79',+%7&10+! N%,'&! b),7&! ;,1,+0&)! 7#6&! %,7! #!

9(',0,$,#1! ,1! 0%&!;,66'&!R#+0J!&+9&$,#'':!#7(12! 0%&! S&/#1&+&!$,0,V&1+! Z`#-,O!8#),),! d!

*%&!.--,$,#'!M&/+,0&[P!!

"&,12!0%&!N&#'0%,&+0!7#1!,1!0%&!$(410):!f!N,0%!#!-()041&!&+0,7#0&6!#0!joa!/,'',(1!d!

%&'9&6! `#-,O! 8#),),! 0(! +0#)0! S&/#1(1Y+! )&$(1+0)4$0,(1!N,0%! +,21,-,$#10! +9(1+()+P! 8&!

4+&6! %,+! ,1-'4&1$&+! #16! /4+,1&++! 1&0N()O,12! $(10#$0+! 0(! #00)#$0! 9(N&)-4'! -),&16+!

-)(7! ?)#1$&J! 0%&! >4'-! #16! <#46,! 5)#/,#! #16! 9(0&10,#'! ,1B&+0()+! 0(! "&,)40J!

#$$&'&)#0,12!0%&!&$(1(7:!#2#,1!Z8&11($OJ!LDDG[P!

?()!;)P!8#),),J!0%&)&!N#+!1(!()6&)!(-!,79()0#1$&!-()!0%&!$(410):Y+!1&&6+!64),12!0%&!

9(+0dN#)! &)#P! 8&! ,1,0,#',V&6! #! 7#++,B&! )&$(1+0)4$0,(1! 9)($&++! &--()0J! 6&$'#),12!

&B&):0%,12! #+! #! 9),(),0:! -()! 0%&! )&/4,'6,12! 9)($&++J! +4$%! #+! %(+9,0#'+J! +$%(('+J!

,1-)#+0)4$04)&!ZN#0&)J!9%(1&+J!&'&$0),$,0:[!#16!0%&!&$(1(7:P!!

34),12!;#:! (-! FXXaJ! 0%&! 9),7&!7,1,+0&)! /&',&B&6! 0%#0! ,-! 0%&! 6(N10(N1! (-! "&,)40!

N&)&! )&/4,'0J! ',-&!N(4'6! )&04)1! 0(! S&/#1(1P! *%4+J! %&! +0#)0&6! #! 9)(e&$0! 0(! )&B,0#',V&!

0%&!c&10)#'!3,+0),$0!(-!"&,)40!Z"c3[!,1!()6&)!0(!#$%,&B&!0%,+!2(#'P!<,Q0&&1!:&#)+!#-0&)!

0%&!/&2,11,12!(-! 0%,+!9)(e&$0J!6(N10(N1!"&,)40! ,+! +0,''! 0%&! $()&!9'#$&!(-! 0(4),+7! ,1!

S&/#1(1J!/&,12!0%&!7&&0,12!9(,10!-()!#''! -()&,21&)+J!5)#/+!#16!S&/#1&+&!9&(9'&P! _1!

#66,0,(1! 0(! 0%#0J! ,0! ,+! 0%&! -,1#1$,#'! 6,+0),$0! #16! 0%&! $(410):Y+! ,1+0,040,(1#'! 9('(!

'($#0,(1! Z`#-,O! 8#),),! d! *%&! .--,$,#'! M&/+,0&[P! <,1$&! 0(4),+7! ,1! S&/#1(1! ,+! 6,)&$0':!

',1O&6!0(!0%&!&$(1(7:!(-!0%&!$(410):J!0%&!9),7&!7,1,+0&)Y+!#$0,(1+!N&)&!$)4$,#'!-()!

0%&!147/&)!(-!B,+,0()+!0(!,1$)&#+&P!

;)P!`#-,O!8#),),!N#+!#++#++,1#0&6!(1!?&/)4#):!FaJ!LDDGP!51!&Q9'(+,(1!N#+!6&0(1#0&6!

(1! 0%&! 9),7&!7,1,+0&)Y+! $(1B(:! 1&Q0! 0(! "&,)40Y+!7#),1#! ),2%0! #-0&)! %&! %#6! '&-0! 0%&!

9#)',#7&10!/4,'6,12P! _1! #66,0,(1! 0(!%,7J! #1(0%&)! LD!9&(9'&!6,&6!64),12! 0%&! #00#$OJ!

#16!0%&!$4'9),0!,+!:&0!0(!/&!-(416!Z`#-,O!8#),),!d!*%&!.--,$,#'!M&/+,0&[P!

Page 42: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

KE!!

5-0&)! %,+! 0)#2,$! 6&#0%J! 0%&! 2(B&)17&10! 6&$,6&6! 0(! )&1#7&! "&,)40Y+! ,10&)1#0,(1#'!

#,)9()0!N,0%!0%&!9),7&!7,1,+0&)Y+!%,+!1#7&J!+,1$&!,0+!492)#6&!N#+!%,+!9)(e&$0! P!U*%&!

)&d&7&)2,12!0(4),+7!,164+0):!,1!S&/#1(1!+4--&)&6!#!+,21,-,$#10!+&0/#$O!)&$&10':!N,0%!

0%&! 7#++,B&! &Q9'(+,(1! 0%#0! O,''&6! S&/#1&+&! b)&7,&)! `#-,O! 8#),),! #16! 6#7#2&6! #!

%#16-4'!(-!"&,)40!%(0&'+W!Z;,66'&!R#+0J!LDDG[P!

"&-()&! `#-,O! 8#),),Y+! #++#++,1#0,(1J! 0%&! %(0&'+! ,1! "&,)40! &1e(:&6! #! XDm! )((7!

($$49#1$:!)#0&!#16!0%,+!6)(99&6!0(!#'7(+0!KDm!#-0&)!0%&!#++#++,1#0,(1P!_1!0%&!)&+0!(-!

0%&! $(410):J! 0%&! ($$49#1$:! N#+! #! 7&)&! Gm! ()! '&++! Z]#0&)J! LDDH[P! *%&+&! 9#'0):!

147/&)+! N&)&! $(79),+&6! (-! B,+,0()+! -)(7! 5)#/! $(410),&+J! #+! (0%&)! ,10&)1#0,(1#'!

B,+,0()+! -)(7! 0%&!M&+0&)1! $(410),&+! +%411&6! 0%&! $(410):P! URB&1! 0%(42%! S&/#1(1!

N#+!6(N1!FDm!,1!0%&!0(4),+7!+&$0()! ,1!LDDGJ!7()&!0%#1!FPL!7,'',(1!0(4),+0+!B,+,0&6!

S&/#1(1W!Z;#)0,1!?)(+0J!LDDH[P!

_1!#!7(B&!0(!)&64$&!(9&)#0,(1#'!$(+0+J!7#e()!%(0&'+!+%40!6(N1!+(7&!-'(()+!(-!0%&,)!

9)(9&)0,&+!64&!0(!0%&!#/+&1$&!(-!B,+,0()+P!*%,+!+4/+&T4&10':!'&6!0(!0%&!'(++!(-!7#1:!

e(/+!,1!0%&!,164+0):J!N%,$%!$(4'6!1(!'(12&)!#--()6!0(!9#:!0%&,)!+#'#),&+P!*%,+!+,04#0,(1!

+%(N+! 0%&!N,6&!&--&$0+! 0%#0! 0%&!9(()!9&)-()7#1$&!(-! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):!%#6!(1!

0%&!&$(1(7:!(-!0%&!$(410):!Z<0)(12!\!](412J!LDDH[P!

*%&! #++#++,1#0,(1! #16! +4/+&T4&10! ,1+0#/,',0:! 6,+)490&6! 0%&! (9&)#0,(1! (-! 7#1:!

)&+0#4)#10+J! &+9&$,#'':! ,1! $&10)#'! "&,)40! Z]#0&+J! LDDH[P!;#1:! (-! 0%&+&! (40'&0+!N&)&!

#'+(! $(79&''&6! 0(! +4+9&16! 0%&,)! +&)B,$&+! 64&! 0(! 0%&! +,0d,1+! #16! 94/',$!

6&7(1+0)#0,(1+J! #16! 0%&! )#7,-,$#0,(1+! N&)&! #! +&),(4+! '(++! (-! )&B&14&! -()! 0%&!

,164+0):P! *%&! 147/&)+! ,16,$#0&! 0%#0! #0! 0%,+! 0,7&J! aD! (9&)#0()+! +4+9&16&6! 0%&,)!

(9&)#0,(1+J!N%,'&! #/(40! KG! %#6! 0(! 9&)7#1&10':! $'(+&! 0%&,)! /4+,1&++&+P!;()&! 0%#1!

GDD! %(0&'! N()O&)+! '(+0! 0%&,)! e(/+! #16! ',B&',%((6+! #+! #! )&+4'0! (-! 0%,+! +4+9&1+,(1! (-!

+&)B,$&+!()!9&)7#1&10!$'(+4)&P!_1!LDDE!0%&!;,1,+0):!(-!*(4),+7!&+0,7#0&6!0%&!'(++&+!

,1$4))&6!/:!0%&!)&+0#4)#10+!0(!(1':!&Q$&&6!KD!7,'',(1!j<!6(''#)+!Z;,1,+0):!(-!*(4),+7J!

LDDE[P!

GOAO; I0,10(!)*!/0,,),1(#!7&'(!

*%&!0&))(),+0Y+!1&0N()O+!,1!S&/#1(1!%#B&!&12#2&6!6,--&)&10!0#$0,$+J!N%,$%!#'+(!,1e4)&!

0%&! 0(4),+0! ,164+0):! (-! 0%&! $(410):P! 57(12! 0%&+&! 0#$0,$+! #)&! 0%&! #++#++,1#0,(1+! (-!

e(4)1#',+0! #16! 7&6,#! 9&)+(1#',0,&+! ,1! 0%&! $(410):P! 34),12! 0%&! 41+0#/'&! :&#)+! (-!

Page 43: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

Kh!!

S&/#1(1Y+! 9(',0,$+J! +&B&)#'! e(4)1#',+0+! %#B&! /&&1! 74)6&)&6! ()! O,61#99&6P! _1! I41&!

LDDGJ! <#7,)! =#+,7J! #! *4&1,Y+! 1&N+9#9&)! e(4)1#',+0! N#+! /)40#'':!74)6&)&6! 4+,12! #!

/(7/!0%#0!N#+!9'#$&6!416&)!%,+!$#)P! _1!#1(0%&)! ,1$,6&10J!#1!#00&790!N#+!7#6&!(1!

;#:!c%,6,$#Y+!',-&J!#!-#7(4+!*A!%(+0&++J!#/(40!0N(!7(10%+!'#0&)P!*%(42%!+%&!6,6!1(0!

'((+&! %&)! ',-&J! +%&! +4+0#,1&6! +&),(4+! ,1e4),&+! 64),12! 0%&! #00#$OP! *%&! 74)6&)! (-!

e(4)1#',+0+!,+!#!1(0!#!1&N!9%&1(7&1(1P!*%,+!0)&16!&Q,+0&6!&B&1!,1!9)&d$,B,'!N#)!6#:+!

ZS&/#1(1J! LDDh[P! C#++,/!;#01,J! #16! &6,0()! (-! 0%&! 5'! *&'&2)#9%! N&)&!74)6&)&6! ,1!

FXGhP!*%&!9#1d5)#/!6#,':!&6,0()!N#+!+%(0!#16!O,''&6!,1!FXHHJ!#16!,1!FXhDJ!0%&!&6,0()!

(-! 0%&!5'!8#N#6&0%!9#9&)!N#+!O,''&6!#16!740,'#0&6P! _1! 0%&! +#7&!:&#)J! 0%&!$%#,)!(-!

S&/#1(1Y+!&6,0()Y+! +:16,$#0&!N#+!#'+(!74)6&)&6P! _1!#''! (-! 0%&+&! $#+&+J!1(1&!(-! 0%&!

9&)9&0)#0()+!(-!0%&!#00#$O+!%#B&!/&&1!9&1#',V&6!Z;,''+J!LDDX[P!

*%&!74)6&)!(-!%,2%!9)(-,'&!e(4)1#',+0+!#16!7&6,#!9&)+(1#',0,&+!,1!0%&!$(410):!7&#1+!

0%#0! 0%&:! #)&! $(B&)&6! /:! 0%&! ,10&)1#0,(1#'!7&6,#J! N%,$%! #2#,1! $(10),/40&+! 0(! 0%&!

1&2#0,B&! ,7#2&! (-! S&/#1(1! #+! #! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1! Z"4+,1&++! ;,66'&! R#+0J! LDDE[P!

b(0&10,#'! 0(4),+0+! +&&! +4$%! $#+&+! #+! ,16,$#0()+! (-! '#$O! (-! +#-&0:! ,1! 0%&! $(410):J! ,1!

#66,0,(1!0(!#!B('#0,'&!9(',0,$#'!#07(+9%&)&P!*%&!'#$O!(-!e4+0,$&!-()!0%&+&!74)6&)+!#'+(!

,79',&+!0%#0!0%&!+0#0&!%#+!1(!+4--,$,&10!)&+(4)$&+!0(!&,0%&)!0)#$&!0%&!9&)9&0)#0()+J!()!

0%&!9(N&)!/&%,16!+4$%!74)6&)+!&Q$&&6+!0%&!$#9#$,0:!(-!0%&!2(B&)17&10P!*%,+!#'+(!

,16,$#0&+!0%#0!0%&!+&$4),0:!+:+0&7!(-!0%&!$(410):!,+!-)#27&10&6!#16!1(0!+4--,$,&10!0(!

&1+4)&! 0%&! +&$4),0:! (-! ,0+! (N1! $,0,V&1+J! '&0! #'(1&! 0%#0! (-! 9(0&10,#'! B,+,0()+! 0(! 0%&!

$(410):P!<4$%!#00#$O+!#)&!$#)),&6!/:!0&))(),+0!1&0N()O+!N%(!N#10!0(!+,'&1$&!/:!-()$&J!

0%(+&!e(4)1#',+0!N%(!94/',$':!$),0,$,V&!0%&,)!,6&('(2:!()!416&)7,1&!,0!0%&,)!#)0,$'&+!()!

1&N+!$(B&)#2&! ZS&/#1(1J!LDDh[P!*%,+!#2#,1!+4/+0#10,#0&+! 0%&!9(N&)-4'!9)&+&1$&!(-!

0&))(),+0! 2)(49+! 0%#0! 0%&! 2(B&)17&10! %#+! 0(! $(10&16J! #+! +4$%! #$0,B,0,&+! +$#)&!

9(0&10,#'!B,+,0()+!0(!0%&!$(410):P!

_1!#66,0,(1! 0(! 0%&!74)6&)!(-!%,2%!9)(-,'&! e(4)1#',+0+!/#+&6!(1!9(',0,$#'!7(0,B#0,(1+J!

0%&)&!%#B&!/&&1!$(410'&++!(0%&)!74)6&)+!(-!9)(7,1&10!9&)+(1#',0,&+!,1!0%&!$(410):J!

+4$%!#+!)&',2,(4+!'&#6&)+J!#!-()7&)!9),7&!7,1,+0&)J!#!9)&+,6&10J!#!9)&+,6&10d&'&$0J!#16!

2(B&)17&10!(--,$,#'+!#7(12!(0%&)!%,2%!9)(-,'&!,16,B,64#'+!Z;,''+J!LDDX[P!;(+0!(-!0%&!

74)6&)&6! e(4)1#',+0+!N)(0&!()!94/',+%&6!#)0,$'&+!0%#0!N&)&!#2#,1+0!<:),#1! ,1-'4&1$&!

,1! S&/#1(1! #16! %#B&! '#)2&':! /&&1! $,0&6! #+! /&,12! 9&)9&0)#0&6! /:! <:),#1! 0&))(),+0!

-#$0,(1+! ZS&/#1(1J! LDDh[P! `#-,O! 8#),),! N#+! #++#++,1#0&6! #-0&)! %,+! )&+,21#0,(1! #16!

+4/+&T4&10!e(,1,12!,1!0%&!(99(+,0,(1P!*%&:!6&7#16&6!0%&!,77&6,#0&!N,0%6)#N#'!(-!

Page 44: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

KX!!

<:),#1! 0)((9+! N,0%,1! S&/#1(1Y+! /()6&)+! #16! 0%#0! 0%&! <:),#1! 2(B&)17&10! +0(9+! ,0+!

,10&)-&)&1$&!,1!0%&!#--#,)+!(-!0%&!S&/#1&+&!2(B&)17&10P!*%&+&!$),0,$,+7+!)&+4'0&6!,1!

8#),),Y+! #++#++,1#0,(1! +%()0':! 0%&)&#-0&)J! #16! 0%&! /'#7&! N#+! 940! +T4#)&':! (1!

3#7#+$4+P!

8&V/(''#%!(9&)#0&+!416&)!0%&!+499()0!(-!<:),#!#16!,0+!N&#9(1+!#16!7,',0#):!0)#,1,12!

#)&!+(4)$&6!-)(7!_)#1P!*%&!2)(49!,+!%&#6T4#)0&)&6!,1!"&,)40J!S&/#1(1Y+!$#9,0#'J!#16!

%#+! -,)7! $(10)('! #16! ,1-'4&1$&! (-! <%,,0&! ,1! S&/#1(1Y+! +(40%! #+! N&''! #+! 0%&! "##O#!

B#''&:P!*%,+!-#$,',0#0&+!-()!0%&!&#+:!7(B&7&10!(-!0&))(),+0+!N,0%,1!0%,+!)&2,(1!N,0%(40!

0%&! -&#)! (-! )#7,-,$#0,(1+! Z8&:&)J! LDDX[P! 8&V/(''#%! #00#$O+! (1! _+)#&'! 9)(B(O&6!

)&0#',#0,(1!/:!0%&!_+)#&',!#16!+4/+&T4&10!(40/)&#O!(-!0%&!LDDH!N#)P!*%&!9)(B($#0,(1!

#'+(! ,1$'46&6! 0%&! O,61#99,12! (-! 0N(! +('6,&)+! (-! _+)#&',! 1#0,(1#',0:P! *%&! _+)#&',!

)&+9(1+&!0(!0%,+!#00#$O!/:!0%&!8&V/(''#%!#'7(+0!/)(42%0!0%&!2(B&)17&10!(-!S&/#1(1!

0(! ,0+! O1&&+P! _+)#&',! #00#$O+! N&)&! 6,)&$0&6! 0(! +0),O,12! 0%&! %&#)0! (-! 0%&! S&/#1&+&!

&$(1(7:J! N%,$%! N#+! '#)2&':! 6&9&16&10! (1! 0(4),+7! Z8&:&)J! LDDX[P! *%&!

0)#1+9()0#0,(1! +:+0&7J! N%,$%! ,1$'46&! #,)J! N#0&)! #16! )(#6! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&J! N#+!

/&+,&2&6!#16!6&+0)(:&6P!*%,+!+,04#0,(1!&1+4)&6!0%#0!S&/#1(1!N#+!,+('#0&6!#16!0%#0!

0(4),+0+! /&$#7&! +0)#16&6! ,1! 0%&! $(410):! 64&! 0(! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&! 0%#0! %#6! /&$(7&!

2)(416&6P!*%&!S&/#1&+&!2(B&)17&10!'#$O&6!0%&!$#9#$,0:!0(!)&,1!,1!0%&!2)(49!N%(+&!

(9&)#0,(1+!%#B&!/&&1!$,0&6!#+!/&,12!0&))(),+0!#$0,B,0,&+P!

8&V/(''#%!,+!#'+(!#!9(',0,$#'!(40-,0!0%#0!,+!)&9)&+&10&6!#+!#!9(',0,$#'!9#)0:P!*%&!2)(49Y+!

+0)(12%('6! (1! 0%&! S&/#1&+&! 2(B&)17&10! ,+! &B,6&10!N,0%! 0%&! 2)(49! ($$49:,12! FLh!

9#)',#7&10#):!+&#0+P!8&V/(''#%!$(77#16+!#!+0)(12!,1-'4&1$&!(1!0%&!<%,,0&!;4+',7+!

,1! S&/#1(1P! *%,+! ,1-'4&1$&! ,+! )&,1-()$&6! /:! 0%&! -#$0! 0%#0! 0%&! 2)(49! 9)(B,6&+! +($,#'!

#7&1,0,&+!+4$%!#+!&64$#0,(1J!7&6,$#'!$#)&!#16!(0%&)!+($,#'!9)(2)#7+!Z>%#V,J!FXXE[P!

<,1$&!8&V/(''#%!,+!9),7#),':!+499()0&6!/:!<:),#J!0%&!,1-'4&1$&!(-!<:),#! ,+!&Q0&1+,B&':!

-&'0! ,1! 0%&! $(410):P! *%&! <:),#1+! +#N! 0%&! (99()041,0:! 0(! ,1-,'0)#0&! 0%&! #--#,)+! (-!

S&/#1(1!#-0&)!0%&!$(410):!%#6!/&&1!N&#O&1&6!#16!+%#)9':!6,B,6&6!/:!0%&!$,B,'!N#)!

Z=)#:&7J!LDDK[P!*%&!)#0,(1#'&!/&%,16!<:),#1Y+!,1B#+,(1!(-!S&/#1(1!,+!0%#0!S&/#1(1!,+!

+499(+&6! 0(! /&! 9#)0! (-! <:),#P! 34),12! 0%&! $,B,'!N#)J! <:),#1! 0)((9+! &10&)&6! S&/#1(1!

#16! e(,1&6! -()$&+! N,0%! 0%&! b#'&+0,1,#1!;4+',7+! 0(! N#2&!N#)! #2#,1+0! 0%&! c%),+0,#1!

,1$47/&10+P!?4)0%&)7()&J!S&/#1(1!%#+!&10&)&6! ,10(!#! 0)&#0:!N,0%!<:),#! 0%#0!$#''&6!

-()!/)(0%&)%((6!#16!$(()6,1#0,(1J!/40!0%&!9#$0!&16&6!N%&1!<:),#!N#+!$(79&''&6!0(!

Page 45: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

aD!!

)&7(B&! ,0+! 0)((9+! -)(7!S&/#1(1! ,1!LDDG! Z>%#V,J! FXXE[P! *%&! 0)((9+!N&)&! -()$&6! 0(!

'&#B&! S&/#1&+&! 0&)),0():! #-0&)! 7#++,B&! ,10&)1#0,(1#'! 9)&++4)&! #16! +4/+&T4&10!

9)(0&+0!0%#0!$4'7,1#0&6!#-0&)!0%&!#++#++,1#0,(1!(-!`#-,O!8#),),!,1!I4':!(-!0%#0!7(10%P!5!

)&9()0!/:! 0%&!jC!7&10,(1&6!<:),#!#+!%#B,12!9'#:&6!#!O&:! )('&! ,1! 0%&!#++#++,1#0,(1!

ZS#6O,!\!<#6O,J!LDDa[P!

8&V/(''#%!%#+!(9&1':!#00#$O&6!57&),$#1!$,0,V&1+! ,1!S&/#1(1!0%)(42%(40! 0%&!:&#)+P!

_1! 0%&!FXhDY+J!(B&)!KDD!57&),$#1!$,0,V&1+!N&)&!O,''&6! ,1! 0&))(),+0!#00#$O+! ,1+,6&! 0%&!

57&),$#1!&7/#++:!,1!S&/#1(1P!.0%&)+!N&)&!#00#$O&6!,1!0%&!7#),1&!/#))#$O+P!*%&)&!

N&)&!+&),&+!(-!=,61#99,12+!(-!57&),$#1!$,0,V&1+!/:!0&))(),+0+!,1!"&,)40!64),12!0%&!hDY+!

#16! 0%&!%,e#$O,12!(-!#!9'#1&! ,1!FXhG! ZS#6O,!\!<#6O,J!LDDa[P!RB&1!#-0&)! 0%&!N#)!#16!

+4/+&T4&10! $#'7! )&04)1,12! 0(! S&/#1(1J! 0%&)&! #)&! +0,''! ,+('#0&6! $#+&+! (-! /(7/,12+!

0%#0!$(10,14&!0(!7#)!0%&!9&#$&!#16!+0#/,',0:!(-!0%&!$(410):P!.1!0%&!Fa0%!(-!I4':!LDDXJ!

0%&)&!N#+!#1!&Q9'(+,(1!,1!#!/4,'6,12!0%#0!N#+!4+&6!#+!#!N&#9(1+!%('6,12!%(4+&!-()!

0%&!8&V/(''#%!1&#)!0%&!_+)#&',!/()6&)P!.1!.$0(/&)!FL0%!(-!0%&!+#7&!:&#)J!0%&)&!N#+!

#1! &Q9'(+,(1! ,1+,6&! 0%&! %(4+&! (-! #! 8&V/(''#%!7&7/&)P! *%&! %(4+&!N#+! #'+(! /&,12!

4+&6!#+!#!+0()#2&!-#$,',0:P!

H /)2,1(#!I%*0'>!

*%&!XiFF!0&))(),+0+!#00#$O+!,1!0%&!j<!6&#'0!#!%&#B:!/'(N!(1!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!#''!

(B&)! 0%&! 2'(/&! Z<#Q0(1! LDDL[P! *%,+! ,1$,6&10! $#4+&6! 0%&! 6&/#0&! (1! 0(4),+7! #16!

+&$4),0:! 0(! 0#O&! 0%&! -()&-)(10J! #16! +,1$&J! 7#1:! +0#0&+! %#B&! #6(90&6! $(410&)!

7&#+4)&+!0(!7#Q,7,V&!+&$4),0:!,1!0%&,)!$(410),&+P!*%,+!,+!04)1!N,''!7#O&!0%&!0(4),+0+!

-&&'!+#-&!N%,'&!B,+,0,12!0%&!#00)#$0,(1+!,1!0%&!$(410):P!!

!<&$4),0:! 0%)&#0+! %#B&! /&&1! #!7#e()! ,++4&! 0%#0! %#+! /&&1!%#79&),12! 0%&! 2)(N0%! (-!

S&/#1(1Y+!0(4),+7!,164+0):!-()!#!'(12!0,7&P!*%,+!+,04#0,(1!%#+!&1+4)&6!0%#0!0%&!+0#0&!

%#+!1(0!:&0!/&&1!#/'&!0(!)&#',V&! ,0+! -4''!9(0&10,#'! -()!-()&,21!B,+,0()+!#16!0%&!0(4),+0!

#00)#$0,(1+! %#B&! 1(0! /&&1! +4--,$,&10':! &Q9'(,0&6! 0(! 0%&,)! -4''! $#9#$,0:! Z<0)(12! \!

](412J!LDDH[P!<&$4),0:!,1!0(4),+7!,+!T4,0&!&Q0&1+,B&J!#+!,0!/&2,1+!N,0%!0)#1+9()0#0,(1!

#16!$(B&)+! 0%&!0(4),+0!&10,)&!+0#:!N%,'&! ,1! 0%&!$(410):!410,'! 0%&:!#)&!/#$O!+#-&':! ,1!

0%&,)!$(410):!(-!(),2,1P!<#-&!0)#B&'!0%&)&-()&!,+!T4,0&!+,21,-,$#10!,1!#!/,6!0(!#00)#$0!#16!

)&0#,1!-()&,21!B,+,0()+!Z<#Q0(1!LDDL[P!!

Page 46: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

aF!!

!*)#B&'!,+!#!B,0#'!#16!$),0,$#'!$(79(1&10!(-!0%&!0(4),+0!+&$0()P!*(4),+0+!1&&6!0(!0)#B&'!

-)(7!0%&,)! $(410):!(-!(),2,1! 0(! 0%&! 0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1J!#16! 0%&,)!7(B&7&10!+%(4'6!

/&! +#-&P! _1! 0%&! #/+&1$&! (-! +#-&! N#:+! 0(! 0)#B&'J! 0(4),+7! N,''! 1(0! -'(4),+%! Z*#)'(NJ!

LDDK[P!*)#B&'!#16! 0(4),+7! ,164+0),&+!%#B&!#1! ,10),$#0&! )&'#0,(1+%,9P!*%&!<&90&7/&)!

FF!0&))(),+0!#00#$O+!N&)&!$#)),&6!(40!4+,12!#,)9'#1&+!0%#0!N&)&!0%&1!4+&6!#+!N&#9(1+!

#16!$)#+%&6!,10(!0%&!N()'6!0)#6&!$&10&)!/4,'6,12+P!;#1:!0(4),+0+!(-0&1!4+&!#,)!0)#B&'!

0(!2&0!0(!0%&!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1!(-!$%(,$&P!_1!0%&!N#O&!(-!0%&!#00#$O+J!0(4),+7!#16!#,)!

0)#B&'!&Q9&),&1$&6!#!+%#)9!6)(9J!#16!#''!$(410),&+!)&9()0&6!6&$)&#+&6!0(4),+0!#)),B#'+!

Z<0)(12! \! ](412J! LDDH[P! *%&! 0&))()! #$0+! 0%&)&-()&! +0)4$O! #0! 0%&! B&):! $()&! (-! 0%&!

0(4),+7!,164+0):!/:!$)&#0,12!0%&!-&#)!(-!0)#B&'!64&!0(!0%&!41+#-&!$(16,0,(1+P!S&/#1(1!

N#+! +,21,-,$#10':! #--&$0&6! /:! 0%&! )&9&)$4++,(1+! (-! 0%&! #00#$O+! N,0%! #! 6&$)&#+&6!

#7(410!(-!0(4),+0!N,'',12!0(!0)#B&'P!!

HO: 9,1(1(!<%-%=0#0-'!

>,B&1!0%#0!S&/#1(1Y+!0(4),+7!,164+0):!%#+!2(1&!0%)(42%!)&$4))&10!9&),(6+!(-!6&$',1&!

#16! +4/+&T4&10! )&$(B&):J!/(0%! 0%&!2(B&)17&10!#16! 0%&!9),B#0&! +&$0()!#)&!9400,12!

-()0%! $(10,14&6!&--()0+! 0(! $(410&)! 0%&!6&+0)4$0,B&!&--&$0+!(-!N#)+! #16! $(1-',$0! #16!

#$0,B&':! &12#2&! ,1! 0%&! 9)(7(0,(1! (-! &Q9#1+,(1! #16! 2)(N0%! (-! 0%&! ,164+0):! Z]#0&+J!

LDDH[P!34),12!9)&B,(4+!9&),(6+!N%&1!0%&!+0#0&!(-!S&/#1(1!N#+!&Q9&),&1$,12!6&$',1&!

,1! ,0+!0(4),+7!,164+0):J!0%&!)&+9(1+&!(-!0%&!9),B#0&!+&$0()!#16!0%&!2(B&)17&10!N#+!

0%&!$)&#0,(1!(-!7#)O&0,12!$#79#,21+!0%#0!N&)&!6,)&$0&6!#0!+9&$,-,$!2)(49+!#16!2,B,12!

6,+$(410+! 0(! 0)#B&'&)+P! _1!7(+0! $#+&+J! 0%&+&!7&#+4)&+!N&)&! ,79'&7&10&6! 0((! '#0&!

Z=#1+(J! \! <,11(J! FXXX[P! 50! 0,7&+J! 0%&)&! N#+! #1! #/+&1$&! (-! 6&$,+,B&! #$0,(1! ,1!

$(410&),12! 0%&! &--&$0+! (-! N#)! #16! 0&))(),+7! #16! )&$(B&),12! 0%&! 6&$',1,12! 0(4),+7!

,164+0):P!!*%&!2(B&)17&10!#16!0%&!9),B#0&!+&$0()!#'+(!-#,'&6!0(!,79'&7&10!7&#+4)&+!

0%#0!N(4'6!#B&)0!#1:! -404)&!$),+&+! -)(7!%#B,12!#!+,7,'#)!&--&$0!()!&B&1!7#O,12! 0%&!

+,04#0,(1! N()+&P! *%&)&-()&J! &#$%! 0,7&! 0%&)&! ,+! #! 1&N! $),+,+! ,1! 0%&! $(410):J! 0%&!

,164+0):! ,+! -(416! 41#N#)&! #16! 419)&9#)&6! 0(! $(410&)! 0%&! 1&2#0,B&! ,79#$0+! (1!

0(4),+7!Z=#1+(J!\!<,11(J!FXXX[P!R#$%!1&N!$),+,+!7&#1+!0%#0!0%&!,164+0):!,+!#--&$0&6J!

#16J!#0!0,7&+J!'&-0!,1!#!-#)!N()+&!+,04#0,(1!0%#1!9)&B,(4+':!&Q9&),&1$&6P!

_1! #66,0,(1J! 0%&! +0#0&! %#+! 1(0! 9)(B,6&6! +4--,$,&10! -416+! 0%#0! N(4'6! 7&#1,12-4'':!

$4+%,(1!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!(-!S&/#1(1!-)(7!$#0#+0)(9%,$!6&$',1&P!*%&!0)&16!0%#0!,+!

1(0&N()0%:!,+!0%#0!(1$&!0%&!$),+,+!,+!(B&)!#16!0%&!,164+0):!,+!(1$&!#2#,1!(1!,0+!N#:!0(!

Page 47: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

aL!!

)&$(B&):J!0%&!#40%(),0,&+!#16!O&:!9'#:&)+!,1!0%&!,164+0):!-()2&0!#16!-($4+!(1':!(1!0%&!

,79)(B&7&10!(-! 0%&! ,164+0):! Z=#1+(J!\!<,11(J! FXXX[P! _1! 0%,+! #99)(#$%J! 0%&:! -#,'! 0(!

-()74'#0&! 1&N! +0)#0&2,&+! 0%#0! N(4'6! &1+4)&! 0%#0! 0%&! ,164+0):! ,+! 1(0! #6B&)+&':!

#--&$0&6!,1!0%&!$#+&!(-!-404)&!41)&+0+P!!

=&:!9'#:&)+!+%(4'6!-()74'#0&!$),+,+!7#1#2&7&10!+0)#0&2,&+!/&-()&!0%&!($$4))&1$&!(-!

0%&!1&Q0!6,+#+0&)P!*%,+!N,''!%&'9!7,1,7,V&!0%&!&--&$0+!(-!#1:!-404)&!$),+,+!#16!)&64$&!

0%&!0,7&!1&&6&6!-()!0%&!,164+0):!0(!)&$(B&)!#16!2&0!/#$O!(1!,0+!-&&0!Z=#1+(!\!<,11(J!

FXXX[P! *%&! 2(B&)17&10J! $(''#/()#0,12! N,0%! 0%&! N%('&! (-! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! ,1!

S&/#1(1J!+%(4'6!#$0,B&':!&12#2&!0(2&0%&)!#16!$)&#0&!9'#1+!-()!&7&)2&1$:!)&+9(1+&+!

0(! #! $),+,+! ,1! #66,0,(1! 0(! 9)&9#),12! '(12d0&)7! 6&B&'(97&10+J! ,1B&+07&10+! #16!

7#)O&0,12!9'#1+!0%#0!#)&!#99',$#/'&!/&-()&J!64),12!#16!#-0&)!#!$),+,+P! _1!0%,+!)&2#)6J!

0%&! ,164+0):! 9'#:&)+! #16! 0%&! 2(B&)17&10! #)&! ,1! 0%&! 9)($&++! (-! $)&#0,12! 0%&+&!

+0)#0&2,$!9'#1+!0%#0!N,''!$4+%,(1!0%&!,164+0):!,1!0%&!&B&10!(-!#!-404)&!$),+,+P!!

_1!0%&!N#O&!(-!2'(/#'!#16!'($#'!0&))(),+0!0%)&#0+!#16!0%&!&--&$0+!(-!9(',0,$#'!,1+0#/,',0:J!

0%&! 2(B&)17&10! %#+! 416&)0#O&1! #$0,(1+! 0(! &Q9#16! 0%&! ,164+0):! #16! &12#2&6! ,1!

&Q0&1+,B&!9)(7(0,(1!(-!S&/#1(1!#+!#!9)&-&))&6!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1!,1!#!/,6!0(!)&+0()&!

0%&! $(410):! 0(! ,0+! 9)&B,(4+! 2'():!N%&1! ,0! N#+! )&2#)6&6! #+! 0%&! s<N,0V&)'#16! (-! 0%&!

;,66'&!R#+0Y!Z=#1+(J!LDDG[P!

C J0&0-'!/)2,1(#!I'%'0!1-!304%-)-!

b)&+&10':J! &+9&$,#'':! ,1! LDDX! #16! 0%&! $4))&10! :&#)J! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! ,+! T4,$O':!

)&$(B&),12! -)(7! 0%&! &--&$0! (-! B,('&1$&! #16! 9(',0,$#'! ,1+0#/,',0:P! *%&)&! ,+! #! B,+,/'&!

)&04)1! (-! +0#/,',0:! #16! 9&#$&! ,1! 0%&! $(410):J! N%,$%! %#+! +4/+&T4&10':! +94))&6! 0%&!

,164+0):! 0(! &Q&79'#):! 9&)-()7#1$&P! *%&! B,+,(1J! 2(#'! #16! (/e&$0,B&+! (-! 0%&!

2(B&)17&10! #16! 0%&! ,164+0):! #)&! 0(! 9)(9&'! S&/#1(1Y+! 0(4),+7! #16! ,7#2&! #+! #!

6&+0,1#0,(1!0(!0%&!6#:+!N%&1!,0!N#+!O1(N1!#+!0%&!s<N,0V&)'#16!(-!0%&!;,66'&!R#+0!sP!

*%&! $(410):J! (B&)#''! &$(1(7:J! 0%&! 2(B&)17&10! #16! 0%&! ,164+0):! %#B&! 1(0! (1':!

)&,1-()$&6! #1$,&10! 0(4),+0! #00)#$0,(1! ,1! 0%&! $(410):J! /40! #)&! #'+(! ,1! 0%&! 9)($&++! (-!

$)&#0,12!7(6&)1!6#:!0(4),+0!#00)#$0,(1+!+4$%!#+!9#)O+P!S&/#1(1!(--&)+!N,10&)!+9()0+!

+,0&+!#16!+O,,12J!#16!-()!+(7&!0,7&J!,0!N#+!0%&!(1':!;,66'&!R#+0&)1!$(410):!0%#0!%#6!

0%&+&!-#$,',0,&+!ZS&/#1&+&!;,1,+0):!(-!*(4),+7J!LDFD[P!

Page 48: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

aK!!

RB&1! N,0%! 0%&+&! )&/4,'6,12! &--()0+J! +4/+&T4&10! +,21,-,$#10! ,79)(B&7&10+! ,1! 0%&!

9&)-()7#1$&! (-! 0%&! ,164+0):! 7&#+4)#/'&! /:! 0%&! 147/&)! (-! 0(4),+0! #)),B#'+! #16!

$(10),/40,(1!(-!0(4),+7!)&B&14&!0(!0%&!1#0,(1#'!>3bJ!0%&)&!,+!+0,''!74$%!N()O!0(!/&!

6(1&!-()!(90,7#'!9&)-()7#1$&!(-!0%&!,164+0):P!5+!0%&!0(4),+0+!%#B&!/&&1!+94))&6!0(!

(1$&!#2#,1!B,+,0! 0%&!S&/#1(1J!N,0%!0%&!147/&)!)&#$%,12!FPX!7,'',(1J!0%&:!%#B&!#'+(!

940! #! +,21,-,$#10! #7(410! (-! +0)#,1! (1! S&/#1(1Y+! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&J!N%,$%!%#+! 1(0! -4'':!

)&$(B&)&6P!?()!&Q#79'&J!,1!LDDXJ!0%&!$(410):!&Q9&),&1$&6!147&)(4+!$#+&+!(-!9(N&)!

(40#2&+J!N#0&)! +%()0#2&+!#16! 0)#--,$! e#7+J!N%,$%!#)&! -#$0()+! 0%#0! +,21,-,$#10':! +'(N!

0%&!9&)-()7#1$&!(-! 0%&! ,164+0):P!M%&1! 0%&)&! ,+! #! +0)#,1!(40! (1!9(N&)J!N#0&)! #16!

0)#B&'J! N%,$%! #)&! 7#e()! 9,''#)+! (-! #1:! &$(1(7:! #16! 0%&,)! +7((0%! 9&)-()7#1$&!

&1+4),12! #! B,/)#10! &$(1(7:J! 0%&! &$(1(7:! (-! 0%&! $(410):! N,''! +'(N! 6(N1P!

<4/+&T4&10':J! 0%&! 2#,1! 0%#0! %#+! /&&1! #$$)4&6! -)(7! 0%&! 0(4),+0Y+! ,1-'4Q! N,''! /&!

)&B&)+&6J! #+! 0%&,)! +0)#,1! (1! 0%&! $(410):Y+! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&!N,''! /&! 6&0),7&10#'! 0(! 0%&!

9&)-()7#1$&!(-!0%&!&$(1(7:P!

_0! ,+! 0%&)&-()&! ,79&)#0,B&! -()! 0%&! 2(B&)17&10! 0(! +9&&6!49! )&/4,'6,12!9)(e&$0+! 0%#0!

N,''! +,21,-,$#10':! &Q9#16! 0%&! $(410):Y+! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&! ZM,'O+J! b&16&)2#+0! \! S&22#0J!

LDDH[P! *%&! 2(B&)17&10! %#+! +%(N1! #! N,'',121&++! 0(! 6(! 0%,+J! 6&7(1+0)#0&6! /:! 0%&!

&Q9#1+,(1! (-! 0%&! "&,)40! #,)9()0J! /4,'6,12! )(#6+! #16! &Q9#16,12! 0%&! &'&$0),$,0:!

2&1&)#0,(1! $#9#$,0:! -()! 0%&! $(410):P! *%&! $,B,'! N#)! #16! +4/+&T4&10! $(1-',$0+! %#B&!

$)&#0&6!#!9('#),V&6!9(',0,$#'!#07(+9%&)&!,1!0%&!$(410):J!#16!0%&!)&+4'0+!%#B&!6&#'0!#!

6&#6':!/'(N!(1!0%&!$(410):Y+!,1-)#+0)4$04)&!(1!N%,$%!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!,+!'#)2&':!

6&9&16&10P!

*%&! 6&+0)(:&6! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&! %#6! $)&#0&6! #1! 416&)2)(416! 1&0N()O! (-! +&)B,$&!

9)(B,6&)+J! )#12,12! -)(7! 9),B#0&! 9(N&)! 2&1&)#0,12! 9'#10+J! 0#1O&)+! 0%#0! 9)(B,6&!

-)&+%N#0&)!#16!(0%&)!+4$%!#$0,B,0,&+P!*%&+&!+&)B,$&+!0%#0!#)&!2&1&)#0&6!#16!9)(B,6&6!

/:!416&)2)(416!24&),''#!1&0N()O+!(B&)9),$&!0%&!$(77(6,0,&+!#16!0%&!0(4),+0+!7&&0!

0%&!+4/+&T4&10!&Q0)#!$(+0!(1!0%&!%(0&',&)+P!*%,+!7#O&+!0(4),+7!#1!&Q9&1+,B&!B&104)&!

,1! S&/#1(1J! #16! 0%(+&! +&&O,12! /462&0! 9#$O#2&+! -()! 0%&,)! %(',6#:+! N,''! #B(,6! 0%&!

$(410):P!

*%,+!7&#1+!#!'(++!(-!)&B&14&!-()!0%&!,164+0):!,1!0%&!$(410):P!*(!$(410&)!0%,+!&--&$0J!

0%&!2(B&)17&10!1&&6+!0(!,79'&7&10!)&24'#0():!7&#+4)&+!,1!0%&!9),$,12!(-!9),B#0&':!

2&1&)#0&6!&'&$0),$,0:!#16!+#'&!(-!-)&+%!N#0&)J!N%,$%!N,''!&1+4)&!0%#0!0%&!&Q0)#!$(+0!,+!

Page 49: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

aa!!

1(0!940!(1!0%&!0(4),+0+!B,+,0,12!0%&!$(410):!ZS&/#1&+&!;,1,+0):!(-!*(4),+7J!LDFD[P!_1!

#66,0,(1J! 0%&! 2(B&)17&10! +%(4'6! -#+0! 9#$&! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&! &Q9#1+,(1! 0(! )&64$&! 0%&!

1&&6!-()!9),B#0&!9)(B,6&)+!N%(!(B&)!&Q9'(,0!0%&!7#)O&0P!

5$$()6,12! 0(! 0%&! ;,1,+0):! (-! *(4),+7J! +0#0,+0,$+! ,16,$#0&! 0%#0! 0%&! 9&)-()7#1$&! (-!

S&/#1(1Y+!,164+0):!,+!(1!#!6)#7#0,$!)&$(B&):!0)&16P!_1!?&/)4#):!LDDXJ!0%&)&!N&)&!#!

0(0#'!(-!XHJXDL!0(4),+0!#)),B#'+!,1!0%&!$(410):!Z5?bJ!LDDX[P!c(79#)&6!0(!LDDhJ!0%,+!,+!

#1! ,1$)&#+&!(-!#/(40!haPhhmP!34),12! 0%&!+#7&!9&),(6! ,1!LDDhJ! S&/#1(1! )&$&,B&6!#!

0(0#'! (-! GLJaFK! 0(4),+0+! ZR7/#++:! (-! S&/#1(1J! LDDX[P! 51(0%&)! )&7#)O#/'&!

,79)(B&7&10! ,+! ,1! 0%&! 147/&)! (-! 0(4),+0+! #)),B,12! -)(7! 5)#/! #16!;,66'&! R#+0&)1!

$(410),&+P! _1! ?&/)4#):! LDDXJ! 0(4),+0+! -)(7! 0%&! 5)#/! $(410),&+! )&#$%&6! #! 0(0#'! (-!

aHJKhGP! _1!?&/)4#):!LDDhJ! 0%&)&!N&)&!FEJEDE! 0(4),+0+! -)(7!0%&!+#7&!)&2,(1J!N%,$%!

,16,$#0&6!#!2)(N0%!#/(40!FHFPXGm!ZR7/#++:!(-!S&/#1(1J!LDDX[P!!

_1!0%&!9&),(6!/&0N&&1!0%&!XiFF!0&))(),+0!#00#$O+!#16!0%&!(40/)&#O!(-!0%&!8&V/(''#%!

N#)! ,1! LDDHJ! S&/#1(1!N#+! &Q9&),&1$,12! )&7#)O#/'&! 2)(N0%! ,1! ,0+! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):!

6&+9,0&! 0%&)&! /&,12! #! 2'(/#'! )&7,++,(1! (-! 0(4),+0! #)),B#'+P! _1! LDDKJ! 0%&! ,164+0):!

)&$&,B&6!Hm!7()&!0(4),+0+! 0%#1!0%&!9)&B,(4+!:&#)J!#16!0%,+!&Q9#1+,(1!$(10,14&6! ,1!

LDDa!N,0%!#!2)(N0%!(-!Fhm!Z_35SJ!LDDa[P!!

51(0%&)! $(10),/40,(1! -#$0()! 0(! S&/#1(1Y+! )&+,',&10! 0(4),+7! 2)(N0%!N#+! 64&! 0(! 0%&!

&Q9#1+,(1!(-!0%&!)&2,(1#'!0(4),+0!7#)O&0P!34),12!0%,+!9&),(6J!5)#/!B,+,0()+!7#6&!49!

aKm!(-!0%&!0(0#'!147/&)!(-!#)),B#'+J!,1!$(79#),+(1!0(!LHm!(-!R4)(9&#1J!FKm!5+,#1+J!

#16!FLm!C()0%!57&),$#1!0(4),+0+!Z_35SJ!LDDa[P!5$$()6,12!0(!0%&!;,1,+0):!(-!*(4),+7!

ZLDDa[J! 0%&)&!N#+! #! FDDm!($$49#1$:! )#0&! -()! #''! %(0&'! )((7+! ,1!"&,)40! 0%)(42%(40!

0%&!+477&)!7(10%+J!c%),+07#+!%(',6#:+!#16!0%&!C&N!]&#)P!

_1! 0%&! $4))&10! :&#)J! 0%&! ,164+0):! %#+! $(10,14&6! 0(! &Q9#16!N,0%! 0N(! '4Q4):! %(0&'+!

(9&1,12!0%&,)!6(()+!,1!S&/#1(1P!*%&!,164+0):!,+!),+,12!-)(7!#!+%#6(N&6!9#+0!#16!0%,+!

:&#)!,+!9)(e&$0&6!0(!/&!0%&!$4'7,1#0,(1!(-!#!1&N!&)#!-()!0%&!,164+0):!Z577#),J!LDDX[P!

S#+0!:&#)J!0%&!$(410):!&Q9&),&1$&6!0%&!/&+0!:&#)!,1!0&)7+!(-!%,2%!147/&)!(-!0(4),+0!

#)),B#'+J!N%,$%!)&#$%&6!FPX!7,'',(1!ZR$(1(7:!M#0$%J!LDDX[P!*%&!'#+0!$(49'&!(-!:&#)+!

%#B&!+&&1!0%&!$(410):!&Q9&),&1$&!)&'#0,B&!9&#$&!#16!+0#/,',0:J!N%,$%!)&,1-()$&+!0%&!

#)247&10! ,1! 0%,+! 0%&+,+! 0%#0! B,('&1$&J! 0&))(),+7! #16!N#)! %#+! &Q0&1+,B&':! 6#7#2&6!

0%&! ,7#2&!(-! 0%&! S&/#1(1! #+! #! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1P! *%&!`&Bb5`!%#+! #'+(! ,79)(B&6!

Page 50: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

aG!!

#/(40!HFPHmJ!#!2)(N0%!0%#0!%#+!/&&1!#00),/40&6!0(!0%&!9&10!49!6&7#16!Z3&''(,0&!\!

*(4$%&J!LDDX[P!

*%&!)&+4'0+!(-!#!+0#/'&!9(',0,$#'!&1B,)(17&10!%#B&!&1+4)&6!0%#0!0(4),+0!#)),B#'+!%#B&!

$(10,14&6! 0(! ,1$)&#+&! #-0&)! 0%&! &16! (-! 0%&! LDDH! N#)! N,0%! _+)#&'P! *%,+! 2)(N0%!

,''4+0)#0&+!0%#0!0(4),+7!,+!'#)2&':!6&9&16&10!(1!6&+0,1#0,(1!,7#2&J!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:!

#16! 9&#$&! #16! +0#/,',0:! ,1! 0%&! )&2,(1P!M%&1! 0%&! 9(',0,$#'! ,1+0#/,',0:! $&#+&6! ,1! 0%&!

$(410):J!0%&)&!N#+!#1! ,1$)&#+&!(-!0(4),+0!#)),B#'+! ,77&6,#0&':!#-0&)P!<,1$&!0%&!&#)':!

6#:+! (-! 0%&! ,164+0):! #16! /&-()&! 0%&! $,B,'! N#)! (-! 0%&! EDY+J! S&/#1(1! N#+! #'N#:+! #!

-#B(),0&! 6&+0,1#0,(1! $(79#)&6! 0(! (0%&)!;,66'&! R#+0&)1! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1+P! *%(+&!

N%(!%#6!B,+,0&6!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!/&-()&!0%&!(40/)&#O!(-!%(+0,',0,&+!%#B&!)&04)1&6!()!

)&$(77&16&6!(0%&)+!0(!B,+,0!0%&!$(410):!#-0&)!0%&!)&04)1!(-!)&'#0,B&!9&#$&!#16!$#'7!

,1! 0%&! )&2,(1P!;(+0! %(0&',&)+! %#B&! $,0&6! 0%#0! 0%&)&! ,+! #! 6,)&$0! $())&'#0,(1!/&0N&&1!

0%&!+0#/,',0:!(-!0%&!$(410):!#16!0%&!)((7!($$49#1$:!,1!0%&,)!9)(9&)0,&+P!.0%&)+!%#B&!

9)(64$&6!2)(N0%!#+!%,2%!#+!XDm!,1!($$49#1$:!)#0&+!#+!)&+4'0!(-!0%&!+0#/'&!9(',0,$#'!

+,04#0,(1!,1!0%&!$(410):!Z577#),J!LDDXg!S&/#1&+&!;,1,+0):!(-!*(4),+7J!LDFD[P!

*%&!+0#/,',0:!(-!0%&!$(410):! ,1!LDDX!%#+!#'+(!#00)#$0&6!#!147/&)!(-! ,1B&+0()+! ,1!0%&!

0(4),+7! ,164+0):P! _1!LDDXJ! 0%&!c#79/&''!>)#:!8(0&'+!N&)&! '#41$%&6J! 2,B,12!#! -)&+%!

9)(64$0!,1!0%&!'4Q4):!%(+9,0#',0:!,164+0):P!<4/+&T4&10':J!0%&!?(4)!<&#+(1+!8(0&'!N#+!

(9&1&6!#0!0%&!/&2,11,12!(-!0%,+!:&#)P!*%,+!%(0&'!,+!1(0#/'&!64&!0(!0%&!-#$0!0%#0!,0!%#+!

/&&1!416&)!$(1+0)4$0,(1! -()!7()&! 0%#1! 0&1!:&#)+P!c(79'&0,(1!%#+!/&&1!%#79&)&6!

/:!0%&!$(1+0#10!,10&))490,(1!/:!,1+0#/,',0:!#16!B,('&1$&J!/40!0%,+!:&#)J!#+!#!)&+4'0!(-!

9&#$&!#16!+0#/,',0:J!0%&!%(0&'!N#+!$(79'&0&6!#16!(9&1&6!0(!0%&!94/',$P!*%&+&!1&N!

#66,0,(1+! %#B&! &Q9#16&6! 0%&! $#9#$,0:! -()! "&,)40! 0(! %(+0! /(0%! '4Q4):! #16! /4+,1&++!

0)#B&'&)+!#16! ,0! ,+!9)(e&$0&6! 0%#0! ,-! 0%,+! 0)&16! ,+! 0(! $(10,14&J! 0%&! ,164+0):!N,''! +((1!

)&#',V&!,0+!$#9#$,0:!-()!B,+,0()+!Z3&''(,0&!\!*(4$%&J!LDDX[P!

*%&!=&79,+1O,!%(0&'!$%#,1! ,+!9)&9#),12! 0(!(9&1!1&N!&+0#/',+%7&10+! ,1! 0%&!$(410):!

/&-()&!0%&!&16!(-!LDFKJ!N%,'&!_10&)c(10,1&10#'!,+!#'+(!2(,12!0(!(9&1!1&N!%(0&'!+4,0&+!

,1!"&,)40!,1!0%&!1&#)!-404)&P!C47&)(4+!(0%&)!9)(9&)0,&+!-)(7!,16&9&16&10!(9&)#0()+!

#)&! +$%&64'&6! 0(! (9&1! ,1! #! -&N! :&#)+P! RQ,+0,12! %(0&'+! #)&! #'+(! &Q9#16,12! 0%&,)!

9)(9&)0,&+!0(!,1$)&#+&!0%&,)!$#9#$,0:!-()!B,+,0()+!/:!,1$)&#+,12!0%&!147/&)!(-!)((7+!

#B#,'#/'&P!*%,+!,+!&+9&$,#'':!#-0&)!0%&!$4))&10!0)&16!N%&)&!0%&!%(0&'+!#)&!&Q9&),&1$,12!

LDDm! ($$49#1$:! )#0&+! 64),12! 0%&! %,2%! +&#+(1+! ZR$(1(7:! M#0$%J! LDDX[P! *%&!

Page 51: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

aH!!

2(B&)17&10!,+!9400,12!&--()0!,10(!)&,1-()$,12!0%&!$(410):Y+!,1-)#+0)4$04)&J!&+9&$,#'':!

,1!0)#B&'J!,1!()6&)!0(!$#0&)!0(!0%&!49+4)2&!,1!0(4),+0!#)),B#'+P!*%&!`#-,O!8#),),!5,)9()0!,+!

+$%&64'&6!0(!416&)2(!&Q0&1+,B&!&Q0&1+,(1+!#16!)&-4)/,+%7&10+J!N%,$%!N,''! ,1$)&#+&!

#114#'!$#9#$,0:!-()!B,+,0()+!0(!FH!7,'',(1J!49!-)(7!(1':!H!7,'',(1!9#++&12&)+P!*%,+! ,+!

/(416! 0(! $#0&)! 0(! 0%&! ,1$)&#+&6! #)),B#'+! (-! ,10&)1#0,(1#'! 0(4),+0+! -)(7! 0%&!;,66'&!

R#+0!#+!N&''!#+!R4)(9&!ZS&/#1&+&!;,1,+0):!(-!*(4),+7J!LDFD[P!

*%)(42%! ,1$&10,B&+J! 0%&! S&/#1&+&! 2(B&)17&10! ,+! #00)#$0,12! ,1B&+0()+! ,10(! 0%&!

$(410):J!&+9&$,#'':!,1!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):P!5+!1(0&6!,1!0%&!9)&B,(4+!+&$0,(1J!+&B&)#'!

'4Q4):!%(0&'+!%#B&!(9&1&6! 0%&,)!6(()+! ,1!"&,)40! #16!(0%&)!9#)0+!(-! 0%&! $(410):P! _1!

#66,0,(1!0(!0%&!&Q9#1+,(1!(-!&Q,+0,12!9)(9&)0,&+J!0%&:!#)&!$)&#0,12!7()&!$#9#$,0:!-()!

B,+,0()+! ,10(! 0%&! $(410):P! S&/#1(1Y+! _1B&+07&10! 3&B&'(97&10! 540%(),0:! Z_35S[! %#+!

416&)0#O&1!7&#+4)&+! 0%#0! /((+0! ?()&,21!3,)&$0! _1B&+07&10! Z?3_[! ,10(! 0%&! $(410):P!

*%&+&! ,1$&10,B&! 9#$O#2&+! #)&! 6,)&$0&6! 0(N#)6+! ,1$)&#+,12! ,1B&+07&10! ,1! +&B&)#'!

#)&#+!(-!S&/#1(1Y+!,164+0):J!#7(12!N%,$%!,+!0(4),+7P!

*%&+&! ,1$&10,B&+! /:! 0%&! _35S! #)&! $),0,$#'J! #+! ,1B&+07&10! ,1! S&/#1(1! ,+! '#)2&':!

6&0&)7,1&6!/:! 0%&!9(',0,$#'! +0#/,',0:!(-! 0%&!$(410):P! _1!()6&)! 0(!#00)#$0!?3_! ,10(! 0%&!

$(410):! #16! 0%&! 0(4),+0! ,164+0):J! 0%&! $(410):! ,+! 0#O,12! 7&#+4)&+! 0(! +0#/,',V&! 0%&!

9(',0,$#'! +,04#0,(1! (-! 0%&! $(410):! 0%)(42%! 6,9'(7#0,$! &12#2&7&10! N,0%! N#)),12!

-#$0,(1+! #16! #6(90,12! #1! ,1$'4+,B&! 2(B&)17&10! ZS&/#1(1J! LDDh[P! M,0%! 0%,+J! 0%&!

$(410):!,+!/(416!0(!$(10,14&!(1!0%&!+#7&!0)&16!(-!&Q9#1+,(1!#16!2)(N0%J!1(0!(1':!

(1! 0%&! 147/&)+! (-! 0(4),+0+! #)),B#'+! #16! )&B&14&! )&#',V#0,(1J! /40! #'+(! ,1! 0%&!

6&B&'(97&10!(-!,1-)#+0)4$04)&!#16!$)&#0,(1!(-!7()&!7(6&)1!6#:!0(4),+0!#00)#$0,(1+!

0(! #427&10! 0%&! %,+0(),$! #16! $4'04)#'! #00)#$0,(1+! (-! 0%&! $(410):! ZS#N+! \! b),6&#4QJ!

LDDE[P! _1! #66,0,(1J! 0%&! $(410):! +%(4'6!&Q9#16!(1! )&/)#16,12! ,0+! 0(4),+0! ,164+0):J! #!

+0)#0&2:!0%#0!N,''!/&!&Q9(416&6!(1!,1!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:!+&$0,(1P!

`&/)#16,12!(-!0%&!$(410):Y+!0(4),+7!,164+0):!N,''!0)#$O!0%&!)&+0(),12!(-!,0+!,7#2&!#+!

0%&!U<N,0V&)'#16!(-!;,66'&!R#+0WJ!#-0&)!0%&!&--&$0+!(-!N#)!#16!0&))(),+7!(B&)!7#1:!

:&#)+!ZS&/#1(1J!LDDh[P!*%,+!N,''!&1+4)&!0%#0!0%&!N()'6!%#+!#!1&N!9&)$&90,(1!(-!0%&!

$(410):!(0%&)!0%#1!0%#0!(-!#!9(',0,$#'':!B('#0,'&!+0#0&J!N,0%!0%&!9)&+&1$&!(-!0&))(),+0!

1&0N()O+! N,0%,1! ,0+! /()6&)+! N%(! %#B&! #'+(!7#1#2&6! 0(! ,1-,'0)#0&! 0%&! 2(B&)17&10!

ZS#N+!\!b),6&#4QJ!LDDE[P!

Page 52: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

aE!!

*%&! %42&! ,1B&+07&10! (-! +&B&)#'! '4Q4):! %(0&'! $%#,1+! ,1! 0%&! )&2,(1! %#+! /)(42%0!

S&/#1(1! /#$O! 0(! 0%&! 6&+0,1#0,(1! +$&1#),(P! *%&! ,1B&+0()+! #)&! 1(N!N,'',12! 0(! ,1e&$0!

$#9,0#'! ,1! 0%&! $(410):J! #+! 0%&:! #)&! (90,7,+0,$! $(1$&)1,12! 0%&! 6&B&'(97&10! (-! 0%&!

&$(1(7:P!"&,)40! ,+! 1(N!&Q9&),&1$,12! #!/((7! ,1! 0%&! 0(4),+7! +&$0()! #16! S&/#1(1Y+!

,7#2&!1(N#6#:+!%#+!/&&1!#''!(B&)!0%&!N()'6!#2#,1J!/40!1(0!/&$#4+&!(-!,0+!$(1-',$0+J!

6&+0)4$0,(1J! O,61#99,12+!()!N#)+J!/40!/&$#4+&!(-! ,0+!/&#40:J!6,B&)+,0:J! ),$%! $4'04)&J!

$4,+,1&!#16!0)&16:!$%#)#$0&),+0,$+P!

U"&,)40q+!+,VV',12!1,2%0',-&J!-)(7!2),00:!0(!2'#7J!%&'9&6!6),B&!#!)&$()6!0(4),+7!:&#)!,1!

LDDXP!.B&)$(7,12! #! )&940#0,(1! #+! #!;,66'&! R#+0! 0)(4/'&! +9(0J! S&/#1(1!N&'$(7&6!

1&#)':! L! 7,'',(1! B,+,0()+! '#+0! :&#)J! #! KXm! ,1$)&#+&! (B&)! LDDhP! _0! N#+! 0%&! C(P! F!

6&+0,1#0,(1! -()! 0(4),+7! 2)(N0%! ,1! 0%&! N()'6J! #$$()6,12! 0(! 0%&! M()'6! *(4),+7!

.)2#1,V#0,(1W!Z<0(66#)0J!LDFD[P!

*%&! 0(4),+7! ,1! S&/#1(1! ,1! 0%&! :&#)! (-! LDDX! &Q9&),&1$&6! #! +,21,-,$#10! 2)(N0%P!

5$$()6,12! 0(! 0%&!;,1,+0):! (-! *(4),+7J! 0%,+! %#99&1&6!/&$#4+&! 0%&!N#)! %#+! $&#+&6J!

/),12,12!/#$O!+0#/,',0:!0(!0%&!$(410):P!

c()&! $(79#1,&+! -)(7! 0%&!%(+9,0#',0:! +&$0()! #)&! +499()0,12! #16! ,1B&+0,12!%#)6! #16!

$'(+&':!0(!O&&9!S&/#1(1Y+! ,7#2&!#!9(+,0,(1!#+!#! -,)+0!$'#++!6&+0,1#0,(1!#16!/4+,1&++!

9('(!,1!0%&!;,66'&!R#+0P!

"&+,6&+!0%#0J!0%&)&!#)&!+&B&)#'!-#$,',0,&+!0%#0!0%&!$(410):!(--&)+!0(!0%&!0(4),+0+J!+4$%!

#+^!

• 3,)&$0!#,)!',1O+!0(!N()'6N,6&!6&+0,1#0,(1+!

• R#+:!#$$&++!0(!0%&!$(410):!

• _6&#'!+0)#0&2,$!'($#0,(1!

• 5)$%#&('(2,$#'!#16!%,+0(),$#'!+,0&+!

• "&#40,-4'!#16!#7#V,12!1#04)#'!+$&1&),&+!

• ;(6&)1!,10&)1#0,(1#'!#,)9()0!

• ?,)+0!$'#++!%(+9,0#',0:!,1-)#+0)4$04)&!

• RQ$&''&10!+&)B,$&!T4#',0:!

• c400,12!&62&!0&'&$(7741,$#0,(1+!#16!40,',0,&+!

• "4VV,12!/4+,1&++J!+%(99,12!#16!'&,+4)&!&1B,)(17&10+!

Page 53: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

ah!!

• ?),&16':J! (9&1d7,16&6! #16! 2&14,1&':! N&'$(7,12! 9&(9'&! ZS&/#1&+&! ;,1,+0):! (-!

*(4),+7J!LDFD[!

_1!#66,0,(1J! ,1!)#,+,12! ,0+! ,7#2&!9(+,0,B&':! 0(N#)6+!0%&!N()'6!#+!#!U74+0d2(W!0(4),+0!

6&+0,1#0,(1J!0%&!$(410):!)&$&,B&6!(0%&)!#N#)6+^!

• _1!LDDHJ!,'2A%;*21:*4%&.('%!7#2#V,1&!)#1O&6!"&,)40!#+!0%&!X0%!$,0:!0(!B,+,0!,1!

0%&!N()'6!(1!,0+!#114#'!)&9()0P!

• *%&!c'&7&1$&#4!;&6,$#'!c&10&)!N#+!)#1O&6!(1&!(-!0%&!FD!/&+0!%(+9,0#'+!-()!

7&6,$#'!0(4),+7!,1!LDFD!/:!0%&!;&6,$#'!*)#B&'!t4#',0:!5'',#1$&P!

• I&,0#! >)(00(! N#+! +&'&$0&6! 0(! 9)($&&6! ,1! 0%&! $(79&0,0,(1! (-! 0%&! C&N! E!

M(16&)+!(-!C#04)&P!

• _1!LDDXJ! 0%&!_]*,&/%.! )#1O&6!S&/#1(1!#+! 0%&!uF+0!(1! ,0+!Uaa!9'#$&+!0(!2(W!

',+0P!

?)(7!#!1(1d&Q,+0,12!0(4),+7!#$0,B,0:!#-0&)!N#)J!0(!(1&!(-!0%&!147/&)!F!+9(0+!,1!0%&!

N()'6J!0%&!$(410):!%#+!+0#)0&6!-)(7!+$)#0$%!0(!)&/4,'6! ,0+!)&940#0,(1J!&$(1(7:!#16!

0(4),+7P!"&'(N!#)&!0%&!+0#0,+0,$+!(-!S&/#1(1!)&2#)6,12!0%&!147/&)!(-!#)),B#'+!,1!0%&!

:&#)!(-!LDDXJ!#$$()6,12!0(!0%&!;,1,+0):!(-!*(4),+7!N&/+,0&J!9)(B,12!%(N!,0!/&$#7&!#!

/),2%0!+9(0!#''!(B&)!0%&!N()'6P!

2009 Arrivals in Lebanon 1,851,081 Visitors

Arab Visitors European Visitors Asian Visitors American Visitors

Jordan 223,793 France 120,408 Iran 145,706 USA 111,901

Saudi Arabia

173,294 Germany 69,847 Others 118,315 Canada 87,144

Kuwait 102,537 Great Britain

50,027 Brazil 13,332

Iraq 101,561 Italia 32,619

Others 184,800 Others 180,621

Others 20,317

TOTAL 785,985 TOTAL 453,522 TOTAL 264,021 TOTAL 232,694

!

:F /80!J)60!)*!50('1-%'1)-!"#%=0!

*%,+!+&27&10!N,''!-($4+!(1!6&+0,1#0,(1!,7#2&!#16!%(N!,0!#--&$0+!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!

(-! #! $(410):P! *%,+! +&$0,(1!N,''! +:10%&+,V&! )&+&#)$%! $(164$0&6! (1! 9)(64$0! /)#16,12!

Page 54: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

aX!!

#16!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:!f!O&:!&'&7&10+! 0%#0!$#1!/&! ,10&2)#0&6! ,1!S&/#1(1Y+! 0(4),+7!

,164+0):P! *%,+! +&$0,(1! N,''! #'+(! -($4+! (1! 0%&! 1&,2%/()! &--&$0! 0%#0! %#+! #--&$0&6! 0%&!

0(4),+7! ,164+0):! (-! 0%&!;,66'&! R#+0! #+! #! )&2,(1P! b'#4+,/'&! +('40,(1+! -()! S&/#1(1Y+!

0(4),+7!,7#2&J!/#+&6!(1!+(416!)&+&#)$%!#16!+046,&+!$(164$0&6!,1!0%&!-,&'6!(-!/)#16!

9&)+(1#',0,&+!N,''! /&! 9)&+&10&6P! *%,+! +&$0,(1!N,''! 9)(B,6&! +422&+0,(1+! (1! +0)#0&2,&+!

0%#0! $#1! /&! ,10&2)#0&6! ,10(! 9)(7(0,12! 0(4),+7! ,1! S&/#1(1! #16! #$%,&B,12! #! 7()&!

+0#/'&! #16! '#+0,12! $4+%,(1,12! -()! 419)&6,$0#/'&! &B&10+! +4$%! #+! 0%&! XiFF! 0&))(),+0!

#00#$O+! ,1! 0%&! j<J! 0%&! _+)#&',! 7,',0#):! #$0,(1J! 8&V/(''#%! #$0,B,0,&+! #16! 0%&!

#++#++,1#0,(1!(-!0%&!9),7&!7,1,+0&)J!#+!N&''!#+!(0%&)!&'&7&10+!0%#0!6&+0#/,',V&6!0%&!

,164+0):!#16!416,6!&--()0+!0%#0!%#B&!/&&1!6&B&'(9&6!-()!:&#)+P!!!

*%,+!+&$0,(1!N,''!,10&2)#0&!7#)O&0,12!0%&(),&+!#+!N&''!#+!)&+&#)$%!0%#0!%#+!/&&1!$(1d

64$0&6! )&2#)6,12! 6&+0,1#0,(1+! #+! 9)(64$0+! ()! /)#16+! 0%#0! #)&! +('6! 0(! 0%&! 0#)2&0!

7#)O&0! +&27&10+J! 4+,12! +,7,'#)!7#)O&0,12! $#79#,21+! #16! #6B&)0,+&7&10+! 0%#0! #)&!

(-0&1!&12#2&6!,1!9)(7(0,12!(0%&)!9)(64$0+!,1!B#),(4+!,164+0),&+P!!

_1!0%&!FXED+J!8410!Z:&#)[!/&2#1!+046,&+!0%#0!N&)&!2&#)&6!,1!&+0#/',+%,12!0%&!)('&!(-!

6&+0,1#0,(1! ,7#2&! ,1! 0(4),+7P! ?)(7! 0%#0! 0,7&J! 0%,+! #)&#! #16! ,0+! ,79#$0! (1! 0%&!

9&)-()7#1$&!(-!0%&!,164+0):!%#+!/&&1!-($4+&6!49(1!,1!147&)(4+!+046,&+P!5$$()6,12!

0(!c)(790(1J! ZFXEX[J! 6&+0,1#0,(1! ,7#2&! ,+! 0%&!9&)$&90,(1!()! $(1$&90! 0%#0! ,1$'46&+!

0%&!,79)&++,(1+J!/&',&-+!#16!,6&#+!0%#0!6&+$),/&!%(N!#!0(4),+0!9&)$&,B&+!#!9#)0,$4'#)!

6&+0,1#0,(1!ZR$%01&)!\!`,0$%,&J!LDDK[P!!

3&+0,1#0,(1! ,7#2&! ,+J! #$$()6,12! 0(! +&B&)#'! +046,&+J! #!74'0,-#$&0&6! $(1+0)4$0! 0%#0! ,+!

7#6&! (-! 0N(! -416#7&10#'! &'&7&10+J!N%,$%! #)&! &--&$0,B&! #16! $(21,0,B&! ZS#N+(1!\!

"#16d"(B:J!FXEX[P!*%&!$(21,0,B&!6,7&1+,(1!,+!6&+$),/&6!#+!0%&!O1(N'&62&!#+!N&''!#+!

/&',&-+!)&2#)6,12!0%&!9%:+,$#'!$%#)#$0&),+0,$+!(-!#!9#)0,$4'#)!6&+0,1#0,(1P!*%&!&--&$0,B&!

&'&7&10! 9&)0#,1+! 0(! 0%&! #++&++7&10! #16! &B#'4#0,(1! (-! 0%&! B#'4#/'&! T4#',0:!

+&10,7&10+!)&2#)6,12!0%&!$%#)#$0&),+0,$+!#16!0%&!+4/+&T4&10!+4))(416,12+!Z"#'(2'4J!

\!;$c'&#)':J!FXXX[!P!!

*%&)&! %#B&! /&&1! 7#1:! +4/+&T4&10! +046,&+! ,1! 0%&! -,&'6! (-! 6&+0,1#0,(1! ,7#2&J! 0%&!

#99',$#0,(1!(-! /)#16!9&)+(1#',0:P! ")#16!9&)+(1#',0:! ,+! 6&+$),/&6! #+! #! +&0! (-! %47#1!

#00),/40&+!0%#0!$#1!/&!#99',&6!0(!#!+9&$,-,$!/)#16!Z5#O&)J!FXXE[P!"4,'6,12!/)#16!,7#2&!

,+!#1!&--&$0,B&!N#:!0%)(42%!N%,$%!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!$#1!/&!,79)(B&6P!!

Page 55: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

GD!!

*%&!&--&$0+!(-!0&))(),+7!#16!9(',0,$#'!,1+0#/,',0:!%#B&!6&+0)(:&6!S&/#1(1Y+!0(4),+7!#+!

#! /)#16! ,1! 0%&! 0(4),+7! 7#)O&0P! _1! 0%&! $#+&! (-! S&/#1(1J! 0%&! $(410):Y+! 0(4),+7!

,164+0):!+%(4'6!#6(90!#!7(6&'!0%#0!N(4'6!9)(7(0&!S&/#1&+&!0(4),+7!#+!#!/)#16!#16!

2,B&! 0%&! /)#16! #! +0)(12! 9&)+(1#',0:! 0%#0! N(4'6! &1+4)&! 0%#0! ,0! +0#16+! (40! #+! #!

6&+0,1#0,(1!,1!0%&!B('#0,'&!2'(/#'!0(4),+7!7#)O&0P!!

:FO: N216.1-=!304%-)-M(!/)2,1(#!%(!%!N,%-.!L0,()-%61'>!

S&/#1(1Y+! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! ,+! 0#+O&6! N,0%! #6(90,12! 7(6&'+! #16! 0%&! ,1,0,#0,(1! (-!

9)(2)#7+! 0%#0! N,''! %&'9! 9)(7(0&! 0%&! +&$0()! #+! #! +0)(12! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0:P! *%,+! ,+!

&+9&$,#'':! +(J! /&$#4+&! 0%&! $(410):! %#+! &Q9&),&1$&6! 147&)(4+! $:$'&+! (-!

,79)(B&7&10J! N%,$%! #)&! +4/+&T4&10':! -(''(N&6! /:! #! 6(N104)1! ,1! 0%&! &B&10! (-!

$(1-',$0+!#16!0&))(),+7!#00#$O+P!!

*%&!$(1+47&)+!(-!#1:!9)(64$0!,1!0%&!7#)O&0!6&-,1&!/)#16+!0%)(42%!6&+$),90,(1+!0%#0!

&1$(79#++!9&)+(1#',0:!0)#,0+P!;#)O&0&)+!(1!0%&,)!9#)0!$(1+0)4$0!()!+0)&120%&1!0%&+&!

1(0,(1+! /:! 0%&! $(1+47&)+! 0%)(42%! 9(+,0,(1,12! 0%&,)! /)#16+! #+! #! +0)(12! /)#16!

9&)+(1#',0:!Z>('6&1J!LDDE[P!?()!0%&!0(4),+0!+&$0()!(-!S&/#1(1!0(!/&!9(+,0,(1&6!#0!#1!

#6B#10#2&(4+! 9(+,0,(1! ,1! 0%&! 2'(/#'! 0(4),+7! 7#)O&0J! 0%&! 2(B&)17&10! #16! 0%&!

,164+0):! +%(4'6! N()O! $(''#/()#0,B&':! N,0%! &#$%! (0%&)P! b(+,0,(1,12! 0%&! $(410):Y+!

,164+0):! #+! #! +0)(12! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0:! )&T4,)&+! 7&#+4)&7&10! #16! &B#'4#0,(1!

7(6&'+J!N%,$%!#)&!$#9#/'&!(-! +&9#)#0,12! 0%&!41,T4&!9&)+(1#',0:!(-! 0%&!/)#16! -)(7!

0%&!$(77(1!0)#,0+!0%#0!&Q,+0! ,1!#''!0%&!/)#16+!(-!0%#0!$#0&2():!Z>('6&1J!LDDE[P!*%,+!

7&#1+! 0%#0! S&/#1(1Y+! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! +%(4'6!N()O! 0(!&1%#1$&! 0%(+&! -#$0()+! 0%#0!

#)&!(1':!41,T4&!0(!0%&!$(410):!#16!1(0!&'&7&10+!0%#0!#)&!2&1&)#'':!#B#,'#/'&!,1!7(+0!

,-!1(0! ,1!#''! 0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1+P!*%&!+0#0&! +%(4'6!N()O!(1!#79',-:,12! 0%&+&!41,T4&!

&'&7&10+!#16!7#O&!0%&7!0%&!/#+&!(-!0%&!,164+0):P!

5$$()6,12! 0(! S&B:! ZFXGX[J! $(1+47&)! 9&)$&90,(1+! #/(40! /)#16+! 4+4#'':! 2(! -4)0%&)!

0%#1! 0%&,)! -41$0,(1#'! #16! 9)#$0,$#'! #00),/40&+! #16! #6B#10#2&+! 0(! ,1$'46&! &'&7&10+!

0%#0! #)&! /#+,$#'':! 1(1d-41$0,(1#'! (-0&1! %#B,12! e4+0! 0%&! +:7/(',$! T4#',0:P! *%&+&!

&'&7&10+!#)&!'#)2&':!#++($,#0&6!N,0%!0%&!$)&#0,(1!#16!&1-()$&7&10!(-!/)#16!,7#2&P!

M,0%,1! 0%&+&! &'&7&10+! (-! 0%&! ,7#2&! (-! #! /)#16! #)&! 1(0,(1+! #16! 9&)$&90,(1+!

)&2#)6,12!0%&!9&)+(1#',0:!(-!0%&!/)#16P!!5#O&)!ZFXXE[!)&-&)+!0(!0%&+&!&'&7&10+!#+!0%&!

/)#16! 0)#,0+J! ()! ! %47#1d',O&! #00),/40&+! 2,B&1! 0(! #! /)#16P! *%&+&! %47#1d',O&!

$%#)#$0&),+0,$+!#)&J!-()!&Q#79'&J!/&,12!-41J!)(7#10,$J!)&#'!#16!+(!(1P!!

Page 56: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

GF!!

_1!0%,+!)&2#)6J!S&/#1(1Y+!0(4),+7!,164+0):!+%(4'6!+0),B&!0(!#$T4,)&!0%&+&!%47#1d',O&!

#00),/40&+!4+&6!0(!6&+$),/&! ,0+!0(4),+7!9)(64$0+!(1!0%&!2'(/#'!7#)O&0P!<(7&!(-!0%&!

#00),/40&+! 0%#0!7#:! /&! $(1+,6&)&6! ,1$'46&! /)#16,12! 0%&! $(410):! #+! s)(7#10,$Y! ! ()!

s&Q$,0,12YP!*%&!7#)O&0&)+!,1!0%&!,164+0):!+%(4'6!&+0#/',+%!#!+0)(12!9)&-&)&1$&!-()!0%&!

$(410):!#+!#!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1!/#+&6!1(0!(1':!(1!0%&!9&)$&90,(1+!(-! 0%&!9(0&10,#'!

0(4),+0+! (1! 0%&! -41$0,(1#'! #+9&$0+! (-! 0%&! 6&+0,1#0,(1J! /40! +%(4'6! #'+(! ,1$'46&! 0%&!

9&)+(1#',0:!#+9&$0+!(-!$(1+47&)!9&)$&90,(1!Z5#O&)J!FXXE[P!!

*%&! ,164+0):Y+!O&:!9'#:&)+!#16!7#)O&0&)+! ,1!S&/#1(1Y+! 0(4),+7!+&$0()!+%(4'6! -($4+!

(1!/4,'6,12!#!9&)+(1#',0:!-()!0%&!,164+0):J!#+!0%,+!%#+!/&&1!9)(B&1!/:!)&+&#)$%P!*%&!

7#)O&0!(-0&1!9)&-&)+!6&+0,1#0,(1+!0%#0!%#B&!+:7/(',$!7&#1,12+!#+!N&''!#+!-4'-,''!0%&!

-41$0,(1#'! 1&&6+! #16! )&T4,)&7&10+! Z=#1+(J! LDDG[P! *%&! ,164+0):! $#1! +%#9&! 0%&!

9&)$&,B&6!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:!0%)(42%!0%&!0)#1+-&)!(-!$4'04)#'!7&#1,12+!Z=&''&)J!FXXK[P!

*%,+!$#1!/&!#$%,&B&6!0%)(42%!#++($,#0,12!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!N,0%!#+9&$0+!0%#0!)&-'&$0!(1!

0%&!#00),/40&!0%#0!0%&!,164+0):!%#+!+&0!0(!$)&#0&!#+!#!9&)+(1#',0:P!!

*(! &--&$0,B&':! #$%,&B&! 0%&! 0)#1+-&)! (-! $4'04)&! ,10(! S&/#1(1Y+! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0:! -()!

0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):J! 0%&! O&:! 9'#:&)+! +%(4'6! -,)+0! #++&++! 0%&! +0)#0&2,$! #99&#'! (-!

/4,'6,12!()!+0)&120%&1,12!#!+9&$,-,$!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:!-()!0%&!,164+0):P!*%&!,164+0):!

+%(4'6! +046:! #16! &B#'4#0&! 0%&! 9)&+&10! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0:J! ,-! #1:! #')&#6:! &Q,+0! #16!

6&-,1&!S&/#1(1!#+!#!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1P!!

5+!9)&B,(4+':!7&10,(1&6J!/&-()&!0%&!(1+&0!(-!0%&!$,B,'!N#)J!S&/#1(1!N#+!)&-&))&6!0(!

#+!0%&!<N,0V&)'#16!(-!0%&!;,66'&!R#+0P!!*%,+!%&'9&6!$)&#0&!#!+0)(12!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:!

(-! 0%&! $(410):! #+! #! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1! #16! 0%&! 9&)+(1#',0:! #++($,#0&6! N,0%!

9)(+9&),0:J!)&',#/'&!#16!#!0)4+0N()0%:!+($,&0:P!*%,+!9&)+(1#',0:!N#+!$)&#0&6!/&$#4+&J!

/:!;,66'&!R#+0&)1!+0#16#)6+J!0%&!$(410):!,+!&--&$0,B&':!',/&)#'J!7#O,12!,0!#!9)&-&)#/'&!

6&+0,1#0,(1!#+!(99(+&6!0(!(0%&)!9'#$&+!,1!0%&!;,66'&!R#+0!Z?#++,%,J!LDDh[P!!

*%,+! ,7#2&! ,+! $(1+0#10':! /&,12! 6&+0)(:&6! /:!N#)+J! 9(',0,$#'! ,1+0#/,',0:! #16! 0&))(),+0!

0%)&#0+P! *%(42%! 0%&! $(410):Y+! ,164+0):! ,+! 9&)-()7,12! +,21,-,$#10':! N&''J! 2,B&1! 0%&!

,1+0#/,',0:!#16!0%&!9)&+&1$&!(-!0%&!8&V/(''#%J!0%&!9)&d$,B,'!N#)!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:!%#+!

)&7#,1&6!&'4+,B&!-()!0%&!,164+0):P!*%&!$4))&10!$(1+47&)!9&)$&90,(1+!+,21,-:!#!N&#O!

/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:!-()!S&/#1(1Y+!0(4),+7!,164+0):!Z=#1+(J!LDDG[P!

Page 57: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

GL!!

"&-()&! 0%&! $,B,'! N#)J! 0%&! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0:! (-! S&/#1(1Y+! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! N#+!

&Q0&1+,B&':! B,&N&6! #+! 6&+,)#/'&! -()! ,10&)1#0,(1#'! 0)#B&'&)+J! '&#6,12! 0(! 0%&! $(410):!

/&,12!)&-&))&6!#+!0%&!<N,0V&)'#16!(-!;,66'&!R#+0P!5$$()6,12!0(!0%&!7#)O&0,12!7(6&'!

/:! "#0)#! #16! 8(7&)J! ZLDDa[J! 0%&+&! #++&++7&10+! (-! 9)&B,(4+! #16! 9)&+&10! /)#16!

9&)+(1#',0,&+! #16! 0%&! &Q0&10! 0(!N%,$%! 0%&:!N&)&!6&+,)#/'&!/:! 0%&!7#)O&0!N,''! %&'9!

-404)&!9'#1+!-()!,79)(B&7&10!0(!/&!)&'&B#10!#16!6,--&)&10,#0&6!,1!0%&!7#)O&0P!!

:FO; QB%62%'1-=!'80!N,%-.!L0,()-%61'>!)*!304%-)-M(!/)2,1(#!

<046,&+! $(164$0&6! ,1! 0%&! &B#'4#0,(1! (-! 0%&! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0:! %#B&! #00&790&6! 0(!

$)&#0&! #! 7(6&'! 0%#0! #$$4)#0&':! 2,B&+! B#',6! 7&#+4)&7&10+! (-! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0:!

Z5#O&)J!FXXE[P!!*%&+&!,1+0)47&10+!%&'9!0%&!7#)O&0&)+!#16!,164+0):!0(!$)&#0&J!#'0&)!()!

&1-()$&!0)#,0+!0%#0!#)&!7()&!6&+,)#/'&!0(!0%&!$(1+47&)+!#16!0%&)&/:!2&1&)#0&!7()&!

)&B&14&! ZS#N0(1J! LDDa[P! ! *%&! S&/#1&+&! 2(B&)17&10! #+! N&''! #+! O&:! 9'#:&)+! ,1! 0%&!

0(4),+7! ,164+0):! +%(4'6! -($4+! (1! &B#'4#0,12! #16! &1%#1$,12! 0%(+&! 0)#,0+! 0%#0! N,''!

7#O&!0%&!$(410):!#+!0%&!9)&-&))&6!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1J!)&2#,1,12!,0+!'(+0!2'():!0%#0!,0!

9(++&++&6! /&-()&! 0%&! (40/)&#O! (-! 0%&! $,B,'! N#)P! *%&! ,164+0):! $#1! /&! $(77&16&6J!

/&$#4+&!0%)(42%!#''!0%&!49!#16!6(N1!$:$'&+!0%#0!,0!%#+!&Q9&),&1$&6J!0%&!+&$0()!%#+!

7#1#2&6!0(!7#,10#,1!0%&!74'0,$4'04)#'!9&)+(1#',0:!N%&)&!#''! 0(4),+0+! -,0! ,1P!*(4),+0+!

-)(7!0%&!M&+0!$%((+&!0(!B,+,0!S&/#1(1!/&$#4+&J!6&+9,0&!9(++&++,12!0%&!),$%!;,66'&!

R#+0&)1! $4'04)&J! 0%&)&! #)&! -&N&)! )&+0),$0,(1+! ,1! 0%&! +($,&0:! #+! (99(+&6! 0(! (0%&)!

;,66'&! R#+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1+P! *%&)&! #)&! 1(! +0),$0! 6)&++,12! )&+0),$0,(1+! #16! )&24'#0,(1+J!

#'$(%('!$#1!/&!$(1+47&6!-)&&':!#16!94/',$':!#16!0%&)&!#)&!147&)(4+!N&+0&)1!+0:'&!

1,2%0$'4/+!#16!)&+()0+!0%#0!7#O&!B,+,0()+!-&&'!$(7-()0#/'&P!_1!#66,0,(1J!0(4),+0+!-)(7!

(0%&)!;,66'&! R#+0&)1! +0#0&+! 9)&-&)! S&/#1(1! #+! #! '&,+4)&! 6&+0,1#0,(1! /&$#4+&! ,0! ,+!

7()&! ',/&)#'! #+!N&''! #+!%#B,12! 0%&!;,66'&!R#+0! $4'04)&J!N%,$%!#2#,1!7#O&+! 0(4),+0+!

-)(7!0%,+!)&2,(1!-&&'!$(7-()0#/'&P!!

566,0,(1#'':J!O&:!9'#:&)+!,1!S&/#1(1Y+!0(4),+7!,164+0):!+%(4'6!#'+(!7#O&!#1!&--()0!0(!

+046:! #16! &B#'4#0&! O&:! +4$$&++! -#$0()+! 0%#0! #)&! 416&)':,12! ,1! N&''! 9&)-()7,12!

0(4),+7! +&$0()+! ,1! (0%&)! ;,66'&! R#+0&)1! $(410),&+P! 5! 2((6! &Q#79'&! N(4'6! /&!

&B#'4#0,12!0%&!$#+&!(-!34/#,!#16!0%&!&'&7&10+J!+0)#0&2,&+!#16!#99)(#$%&+!0%#0!0%&!

$,0:!,+!4+,12!0%#0!&1#/'&!,0!0(!#00)#$0!0(4),+0+!-)(7!#)(416!0%&!2'(/&P!!!

*%&!+4$$&++!(-!34/#,!#+!#!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1!0%#0!#00)#$0+!0)#B&'&)+!-)(7!#)(416!0%&!

2'(/&! +0#)0&6! ,1! 0%&! FXhD+P! *%&! 2(B&)17&10Y+! +0)#0&2:! ,1B('B&6! 0%&! /4,'6,12! #16!

Page 58: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

GK!!

&Q9#1+,(1! (-! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&! ,1! 0%&! $,0:J! N%,$%! N(4'6! $)&#0&! N()'6d$'#++!

0)#1+9()0#0,(1!#16!#$$(77(6#0,(1! -()! 0(4),+0+P!*%&!2(B&)17&10!&7/#)O&6!(1! 0%&!

&+0#/',+%7&10! (-! 0%&! R7,)#0&+! #,)',1&+J! +4/+&T4&10':! -(''(N&6! /:!7#++,B&! 9)(e&$0+!

0(N#)6+!0%&!6&B&'(97&10!(-!0%&!$(410):Y+!0(4),+7!,164+0):P!!

5'0%(42%! S&/#1(1! %#+! %&#B,':! ,1B&+0&6! ,1! ,79)(B,12! #16! &Q9#16,12! 0%&!

,1-)#+0)4$04)&!+:+0&7J!0%&+&!&--()0+!%#B&!/&&1!)&B&)+&6!/:!N#)!#16!0&))(),+0+!#00#$O+!

Z?#++,%,J! LDDh[P! *%&! 7,',0#):! #$0,(1! /:! 0%&! _+)#&',+! #2#,1+0! S&/#1(1! &Q0&1+,B&':!

6&+0)(:&6!0%&!0)#1+9()0#0,(1!+:+0&7! ,1! 0%&!+(40%!(-!S&/#1(1J!416(,12!7#1:!:&#)+!

(-! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&! 6&B&'(97&10P! 5+! 74$%! #+! 0%&! +0#0&! %#+! 6(1&! &Q0&1+,B&! N()O!

0(N#)6+!)&$(1+0)4$0,(1J!7()&!1&&6+!0(!/&!6(1&!0(!,79)(B&!0%&!(B&)#''!,7#2&!(-!0%&!

$(410):Y+! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&P! S&++(1+! $#1! /&! 6)#N1! -)(7! 34/#,Y+! +0)#0&2:J! N%,$%! %#+!

9'#$&6!0%,+!$(410):!#7(12!0%&!0(9!7(+0!9)&-&))&6!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1+!(1!0%&!2'(/&P!!

_1!#66,0,(1J! S&/#1(1!$#1!#'+(!4+&! ,0+!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:!#+!#! ',/&)#'!#16! -41!;,66'&!

R#+0&)1!+0#0&!0(!'4)&!'4Q4):!0)#B&'&)+!-)(7!(0%&)!;,66'&!R#+0&)1!$(410),&+P!S&/#1(1Y+!

0(4),+7! +&$0()! %#+! 9#)0,$4'#)':! 6&7(1+0)#0&6! &--,$,&1$:! ,1! #00)#$0,12! 0%&! )&2,(1#'!

7#)O&0!0(!B,+,0!0%&!$(410):!#+!0(4),+0+!Z?#++,%,J!LDDh[P!

=&''&)! ZLDDK[J! +#:+! 0%#0! ,1! ()6&)! -()! $(79#1,&+! ()! ,164+0),&+! 0(! #$%,&B&!7#Q,747!

)&B&14&J! 0%&)&! ,+! #! 1&&6! 0(! &Q0&16! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0,&+P! *%,+! $#''+! -()! #! +:+0&7#0,$!

#16!,1d6&90%!&B#'4#0,(1!(-!9(++,/'&!#B&14&+!-()!&Q0&1+,(1!#16!/)#16!6,B&)+,-,$#0,(1P!

_1!()6&)!0(!#00)#$0!#!B#),&0:!(-!0(4),+0!7#)O&0!+&27&10+!-)(7!#)(416!0%&!2'(/&J!0%&!

S&/#1&+&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! 1&&6+! 0(! &Q0&16! ,0+! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0:! 0(! $(B&)! #! N,6&!

)#12&!(-!6&+,)#/'&!$%#)#$0&),+0,$+P!.1&!N#:!(-!6(,12!0%,+!N(4'6!/&!#66,12!7()&!0)#,0+!

0(!0%&!#')&#6:!&Q,+0,12!(1&+J!+4$%!#+!#!$4'04)#'':!),$%!6&+0,1#0,(1P!!

*%&!$(410):!7#:!#'+(!$(1+,6&)!&+0#/',+%,12!$(''#/()#0,(1!N,0%!(0%&)!;,66'&!R#+0&)1!

+0#0&+! 0(! 7#)O&0! 0%&,)! /)#16+! #+! #! 41,0P! *%,+! #99)(#$%! %#+! /&&1! +4$$&++-4'':!

,79'&7&10&6! ,1! R#+0! 5-),$#J! N%&)&! =&1:#! #16! *#1V#1,#1! 7#)O&0! 0%&,)! 0(4),+0!

#00)#$0,(1+!#+!#!41,0P!*%&!0N(!R#+0!5-),$#1!$(410),&+!%#B&! -()7&6!$(''#/()#0,(1+!0(!

7#)O&0!0%&!#114#'!M,'6&/&&+0!7,2)#0,(1+J!N%,$%!0#O&+!9'#$&!,1!/(0%!$(410),&+!#0!0%&!

+#7&!0,7&!Z",Vc(7741,0:J!LDDE[P!!

Page 59: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

Ga!!

:FO? L,)#)'1-=!%-.!<%,K0'1-=!304%-)-!%(!%!/)2,1('!50('1-%'1)-!

5+! %#+! /&&1! (/+&)B&6! /:! 1(NJ! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! ,+! &Q0)&7&':! $(79&0,0,B&J!

&+9&$,#'':! (1! 0%&! 2'(/#'! '&B&'P! *%,+! ,+! 9#)0':! /&$#4+&! 0(4),+7! %#+! /&&1! 0%&! -#+0&+0!

2)(N,12! ,164+0):! ,1! 0%&! 2'(/#'! &$(1(7,$! 7#)O&0! #16! 7(+0! $(410),&+! )&':! (1! 0%,+!

,164+0):! -()! #! '#)2&! 9()0,(1! (-! 0%&! 1#0,(1#'! >3bP! ?()! 0%,+! )&#+(1J! 7#1:! $(410),&+!

%#B&!#!+&),(4+!$(77,07&10!0(N#)6+!7#)O&0,12!#16!9)(7(0,12!0%&,)!$(410),&+J!$,0,&+!

#16!41,T4&!0(4),+0!#00)#$0,(1+!#+!6&+,)#/'&!6&+0,1#0,(1+!0%#0!N,''! -4'-,''! 0%&!1&&6+!(-!

0%&!0)#B&'&)+!#16!0(4),+0+P!

5$$&++! 0(! 0%&! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1! ,+! 0%&)&-()&! 9&)$&,B&6! #+! #! 9),7#):! #16! B&):!

,79()0#10! &'&7&10! (-! 0%&! 0(4),+0! ,164+0):! ,1! #1:! 2,B&1! $(410):P! 5$$&++! +%(4'6! /&!

+7((0%J! )&#6,':! #B#,'#/'&! #16! 41$(79',$#0&6! -()! 0%&! 0(4),+0P! _1! 0%&! &B&10! N%&)&!

#$$&++! 0(! 0%&! 6&+0,1#0,(1! ,+! 0,7&! $(1+47,12J! $(79',$#0&6J! $(+0':J! ,1+4--,$,&10! ,1!

0&)7+! (-! $#9#$,0:! ()! 41+#-&J! 0%&! 6&+0,1#0,(1! N,''! -#,'! 0(! 7&&0! ,0+! -4''! 9(0&10,#'! -()!

B,+,0()+!#+!74$%!#+!0%&!#00)#$0,(1+!#B#,'#/'&!#)&!7()&!6&+,)#/'&!0%#1!0%(+&!,1!(0%&)!

6&+0,1#0,(1+!Z<7,0%J!LDDK[P!!

_1!S&/#1(1Y+!$#+&J!0%&!$(1+0#10!,1+0#/,',0:!$(1+0#10':!,10&)-&)&+!N,0%!0%&!#$$&++,/,',0:!

(-!0%&!$(410):!/:!9(0&10,#'!B,+,0()+P!c(1-',$0+!6&+0)(:!,1-)#+0)4$04)&!#+!N&''!#+!,+('#0&!

0%&! $(410):! -)(7! 0%&! )&+0!(-! 0%&! 2'(/&P! *%&! _+)#&',+! #2#,1+0! S&/#1(1!(/+&)B&6! 0%,+!

6&B&'(97&10!64),12!0%&!7,',0#):!#$0,(1P!*%&+&!#00#$O+!6&+0)(:&6!#,)9()0+!#+!N&''!#+!

/'($O&6!9()0+! 0%#0!#)&!#!7#e()!&10):!9(,10! 0(! 0%&!$(410):P! _1!#66,0,(1J! 0%&!$(410):!

N#+!9&)$&,B&6!#+!,1#$$&++,/'&!64&!0(!(12(,12!$(1-',$0+!()!0%&!0#)1,+%&6!,7#2&!(-!0%&!

$(410):!#+!#!9)&-&))&6!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1P!!

*%,+! -#$0()! 1(0! (1':! 6&+$),/&+! 0%&! &--&$0+! (-! $(1-',$0! #16! 0&))(),+7! #00#$O+! ,1!

S&/#1(1J!0%&!+#7&!+,04#0,(1!%#+!/&&1!(/+&)B&6!,1!(0%&)!$(410),&+!#$)(++!0%&!)&2,(1P!

_0! ,+! 0%&)&-()&! $)4$,#'! 0%#0! S&/#1(1! #16! 0%&! )&+0! (-! 0%&! ;,66'&! R#+0! #6(90! 7()&!

9&)7#1&10!7&#+4)&+!0%#0!N,''!&1+4)&!0%#0!0%&!0(4),+7!+&$0()!,1!0%&!)&2,(1!)&7#,1+!

N()O,12!&B&1!N%&1!-#$&6!N,0%!0%&!419)&6,$0#/'&!+,04#0,(1+!+4$%!#+!0&))(),+0!#00#$O+J!

N#)+!()!9(',0,$#'! ,1+0#/,',0:P!.1&!N#:!(-!6(,12!0%,+!N(4'6!/&!%,2%',2%0,12J!#79',-:,12!

#16! &1%#1$,12! &'&7&10+! 0%#0! #)&! $()&! 0(! 0%&! )&2,(1! #16! $#1! #$0! #+! 9&)7#1&10!

0(4),+0! #00)#$0,(1+P! *%&+&! ,1$'46&! 0%&! +0)(12! $4'04)&J! N%,$%! ,+! #! 7()&! 9&)7#1&10!

#+9&$0!(-!0%&!)&2,(1P!!

Page 60: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

GG!!

5$$()6,12!0(!S,16&)1/&)2J!ZLDDa[J!$4'04)#'!41,T4&1&++!#16!6,--&)&1$&+!#)&!-()&7(+0!

,-!#!6&+0,1#0,(1!1&&6+!0(!0)#1+-()7!'($#'!$4'04)&! ,10(!#!7#e()!0(4),+0!#00)#$0,(1!#16!

/),12! 0%&! ,164+0):! &$(1(7,$! +4$$&++P! _1! ()6&)! 0(! #00)#$0! $4'04)#'! 0(4),+0+! ,10(!

S&/#1(1!+(!0%#0!0%&:!$#1!+#79'&!#16!2#,1!7()&!O1(N'&62&!#/(40!0%&!$4'04)&!(-!0%&!

6&+0,1#0,(1J! 0%&! +&$0()! 1&&6+! 0(! &+0#/',+%! 0%&! 7(+0! #99)(9),#0&! +0)#0&2,&+! #16!

#99)(#$%&+! 0%#0! N,''! %&'9! ,0! 7#)O&0! 0%,+! $4'04)#'! &'&7&10! &--&$0,B&':! 0(! 0%&! 2'(/#'!

7#)O&0!Z=#10#1&1J!LDDG[P!!

_1! 9#)0J! S&/#1(1! %#+! 7#1#2&6! 0(! 7#)O&0! ,0+! +&'-! #+! #! $4'04)#'':! ),$%! 0(4),+0!

6&+0,1#0,(1P! *%&! $#9,0#'! $,0:J!"&,)40J! ,+! )&2#)6&6!#+! #!74'0,$4'04)#'! $,0:P! _1! #66,0,(1J!

0%&!$(410):!%#+!+0),B&6!0(!)&7#,1!7(6&)1,V&6!,1!0%&!7(+0':!0)#6,0,(1#'!+($,&0:!(-!0%&!

;,66'&! R#+0J! #1! #+9&$0! 0%#0! %#+! $(10,14(4+':! &1+4)&6! 0%#0! S&/#1(1! )&7#,1+!

9)&-&)#/'&!(B&)!(0%&)!;,66'&!R#+0&)1!0(4),+0!#00)#$0,(1+P!!

:FO@ /80!J)60!)*!7.B0,'1(0#0-'!1-!<%,K0'1-=!'80!N,%-.!"#%=0!

*%&! )('&! 9'#:&6! /:! #6B&)0,+,12! (-! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0,&+! (-! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1+! ,+! #1!

#)&#!0%#0!%#+!/&&1!N,6&':!-($4+&6!(1!,1!7#)O&0,12!)&+&#)$%!Z=#10#1&1J!LDDG[P!*%,+!

O,16! (-! )&+&#)$%! -($4+&+! (1! &+0#/',+%,12! 0%&! &--&$0,B&1&++! /:! (/+&)B,12! 0%&!

)&'#0,(1+%,9+! /&0N&&1!7#)O&0,12! $#79#,21+! #16! %(N! 0%&:! ,79#$0! 0%&! 147/&)! (-!

,10&)1#0,(1#'! 0(4),+0! #)),B#'+! Z_*`[! ,1! #! $(410):P! ! *%&! #6B&)0,+&7&10! #16!7#)O&0,12!

+0)#0&2,&+! #)&! 7#6&! 0(! ,1$)&#+&! 0%&! B,+,0()! #N#)&1&++! (-! 0%&! 6&+0,1#0,(1! #+! N&''!

/((+0! #! 9(+,0,B&! ,7#2&! #16! /4,'6! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0:! (-! 0%&! 6&+0,1#0,(1! Z=#10#1&1J!

LDDG[P!!

*%&!+#7&!)&+&#)$%!#/(40!7#)O&0,12!#16!#6B&)0,+,12!+0)#0&2,&+!(-!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!%#+!

&+0#/',+%&6! 0%#0! 0%&)&! #)&! ,16&&6! +,21,-,$#10! 6,--&)&1$&+! ,1! 9&)$&90,(1J! #N#)&1&++!

#16! ,7#2&! /&-()&! #16! #-0&)! 0%&! 7#)O&0,12! $#79#,21+! #16! #6B&)0,+&7&10!

Z;$M,'',#7+! #16! c)(790(1J! FXXE[P! ! *%&! #6B&)0,+,12! +0)#0&2:! ,+! 0%&)&-()&! #1!

#99)(#$%! 0%#0! +%(4'6!/&! +&),(4+':! $(1+,6&)&6! ,1! 0%&!/,6! 0(! $)&#0&!7()&! $(1+47&)!

#N#)&1&++!#16!+0)&120%&1!0%&!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:!(-!S&/#1(1!#+!#!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1P!

*%,+! ,+! &+9&$,#'':! +(! /&$#4+&! 0%&! $(410):Y+! ,7#2&! %#+! /&&1! 0#)1,+%&6! /:! 1&2#0,B&!

-($4+!/:!0%&! ,10&)1#0,(1#'!7&6,#!#16!#'+(!0%&!1&,2%/()!&--&$0!N%&)&!0%&!$(410):! ,+!

9&)$&,B&6!,1!',2%0!(-!0%&!2(,12+!(1!,1!(0%&)!;,66'&!R#+0!$(410),&+P!!

Page 61: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

GH!!

*%&! ,10&)1#0,(1#'!7&6,#! %#+! &+9&$,#'':! 9'#:&6! #! /,2! 9#)0! ,1! &Q0&16,12! 0%&! 1(0d+#-&!

9&)$&90,(1!(-! S&/#1(1!#+!#!9)&-&)#/'&! 0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1P! !*%&!7&6,#!%#+! -($4+&6!

(1! 0%&! ,++4&! (-! 9(',0,$#'! ,1+0#/,',0:! ',O&! 0%&! 0&))(),+0! #$0,B,0,&+! #16! #00#$O+! ,1! 0%&!

$(410):J! 0%&! )('&! (-! 8&V/(''#%! #16! ,0+! 2),9! (1! 0%&! S&/#1&+&! 2(B&)17&10J! 0%&!

$(1+&T4&1$&+!(-!$(1-',$0!#16!N#)!#16!+(!(1P!*%,+!1&2#0,B&!7&6,#!-($4+!%#+!0%&)&-()&!

#$0&6! 0(! )4,1! 0%&! $)&6,/,',0:! #16! #00)#$0,B&1&++! (-! 0%&! $(410):! 0(! 9(0&10,#'! B,+,0()+!

#16!+4/+&T4&10':!N&#O&1&6!,0+!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:P!!

j+,12! 0%&!+#7&! ,10&)1#0,(1#'!7&6,#! 0(!7#)O&0!#16!9)(7(0&!S&/#1(1Y+!#00)#$0,(1+J!

-($4+,12!#16!%,2%',2%0,12!0%&!&'&7&10+!(-!0%&!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:!N,''!%&'9!S&/#1(1Y+!

0(4),+0!,164+0):!)&2#,1!+(7&!(-!,0+!'(+0!2'():!#16!)&/4,'6!,0+!0#)1,+%&6!,7#2&!Z<7,0%J!

LDDK[P! .1&! N#:! (-! /4,'6,12! #16! 7#)O&0,12! 0%,+! +0)(12! /)#16! ,7#2&! N(4'6! /&!

9)(7(0,12!0%&!$(410):Y+!$#9,0#'J!"&,)40J!#+!#!74'0,$4'04)#'!$,0:P!!

5! 147/&)! (-! $4'04)#'! &B&10+! +%(4'6! /&! ,1,0,#0&6J! #16! &Q,+0,12! (1&+! +%(4'6! /&!

9(',+%&6! #16!&Q9#16&6P! ?($4+! +%(4'6!/&! 2,B&1! 0(!"&,)40Y+! /4,'6,12+J!74+&47+J! #)0!

&Q%,/,0,(1+! #16! 0%&! $,0:Y+! ),$%! $4'04)#'! %&),0#2&P! 3(,12! 0%,+! ,+! 1(! &#+:! 0#+OJ! #+!

7#)O&0,12J!#6B&)0,+,12!#16!9)(7(0,(1!,+J!#$$()6,12!0(!=#10#1&1!ZLDDG[J!/(0%!#1!#)0!

#16!#!+$,&1$&J!()!#1!,10),$#0&! ,10&)9'#:!(-!0%&!0N(!&'&7&10+P! _1!S&/#1(1Y+!$#+&J!0%&!

+,04#0,(1!,+!0((!$(79'&QJ!#+!0(0#'':!(B&)04)1,12!0%&!&Q,+0,12!1&2#0,B&!,7#2&!/)(42%0!

#/(40!/:!$(1+0#10!9(',0,$#'!,1+0#/,',0:J!0%&!)&+4'0+!(-!0&))(),+7!#$0,B,0,&+!#+!N&''!#+!0%&!

s1&,2%/()!&--&$0Y!,+!1(0!&#+:P!!

c)&#0,12! 0%&!7(+0! +4,0#/'&!7#)O&0,12! $%#11&'+J! &+0#/',+%,12! 0%&! ),2%0! )&'#0,(1+%,9+!

#16! $(10#$0+! #0! 0%&! )&2,(1#'! #16! ,10&)1#0,(1#'! '&B&'! #+! N&''! #+! %#B,12! #!

$(79)&%&1+,B&!416&)+0#16,12!(-! %(N!9)(7(0,(1! +:+0&7+! #16! 0(4),+7!6,+0),/40,(1!

N()O!#)&! ,79()0#10!#+9&$0+! 0%#0! 0%&!S&/#1&+&! 0(4),+0! ,164+0):! +%(4'6!%#B&!#!O&&1!

416&)+0#16,12! #/(40! Z<0#1$,4'&+$4J! LDDa[P! b)(7(0,(1J! #6B&)0,+,12! #16! 7#)O&0,12!

+0)#0&2,&+! #6(90&6! /:! 0%&! S&/#1&+&! 0(4),+0! +&$0()! +%(4'6! 0%&)&-()&! /&!

$(79)&%&1+,B&J! 41,T4&! #16! )&+,',&10! ,1! ()6&)! 0(! #$%,&B&! 0%&! )&+4'0+P! ! *%&! 2)#64#'!

,79)(B&7&10!(-!0%&!+&$0()!N,''!/&!'#)2&':!/#+&6!(1!0%&!#/,',0:!(-!0%&!,164+0):!0(!/&!

-'&Q,/'&! ,1! 0%&! 2'(/#'! 0(4),+0! 7#)O&0! ,1! ()6&)! 0(! /&! #00)#$0,B&! #16! 6&+,)#/'&! /:! #''!

O,16+!(-!B,+,0()+J!,10&)1#0,(1#'!#+!N&''!#+!)&2,(1#'!Z<7,0%J!LDDK[P!

5$$()6,12! 0(! <0#1$,4'&+$4! ZLDDa[J! 0%&! #6B&)0,+,12! #16! 7#)O&0,12! (-! #! +9&$,-,$!

2&(2)#9%,$#'! '($#0,(1! ,+! ,79()0#10! ,1! 0%#0! ,0! ,1-()7+! #16! $(1B,1$&+! 0%&! 9(0&10,#'!

Page 62: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

GE!!

0(4),+0+!0(!0)#B&'!#16!B,+,0!0%&!#)&#P! ! _0! ,+!#'+(! ,79&)#0,B&!0%#0!0%&!+0)#0&2:!$(10#,1+!

+4,0#/'&!7#)O&0!$(7741,$#0,(1!$(79(1&10+J!#+!0%&)&!#)&!+9&$,-,$!-)#7&N()O+!0%#0!

0%&! 7#)O&0! N,''! &12#2&! ,1! ,10&)9)&0,12! 0%&+&! 7#)O&0,12! +0)#0&2,&+! 4+&6! /:! 0%&!

,164+0):J! c()&! #+9&$0+! 0%)(42%! N%,$%! ,10&)9)&0#0,(1+! #)&! 6)#N1! #)&! 0%&! $4'04)#'!

,7#2&+P! *%,+! ,79',&+! 0%&! ,7#2&+! 0%#0! #)&! 9)&+&10! ,1! 0%&! 0#)2&0&6!7#)O&0! +&27&10P!

S&/#1&+&! 0(4),+0! 9)(7(0,(1+! +%(4'6! 0%&)&-()&! -($4+! (1! %(N! 0%&! $4'04)&! (-! 0%&!

0#)2&0&6!7#)O&0! ,1-'4&1$&+! 0%&,)! 6&$,+,(1! 0(! B,+,0! #! 9#)0,$4'#)! 6&+0,1#0,(1! #16! %(N!

0%,+! 9)&-&)&1$&! $#1! /&! %#)1&++&6! 0(! /&$(7&! /&1&-,$,#'! 0(! 0%&! $(410):Y+! ,164+0):P!

8,2%',2%0,12! 0%&! $4'04)#'! #+9&$0+! 0%#0! #)&!9)&-&))&6!/:! 0%&! 0#)2&0&6!7#)O&0! $#1!6(!

0%,+P!!

j)):! ZFXXD[J! +0#0&+! 0%#0! 0(4),+7! ,+! /#+&6! (1! 0%&! +&#)$%! -()! 0%&! &Q0)#()6,1#):! ,1!

$(79#),+(1! 0(! 0%&! &B&):6#:! &1B,)(17&10J! #$0,B,0,&+! #16! ',-&+0:'&! (-! 0%&! ,16,B,64#'P!

*%&)&-()&J! 0(4),+7! &Q9&),&1$&+! 0%#0! #)&! $4'04)&! +9&$,-,$! #)&! #! 9)&)&T4,+,0&! ,1! 0%&!

$(10)#+0,12! (-! 0%&! 9(0&10,#'! 0(4),+0Y+! &B&):! 6#:! ',-&P! _1! 0%,+! )&2#)6J! 0%&! $4'04)&J!

&$(1(7:!#16!9(',0,$#'!+0#0&!(-!6&+0,1#0,(1+!7&#1+!0%#0!0%&!+#7&!2&(2)#9%,$#'!#)&#+!

#+! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1+! %#B&! 7()&! &Q0&1+,B&! 7&#1,12+! #16! 9(0&10,#'J! 7()&! 0%#1!

(0%&)! $(1+47&)! 9)(64$0+! Z*%&)O&'+&1J! LDDK[P! *%,+! 7&#1+! 0%#0! 0%&! 0(4),+0!

6&+0,1#0,(1+! #16! 0%&,)! $4))&10! ,7#2&+! #)&! ,10&)0N,1&6!N,0%! 0%&! 9)&+&10! #+!N&''! #+!!

%,+0(),$#'! )&'#0,(1+%,9! /&0N&&1! 0%&! 0(4),+0+Y! $(410):! (-! (),2,1! #16! 0%&! 6&+0,1#0,(1J!

Z*%&)O&'+&1J!LDDK[P!!!

c(1+&T4&10':J! #+! +&&1! ,1! 0%&! ;,66'&! R#+0&)1! 0(4),+7! +$&1#),(J! 0%&! )&'#0,(1+%,9!

/&0N&&1!0%&!)&2,(1!#16!0%&!N&+0J!/(0%!$4))&10!#16!%,+0(),$#'J!#--&$0+!0%&!$%(,$&!(-!

0%&!9(0&10,#'!0(4),+0+!0(!0%&!)&2,(1P!?()!0%&!7(+0!9#)0J!#!%(+0,'&!)&'#0,(1+%,9!/&0N&&1!

;,66'&! R#+0! #16! 0%&! N&+0! %#+! #'N#:+! &Q,+0&6P! *%,+! +,04#0,(1! %#+! &1+4)&6! 2)&#0!

B#),#1$&+!#16!-'4$04#0,(1+!(-!0(4),+0+!-)(7!0%&!N&+0!B,+,0,12!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1!,1!0%&!

;,66'&!R#+0P!!

*%&!+,04#0,(1!%#+!/&&1!-4)0%&)!N()+&1&6!/:!+&$4),0:!$(1$&)1+!#16!0)#B&'!#6B,+(),&+!

#2#,1+0! 7#1:!;,66'&! R#+0&)1! $(410),&+P! *%&)&-()&J! 0%&! #6B&)0,+,12! #16! 7#)O&0,12!

+0)#0&2:!#6(90&6!/:!S&/#1(1!#16!(0%&)!;,66'&!R#+0&)1!$(410),&+!+%(4'6!/&!#/'&!0(!

6,+9&'! +(7&! (-! 0%,+! 9)&+4790,(1+J! 9)&e46,$&+! #16! +0&)&(0:9&+! 0%#0! %#B&! /&&1!

%,+0(),$#'':! #++($,#0&6! N,0%! 0%&! )&2,(1J! #16! N()O&6! #0! 9)(7(0,12! #1! ,1#$$4)#0&!

,7#2&!(-!0%&!)&2,(1!#16!0%#0!(-!,16,B,64#'!$(410),&+!#+!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1+P!!

Page 63: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

Gh!!

?()!S&/#1(1Y+! 0(4),+0! ,164+0):!0(!#$%,&B&!0%&!6,+0,1$0!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:!#16!#00)#$0!

'#)2&! 147/&)+! (-! 0(4),+0+! -)(7! /(0%! 0%&! ,10&)1#0,(1#'! '&B&'J! )&2,(1#'! #16! '($#'!

7#)O&0+J! ,0! ,+! ,79()0#10! -()! 0%&! 9'#:&)! 0(! 9(++&+! #! $(79)&%&1+,B&! 416&)+0#16,12!

%(N!0(4),+0+!9&)$&,B&!9'#$&+!#16!6&+0,1#0,(1+P!*%,+!N,''!%&'9! 0%&! ,164+0):! 0(!$)&#0&!

0%#0!6,+0,1$0,B&!6&+0,1#0,(1!,6&10,0:!ZRO,1$,J!LDDH[P!RO,1$,!-4)0%&)!+0#0&+!0%#0!0%&!N#:!

6&+0,1#0,(1! ,+! 9&)$&,B&6! /:! 0%&! 9(0&10,#'! B,+,0()! #+! 9(++&++,12! #! $(7/,1#0,(1! (-!

&Q9&),&1$&+!#16! ,16,B,64#'!9)(64$0+!0%#0!7&)2&!0(!$)&#0&!0%&!(B&)#''!&Q9&),&1$&!(-!

0%&! 6&+0,1#0,(1P! 5+! 9)&B,(4+':! +0#0&6J! 0%&! ,7#2&! (-! #! 6&+0,1#0,(1! ,+! /#+&6! (1! 0%&!

#--&$0,B&!#!N&''! #+! 0%&!$(21,0,B&!&'&7&10+P! _1! 0%&! +#7&!B&,1J!7()&! +046,&+! ,16,$#0&!

0%#0! 0%&)&! ,+!#! )&'#0,(1+%,9!/&0N&&1! 0%&! ,7#2&!(-! 0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!#16! 0%&!N()6!(-!

7(40%!7#)O&0,12!/:!0(4),+0+!N%(!%#B&!B,+,0&6!0%&!#)&#!Z;,66'&0(1J!LDDF[P!!

S&/#1(1Y+!0(4),+7!,164+0):!+%(4'6!0%&)&-()&!0#O&!0%,+!9)(7(0,(1#'!#+9&$0!+&),(4+':!

#16!+0)422'&!0(!6&',B&)!#!7&7()#/'&!&Q9&),&1$&!0(!0%&!0(4),+0+J!#+!0%&:!,1!04)1!%#B&!

0%&!#/,',0:! 0(! )&$(77&16!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1+! 0(!(0%&)!9&(9'&! 0%&:!$(7&! ,10(!$(10#$0!

N,0%P! *%&)&! ,+! #'+(! #1! ,10&)$(11&$0,(1!N,0%! 0%&! ,7#2&! (-! 0%&! 6&+0,1#0,(1!N,0%! 0%&!

&Q9&$0#0,(1+! (-! 0%&! 0(4),+0+! N%(! $%((+&! 0(! B,+,0! 0%&! #)&#! Z;,66'&0(1J! LDDK[P! _-! #!

6&+0,1#0,(1!9(++&++&+!0%&!&'&7&10+!0%#0!7&&0!0%&!&'&7&10+!0%#0!#)&!#00)#$0,B&!#16!

6&+,)#/'&!0(!0%&!0(4),+0+J!0%&1!0%&!,7#2&!(-!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!,+!',O&':!0(!,79)(B&P!!

*%&)&-()&J! ,0! ,+! ,79&)#0,B&! -()! O&:! 9'#:&)+! ,1! S&/#1(1Y+! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! 0(!

&Q0&1+,B&':!416&)+0#16!$4))&10!&Q9&$0#0,(1+!(-!0(4),+0+!-)(7!#)(416!0%&!2'(/&J!#16!

+4/+&T4&10':! &12#2&! +0)#0&2,&+! 0%#0!N,''!7&&0! 0%,+! &Q9&$0#0,(1+! +4$%!#+! $)&#0,12! #!

74'0,$4'04)#'!&Q9&),&1$&J! ,79)(B,12!+&$4),0:!#16!&1%#1$,12!+($,#'d9(',0,$#'! +0#/,',0:J!

#+! N&''! 0%&! 6&B&'(97&10! (-! 7(6&)1! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&! #16! 0(4),+0! #7&1,0,&+! 0%#0! N,''!

9'#$&!0%&!,164+0):!,1!0%&!%,2%&)!&$%&'(1+!(-!$(79&0,0,B&!0(4),+0+!6&+0,1#0,(1+!(1!0%&!

2'(/#'!9'#0-()7P!!

_1! ()6&)! 0(! 6,--&)&10,#0&! #16! 9(+,0,(1! S&/#1(1Y+! 0(4),+7! ,1! 0%&! 2'(/#'! #)&1#J! ,0! ,+!

,79&)#0,B&! 0%#0! &Q0&1+,B&! -($4+! ,+! 2,B&1! 0(! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0:! &'&7&10+! 6,+$4++&6!

9)&B,(4+':! ,1! 0%,+! 9#9&)P! *%,+! ,+! #$%,&B#/'&! 0%)(42%! 0%&! $)&#0,B&! 7#)O&0,12! #16!

#6B&)0,+,12!0&$%1,T4&+J!N%,$%!6)#N!+4--,$,&10!#7(410+!(-!94/',$,0:J!N%,$%!N,''!-($4+!

(1! 0%&! 9(+,0,B&! &'&7&10+! (-! S&/#1&+&! 0(4),+7! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0:P! *%(42%! 0%&!

$(410):Y+!0(4),+7!+&$0()!%#+!6&7(1+0)#0&6!)&+,',&1$&!,1!)&&+0#/',+%,12!,0+&'-!#+!#!0(9!

1(0$%!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1!-()!B,+,0()+!-)(7!#)(416!0%&!2'(/&J!,0!,+!,79&)#0,B&!0%#0!0%&!

Page 64: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

GX!!

,164+0):! )&&Q#7,1&+! ,0+&'-! #16! &B#'4#0&+! 0%&! &--&$0,B&1&++! (-! 9#+0! #16! $4))&10!

7#)O&0,12! +0)#0&2,&+J! $(7741,$#0,(1!&--&$0,B&1&++! ,1!#66,0,(1! 0(!#'',#1$&+! 0%#0!#)&!

/&1&-,$,#'!-()!0%&!2((6!9&)-()7#1$&!(-!0%&!,164+0):P!

*%,+! &B#'4#0,(1! #16! +4/+&T4&10! #$0,(1! 0%#0! 6&7(1+0)#0&+! -'&Q,/'&! 7#)O&0,12J!

9)(7(0,(1! #16! #6B&)0,+,12! +0)#0&2,&+! N,''! &1+4)&! 0%#0! S&/#1(1Y+! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):J!

N%,$%! %#+! 2)&#0':! +4--&)&6! -)(7! 419)&6,$0#/'&! $:$'&+! /)(42%0! #/(40! /:! 9(',0,$#'!

,1+0#/,',0:J!,1$)&#+&+!,0+!7#)O&0!+%#)&!,1!0%&!2'(/#'!0(4),+0!,164+0):P!*%,+!,+!&+9&$,#'':!

/&$#4+&!0%&!2'(/#'!0(4),+0!7#)O&0!,+!/&$(7,12!,1$)&#+,12':!B('#0,'&!#16!$(79&0,0,B&J!

#16! (1':! 0%(+&! 6&+0,1#0,(1+! 0%#0! &7/)#$&!7(6&)1,0:! #16! 0%&! 1&N! N#:+! ,1! N%,$%!

0(4),+7! ,+! /&,12! 9)#$0,$&6! N,''! /&! #/'&! 0(! )&7#,1! )&'&B#10! #16! #$%,&B&! 0#)2&0&6!

147/&)+!(-!0(4),+0+!#)),B#'+!Z;,12%&00,J!LDDF[P!!

*(!$(410&)! 0%&!&--&$0+!(-!9(',0,$#'! 0&1+,(1+!#16! ,1+0#/,',0:!#+!N&''!#+! 0%&!2'(/#'!#16!

'($#'!&--&$0+!(-!0&))(),+7J!S&/#1(1Y+!,164+0):!1&&6+!0(!,16&10,-:!&7&)2,12!7#)O&0+!,1!

2'(/#'!0(4),+7!#16!-($4+!(1!7#)O&0,12!#16!#6B&)0,+,12!0(!0%,+!7#)O&0!+&27&10P!*%,+!

N,''! %&'9! 0%&! ,164+0):! 0(! &+0#/',+%! 0%#0! 41,T4&!/)#16! ,6&10,0:! 0%#0!N,''! &1#/'&! ,0! 0(!

)&7#,1!$(79&0,0,B&!,1!0%&!2'(/#'!0(4),+0!,164+0):!Z3N:&)J!LDDK[P!!

5$$()6,12! 0(! *%&)O&'+&1! ZLDDF[J! +0#0&+! 9)&d&Q,+0! 0%&! ,6&10,0,&+! 0%#0! %#B&! /&&1!

$)&#0&6!-()!0%&7!/:!0%&!7#)O&0&)+P! _1!0%,+!B&,1J!$(1+47&)+!#16!#6B&)0,+&)+!#)&!1(0!

#/'&! 0(! %#B&! #1! (/e&$0,B&! B,&N! )&2#)6,12! 0%&! $)#-0&6! ,6&10,0,&+P! ! _1! $)&#0,12! ()!

)&,1-()$,12! #1! ,6&10,0:! ()! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0:J! ,0! ,+! 1&$&++#):! -()! 0%&! 7#)O&0&)+! 0(!

&+0#/',+%!#16!$(1B&:!0%&!#99)(9),#0&!,7#2&!(-!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!/#+&6!(1!0%&!41,T4&!

#00)#$0,(1+J! -#$,',0,&+! #16! 0%&! +&)B,$&+! #B#,'#/'&! 0(! 0(4),+0+P! 5! 2((6! ,7#2&! -()! 0%&!

6&+0,1#0,(1! +%(4'6! 0):! #+!74$%! #+! 9(++,/'&! 0(! )&-'&$0! )&#',0:P! *%,+! N,''! &1+4)&! 0%#0!

N%&1! 0%&! 0(4),+0+! B,+,0! 0%&! $(410):J! 0%&:! #)&! 1(0! 6,+#99(,10&6! /40! )#0%&)! 0%&,)!

&Q9&$0#0,(1+!N,''!/&!+49&)+&6&6P!!

*%&!9&)$&90,(1+!(-!0%&!0(4),+0!)&2#)6,12!0%&!,7#2&!(-!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!#)&!/#+&6!49(1!

+&B&)#'! 6,7&1+,(1+P! *%&+&! #)&! 0%&! 2&1&)#'! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&! 0%#0! &Q,+0+! ,1! 0%&!

6&+0,1#0,(1J! 0%&! 1#04)#'! )&+(4)$&+J! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&! 0%#0! ,+! #B#,'#/'&! -()! 0%&! 0(4),+0+J!

-#$,',0,&+! -()! )&$)&#0,(1! #16! '&,+4)&J! 0%&! +($,(d$4'04)#'! #16! #)0,+0,$! %,+0():J! 1#04)#'!

&1B,)(17&10J!&$(1(7:J!+($,#'!&1B,)(17&10!#+!N&''!#+!0%&!2&1&)#'!#07(+9%&)&!(-!0%&!

6&+0,1#0,(1! Z"&&)',! #16!;#)0,J! LDDK[P! S&/#1(1Y+! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! +%(4'6! 0%&)&-()&!

-($4+! (1! 0%,+! 9&)$&90,(1! (-! &'&7&10+! -()! 0#)2&0&6! 7#)O&0+J! &1+4),12! 0%#0! &#$%!

Page 65: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

HD!!

$),0&),(1! ,+! &79%#+,V&6!9400,12! ,10(! $(1+,6&)#0,(1! 0%&! $4'04)#'! /#$O2)(416!(-! &#$%!

0#)2&0P! S&/#1(1! ,+! 1#04)#'':! &16(N&6!N,0%! #''! 0%&+&! &'&7&10+! #16! 0%&! (1':! 0#+O! ,+!

%,2%',2%0,12! 0%&+&! #+9&$0+! 0%)(42%! 9(+,0,B&! 94/',$,0:J! N%,'+0! #0! 0%&! +#7&! 0,7&!

#66)&++,12! 0%&! )((0! $#4+&+! (-! ,1+0#/,',0:! 0%#0! %#+! $(10,14#'':! 416&)7,1&6! 0%&!

9&)-()7#1$&!(-!0%&+&!1#04)#'!&16(N7&10+!,1!#00)#$0,12!0(4),+0+!0(!0%&!$(410):P!!

8(N&B&)J!,0!+%(4'6!/&!1(0&6!0%#0!#+!74$%!#+!#6B&)0,+,12J!7#)O&0,12!$#79#,21+!#16!

9)(7(0,(1+!9'#:!#!$),0,$#'! )('&! ,1!$)&#0,12!9)(64$0!#N#)&1&++!#+!N&''! +0)&120%&1,12!

0%&!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:J! 0%&!1#04)#'! )&9)&+&10#0,(1J!#16! ,1! +(7&! ,1+0#1$&+! 0%&!7(+0!

#40%&10,$J!,+!-(416&6!(1!,1-()7#0,(1!+(4)$&+!N%,$%!#)&!1(1d$(77&)$,#'!Z=#10#1&1J!

LDDG[P! *%,+! 1(1d$(77&)$,#'! #B&14&! N%&)&! 9(0&10,#'! 0(4),+0+! 2&0! #1! ,7#2&! (-! 0%&!

6&+0,1#0,(1! ,+! 0%)(42%! 1&N+! $(B&)#2&! #16! 0%&! (9,1,(1+! (-! -#7,':! #16! -),&16+!N%(!

%#B&!B,+,0&6!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1P!!

?()! 0%,+! )&#+(1J! S&/#1(1Y+! )&$(B&):! +0)#0&2:! +%(4'6! ,10&2)#0&! 0%&+&! ,1-'4&10,#'!

-#$0()+J! &1+4),12! 0%#0! 0%&! ,164+0):! +4)9#++&+! 0%&! &Q9&$0#0,(1+! (-! 0%&! 0(4),+0+!N%(!

B,+,0! 0%&! $(410):J! #16! 0%&:! ,1! 04)1!N,''! 9'#:! #!7#e()! )('&! ,1! 9)(7(0,12! 0%&! $(410):!

0%)(42%! N()6! (-! 7(40%P! 5+! 74$%! #+! 9(',0,$#'! %(+0,',0,&+! #16! 0&))(),+0! #00#$O+! #)&!

6,--,$4'0! 0(!9)&6,$0J!S&/#1(1Y+!2(B&)17&10!+%(4'6!0):!0(!6,9'(7#0,$#'':!&12#2&!N,0%!

N#)),12!-#$0,(1+!/&-()&!0%&!+,04#0,(1!6&0&),()#0&+!N%&)&!0%&!4+&!(-!-()$&!,+!)&T4,)&6P!

*%,+! N,''! &1+4)&! 0%#0! 0%&! $(410):! )&7#,1+! )&'#0,B&':! +0#/'&! #16! 0%&)&-()&! 0%&!

,10&)1#0,(1#'!7&6,#!N,''!-($4+!(1!0%&!9(+,0,B&!#00),/40&+!(-!0%&!$(410):P!

:FOA 51B0,(1*>1-=!304%-)-M(!/)2,1(#!"-.2(',>!

5+! %#+! /&&1! 0%&! -($4+! (-! 0%,+! $%#90&)J! S&/#1(1! 1&&6+! 0(! $(7&! 49!N,0%! +0)#0&2,&+!

0%#0! N,''! &1+4)&! 0%#0! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! ,+! 1(0! &Q0&1+,B&':! #--&$0&6! /:!

419)&6,$0#/'&! &B&10+! +4$%! #+! 0&))(),+0+! #00#$O+J! N#)! #16! 9(',0,$#'! ,1+0#/,',0,&+! 0%#0!

%#B&!,1!0%&!9#+0!49+&0!0%&!,164+0):Y+!9&)-()7#1$&J!(-0&1!416(,12!7#1:!:&#)Y+!N()0%!

(-!&--()0+P!<(7&!(-! 0%&+&!+0)#0&2,&+J!N%,$%!#)&!#')&#6:!/&,12! ,79'&7&10&6J! ,1$'46&!

0%&!6,B&)+,-,$#0,(1!(-!0(4),+0!9)(64$0+!#B#,'#/'&!0(!B,+,0()+P!*%&+&!,1$'46&!9)(7(0,12!

#16! &1%#1$,12! )&',2,(4+! 0(4),+7J! &$(! 0(4),+7J! 7&6,$#'! 0(4),+7J! +9()0+! 0(4),+7! #+!

N&''!#+!(0%&)!6,B&)+,-,&6!0(4),+0!9)(64$0+!ZS&/#1&+&!;,1,+0):!(-!*(4),+7J!LDFD[P!

`&',2,(4+!0(4),+7!,+!9)&6,$0&6!0(!2#,1!9(94'#),0:!#7(12!B,+,0()+!0(!0%&!$(410):P!*%&)&!

#)&! 147&)(4+! +%),1&+! #16! 0&79'&+! +$#00&)&6! #)(416! 0%&! $(410):P! ;()&! )&$&10':J!

Page 66: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

HF!!

0%&)&!,+!#!c%),+0,#1!+%),1&!0%#0!%#+!2#,1&6!9(94'#),0:!#16!%#+!/&$(7&!#!7#e()!0(4),+0!

#00)#$0,(1!,1!0%&!$(410):P!*%&!S#6:!(-!"&+%N#0!+%),1&!'($#0&6!(1!0%&!&#+0&)1!+,6&!(-!

S&/#1(1! ,+! '4),12!)&',2,(4+!0(4),+0!N%(!/&',&B&!0%#0! 0%&!+%),1&! ,+!$#9#/'&!(-!%&#',12!

0%&7!(-!9%:+,$#'! #,'7&10+P!*%&! )&',2,(4+! +,0&+!%#B&!/&&1! 0%&! -($4+!(-!#! -,'7J!N%,$%!

%,2%',2%0+! 0%&,)! %,+0():! #+! N&''! #+! 0%&,)! $4))&10! +,21,-,$#1$&! ,1! S&/#1(1Y+! 0(4),+7!

,164+0):P!_1!#66,0,(1!0(!0%&!147&)(4+!c%),+0,#1!)&',2,(4+!+,0&+!0%#0!,1$'46&!$%4)$%&+J!

7(1#+0&),&+!#16!7#4+('&47+J!0%&)&!#)&!$(410'&++!(0%&)!;4+',7!%(':!+,0&+!0%#0!#'+(!

+&)B&!#+!#00)#$0,(1+!-()!)&',2,(4+!0(4),+7!Z5?bJ!LDDX[P!

;&6,$#'! 0(4),+7! ,+!#'+(!#1!&7&)2,12!0(4),+7!$#0&2():! 0%#0!+&)B,$&+!#!1,$%&!7#)O&0!

0%#0! +(4)$&+! 7&6,$#'! +&)B,$&+! ,1! #! -()&,21! $(410):P! ?()! 0%&! 7(+0! 9#)0J! +(4)$,12!

7&6,$#'!+&)B,$&+!-)(7!#!-()&,21!$(410):!,+!6(1&!/&$#4+&!(-!0%&!#--()6#/,',0:!(-!+4$%!

+&)B,$&+!,1!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!0%#0!%#+!/&&1!$%(+&1P!!

*%&!;,66'&!R#+0! )&2,(1! ,+!2#,1,12!9(94'#),0:!#+!#!9)&-&))&6!6&+0,1#0,(1! -()!7&6,$#'!

0(4),+7P!S&/#1(1!+%(4'6!0%&)&-()&!,1$()9()#0&!0%,+!-#$0()!,10(!+0)#0&2,&+!-()!$)&#0,12!

#!9(+,0,B&!6&+0,1#0,(1!,7#2&P!_1!()6&)!0(!6(!0%,+J!0%&!2(B&)17&10!+%(4'6!9)(B,6&!0%&!

-#$,',0,&+! )&T4,)&6! 0(! 9)(B,6&! #'0&)1#0,B&! 7&6,$#'! (90,(1+J! &Q9#16,12! #')&#6:!

#B#,'#/'&!9#$O#2&+!0(!,1$'46&!1&N&)!9)(64$0+!ZS4$#J!LDFD[P!R--()0+!7#6&!0(N#)6+!0%&!

&Q0&1+,(1! (-! #B#,'#/'&!7&6,$#'! +&)B,$&+! ,1$'46&! $(+7&0,$! +4)2&):P! *%&! $(410):! %#+!

7#1:!T4#',-,&6!$(+7&0,$!+4)2&(1+J!#16!0%&)&-()&!0%&!2(B&)17&10Y+!&--()0+!+%(4'6!/&!

2&#)&6!0(N#)6+!$)&#0,12!#N#)&1&++!#/(40!%,+!-#$0P!!566,0,(1#'':J!#+!,1!#1:!(0%&)!-()7!

(-! +&)B,$&! ,164+0):J! 0%&! 9)(B,6&)+! +%(4'6! &1+4)&! 0%#0! 0%&! 7&6,$#'! 0(4),+0! #)&!

7#Q,7#'':!+#0,+-,&6!#16!N,''! ,1!04)1!9)(7(0&!0%,+!+&$0()!0%)(42%!)&$(77&16,12!0%&!

+&)B,$&+!0(!0%&,)!-#7,',&+!#16!-),&16+!ZS4$#J!LDFD[P!!

R$(! 0(4),+7! ,+! (1&! (-! 0%&! -#+0&+0! 2)(N,12! 0(4),+7! $#0&2(),&+! ,1! 0%&! ,164+0):P! *%&!

N()'6! ,+! $4))&10':! /&,12! -#$&6! /:! 0%&! 0%)&#0! (-! 2'(/#'! N#)7,12J! #! 6,)&$0! )&+4'0! (-!

,))&+9(1+,/'&! %#16',12! (-! 0%&! &1B,)(17&10! Z;&1V,&+J! LDDL[P! 34&! 0(! 0%,+J! 7#1:!

,164+0),&+! #$)(++! 0%&! 2'(/&! %#B&! /&&1! $%#)2&6! N,0%! $)&#0,12! +0)#0&2,&+! 0%#0! N,''!

&1+4)&!0%#0!#!)&+9&$0!-()!0%&!&1B,)(17&10J!#16!,1!0%,+!)&2#)6J!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!

%#+!/&&1! ,1! 0%&! -()&-)(10J!$)&#0,12!+0)#0&2,&+! 0%#0!9)(0&$0! 0%&!&1B,)(17&10P!>'(/#'!

N#)7,12! %#+! /&&1! 0%&! $#4+&! (-! 419)&6,$0#/'&! N&#0%&)! 9#00&)1+! ,1! 7#1:! 0(4),+0!

6&+0,1#0,(1+!#$)(++!0%&!N()'6!#+!N&''!#+!,1$)&#+,12!0&79&)#04)&+!Z;&1V,&+J!LDDL[P!!

Page 67: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

HL!!

*%&!0(4),+0!,164+0):J!N%,$%!'#)2&':!)&',&+!(1!9)&6,$0#/'&!N&#0%&)J!,+!0%&)&-()&!/(416!

0(! /&! &Q0&1+,B&':! #--&$0&6! /:! N&#0%&)! 9#00&)1+! 0%#0! #)&! 419)&6,$0#/'&P! Z8:7#1J!

LDDX[P! ?()! &Q#79'&J! 7(+0! 0(4),+0+! -)(7! 0%&! N&+0! '&#B&! 0%&,)! $(410),&+! (-! (),2,1!

64),12!0%&!N,10&)!+&#+(1+!#16!0)#B&'!0(!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1+!N,0%!#!N#)7!$',7#0&P!_-!

0%&+&! 9#00&)1+! #)&! 49+&0J! 0%&1! 0%&)&! ,+! /(416! 0(! /&! $(1-4+,(1! ,1! $%((+,12! #!

6&+0,1#0,(1J!N%,$%!,1!0%&!7(+0!',O&':!$#+&!+$&1#),(!N,''!#'+(!/&!&Q9&),&1$,12!0%&!+#7&!

419)&6,$0#/,',0:! ,1!N&#0%&)!9#00&)1+P! *%,+J! ,1! 0%&! '(12! )41J!N,''! #--&$0! 0%&! ,7#2&!(-!

0%&! 6&+0,1#0,(1! #+! (--&),12! #! +9&$,-,$! 6&+,)#/'&! N&#0%&)! #+9&$0! 0(! 0%&! 9(0&10,#'!

0(4),+0+P!!

R$(!0(4),+7!,+!6&+$),/&6!#+!&1B,)(17&10#'':!$(1+$,&10,(4+!0)#B&'!,1!1#04)#'!+,0&+!#16!

#)&#+! -()! 0%&! 94)9(+&+! (-! 0%&! &1e(:7&10! #16! #99)&$,#0,(1! (-! 1#04)&! #16! (0%&)!

$4'04)#'!&'&7&10+!(-!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!-)(7!0%&!9#+0!#+!N&''!#+!0%&!9)&+&10P!*%,+!O,16!(-!

0(4),+7! 9)(7(0&+! $(1+&)B#0,(1! #+! N&''! #+! +4+0#,1#/,',0:! #16! 0%&! B,+,0()+! 6(! 1(0!

1&2#0,B&':!,79#$0!0%&!&1B,)(17&10P!*%&!/&1&-,0+!(-!0%,+!O,16!(-!0(4),+7!%#B&!+($,#'!

&$(1(7,$!/&1&-,0+!0(!0%&!'($#'!$(7741,0:!#+!N&''!#+!&1%#1$&!0(4),+0!#)),B#'+!(1!0%&!

1#0,(1#'!'&B&'!Z;&1V,&+J!LDDL[P!!

_1!#!/,6! 0(!/((+0!#16! ,79)(B&! ,0+!&$(! 0(4),+7!+&$0()J! S&/#1(1!%#+!416&)0#O&1! 0%&!

4+&!(-!%,2%!0&$%!-&#04)&+P!*%,+!,+!+499(+&6!0(!,79)(B&!0%&!(B&)#''!&Q9&),&1$&!(-!0%&!

0(4),+0!N%(! B,+,0+! 0%&! $(410):! 0(! &Q9&),&1$&! &$(! 0(4),+7P! *%&! &$(1! 0(4),+7! +&$0()!

%#+!&12#2&6!0%&!4+&6!(-!&'&$0)(1,$!%#16!%&'6!2#62&0+!+4$%!#+!0%&!>'(/#'!b(+,0,(1,12!

<:+0&7! Z>b<[! Z`&/4,'6! S&/#1(1! M&/+,0&J! LDDE[P! *%&+&! %#16! %&'6! 2#62&0+! #)&!

9)(2)#77&6! 0(! 2,B&! '($#0,(1+! 0(! 0%&! &$(! 0(4),+0! +,0&+! ,1! S&/#1(1P! >b<! 2#62&0+!

,10&)#$0!N,0%!+#0&'',0&+!#16!#)&!#/'&!0(!9)(B,6&!#$$4)#0&!9(+,0,(1+!#16!7#9+!+%(N,12!

0%&!&Q#$0! '($#0,(1!(-!#1!#)&#P!*%,+!+%(N+!S&/#1(1Y+!$(77,07&10!0(!0%&!9)(7(0,(1!

(-!&$(!0(4),+7J!#+!N&''!#+!9)(B,6,12!#!+4+0#,1#/'&!7&#1+!0%)(42%!N%,$%!0(!$4+%,(1!

0%&!,164+0):!,1!0%&!&B&10!(-!419)&6,$0#/'&!$,)$47+0#1$&+P!!

_1! #66,0,(1! 0(! 0%,+! -#$0J! 0(4),+0+! -)(7! #)(416! 0%&! 2'(/&! #)&! /&$(7,12! ,1$)&#+,12':!

$(1+$,&10,(4+!)&2#)6,12!0%&,)!)&+9(1+,/,',0:!0(N#)6+!0%&!&1B,)(17&10!#16!0%&,)!)('&!

,1! )&B&)+,12! 0%&! 1&2#0,B&! &--&$0+! (-! 2'(/#'! N#)7,12! Z;&1V,&+J! LDDL[P! *(4),+0+! #)&!

0%&)&-()&!$%((+,12!6&+0,1#0,(1+!0%#0!9)#$0,$&!)&+9(1+,/'&!0)#B&'!#16!0(4),+7!#16!#1:!

$(410):! ()! 6&+0,1#0,(1! 0%#0! -#,'+! 0(! ,10&2)#0&! 0%,+! -#$0()! ,+! /(416! 0(! '(+&! (1! 0%&!

&7&)2,12!9(94'#)! &$(! 0(4),+7! +&27&10P! _1! -()74'#0,12! ,0+! /)#16! ,7#2&! #16!/)#16!

Page 68: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

HK!!

9&)+(1#',0:J!S&/#1(1!+%(4'6!+0&9!49!,0+!&--()0+!0(!,10&2)#0&!&$(!0(4),+7!0(!,0+!/)#16!

,7#2&P!!

_1! $(1$'4+,(1J! 0%,+! +&$0,(1! %#+! &Q0&1+,B&':! #66)&++&6! 6,--&)&10! #)&#+! 0%#0J! ,-!

,10&2)#0&6!,10(!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!,1!S&/#1(1J!N(4'6!%&'9!0%&!+0#0&!#$%,&B&!,0+!-4''!

$#9#$,0:! -()!B,+,0()+!/(0%!)&2,(1#'!#16! ,10&)1#0,(1#'P!*%&!$(410):!%#+!&7&)2&6!#+!#!

-#B(),0&! 6&+0,1#0,(1! -()! 0(4),+0+! ,1! 0%&! )&2,(1J! &+9&$,#'':! -)(7! 0%&! 24'-P! *(! -4)0%&)!

/((+0! 0%,+! 0)&16J! 0%&! ,164+0):! +%(4'6! -($4+!(1!6,B&)+,-:,12! ,0+! 0(4),+0+! +&27&10+! 0(!

#00)#$0!0(4),+0!N,0%!6,B&)+&!&Q9&$0#0,(1+J!',O&!7&6,$#'!0(4),+7J!)&',2,(4+!0(4),+7!#16!

&$(!0(4),+7P!*%,+!6,B&)+,-,$#0,(1!(-!9)(64$0+!N,''!&1+4)&!0%#0!S&/#1(1!6(&+!1(0!%#B&!

0(! )&':! (1! (1':! (1&! &'&7&10! (-! 0%&! 7#)O&0P! *%,+! (B&)! )&',#1$&! (1! ',7,0&6! 7#)O&0!

(90,(1+!,+!N%#0!%#+!$#4+&6!S&/#1(1J!0(!/&!#6B&)+&':!#--&$0&6!/:!&B&10+!+4$%!#+!0%&!

XiFF!#00#$O+!#16!(0%&)!'($#'!0&))(),+0+!#00#$O+P!!

566,0,(1#'':J! 0%,+! +&$0,(1! %#+! )&B,&N&6! 0%&! 7#)O&0! 6:1#7,$+! 0%#0! ,1-'4&1$&! 0%&!

,7#2&! (-! #! 9)(64$0P! ;#)O&0! 6:1#7,$+! #'+(! 9'#:! #! /,2! )('&! ,1! 0%&! N#:! 9(0&10,#'!

0(4),+0+! 9&)$&,B&! #! 9#)0,$4'#)! 6&+0,1#0,(1! /#+&6! (1! ()2#1,$! ()! ,164$&6! +(4)$&+! (-!

,1-()7#0,(1P! *%&! ()2#1,$! +(4)$&+! ,1$'46&! ,1-()7#0,(1! 0%#0! ,+! 1(0! -)(7!

#6B&)0,+&7&10+! #16! 9)(7(0,(1#'! $#79#,21+P! *%&! ,1-()7#0,(1! ,+! 2#)1&)&6! -)(7!

+(4)$&+!+4$%!#+!1&N+!7&6,#!#16!-)(7!)&'#0,B&+!#16!-),&16+!$(1$&)1,12!0%&!B,#/,',0:!

(-!#!$&)0#,1!6&+0,1#0,(1!0(!7&&0!0%&!&Q9&$0#0,(1+!(-!0%&!0(4),+0+P!!

*%&! +&$0,(1!%#+!(/+&)B&6! 0%#0! -()! 0%&! +4$$&++!(-! S&/#1(1!#+! #! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1J!

0%&)&!,+!1&&6!0(!$)&#0&!#!+4,0#/'&!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:!0%#0!N,''!/&!#++($,#0&6!N,0%!0%&!

6&+0,1#0,(1P!?()74'#0,12!#!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:!%#+!/&&1!9)(B&1!0(!&1+4)&!0%&!+4$$&++!

(-!9)(64$0+!,1!0%&!7#)O&0P!*%,+!#99)(#$%!%#+!1(0!/&&1!N,6&':!#99',&6!,1!0%&!0(4),+7!

,164+0):J!/40!0%&!#99)(#$%!,+!+'(N':!/40!&--&$0,B&':!/&,12!,10&2)#0&6!,1!0%&!,164+0):P!

*%&!&--&$0+!(-!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:!(1!6&+0,1#0,(1+!%#B&!+(!-#)!9)(B&1!0(!/&!+4$$&++-4'!

#16!S&/#1(1!+%(4'6!416&)0#O&!0%,+!B&104)&P!!

:FOD /)2,1(#!$,)#)'1)-!

5+! 0%&! 0(4),+0! 7#)O&0+! ,1$)&#+,12':! /&$(7&! 6,B&)+,-,&6! N,0%! 6&+0,1#0,(1+! #6(90,12!

$(79)&%&1+,B&! 7#)O&0,12! +0)#0&2,&+! 0(! 7#)O&0! 0%&! 6&+0,1#0,(1J! 6&+0,1#0,(1!

7#)O&0,12! ,+! /&$(7,12! ,1$)&#+,12':! 9&)0,1&10! -()! 0%&! 2((6! 9&)-()7#1$&! (-! 0%&!

,164+0):! Z;4)9%:! \b),0$%#)6J! FXXE[P! *(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1+! #)(416! 0%&! 2'(/&! #)&!

Page 69: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

Ha!!

$(79&0,12!-()!0%&!7#)O&0!+%#)&!(-!0%&!0(4),+0!,164+0):J!#16!S&/#1(1!1&&6+!0(!#6(90!

7()&! $(79&0,12! -()! 0%&! 7#)O&0! +%#)&! (-! 0%&! 0(4),+0! ,164+0):P! ! *%&! $(410):! #'+(!

1&&6+!0(!#6(90!7()&!$(79&0,0,B&!#16!9#$&!+&00,12!7#)O&0,12!+0)#0&2,&+!0(!9)(7(0&!

,0+! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):P! *%&+&! +0)#0&2,&+! +%(4'6! ,1$'46&!7#++,B&! $#79#,21+! 4+,12! 0%&!

7#++!7&6,#J! &Q$&&6,12! 0%&!&Q9&$0#0,(1+!(-! 0%&! 0(4),+0+!N%(!N,''! 0%&1! )&$(77&16!

0%&! 6&+0,1#0,(1! 0(! (0%&)+! #+! N&''! #+! 2,B,12! ,1$&10,B&+! #16! 6,+$(410+! 0(! B,+,0()+!

Z<&#0(1J!FXXE[P!

_1! 0%&! 9)&+&10! #2&! N%&)&! 0%&! _10&)1&0! %#+! )&B('40,(1,V&6! 7#++! $(7741,$#0,(1J!

9)(7(0,(1+!#16!7#)O&0,12!+0)#0&2,&+!#)&!/&,12!#6(90&6!,1!()6&)!0(!7#Q,7#'':!40,',V&!

0%,+!7&6,47!-()!0%&!9)(7(0,(1!(-!0(4),+7P! _10&)1&0!+&)B,$&+!#)&!N,6&':!#16!)&#6,':!

#B#,'#/'&!0(!9&(9'&!#)(416!0%&!N()'6P!b)(+9&$0,B&!0(4),+0+!(-0&1!4+&!0%&!_10&)1&0!0(!

+&#)$%!-()!6&+0,1#0,(1!,1-()7#0,(1!#16!#00)#$0,(1+P!_1!#66,0,(1!0(!0%,+J!7()&!/((O,12!

,+!/&,12!6(1&!(1',1&J!N%&0%&)!-()!-',2%0+!()!%(0&'!)&+&)B#0,(1+!#0!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1P!

?()! 0%,+! )&#+(1J! S&/#1(1Y+! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! ,+! #6(90,12! 0%&! _10&)1&0! #+! #! +0)(12!

7#)O&0,12! 0(('! -()! ,0+! 0(4),+7! 0%)(42%! Rd7#)O&0,12J! ZM,'O+J! b&16&)2#+0! \!

S&22#0PLDDH[P!*%&!_10&)1&0J!N%,$%!%#+!7,'',(1+!(-!4+&)+!'((O,12!-()!9)(64$0+J! ,+!1(N!

O1(N1! #+! 0%&! '#)2&+0! 7#)O&0! (1! 0%&! 2'(/&P! _1! ?&/)4#):! LDFDJ! #! $(1-&)&1$&! (1! Rd

7#)O&0,12! +0)#0&2,&+! -()! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! N#+! %&'6! ,1! S&/#1(1! #16! /)(42%0!

0(2&0%&)! &Q9&)0+! -)(7! #''! $()1&)+! (-! 0%&! 2'(/&P! *%&! $(1-&)&1$&! N#+! #,7&6! #0!

&Q$%#12,12! $),0,$#'! ,1-()7#0,(1! #16! ,6&#+! 0%#0! N,''! &1%#1$&! Rd7#)O&0,12! -()! 0%&!

,164+0):P! <(7&! (-! 0%&+&! +0)#0&2,&+! ,1$'46&! +&#)$%! &12,1&!7#)O&0,12J! (90,7,V#0,(1J!

7#)O&0,12!0%)(42%!(1',1&!+($,#'!1&0N()O+!#16!+(!-()0%P!

b)(7(0,12!0(4),+7!0%)(42%!Rd7#)O&0,12!-()!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!,1!S&/#1(1!N,''!/&!

(-! 147&)(4+! /&1&-,0+! Z=#1+(J! <,11(! \! C&'+(1J! FXXE[P! ;#)O&0,12! 0%&! /)#16! (-!

S&/#1(1Y+! ,164+0):! 0%)(42%! 0%&! ,10&)1&0! N,''! $)&#0&! ,1$)&#+&6! /)#16! #N#)&1&++!

N,0%,1! 0%&!$(79&0,0,B&!2'(/#'! 0(4),+0!7#)O&0J! #+!N&''! #+! $)&#0,12!/)#16! )&$(21,0,(1!

-()! 0%&! $(410):Y+! #00)#$0,(1+! ,1! #66,0,(1! 0(! ,79)(B,12! 0%&! ,7#2&!(-! 0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!

ZM,'O+J! b&16&)2#+0J\S&22#0JLDDH[P! *%,+! N,''! &B&104#'':! '&#6! 0(! ,1$)&#+&6! )&B&14&!

)&#',V#0,(1!#16!+4+0#,1#/,',0:!(-!0%&! ,164+0):!0%#0!N,''!1(0!/&!6,+)490&6!()!#6B&)+&':!

#--&$0&6!/:!419)&6,$0#/'&!9(',0,$#'!()!+($,#'f&$(1(7,$!-#$0()+!Z;4)9%:!\!b),0$%#)6J!

FXXE[P!

Page 70: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

HG!!

j+,12! Rd7#)O&0,12! #+! #! 9)(7(0,(1! +0)#0&2:! N,''! &1+4)&! 0%#0! 0%&! ,164+0):! 4+&+!

#6B&)0,+&7&10! ,1B&+07&10! ,1! #! N#:! 0%#0! ,+! /(416! 0(! 9)(64$&! 7#Q,747! )&+4'0+!

Z<N#)/)((O&!\!8()1&)J!FXXX[P!5+!1(0&6!9)&B,(4+':J!0%&!_10&)1&0!,+!B,+,0&6!/:!7,'',(1+!

(-! 4+&)+! ,1! +&$(16+J! 0%4+!7#O,12! ,0! 0%&! /,22&+0! 7#)O&0! (1! &#)0%P! 56B&)0,+&7&10+J!

9)(7(0,(1+!#16! $#79#,21+!9'#$&6!(1! 0%&! _10&)1&0! #)&! 0%&)&-()&!/(416! 0(! )&#$%!#!

N,6&)!#46,&1$&!Z<N#)/)((O&!\!8()1&)J!FXXX[P!

*%&!9#$&!0%#0!%#+!/&&1!+&0!/:!0%&!2((6!9&)-()7#1$&!(-! 0%&!0(4),+0! ,164+0):! ,1! 0%&!

$4))&10!#16!9#+0!:&#)!%#+!+&0!0%&!7(7&1047J!N%,$%!+%(4'6!/&!7#,10#,1&6!0%)(42%!

&--,$,&10! 9)(7(0,(1#'! +0)#0&2,&+P! *%&! N()'6! ,+! ,1$)&#+,12':! /&2,11,12! 0(! 9&)$&,B&!

S&/#1(1! #+! #! +#-&! 6&+0,1#0,(1! -()! 0(4),+7! ()! /4+,1&++J! #16! 0%,+! ,7#2&! +%(4'6! /&!

&79%#+,V&6! 0%)(42%!&--&$0,B&!#6B&)0,+&7&10!#16!9)(7(0,(1+P!5+!6,+$4++&6!&#)',&)J!

/)#16,12!(-!0%&!,164+0):!,+!9&)0,1&10!#16!0%,+!$#1!/&!6(1&!0%)(42%!#6(90,12!+9&$,-,$!

6&+,21+! 0%#0! N,''! $(10,14&! 0(! &Q$,0&! 0%&! 0(4),+0! 7#)O&0! #16! %,2%',2%0! 0%&! 9(+,0,B&!

$%#12&+! 0%#0! 0%&! $(410):! %#+! 2(1&! 0%)(42%! ,1! 0%&! '#+0! $(49'&! (-! :&#)+! Z;4)9%:!\!

b),0$%#)6J!FXXE[P!

*%&+&! 9(+,0,B&! $%#12&+! +%(4'6! /&! ,10&2)#0&6! ,10(! 9)(7(0,(1+J! $#79#,21+! #16!

#6B&)0,+&7&10+! 0%#0! N,''! -4)0%&)! &1%#1$&! S&/#1(1Y+! /)#16! #+! #! %(0! 0(4),+0!

6&+0,1#0,(1J! ,1$)&#+&! /)#16! #N#)&1&++! #16! )&$(21,0,(1! #+! N&''! #+! ,79)(B,12!

6&+0,1#0,(1!,7#2&!Z<&#0(1J!FXXE[P!.1&!(-!0%&!0%&+&!$%#12&+!+%(4'6!/&!0%&!-#$0!0%#0!

S&/#1(1!%#+!$(10,14&6!0(!#00)#$0!0(4),+0+J!&B&1!64),12!0%&!2'(/#'!)&$&++,(1J!7&#1,12!

0%#0! ,0! (--&)+! ,0+! B,+,0()+! 41,T4&! &Q9&),&1$&+! 0%#0! O&&9! 0%&7! $(7,12! /#$O! ()!

)&$(77&16,12!(0%&)+!0(!B,+,0!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1P!_1!LDDXJ!S&/#1(1Y+!>3b!&Q9&),&1$&6!#!

Km!2)(N0%!#16!0%,+!,+!64&!0(!0%&!$(7&/#$O!(-!0(4),+7!,1!0%&!$(410):P!5$$()6,12!0(!

0%&!_;?!ZLDFD[J!0%&!9)(e&$0,(1!-()!LDFD!,+!#!Hm!$(10),/40,(1!0(!0%&!1#0,(1#'!>3bP!*%,+!

2)(N0%! +4)9#++&+! 0%&! #B&)#2&! 2)(N0%! )#0&! (-!;,66'&! R#+0&)1! 1#0,(1#'! &$(1(7,&+J!

N%,$%! ,+! #0! #1! #B&)#2&!(-! LPGmJZ_;?J! LDFD[P! *%,+! 2)(N0%! ,1!LDDX! ,+! +,21,-,$#10! #+! ,0!

+49&)+&6&6! &B&1! 0%&! 2)(N0%! (-! 6&B&'(9&6! 1#0,(1+J! N%,$%! &Q9&),&1$&6! #! Kdhm!

2)(N0%!#+!#!)&+4'0!(-!0%&!2'(/#'!&$(1(7,$!)&$&++,(1P!

.0%&)! 9(+,0,B&! $%#12&+! 0%#0! +%(4'6! /&! ,1$'46&6! ,1! $#79#,21! -()! 0%&! $(410):Y+!

0(4),+7!,164+0):!,1$'46&!0%&!,79)(B&6!,7#2&!(-!0%&!$(410):Y+!/#1O,12!+&$0()P!*%,+!,+!

,79()0#10! 0(! 0(4),+0+J! #+! 9&(9'&! ,10&)&+0&6! ,1! /#1O,12! ,1! 0%&! $(410):! #427&10! ,1!

Page 71: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

HH!!

,1-'(N! (-! B,+,0()+! ,10(! 0%&! $(410):J! #66,0,(1#'':! ?3_J! ,+! &1$(4)#2&6! /:! #! +0)(12!

/#1O,12!+&$0()P!

:: J1(K! <%-%=0#0-'! L6%-! *),! 304%-)-M(! /)2,1(#!

"-.2(',>!

3&+9,0&!$)&#0,12!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:!#16!7#)O&0,12!$#79#,21J!0(!9)(7(0&!,0+!0(4),+7!

,164+0):J!S&/#1(1!N,''!#'N#:+!-#$&!0%&!9)(/'&7!0%#0!8&V/(''#%!$#11(0!/&!$(10)(''&6P!

UM%&)&#+!0%&!S&/#1&+&!2(B&)17&10!,+!#99#)&10':!9(',0,$#'':!,1$#9#/'&!(-!$(10)('',12!

8&V/(''#%J! ,0! ,+! &B&1! 7()&! ,1$#9#/'&! (-! &Q&)0,12! 7,',0#):! $(10)('! (B&)! 0%&! 2)(49U!

Z*#'/(0!\!8#)),7#1J!LDDh[P!*%&!9(',0,$#'!,1+0#/,',0:!8&V/(''#%!$#4+&+!,1!0%&!)&2,(1!%#+!

#!+0)(12!1&2#0,B&!,1-'4&1$&!(1!0(4),+7P!

U8&V/(''#%Y+!#)7&6!9)&+&1$&!,1!S&/#1(1!,+!6&0),7&10#'!0(!0%&!)&2,(1#'!+&$4),0:!

#)&1#!,1!-,B&!7#,1!N#:+^!

FP! S&/#1(1Y+! ,10&)1#'! +0#/,',0:! ,+! $(79)(7,+&6! /:! 8&V/(''#%! 64&! 0(! )&',2,(4+!

#16!7,',0#):!+0),-&!#+!N&''!#+!0%&!9(',0,$#'!,10&)B&10,(1+!,0!2&1&)#0&+P!!

LP! 8&V/(''#%! #''(N+! <:),#! #16! _)#1! 0(! %#B&! #! 0%)&#0&1,12! #16! 6&+0#/,',V,12!

,1-'4&1$&!/&:(16!0%&,)!)&+9&$0,B&!/()6&)+P!

KP! *%&! $(10,14&6! #)7&6! 9)&+&1$&! (-! 8&V/(''#%! -4)0%&)! 6&'#:+! 9&#$&! N,0%!

_+)#&'P!!

aP!8&V/(''#%!N&#9(1+!,10&)-&)&!N,0%!0%&!(12(,12!_+)#&',db#'&+0,1,#1!$(1-',$0P!

GP! *%&! j1,0&6! <0#0&+! ,+! -()$&6! 0(! 0#O&! (1! #! $(79'&Q! #16! 6&7#16,12! )('&U!

Z*#'/(0!\!8#)),7#1J!LDDh[P!

*%,+!7&#1+!0%#0!0%&!$(410):!N,''!/&!416&)!0%&!$(1+0#10!),+O!(-!&)490,(1!(-!B,('&1$&!

#16! 0&))(),+0! 0%)&#0+P! *%,+! #'+(! ,79',&+! 0%#0! 0%&! +0)#0&2,&+! 0%#0! 0%&! ,164+0):!

416&)0#O&+!0(!$)&#0&!#!+0)(12!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:!#)&!',O&':!0(!/&!416(1&!,1!0%&!$#+&!

(-! B,('&1$&! #16! ,1+0#/,',0:! #16! 0%&)&-()&! )&04)1! 0%&! $(410):! 0(! ,0+! 9)&B,(4+! +0#0&!

N%&)&! 0%&! ,7#2&! (-! 0%&! 6&+0,1#0,(1! ,+! N&#OP! 34&! 0(! 0%&+&! )&#+(1+J! 0%&! ,164+0):!

1&&6+! 0(! $)&#0&! +0)#0&2,&+! -()! ),+O!7#1#2&7&10! #16! ),+O! #B&)+,(1! 0(!7,1,7,V&! 0%&!

&Q0&10!(-!6#7#2&!()!0(!#B(,6!0%&7!,1!0(0#',0:!ZM,'O+J!b&16&)2#+0!\!S&22#0J!LDDH[P!

Page 72: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

HE!!

`,+O!7#1#2&7&10! ,1! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! ,+! ,79()0#10J!1(0!(1':! 0(!&1+4)&!(90,7#'!

9&)-()7#1$&!#16!)&B&14&!)&#',V#0,(1!(-! 0%&! ,164+0):J!/40!#'+(! -()! 0%&!+#-&0:!(-! 0%&!

0(4),+0!#16!7#Q,7,V,12!0%&!0(4),+0Y+!&Q9&),&1$&!Z>'#&++&)J!LDDH[P!*%&!0(4),+0!,164+0):!

,+! +%#6(N&6! /:!7#1:! ($$4))&1$&+J! N%,$%!7#:! /&! 9)&6,$0#/'&! ()! 419)&6,$0#/'&! ,1!

1#04)&P! *%&! ,164+0):! ,+! '#)2&':! B4'1&)#/'&! 0(! &'&7&10+! 0%#0! #)&! 1(0! N,0%,1! ,0+!

,77&6,#0&! $(10)('P! _0! ,+! 0%&)&-()&! 0%&! )&+9(1+,/,',0:! (-! 0%&! ,164+0):! #16! 0%&!

2(B&)17&10!(-! 0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!0(!0):!#16!7,1,7,V&!0%&+&!),+O+!#+!74$%!#+!9(++,/'&!

#16! &1+4)&! 0%&!7#Q,747! +#-&0:! (-! 0%&! 0(4),+0+! B,+,0,12! 0%&! 6&+0,1#0,(1! Z"4%#',+!\!

c(+0#J!LDDH[P!

5! 6&+0,1#0,(1! N,0%! #! 2((6! ,7#2&! 7#:! /&! -#$&6! N,0%! +466&1! #16! $#0#+0)(9%,$!

($$4))&1$&+! +4$%! #+! 0%&! &Q#79'&! (-! 0%&! (40/)&#O! (-! N#)! /&0N&&1! S&/#1(1! #16!

_+)#&'P!

M%&1!+4$%!6,+#+0&)+!($$4)J! 0%&! ,7#2&J!/(0%! )&#'!#16!9&)$&,B&6J!(-!#!6&+0,1#0,(1! ,+!

&Q0&1+,B&':! 6#7#2&6J! #16! 0%&! )&/4,'6,12! 9)($&++! 0#O&+! #! '(12! 0,7&J! ,1! #66,0,(1! 0(!

)&/4,'6,12! 0(4),+0! $(1-,6&1$&! ,1! 0%&! 6&+0,1#0,(1! Z"4'%#',+! \! c(+0#J! LDDH[P! RB&1! ,1!

$#+&+! N%&)&! 0%&! 9%:+,$#'! 6#7#2&+! +4$%! #+! 6&+0)4$0,(1! (-! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&! $#1! /&!

)&+0()&6! ,1! 0%&!+%()0&+0!#7(410!(-! 0,7&!9(++,/'&J! 0%&! ,79#$0!(1!6&+0,1#0,(1! ,7#2&!

N,''!(-0&1!0#O&!#! '(12!0,7&!0(!/&!)&+0()&6!#16!N,''! ,1B('B&! '#)2&!#7(410+!(-!7(1&:!

+9&10!(1!9)(7(0,(1+J!$)&#0,12!1&N!0(4),+0!#00)#$0,(1+!#16!(--&),12!6,+$(410+!0(!0%&!

0(4),+0+P!M,0%! 0%,+! ,1!7,16J! ,0! ,+! ,79&)#0,B&! -()! 0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1+! 0(!&12#2&!#! ),+O!

7#1#2&7&10!+:+0&7!0%#0!N,''!&1+4)&!0%#0!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!-#$&+!7,1,7#'!),+O+!0(!/(0%!

7#1d7#6&! #16! 1#04)#'! 6,+#+0&)+J! ()! ,1! 0%&! $#+&! N%&)&! 0%&! ,1$,6&10! $#11(0! /&!

#B(,6&6J! 0%&)&! ,+! 7,1,7#'! ),+O! 0(! 0%&! 0(4),+0+! #16! 0%&! ,1-)#+0)4$04)&! (-! 0%&!

6&+0,1#0,(1P!5!2((6!),+O!7#1#2&7&10!+:+0&7!N,''!#'+(!&1+4)&!0%#0!0%&!,7#2&!(-!0%&!

6&+0,1#0,(1!+4--&)+!7,1,7#'':! ,1! 0%&!$#+&!(-!#!$#'#7,0:!#16! 0%&! 0,7&! ,0! 0#O&+! 0(!2&0!

/#$O!(1!,0+!-&&0!,1!+4$%!#!$#+&!,+!7,1,7#'P!

5! ),+O!7#1#2&7&10! 9'#1! +%(4'6! /&! 6,)&$0':! )&'&B#10! 0(! 0%&! 9&)$&,B&6! 6#12&)+! #16!

%#V#)6+! 0%#0! 0%&! 6&+0,1#0,(1! ,+! -#$&6!N,0%P! *%&! &--&$0,B&! +:+0&7! +%(4'6! /&! #/'&! 0(!

,6&10,-:! 0%&! ),+OJ!&12#2&!7,0,2#0,(1!+0)#0&2,&+!#16!#'+(!&1+4)&!9)&9#)&61&++!(-! 0%&!

,164+0):! -()! &7&)2&1$:! )&+9(1+&! ,1! 0%&! $#+&! (-! 419)&6,$0#/'&! ()! 419)&B&10#/'&!

&B&10+P!

Page 73: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

Hh!!

5! ),+O!7#1#2&7&10! +:+0&7! -()! 0%&! 0(4),+0! ,164+0):! +%(4'6! /&! /#+&6! (1! ,16,$#0()+!

Z=),72('6J!LDDH[P!*%,+!,16,$#0()+!#)&!6)#N1!-)(7!9#+0!'&++(1+!+4$%!#+!0%&!,79#$0+!(-!

N#)!#16!9(',0,$#'! ,1+0#/,',0:! ,1! 0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1+J! 0%&!XiFF! 0&))(),+0!#00#$O+! ,1! 0%&!

j<! N%,$%! #--&$0&6! 0%&! 0(4),+0! ,164+0):! #)(416! 0%&! 2'(/&J! #16! 0%&! ,79#$0! (-! 0%&!

0+41#7,! ,1! 0%&!.$,6&10!N%,$%!#--&$0&6! 0(4),+0! ,164+0),&+! 0%#0!#)&!%&#B,':! )&',#10!(1!

0%&,)!$(#+0#'!V(1&+!#+!0(4),+0!#00)#$0,(1+P!

::O: /)2,1(#!L)61&>!%-.!\)#06%-.!I0&2,1'>!1-!304%-)-!

*%&!S&/#1&+&!2(B&)17&10!#16!O&:! ,164+0):!9'#:&)+!1&&6!0(!%#B&!#!$(79)&%&1+,B&!

416&)+0#16,12!(-!0%&!7#e()!),+O+!0%#0!S&/#1(1!-#$&+!#+!#!0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1P!<(7&!(-!

0%&! ),+O+! 0%#0! %#B&! /&&1! &+0#/',+%&6! ,1$'46&! #! B('#0,'&! 9(',0,$#'! #07(+9%&)&! ,1! 0%&!

$(410):P! *%&! $(410):! %#+! /&&1! &Q9&),&1$,12! %(0! ,-! 1(0! &Q9'(+,B&! 9(',0,$#'! 0&1+,(1+!

/(0%!N,0%,1!#16!(40+,6&!,0+!/()6&)+!Z;#1+-,&'6!\!b,V#7J!LDDH[P!*%&+&!0&1+,(1+!(-0&1!

$4'7,1#0&! ,1!#$0+!(-!B,('&1$&J! +4$%! 0%&!#++#++,1#0,(1!(-!b),7&!;,1,+0&)!`#-,O!8#),),J!

+0)&&0!9)(0&+0+J!O,61#99,12+J!#$0+!(-!0&))(),+7!#16!(0%&)!-()7+!(-!9(',0,$#'!B,('&1$&P!

*%&+&! ),+O+! %#B&! /&&1! )&$4)),12! ,1! S&/#1(1! (B&)! 7#1:! :&#)+J! N%,$%! ,79':! 0%#0! #!

+4+0#,1#/'&! +('40,(1! ,+! :&0! 0(! &+0#/',+%&6! ()! &--&$0,B&':! #99',&6P! *%&! 2(B&)17&10!

1&&6+!0(!#1#':V&!0%&!)((0!$#4+&!(-!9(',0,$#'!,1+0#/,',0:!,1!0%&!$(410):!#16!#66)&++!0%&!

$(10),/40,12! -#$0()+! 0(! 0%,+! B('#0,'&! +,04#0,(1J! N%,$%! 1(0! (1':! #--&$0+! 0%&! 0(4),+7!

,164+0):!,1!0%&!$(410):J!/40!#'+(!&Q0&1+,B&':!#--&$0+!0%&!&$(1(7:J!N%,$%!'#)2&':!)&',&+!

(1!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!,1!()6&)!0(!0%),B&!Z"(1,-#$&!\!c((9&)J!LDDG[P!

*%&!,164+0):!+%(4'6!#$$&++!0%&!N#:!,1!N%,$%!B,('&1$&!#--&$0+!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!(-!

0%&!0(4),+7J!1(0!(1':!(1!0%&!7#$)(!'&B&'+!(-!)&B&14&!)&#',V#0,(1!#16!6&+0)4$0,(1!(-!

,1-)#+0)4$04)&J!/40!#'+(!%(N!0%&!#$0,B,0,&+!#++($,#0&6!N,0%!N#)J!0&))(),+0!#$0,B,0,&+!#16!

%(+0,',0:!#--&$0+!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!Z;#1+-,&'6!\!b,V#7J!LDDH[P!*%&+&!-#$0()+!#--&$0!1(0!

(1':!0%&!,7#2&!(-!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!#+!#!/)#16!9)(64$0!/40!#'+(!0%&!0(4),+0!#00)#$0,(1+!

0%&7+&'B&+J!N%,$%!#)&!6&+0)(:&6!/:!/(7/,12+!#16!7,++,'&!#00#$O+J!#16!0%&!2&1&)#'!

&--&$0+! (-! N#)P! *%,+! ,++4&! ,+! B&):! $&10)#'! 0(! 0%&! ),+O!7#1#2&7&10! +:+0&7! 0%#0! 0%&!

S&/#1&+&! 0(4),+0! ,164+0):! #6(90+P! *%,+! ,+! /&$#4+&! N#)),12! -#$0,(1+! #2#,1+0! 0%&!

2(B&)17&10!()!(0%&)+!N%(!6,--&)!,1!,6&('(2,$#'!/&',&-+!#)&!#N#)&!(-!0%&!,79()0#1$&!

(-!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):!,1!S&/#1(1Y+!&$(1(7:P!*%&!#00#$O+!#)&!0%&)&-()&!+9&$,-,$#'':!

0#)2&0&6!(1!0(4),+0!#00)#$0,(1+!,1!0%&!,164+0):!0(N#)6+!&'&7&10+!0%#0!#)&!$&10)#'!0(!

0%&!&--,$,&10!-41$0,(1,12!(-!0%&!,164+0):P!*%,+!#+9&$0!%#+!/&&1!&Q0&1+,B&':!$(B&)&6!(1!

Page 74: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

HX!!

0%&!$%#90&)!(-! 0&))(),+7!(1!0%&!0(4),+7! ,164+0):P!<(7&!(-! 0%&! -#$0()+! ,6&10,-,&6!#+!

0%&! $#4+&! (-! 0%&! 0(4),+0! ,164+0):! /&,12! #! 0#)2&0! -()! 0&))(),+0! #00#$O+! #16! N#)+! ,+!

/&$#4+&! (-! ,0+! ,79()0#1$&! ,1! 0%&! &$(1(7:! (-! 7(+0! $(410),&+! (1! 0%&! 2'(/&P! *%&!

,164+0):! ,+! $,0&6! #+! 0%&! '&#6,12! ,164+0):! ,1! 0%&! N()'6J! #16! 0%&)&-()&! +0),O,12! #!

6&9,'#0,12!/'(N!(1! -#$0()+! 0%#0!&1+4)&+! 0%#0! 0%&! ,164+0):! )41+!N&''!7&#1+! 0%#0! 0%&!

,164+0):! ,+! $),99'&6! #16! +4/+&T4&10':! 0%&! &$(1(7:! (-! 0%&! $(410:! ,+! 6&#'0! #! %&#B:!

/'(N!Z"4%#',+!\!c(+0#J!LDDH[P!

_1!0%&!$#+&!(-!S&/#1(1J!,0!,+!1(0!(1':!0%&!0&))(),+0+!N%(!%#B&!+0)4$O!#!%&#B:!/'(N!(1!

0%&!,164+0):!0%)(42%!B,('&1$&P!_1!0%&!LDDH!N#)!/&0N&&1!_+)#&'!#16!8&V/(''#%J!_+)#&',!

7,',0#):!#$0,(1+!,1$'46&6!+0),O,12!S&/#1(1Y+!,1-)#+0)4$04)&!0%#0!+499()0+!0%&!0(4),+7!

,164+0):P!5+! #! )&+4'0! (-! 0%,+J! 0(4),+7! '#)2&':! $#7&! 0(! #!%#'0! /(0%! #+! #! )&+4'0! (-! 0%&!

B,('&1$&J! /40! #'+(! /&$#4+&! _+)#&',! 7,++,'&+! &Q0&1+,B&':! 6#7#2&6! 0%&! #,)! #16! N#0&)!

0)#1+9()0#0,(1P!_1!()6&)!0(!&B#6&!+4$%!$#'#7,0(4+!&--&$0+!0%#0!9%:+,$#'':!6#7#2&!0%&!

#00)#$0,B&1&++! (-! 0%&! $(410):! #+! #! B,#/'&! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1! /40! #'+(! 6#7#2&+! 0%&!

,7#2&!(-! 0%&!$(410):!(1! 0%&!2'(/#'!9'#0-()7J! 0%&!2(B&)17&10!#16! ,164+0):!9'#:&)+!

+%(4'6! $(7&! 49!N,0%! 6,9'(7#0,$! +0)#0&2,&+! 0%#0!N,''! #B&)0! 0%&! 1&&6! -()! 0%&! 4+&! (-!

B,('&1$&! Z;#1+-,&'6! \! b,V#7J! LDDH[P! 3,9'(7#0,$! #+! N&''! #+! $(1-',$0! )&+('40,(1!

+0)#0&2,&+! 0%#0!%#B&! 0(!/&!&12#2&6!/(0%!(1! 0%&! '($#'! +$&1&!#+!N&''!#+!6&#',12!N,0%!

)&2,(1#'!1&,2%/()+!#16!(0%&)!,10&)1#0,(1#'!$(1-',$0+!0%#0!7#:!($$4)P!*%&!2(B&)17&10!

+%(4'6!%#B&!#!$'&#)!9'#1!0%#0!)&-'&$0+!(1!$(79)&%&1+,B&!+0&9+!0(!/&! -(''(N&6!&#$%!

0,7&! #! 9(0&10,#'! ),+O! ,+! 9&)$&,B&6! 0%#0! ,+! ',O&':! 0(! $4'7,1#0&! ,10(! 9(',0,$#'! B,('&1$&!

Z"4%#',+!\!c(+0#J! LDDH[P! *%&+&! +0&9+! +%(4'6!/&! ,79'&7&10&6!#+!9(',$,&+! ,1! $(1-',$0!

)&+('40,(1+!#16!#''!+%(4'6!/&! ,79'&7&10&6!#16!-(''(N&6!0(!&1+4)&!0%#0!0%&)&! ,+!1(!

&)490,(1!(-!B,('&1$&!0%#0!N,''!6,+)490!0%&!0(4),+7!,164+0):P!

5!),+O!7#1#2&7&10!9'#1!-()!S&/#1(1Y+!0(4),+7!,164+0):!+%(4'6!/&!#,7&6!#0!)&64$,12!

-404)&!),+O+P!5+!+0#0&6!9)&B,(4+':!,1!0%,+!+&$0,(1J!0%&!&--&$0+!(1!0%&!),+O+!6#7#2&!0%&!

0(4),+7! ,164+0):! (1! 7#1:! -)(10+! +4$%! #+! 6#7#2,12! 0%&! /)#16J! 416(,12! 9)&B,(4+!

N()O+!,1!9)(2)&++J!#16!6#7#2,12!,1-)#+0)4$04)&!#7(12!(0%&)+P!51(0%&)!$),0,$#'!#)&#!

N%,$%!#--&$0+!0%&! ,164+0):! ,1!0%&!$#+&!(-!B,('&1$&! ,+! 0%&!6#7#2,12!(-!0%&!&$('(2,$#'!

+:+0&7!0(!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1!#16!6#7#2,12!()!6,+9'#$,12!0%&!+($,(d$4'04)#'!#00)#$0,(1+!

Z;#1+-,&'6!\!b,V#7J!LDDH[P!*%&!N#:!,1!N%,$%!9)&+&10!6#:!N#)-#)&!,+!-(42%0!,1B('B&+!

0%&!4+&!(-!N&#9(1+!0%#0!%#B&!#6B&)+&!1&2#0,B&!&--&$0+!(1!0%&!9%:+,$#'!/&#40:!(-!0%&!

#)&#P! *%,+! #'+(! 6&+0)(:+! 0%&! &$('(2,$#'! +:+0&7! (-! 0%&! #)&#J! N%,$%! ,1! 7#1:! $#+&+!

Page 75: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

ED!!

$#11(0!/&!416(1&!ZM,'O+J!b&16&)2#+0!\!S&22#0J!LDDH[P!M%&1!#!0(4),+0!#00)#$0,(1+!,+!

/(7/&6J! ,0!7#:!/&!6,--,$4'0! ,-! 1(0! ,79(++,/'&! 0(! )&+0()&! 0%&!&$('(2:!#+!N&''! #+! 0%&!

#&+0%&0,$! B#'4&! (-! 0%&! #)&#J! &+9&$,#'':! ,-! 0%&! #00)#$0,(1!N#+! #! 1#04)#'! -&#04)&P!M#)!

#'+(! 6,+9'#$&+! 9&(9'&! N%(! (N1! 0%&! +($,#'d$4'04)#'! B#'4&! (-! #! 6&+0,1#0,(1! ZM,'O+J!

b&16&)2#+0!\! S&22#0J! LDDH[P! ! *(4),+0+!N%(! $(7&! 0(! &Q9&),&1$&! 0%&! $4'04)&! (-! 0%&!

9&(9'&! ,1! 0%&! $%(+&1! 6&+0,1#0,(1! N#10! 0(! +#79'&! 0%&! 9&(9'&Y+! $4'04)#'! -((6J!

0)#6,0,(1+J!6#1$&+!#16!7#1:!7()&J!#''!N%,$%!$#1!(1':!/&!6(1&! 0%)(42%! ,10&)#$0,(1!

N,0%!0%&!9&(9'&!(-!0%#0!$4'04)&P!M%&1!0%&!9&(9'&!#)&!6,+9'#$&6!/:!N#)!#16!B,('&1$&J!

N%&0%&)! 9&)$&,B&6! ()! )&#'J! 0%&! 0(4),+0+! N,''! 1(0! /&! #/'&! 0(! %#B&! 0%&! $4'04)#'!

&Q9&),&1$&! 0%&:! N&)&! +&&O,12J! #+! 0%&! 9&(9'&! #)&! $'&#)':! #/+&10! -)(7! 0%&! +($,#'d

$4'04)#'!#00)#$0,(1+P!

S&/#1(1Y+!),+O!7#1#2&7&10!+:+0&7!+%(4'6!0%&)&-()&!1(0!(1':!&1+4)&!0%&!9)(0&$0,(1!

(-!0%&!0(4),+0!#00)#$0,(1+!,1!0%&!$(410):!-)(7!0%&!&--&$0+!(-!N#)J!0&))(),+0!#00#$O+!#16!

B,('&1$&J!/40!#'+(!9)(0&$0!0%&!S&/#1&+&!#1$,&10!$4'04)&!/:!&1+4),12!0%#0!0%&!9&(9'&!

#)&! 1(0! &Q0&1+,B&':! ,79#$0&6! /:! 0%&! N#:J! 1&,0%&)! #)&! 0%&:! 6,+9'#$&6! -)(7! 0%&,)!

%#/,0#0,(1+!0(!(0%&)!9'#$&+!#16!0%&)&/:!6,'40,12!0%&!$4'04)#'!),$%1&++!(-!0%&!#)&#P!_1!

0%&! $#+&! (-! 0&))(),+0! 0%)&#0+! #16! B,('&1$&J! 0%&! ),+O! 7#1#2&7&10! +:+0&7! +%(4'6!

,1B('B&!+4)B&,''#1$&!7&0%(6+!0%#0!N,''!O&&9!0%&!+&$4),0:!&1-()$&7&10!#2&1$,&+!,1!0%&!

$(410):! N#:! #%&#6! (-! #1:! 0&))(),+0! 9'#1+! Z;#1+-,&'6! \! b,V#7J! LDDH[P! _1! 0%&! $#+&!

N%&)&!0%&!N#)!()!0&))(),+0!#00#$O+!%#B&!1(0!/&&1!#B&)0&6J!0%&!7#1#2&7&10!+:+0&7!

+%(4'6!,1$'46&!&7&)2&1$:!)&+9(1+,B&!7&#+4)&+!0%#0!N,''!7,1,7,V&!0%&!,79#$0!(-!0%&!

#00#$O+! (1! 0%&! 9&(9'&! #16! 0%&! 0(4),+0! #00)#$0,(1+P! *%,+! $#1! /&! 6(1&! /:! $)&#0,12!

+9&$,#',V&6! )&+9(1+&! 41,0+! #16! T4,$O! )&/4,'6,12! #16! )&%#/,',0#0,(1! 9'#1+! 0(! &1+4)&!

0%#0! 0%&! '($#'!9&(9'&!#)&!1(0! -()$&6! 0(!7(B&!(40!(-! 0%&!#)&#! ,1! +4$%!#! +#-&)!9'#$&!

N%&)&!0%&!,1-)#+0)4$04)&!%#+!1(0!/&&1!6#7#2&6!ZM,'O+J!b&16&)2#+0!\!S&22#0J!LDDH[P!

R$('(2,$#'! 6#7#2&! (1! 0%&! 0(4),+0! #00)#$0,(1+! $#1! #'+(! /&! )&64$&6! /:! %#B,12!

+9&$,#',V&6!41,0+!,1!)&+0()#0,(1!()!)&-4)/,+%,12!0%&!#00)#$0,(1+!,1!#!N#:!,1!N%,$%!0%&:!

N,''!+4--&)!7,1,747!6#7#2&!,1!0%&!$#+&!(-!#1!#00#$OP!

.0%&)! -#$0()+! 0%#0! +%(4'6! -&#04)&! 9)(7,1&10':! ,1! 0%&! $)&#0,(1! (-! 0%&! ),+O!

7#1#2&7&10!9'#1! -()! 0%&! ,164+0):!+%(4'6!/&!(-!+4$%!)&'&B#1$&P!*%&!+0)#0&2,&+!#16!

7&#+4)&+! +%(4'6! /&! 6,)&$0':! )&'&B#10! 0(! 0%&! 9&)$&,B&6! ),+OJ! ,1! #66,0,(1! 0(! /&,12!

-&#+,/'&! N,0%! #! 9)#$0,$#'! 9'#1! (-! ,79'&7&10#0,(1! Z;#1+-,&'6! \! b,V#7J! LDDH[P! 5''!

&'&7&10+! +%(4'6! /&! $4))&10J! #$$&++,/'&! #16! (/0#,1#/'&! -()! ,79'&7&10#0,(1P! *%&!

Page 76: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

EF!!

+0)#0&2,&+!+%(4'6!#'+(!/&!/#+&6!(1!2((6!+$,&1$&!Z"4%#',+!\!c(+0#J!LDDH[P!*%,+!7&#1+!

0%#0! 0%&,)! &--,$#$:! +%(4'6! 416&)2(! &Q9&),7&10#'! +046,&+! ()! +%(4'6! %#B&! 9)&B,(4+':!

,79'&7&10&6!,1!(0%&)!6&+0,1#0,(1+!#16!9)(64$&6!0#12,/'&!)&+4'0+P!*%&!(/e&$0,B&+!(-!

0%&!+:+0&7!+%(4'6!/&!$(79)&%&1+,/'&!0(!0%&!4+&)+!#16!0%&)&-()&!#--&$0!0%&!6&$,+,(1+!

0%#0! 0%&:! 0#O&! -()! 0%&! /&1&-,0! (-! 0%&! ,164+0):! ZM,'O+J! b&16&)2#+0! \! S&22#0J! LDDH[P!

*%&+&!+0)#0&2,&+!+%(4'6!/&!7&#+4)#/'&!,1!1#04)&!#16!0%&)&!+%(4'6!,1B,+,/'&!$%#12&+!

#-0&)!0%&!+0)#0&2,&+!%#B&!/&&1!#99',&6!0(!#!+9&$,-,$!#)&#!(-!0%&!,164+0):!Z;#1+-,&'6!\!

b,V#7J!LDDH[P!

:; 9)-&62(1)-!

5'0%(42%!0%&!$(1-',$0+!#16!N#)!&16&6!#99)(Q,7#0&':!-(4)!:&#)+!#2(J!0%&!,7#2&!0%#0!

S&/#1(1!,+!#!%#V#)6!$(410):!+0,''!9&)+,+0+P!*(4),+0+!4+4#'':!0&16!0(!9(,10!(40!0%&!'#$O!

(-! +&$4),0:J! ,1+0#/,',0:! #16! ,79)&++,(1+! (-! 0&))(),+7!N%&1! 0#'O,12! #/(40! )&#+(1+! 0(!

1(0!B,+,0!0%&!$(410):P!!

*%&!,1+0#/,',0:!(-!S&/#1(1Y+!0(4),+7!,164+0):!,+!$%#)#$0&),V&6!/:!0%&!$(1+0#10!$:$'&+!

(-! 6&$',1&! #16! 0%&! +4/+&T4&10! 9&),(6+! (-! ,79)(B&7&10! #16! )&B,0#',V#0,(1! Z=#1+(J!

M#Q7#1! \! <,11(J! LDDF[P! *%,+! 41+0#/'&! +,04#0,(1! ,+! '#)2&':! #! )&+4'0! (-! 0&))(),+0!

#$0,B,0,&+J! 0%&! $,B,'! N#)! #16! 9(',0,$#'! ,1+0#/,',0:P! *%&+&! $),+&+! %#B&! $(10,14#'':!

6&+0#/,',V&6! 0%&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):!(-! S&/#1(1!N,0%! +%#)9! -'4$04#0,(1+P!*%&!%#16',12!

(-! 0%,+! B('#0,',0:!%#+!1(0!#'N#:+!/&&1! +4,0#/'&! -()!&#$%! +9&$,-,$! +,04#0,(1! Z=,+,)N#1,J!

LDDK[P! *%&)&! ,+! #! 1&&6! 0(! $(7&! 49! N,0%! $(79)&%&1+,B&! +0)#0&2,&+! 0(! +0#/,',V&!

S&/#1(1Y+!0(4),+7!,164+0):!,1!#!N#:!0%#0!N,''!&1+4)&!0%#0!,0!,+!1(0!#6B&)+&':!#--&$0&6!

/:! $),+&+P! ! ?()! #! '(12! 0,7&J! -,1#1$,#'! ,1B&+07&10! ,1! 0%&! ,164+0):! %#+! 1(0! /&&1!

#6&T4#0&!0(!6&B&'(9!#16!&Q9#16!0(4),+7J!#16!0%,+! ,+!/&$#4+&!(-!0%&!$(1+&T4&1$&+!

(-! )&$4))&10! $(1-',$0+P! _1! #66,0,(1J! &1(42%! %#+! 1(0! /&&1! 6(1&! 0(! $(410&)#$0! 0%&!

&--&$0+! (-! 1&2#0,B&! 94/',$,0:! 0%#0! S&/#1(1! #16! 0%&! '#)2&)! ;,66'&! R#+0! )&2,(1! %#+!

)&$&,B&6!Z=,+,)N#1,J!LDDK[P!!

c(1+&T4&10':J!0%&!$(410):!%#+!/&&1!9&)$&,B&6!#+!41+#-&!#16!41+4,0#/'&!-()!0(4),+0+!

0(! B,+,0! ,1! +9,0&! (-! %#B,12! 7#1:! #00)#$0,B&! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1+! #16! +,2%0+! N,0%!

+,21,-,$#10!%,+0(),$#'! B#'4&P! S4$O,':J! /(0%! 0%&! S&/#1&+&!2(B&)17&10!#16! 0%&!9),B#0&!

+&$0()! #)&! ,1$)&#+,12':! /&$(7,12! #N#)&! (-! 0%&! +,04#0,(1! #16! #)&! #6(90,12! 1&N!

7&#+4)&+!0(!%#16'&!0%&!$(1+&T4&1$&+!(-!$(1-',$0+!#16!$),+&+!0%#0!,79#$0!0%&!0(4),+7!

Page 77: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

EL!!

,164+0):P!`&$&10!#00&790+!%#B&!9)(B&1!0(!/&!+4$$&++-4'!,1!#'0&),12!0%&!2'(/#'!,7#2&!

(-! S&/#1(1! #+! #! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1! #16! 0%&)&/:! #00)#$0,12! 7()&! 0(4),+0+! 0(! 0%&!

$(410):P!!

*(! 7#O&! $&)0#,1! 0%#0! S&/#1(1Y+! 0(4),+7! +&$0()! $(10,14&+! 0(! 2)(N! #16! &Q9#16J!

)&2#,1,12! ,0+! '(+0! 2'():! #+! #! 9(94'#)! 6&+0,1#0,(1! -()! 2'(/#'! 0(4),+0+J! 0%&! #40%(),0,&+!

#16! O&:! 9'#:&)+! #)&! 0#+O&6! N,0%! 0%&! )&+9(1+,/,',0:! (-! &1+4),12! 0%#0! 0%&)&! ,+!

$((9&)#0,(1! /&0N&&1! 0%&! 2(B&)17&10! #16! 0%&! 9),B#0&! +&$0()! ,1! -()74'#0,12!

+0)#0&2,&+! #,7&6! #0! &1$(4)#2,12! 9(0&10,#'! 0(4),+0+! 0(! B,+,0! S&/#1(1! ZS#6O,! \! 3#%!

FXXE[P! *%&! ,79)(B&7&10! (-! 0%&! $),+,+! 7#1#2&7&10! +0)#0&2,&+! #16! 9)(2)#7+! #16!

7#)O&0,12!#99)(#$%&+!#)&!4+&-4'!N#:+!(-!/((+0,12!0(4),+0!#)),B#'+!,1!0%&!$(410):P!!

`&2#)6,12!0%&!$),+,+!7#1#2&7&10!+0)#0&2,&+J!0%&:!+%(4'6!/&!940!,10(!&--&$0!#+!'(12d

0&)7! 9)($&++&+! (-! /((+0,12! #16! +4/+&T4&10':! +4+0#,1,12! +0#/,',0:! (-! 0%&! ,164+0):!

,1+0&#6! (-! 4+,12! 0%&7! #+! +%()0d0&)7! 7&#+4)&+! 0%#0! #)&! (1':! ,79'&7&10&6! ,1! 0%&!

#-0&)7#0%!(-!#!$),+,+!#16!#-0&)!0%&!,164+0):!%#+!/&&1!#6B&)+&':!#--&$0&6!ZS#6O,!\!3#%!

FXXE[P! 5''! 9'#:&)+! +%(4'6! $(''#/()#0&! ,1! 0%&+&! +0)#0&2,$! 9'#1+! 0(! &1+4)&! 0%#0! 0%&!

&--()0+! 1(0! (1':! ,1$)&#+&! 0%&! 147/&)+! (-! 0(4),+0+! B,+,0,12! S&/#1(1J! /40! 0%#0! 0%&!

2)(N0%!,+!+4+0#,1#/'&!&B&1!,1!0%&!-#$&!(-!%(+0,',0,&+!()!9(',0,$#'!41)&+0P!!

*%&!&--()0+!0%#0!%#B&!#')&#6:!/&&1! ,79'&7&10&6!#)&!+0)&120%&1,12!0%&!1(0,(1!0%#0!

S&/#1(1! ,+! #! +4,0#/'&! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1! #16! %#+! #! '(0! 0(! (--&)! 0%&! B,+,0()+! N%(!

$%((+&! 0(! B,+,0! 0%&! $(410):P! *%&! 0(4),+7!7,1,+0):!1&&6+! 0(! &1%#1$&! 0%&!7#)O&0,12!

+0)#0&2,&+!#16!$#79#,21+!/&$#4+&J!0%&!7()&!&Q0&1+,B&!0%&:!#)&J!0%&!7()&!9(0&10,#'!

B,+,0()+! #)&! 2(,12! 0(! /&! )&#$%&6J! #16! +4/+&T4&10':J!7()&! 0(4),+0+! #)&! 2(,12! 0(! /&!

#)),B,12!,1!0%&!$(410):P!!

5! -#$0()! 0%#0! %#+! /&&1! &Q0&1+,B&':! 6,+$4++&6! ,1! 0%,+! 9#9&)! ,+! 0%&! )('&! 9)(7(0,(1#'!

$#79#,21+J!#6B&)0,+&7&10+!#16!2)(416!/)&#O,12!7#)O&0,12!+0)#0&2,&+!0%#0!N,''!%&'9!

940! S&/#1(1Y+! 0(4),+0! ,164+0):! /#$O!(1! 0%&! 2'(/#'!7#9! -()! 0(9! 0(4),+0! 6&+0,1#0,(1+!

Z;4)9%:! \! b),0$%#)6J! FXXE[P! b)(7(0,(1#'! +0)#0&2,&+! #16! #6B&)0,+&7&10! 0%#0! %#+!

/&&1!6,+$4++&6!#+!#!9(++,/'&!+('40,(1!0(!7#)O&0!0%&!$(410):!$(4'6!/&!/#+&6!(1!0%&!

4+&! (-! 7#++! $(7741,$#0,(1! 7&6,#J! &+9&$,#'':! 0%&! _10&)1&0! ZM,'O+J! b&16&)2#+0! \!

S&22#0J!LDDH[P!*%&!_10&)1&0!$(7741,0:!,+!1(N!$(1+,6&)&6!#+!0%&!/,22&+0!7#)O&0!(1!

0%&!2'(/&!#16!0%&!0(4),+0!,164+0),&+!(-!6,--&)&10!6&+0,1#0,(1!#)&!4+,12!0%,+!7&6,47!0(!

9)(7(0&!0%&,)!$(410),&+!0(!9(0&10,#'!B,+,0()+P!S&/#1(1!,+!0%&)&-()&!/(416!0(!/&1&-,0!

Page 78: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

EK!!

-)(7!4+,12!0%,+!7&6,47!0(!9)(7(0&!,0+!0(4),+7!(1!0%&!2'(/#'!9'#0-()7P!_1!#66,0,(1!0(!

0%,+J! #6B&)0,+&7&10! $#79#,21+! $#1! /&! &--&$0,B&':! 9'#$&6! N,0%! ,10&)1#0,(1#'! 7&6,#!

+4$%! #+! cCCJ! <=]! 1&N+! #16! (0%&)+! 0(! $)&#0&! #N#)&1&++! (-! 0%&! $(410):! #+! #! %(0!

0(4),+0!6&+0,1#0,(1!Z=#16(J!<,11(!\!C&'+(1J!FXXE[P!

51(0%&)! #99)(#$%! 0%#0!N#+! 9)(9(+&6! ,1! 0%,+! 9#9&)! ,+! $)&#0,12! #! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0:!

#16! +4/+&T4&10':! 9)(7(0,12! 0%,+! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0:! 4+,12! 7#++! 7&6,#! #16! 0%&!

_10&)1&0! Z=#16(J! <,11(! \! C&'+(1J! FXXE[P! 5! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0:! N,''! %&'9! 6,+0,124,+%!

S&/#1(1Y+! 0(4),+7! #16! ,0+! #00)#$0,(1+! -)(7! (0%&)+! 6&+0,1#0,(1+! (B&)! (0%&)+! ,1! 0%&!

N()'6! ZRO,1$,J! LDDH[P! 5! +0)(12! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0:! -()! S&/#1(1Y+! ,164+0):! N,''! #'+(!

$)&#0&!/)#16!'(:#'0:!/:!0%&!0(4),+0+!N%(!B,+,0!0%&!$(410):J!#+!0%&:!$)&#0&!#!$%#,1!(-!

9)(7(0&)+!#+!0%&:!+9)&#6!0%&!2((6!N()6!#/(40!0%&!#00)#$0,(1+!(-!S&/#1(1!0(!(0%&)!

9)(+9&$0,B&!0)#B&'&)+!Z;,66'&0(1J!LDDF[P!*(!$)&#0&J!)&,1-()$&!#16!&1%#1$&!0%&!/)#16!

9&)+(1#',0:!(-!S&/#1(1Y+! 0(4),+7J! 0%&!2(B&)17&10!#16!0%&! ,164+0):!+%(4'6! ,6&10,-:!

0%&! 41,T4&! &'&7&10+! +4$%! #+! #1$,&10! $4'04)&J! $4,+,1&! #16! +4$%! #16! +4/+&T4&10':!

&Q$&&6!0%&!&Q9&$0#0,(1+!(-!0%&!0)#B&'&)+!(1$&!0%&:!B,+,0!0%&!$(410):P!

5!4+&-4'!+0)#0&2:!0%#0!%#+!/&&1!6,+$4++&6!,1!$)&#0,12!#!+0)(12!/)#16!9&)+(1#',0:!-()!

0%&! ,164+0):! ,+! 0%&! 9)(7(0,(1! (-! 9&#$&! #16! +0#/,',0:! #16! &12#2,12! 6,9'(7#0,$!

6,#'(24&!,1!0%&!)&+('40,(1!(-!$(1-',$0P!*%,+!N,''!%&'9!)&+0()&!0%&!,7#2&!(-!0%&!$(410):!

#+!0%&!U<N,0V&)'#16!(-!0%&!;,66'&!R#+0U!64&!0(!)&+0()&6!9&#$&!#16!+0#/,',0:P!

;#1:! B,+,0()+! -)(7!#)(416! 0%&! 2'(/&!N,+%! 0(! $(7&! 0(! S&/#1(1!/40! #)&! 9)&B&10&6!

-)(7! 6(,12! +(! 64&! 0(! 0%&! $(1+0#10! &)490,(1+! (-! B,('&1$&J! 9(',0,$#'! +0),O&! #16!

,1+0#/,',0:P!*%&!9(94'#),0:!(-!S&/#1(1!,+!6&7(1+0)#0&6!/:!0%&!-#$0!0%#0!,1!0%&!&B&10!

N%&1! 0%&)&! ,+! )&'#0,B&!9&#$&!#16! +0#/,',0:! ,1! 0%&! $(410):J! &B&1!#-0&)!7#e()! $(1-',$0!

#16!N#)-#)&!+4$%!#+!0%#0!(-!LDDHJ!0%&!B,+,0()+!-'($O!0(!0%&!$(410):!,1!2)&#0!147/&)+!

ZS&/#1&+&! ;,1,+0):! (-! *(4),+7J! LDDX[P! c(1+0#10! 9(',0,$#'! 49%&#B#'+! #)&! #'N#:+!

6,+)490,12! 0%&! )&$(B&):! 0)&16+! #16! )&+,',&1$&! 0%#0! 0%&! +&$0()! 6&7(1+0)#0&J+! #16!

0%&)&-()&! 1&N! #16! +4+0#,1#/'&! +0)#0&2,&+! +%(4'6! /&! 4+&6! 0(! )&+('B&! 0%,+! )&$4)),12!

9)(/'&7!(1$&!#16!-()!#''P!

!

*%&! 9#9&)! $#1! 1(N! +0#0&! 0%#0! 0%&! ,79#$0+! (-! 0&))(),+7! #16! N#)+! (1! 0(4),+7! ,1!

S&/#1(1!N&)&!0%&!6(N1-#''!,1!0%&!&$(1(7:J!0%&!6)(96(N1!(-!147/&)!(-!B,+,0()+J!0%&!

Page 79: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

Ea!!

0(4),+7! 94+%/#$O! #16! -,1#'':! 0%&! 1&2#0,B&! 7&6,#! -($4+,12! (1! B,('&10! &B&10+P! *%&!

$(7/,1#0,(1!(-!0%&+&!-#$0()+!7#)O&6!0%&!0)#e&$0():!(-!S&/#1(1!N,0%!49Y+!#16!6(N1Y+!

0(N#)6+!0%&!N()'6P!

b(++,/'&!+('40,(1+!N&)&!9)(9(+&6!,1!()6&)!0(!)&B,0#',V&!0%&!$(410):Y+!,7#2&!0(N#)6+!

0%&! 0(4),+0+J! +4$%!#+! 0%&! ,79'&7&10#0,(1!(-! /)#16!9&)+(1#',0:J! 0(4),+7!9)(7(0,(1J!

7#++!7&6,#J!#6B&)0,+,12!#16!&Q&$40,(1!(-!#!),+O!7#1#2&7&10!9'#1P!8(N&B&)J!(1!0%&!

(0%&)!%#16J!S&/#1(1!%#+!0(!6&#'!N,0%!0%&!-#$0!0%#0!-()&,21&)+!9&)$&,B&!0%&!%#V#)6(4+!

,7#2&!0%#0!8&V/(''#%!,+! ,1+,6&!0%&!$(410):J!#+!#!$(1+0#10!0%)&#0!0(!0%&!6&+0,1#0,(1+!

+0#/,',0:P!

5+! 0%&!S&/#1&+&! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):! $(10,14&+! 0(!&B('B&J! 0%&)&! ,+! +0,''! )((7! -()!7()&!

,79)(B&7&10! ,1! $),+,+! 7#1#2&7&10! #16! 0%&! 0(0#'! #B(,6#1$&! (-! 9(',0,$#'! ,1+0#/,',0:!

#16!0&))(),+0!#$0+! 0%#0!#)&!#! 0%)&#0! 0(!0%&! ,164+0):J!1(0!(1':! ,1!S&/#1(1J!/40! ,1! 0%&!

2'(/#'!0(4),+0! ,164+0):P! _-! 0%&!2(B&)17&10!$(10,14&+!0(!$(''#/()#0&!N,0%!0%&!9),B#0&!

+&$0()! #16! +&&! 0%&! ,164+0):! #+! +,21,-,$#10! 0(! 0%&! $(410):Y+! &$(1(7:! #16! #'+(! #+! #!

+(4)$&!(-!1#0,(1#'!9),6&J!0%&1!0%&!,164+0):!N,''!&Q9#16!#16!-'(4),+%!Zb)4+%&)J!LDDD[P!

Page 80: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

EG!!

:? N1461)=,%$8>!

5#O&)J! IP! ZFXXE[P! 3,7&1+,(1+! (-! /)#16! 9&)+(1#',0:P! I(4)1#'! (-!;#)O&0,12! `&+&#)$%P!A('P! KaJ! _++P! KJ! KaEP! %009^ii-#$4'0:P/4+P('&7,++P&64i$1(/'&iHGD)&#6,12+i5#O&)mLD!")#16mLD9&)+(1#',0:P96-!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!LDiDLiFDP!

5/#6,&!5P!\!>#)6&#V#/#'J!IP!ZLDDK[P!*%&!R$(1(7,$!c(+0+!(-!c(1-',$0^!5!c#+&!<046:!(-!0%&! "#+T4&! c(410):P! %009^iiNNNP%O+P%#)B#)6P&64i-+i##/#6,&i&$$9P96-! d! )&0),&B&6!(1!LLiDaiFDP!

5?b! ZLDDX[P! S&/#1(1! #,7+! 0(! /),12! ,1! L! 7,'',(1! 0(4),+0+! ,1! LDDXP!%009^iiNNNP9)(e&$07&1#P$(7i#)0,$'&P#+9Qv,6wKGKF!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FEiDKiFDP!

5?b!ZLDDX[P!S&/#1(1!0(!$#9,0#',V&!(1!)&',2,(4+!0(4),+7P!%009^iiNNNP&04)/(1&N+P$(7!iFFEDLi'&/#1(1d$#9,0#',V&d)&',2,(4+d0(4),+7!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FaiDLiFDP!

5'&+,1#J! 5P! \! b&)(00,J! `P! ZFXXH[P! _1$(7&! 6,+0),/40,(1J! 9(',0,$#'! ,1+0#/,',0:J! #16!,1B&+07&10P!R4)(9&#1!R$(1(7,$!`&B,&NJ!R'+&B,&)J!A('P!aDJ!_++PHJ!FLDKdFLLhP!

5;R,1-(!ZLDDX[P!;,66'&!R#+0!0(4),+7!)&7#,1+!/),2%0!+9(0!,1!6(N104)1P!%009^iiNNN!P#7&,1-(P$(7i96-6($+iLFhGXEP96-!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FaiDKiFDP!

5;R,1-(! ZLDDX[P!*(4),+7! 0%),B&+!#2#,1! ,1! S&/#1(1J!/40! -()!%(N! '(12vP!;,66'&!R#+0!C&N+P!%009^iiNNNP#7&,1-(P$(7i96-6($+iFXhKhHP96-!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!DaiDKiFDP!

5;R,1-(! ZLDFD[P!;,66'&!R#+0!%(0&',&)+!9)(B&! 0(!/&! 0%&! +0)(12&+0P!%009^iiNNNP#7&!,1-(P$(7i96-6($+iLLGaDXP96-!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!DEiDKiLDFDP!

5V,VJ!8P!ZFXXG[P!j16&)+0#16,12!0&))(),+0+!#00#$O+!(1!0(4),+0+! ,1!R2:90P!*(4),+7!;#1d#2&7&10J!A('P!FHJ!XFdXGP!

"#'(2'4J!<PJ!\!;$c'&#):J!=P!MP!ZFXXX[P!5!7(6&'!(-!6&+0,1#0,(1!,7#2&!-()7#0,(1P!51d1#'+!(-!*(4),+7!`&+&#)$%J!A('P!KGJ!_++PaJ!hHhdhXEP!

"#)0%J!IPJ!S,!*PJ!;$c#)0%:!3PJ!b%47,N#+#1#J!*PJ!]#2(J!>P!ZLDDH[P!R$(1(7,$!_79#$0+!(-!>'(/#'! *&))(),+7^! ?)(7! ;41,$%! 0(! "#',P! %009^iiNNNP7,'O&1,1+0,040&P()2i96-i&$(1!k,79#$0k0&))(),+7P96-!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!DaiDGiFDP!

"&$O&)J!>!#16!;4)9%:!=P! ZLDDF[P!b)(+9&),0:!M,''!`,+&!.40!(-!0%&!5+%&+P!M#''!<0)&&0!I(4)1#'J!A('P!.$0PLXJ!LDDFP!

",Vc(771,0:! ZLDDE[P! C&N! 7(B&! 0(! +&''! R#+0! 5-),$#! #+! +,12'&! 0(4),+7! 41,0P!%009^iiNNNP/,V$(7741,0:P$(PO&i5)0,$'&iaFaihLiLDFXGP%07'! d! )&0),&B&6! (1!FDiDLiFDP!

"'#O&!5PJ!#16!;P!<,1$'#,)!*PJ!ZLDDL[P!*(4),+7!c),+,+!;#1#2&7&10^!#6e4+0,12!0(!#!0&7d9()#):! 6(N104)1P! %009+^iiNNNP20#9P#2&$(1P94)64&P&64i)&+(4)$&+i6(N1'(#6i!FaEDP96-!!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FaiDKiFDP!

"'(7/&)2J!<P!"PJP!8&++J!8P>P!#16!.)9%#1,6&+J!5P!ZLDDa[P!*%&!;#$)(&$(1(7,$P!c(1+&dT4&1$&+!(-!*&))(),+7J!I(4)1#'!(-!;(1&0#):!R$(1(7,$+J!A('P!GFJ!_++P!GJ!FDDEdFDKLP!

Page 81: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

EH!!

"(1,-#$&J!"P>P!\!c((9&)!cPbP!ZLDDG[P!M()'6N,6&!3&+0,1#0,(1+!c#+&/((O!^!*%&!>&(2d)#9%:!(-!*)#B&'!#16!*(4),+7P!5!"400&)N()0%d8&,1&7#11!*,0'&P!!

"4%#',+J!3P!\!c(+0#J!cP!ZLDDH[P!*(4),+7!;#1#2&7&10!6:1#7,$+^!*)&16+J!7#1#2&7&10!#16!0(('+P!5!"400&)N()0%d8&,1&7#11!*,0'&P!

"416%41J!`P! ZLDDX[P!`&2,(1Y+! 0(4),+7!0,99&6! 0(!7()&! 0%#1!6(4/'&!/:!LDLDP!%009^ii!NNNP0%&1#0,(1#'P#&i#99+i9/$+P6''i#)0,$'&v5_3wiLDDXDXKDi"j<_CR<<iEDXKDXXFK\<&#)$%_3wEKKhKaGXDaGGXE!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!DHiDFiLDFDP!

"4+,1&++!;,66'&!R#+0! ZLDDE[P!3#0#/#+&^!*(4),+7P!"4+,1&++!;,66'&!R#+0J!A('P!FGJ! _++P!FFJ!FLP!

"4+,1&++!;,66'&!R#+0!ZLDDG[P!S,-&!#-0&)!8#),),P!"4+,1&++!;,66'&!R#+0J!A('P!FKJ!_++P!FFJ!EP!

c,0),1(0J!SP!ZLDDL[P!S&/#1(1P!c(410):!`&9()0+P!%009^iiNNNP%,2%/&#7P$(7i6($iF>FdXDGHXHLHP%07'!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FDiDLiFDP!

3)#O(+J!=P!#16!=40#1J!5P!S!ZLDDK[P!`&2,(1#'!R--&$0+!(-!*&))(),+7!(1!*(4),+7!,1!*%)&&!;&6,0&))#1&#1!c(410),&+P!I(4)1#'!(-!c(1-',$0!`&+('40,(1J!A('P!aEJ!HLFdHaFP!

R$%01&)J!cP!\!`,0$%,&!IP!ZLDDK[P!*%&!7&#1,12!#16!7&#+4)&7&10!(-!6&+0,1#0,(1!,7#2&P!%009^ii$,0&+&&)QP,+0P9+4P&64iB,&N6($i6(N1'(#6v6(,wFDPFPFPhXPKLEH\)&9w)&9F\0:9&w96-!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FDiDKiFDP!

R$(1(7:!M#0$%! ZLDDX[P! S&/#1(1! R$(1(7,$! <0#0,+0,$+! #16! _16,$#0()+P! %009^iiNNNP!&$(1(7:N#0$%P$(7i&$(1(7,$d+0#0,+0,$+i$(410):iS&/#1(1i!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!DaiFFiDXP!

R7/#++:!(-!S&/#1(1!ZLDDX[P!b)(-,'&!(-!S&/#1(1P!%009^iiNNNP'&/#1(1&7/#++:4+P()2!i$(410):k'&/#1(1i&$(1(7:P%07'!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!KDiDKiFDP!

&*4)/(! C&N+! ZLDDE[P! R2:90! 0(4),+7! 9'&62&+! +499()0! -()! 9(+0dN#)! S&/#1(1P!%009^iiNNNP0%#,9)P1&0i1$i)&#61&N+P#+9Qv1&N+,6wRDLFDF?a33EKc5EcX5L?DRHK"FhRaaHR!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!LDiDKiFDP!

?#++,%,J! ?P! ZLDDh[P! M#,0,12! -()! #1! .)6,1#):! 3#:^! *%&! j1)#B&',12! (-! S,-&! ,1! _)#TP!b4/',$5--#,)+P!?,)+0!R6,0,(1P!

>%#66#)J! 8P! ZLDDE[P! "&,)40! *#Q,^! /&%,16! 0%#0! -#$&! ,1! 0%&! )&#)B,&N! 7,))()P!%009^iiNNNP1(N'&/#1(1P$(7iC&N+5)$%,B&3&0#,'+P#+9Qv_3wLEFa! d! )&0),&B&6! (1!LDiDLiFDP!

>%#66#)J! 8P! ZLDDE[P! M,''! 0(! )&+,+0^! S&/#1(1Y+! '&,+4)&! +&$0()! +&#)$%&+! -()! #! +,'B&)!',1,12P! %009^iiNNNP1(N'&/#1(1P$(7iC&N+5)$%,B&3&0#,'+P#+9Qv_3wKXFL! d! )&0),&B&6!(1!LDiDLiFDP!

>%#V,J!5P!ZFXXE[P!S&/#1(1q+!8,+0():P!%009^iiNNNP2%#V,P6&i$,BN#)P%07'!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!DhiDKiFDP!

>%#V,J! 5P! ZFXXE[P! ! S&/#1(1q+! R$(1(7:P! %009^iiNNNP2%#V,P6&i&$(1%,+0P%07'! d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FDiDaiFDP!

Page 82: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

EE!!

>'#&++&)J! 3P! ZLDDH[P! c),+,+! ;#1#2&7&10! ,1! 0%&! *(4),+7! _164+0):P! "400&)N()0%d8&,1&7#11P!!

>('6&1J! SP! ZLDDE[P! j<5_3! i! _R<c! 9)&+&10+! q"4,'6,12! S&/#1(1q+! *(4),+7! "4+,1&++&+!0%)(42%!.1',1&!c%#11&'+qP!%009^iiNNNP#7&,1-(P$(7i96-6($+iFKGLEDP96-!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FaiDLiFDP!

8#''J!3P`P! ZLDDL[!*(4),+7!\!R$(1(7,$!3&B&'(97&10! ,1!R#+0&)1!R4)(9&!\!0%&!<(B,&0!j1,(1P!"&'%#B&1!b)&++J!S(16(1J!KdLhP!

8&11($OJ!;P! ZLDDG[P! S&/#1(1q+! &$(1(7,$! $%#79,(1P! %009^ii1&N+P//$P$(P4Oi2(i9)i!-)idiLi%,i/4+,1&++iaLHGGHGP+07!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FaiDKiFDP!

8&:&)J!8P!ZLDDX[P!5++#++,1+!(-!S&/#1(1Y+!0(4),+7!#)$%,0&$0!#16!-()7&)!b;!)&'&#+&6P!%009^iiNNNP&04)/(1&N+P$(7ihDaDi#++#++,1+d'&/#1(1d+d0(4),+7d#)$%,0&$0d#16d-()7!&)d97d!)&'&#+&6!d!!)&0),&B&6!(1!FaiDLiFDP!

8:7#1J! *P! ZLDDX[P! *(N#)6+! #! '&++! c',7#0&! 3&9&16&10! 0(4),+7! ,164+0):dd! 0%&!-&#+,/,',0:! (-! _16(()! *(4),+7! #+! #! $(9,12! 7&$%#1,+7! -()! c',7#0&! c%#12&P!%009^iiNNNP+4+0#,1#/,',0:POP4d0(O:(P#$Pe9i+&7,1#)i6($47&10+i! *%&?&#+,/,',0:(-_16(!()*(4),+7d*)#$:d5118:7#1P96-!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FDiDaiFDP!

_35S! ZLDDa[P! *%&! *(4),+7! <&$0()! ,1! S&/#1(1P! _1B&+0()! 1&N+',1&P! %009^iiNNN!P,6#'P$(7P'/i49'(#6&6-,'&+i_1B&+0()mLDC&N+',1&mLD<9),12mLDLDDaP96-! d! )&0),&B&6!(1!DLiDFiFDP!

_1/#)J! RP! ZLDDE[P! 8(N! _+)#&'! "412'&6! 0%&! <&$(16! S&/#1(1! M#)P! %009^iiNNNP!7&-()47P()2iFHhHi%(Nd,+)#&'d/412'&6d0%&d+&$(16d'&/#1(1dN#)! d! )&0),&B&6! (1!FDiDGiFDP!

_12)#7J! ?P! ZLDDH[P!;,66'&! R#+0! 5,)',1&+x5,)! S,/#1! <P5PSP! %009^iiNNNP&1$:$'(9&6,#P!$(7i6($iF>LdKahKEDDDHLP%07'!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!DXiDaiFDP!

=#7#',9(4)J!]P! ZFXXG[P!*%&!jP<P!;&6,#!#16!0%&!;,66'&!R#+0^! _7#2&!#16!b&)$&90,(1P!>)&&1N((6!b4/',+%,12!>)(49P!

=#1+(J!5PJ!<,11(J!5P!=PJ!\!C&'+(1J!`P!5P! ZFXXE[P!S&/#1(1J!0(4),+7!6&B&'(97&10J!#16!0%&! _10&)1&0^! 5! 9'#1! (-! #$0,(1! -()! )&/4,'6,12! -)(7!N#)P! _1! 5P! ?P! 5'O%#-#e,! #16! rP! R'd<#6&O! ZR6+P[J! _10&)1#0,(1#'! /4+,1&++! +0)#0&2,&+^! R$(1(7,$! 6&B&'(97&10! ,++4&+J! XHdFDHP!

=#1+(J! 5P! ZLDDG[P! `&,1B,2()#0,12! 0%&! U<N,0V&)'#16! (-! 0%&! ;,66'&! R#+0W^! 8(N! 0%&!S&/#1&+&! >(B&)17&10! c#1! j+&! b4/',$! `&'#0,(1+! 0(! `&9(+,0,(1! 0%&! c(410):! #+! #!b)&7,&)!*(4),+7!3&+0,1#0,(1P!!I(4)1#'!(-!8(+9,0#',0:!\!S&,+4)&!;#)O&0,12J!A('P!FLJ!_++P!FiLJ!FaaP!

=#10#1&1! *P! ZLDDG[P! 56B&)0,+,12! ,1! '(N! #16! %,2%! ,1B('B&7&10! $4'04)#'! 0(4),+7!#00)#$0,(1+^!?(4)!$#+&+P!*(4),+7!#16!8(+9,0#',0:!`&+&#)$%J!A('P!HJ!_++P!LP!!

=&''&)J!=P!ZFXXK[P!c(1$&904#',V,12J!;&#+4),12J!#16!;#1#2,12!c4+0(7&)d"#+&6!")#16!RT4,0:P!I(4)1#'!(-!;#)O&0,12P!A('P!GEJ!_++P!I#14#):J!FdLLP!

Page 83: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

Eh!!

=&''&)!=P!ZLDDK[P!<0)#0&2,$!")#16!;#1#2&7&10P!j99&)!<#66'&!`,B&)J!CI^!b)&10,$&d8#''P!<&$(16!R6,0,(1P!

=,-1&)J! IP! ZLDDa[P! <,1$&! XiFFJ! `,$%! 5)#/+! 52#,1! ?)(',$! ,1! S&/#1(1P! %009^iiNNNP1:!0,7&+P$(7iLDDaiDXiDXi,10&)1#0,(1#'i7,66'&&#+0iDX'&/#1(1P%07'! d! )&0),&B&6! (1!DFiDKiLDFDP!

=)#:&7J!8PZLDDK[P!*%&!S&/#1&+&!c,B,'!M#)!#16!0%&!*#,-!52)&&7&10P!%009^ii66$P#4/P!&64P'/i9)(e&$0+i9+9#i$(1-',$0d)&+('40,(1P%07'!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!DXiDKiFDP!!

=),72('6J! ?P! ZLDDH[P! `,+O! `&64$0,(1! _16,$#0()+P! %009^iiNNNP9)(B&10,(1$(1+()0,47P!()2i0%&7&+i6&-#4'0i96-+i*`_5;<k,1-)#+0)4$04)&P96-!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FaiDaiFDP!

S#6O,J! <P! \! <#6,OJ! ;P! ZLDDa[P! ?#$0()+! 5--&$0,12! 0%&! 56B#1$&7&10! (-! 0%&! S&/#1&+&!*(4),+7!_164+0):P!%009^ii!N&/!P&/+$(%(+0P$(7P&V9)(Q:P'#4P&64P'/^LDahi&%(+0i96-vB,!6wh\%,6wE\+,6wLXF/K/XDd#D/LdaFHHdhaaHdEX#6&HL##/hHmaD+&++,(172)FK! f! )&0)!,&B&6!(1!DLiDLiFDP!

S#6O,J! <P! \! <#6,OJ! ;P! ZFXXE[P! c%#''&12&+! ?#$,12! b(+0dM#)! *(4),+7! 3&B&'(97&10P!I(4)1#'!(-!8(+9,0#',0:J!S&,+4)&!\!*(4),+7!;#1#2&7&10J!A('PFJ!_++PLJ!KGdaKP!

S#N+!RP!\!b),6&#4QJ!=P<P!ZLDDE[P!c),+,+!;#1#2&7&10!,1!*(4),+7P!c5"_P!?,)+0!&6,0,(1P!

S#N+(1J! ?PJ! \! "#16d"(B:J! ;P! ZFXEE[P! *(4),+7! #16! )&$)&#0,(1#'! 6&B&'(97&10P!S(16(1^!5)$%,0&$04)#'!b)&++P!

S&#)1! a! >((6! ZLDFD[P! S&/#1(1! A,+#! `&T4,)&7&10+P! %009^iiNNNP'&#)1a2((6P$(7i!0)#B&'i'&/#1(1kB,+#P%07!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!DaiDaiFDP!

S&/#1&+&! >'(/#'! _1-()7#0,(1! c&10&)! ZLDDG[P! 8,+0():! (-! S&/#1(1P! %009^iiNNNP!'2,$P()2i&1i%,+0():k'&/#1(1FXaKP9%9!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!DFiDKiFDP!

S&/#1&+&!;,1,+0):! (-! *(4),+7! ZLDDX[P! S&/#1(1! O&&9+! (1! 9)(+9&),12P! %009^iiNNNP!'&/#1(1d0(4),+7P2(BP'/iM&'$(7&k;&++#2&P#+9Q!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!DLiDLiFDP!

S&/#1&+&! ;,1,+0):! (-! *(4),+7! ZLDFD[P! S&/#1(1! O&&9+! (1! 9)(+9&),12P!%009^iiNNNP'&/#1(1d0(4),+7P2(BP'/i;,1,+0):i<0#0,+0,$+P#+9Q!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!DLiDLiFDP!

S&/#1(1!*(4),+7!ZLDDG[P!%009^iiNNNP'&/#1(10(4),+7P,1-(i!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FaiDKiFDP!

S&/#1(1! ZLDDh[P! S&/#1(1P! %009^iiNNNP#)0,$'&FXP()2i+9&#O,12d(40i'&/#1(1! d!)&0),&B&6!(1!DGiDGiFDP!

S&B:J!<,61&:!IP!ZFXGX[P!<:7/('+!-()!<#'&P!8#)B#)6!"4+,1&++!`&B,&NP!A('P!KEJ!FFEfFFXP!!

S,2#:#J! 5P! ZLDDX[P! `&2,(1! ,+! 640:! -)&&! /),2%0! +9(0P! %009^iiNNNP0%&1#0,(1#'P#&i#9!9+i9/$+P6''i#)0,$'&v5_3wiLDDXDhLEi"j<_CR<<iEDhLEXXKa\<&#)$%_3wEKKhKaHDKFFEXD!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!DFiDKiFDP!

S4$#J! 5P! ZLDFD[P! ;&6,$#'! 0(4),+7! ,1! S&/#1(1P! %009^iiNNNP1(N'&/#1(1P$(7i!C&N+5)$%,B&3&0#,'+P#+9Qv_3wFGLaGL!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!LDiDGiFDP!

Page 84: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

EX!!

;#6,J! ;P! ZFXhF[P! R--&$0+! (-! 0%&! S&/#1&+&! N#)! (1! 0%&! 0(4),+7! +&$0()J! #16! -404)&!9&)+9&$0,B&^!R$(1(7,$!#16!+($,#'!)&+&#)$%P!"&,)40J!S&/#1(1^!51dC#%#)P!

;#1+-,&'6J! ]P! \! b,V#7J! 5P! ZLDDH[P! *(4),+7J! +&$4),0:! #16! +#-&0:^! -)(7! 0%&():! 0(!9)#$0,$&P!.Q-()6^!R'+&B,&)P!

;#)0,1! ?)(+0! ZLDDH[P! S&/#1(1P! %009^iiNNNP7#)0,1-)(+0PN+i%07'-,'&+ie4':LDDHi'&/#!1(1FP%07'!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FKiDKiFDP!

;&1V,&+J! _P! ZLDDL[P! 3&',B&),12! t4#',0:! R$(dRQ9&),&1$&+P! %009^iiNNNP&$($'4/P$(7i!',/)#):i&9#9&)+iFP96-!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!LDiDaiFDP!

;,66'&!R#+0!ZLDDD[P!S&/#1(1!",6&+!_0+q!*,7&P!A('P!3&$iLDDDJ!_++P!KDEJ!FXP!

;,66'&!R#+0! ZLDDG[P!8(0&'+^!"'#+0! <&0/#$O! ?()!`&d&7&)2,12!*(4),+7J!A('P! KXJ! _++P! aJ!FLP!

;,66'&! R#+0! ZLDDX[P! 57&),$#1+! 6,+$(B&)! 0%&! 6&',2%0+! (-! S&/#1(1P!;,66'&! R#+0J! _++P!aDDJ!HhdEDP!

;,66'&! R#+0! ZLDFD[P! "&,)40P! %009^iiNNNP7,66'&&#+0P$(7i/&,)40P%07! f! )&0),&B&6! (1!KFiDKiFDP!

;,66'&! R#+0! ;(1,0()! ZLDDH[P! S&/#1(1^! `,+O! <477#):P! ;,66'&! R#+0! ;(1,0()^! R#+0!;&6J!A('P!FHJ!_++P!FFJ!EP!

;,66'&0(1J!AP!\!8#NO,1+!`P!ZFXXh[P!<4+0#,1#/'&!*(4),+7^!5!;#)O&0,12!b&)+9&$0,B&P!5!"400&)N()0%d8&,1&7#11!*,0'&P!

;,''+! 5P! ZLDDX[P! `&B,+,0,12! S&/#1(1^! qI(4)1#',+0+! #)&! +&&1! #+! e4+0! #1(0%&)! $#+4#'0:!$#0&2():qP! %009^iiNNNPe(4)1#',+7P$(P4OiHi#)0,$'&+iGKHKHEP9%9! d! )&0),&B&6! (1!DFiDFiFDP!

;4)9%:J! bPRPJ! \! b),0$%#)6J! ;PbP! ZFXXE[P! 3&+0,1#0,(1! 9),$&dB#'4&! 9&)$&90,(1+^! 51!&Q#7,1#0,(1!(-!(),2,1! #16! +&#+(1#'! ,1-'4&1$&+P! I(4)1#'! (-! *)#B&'!`&+&#)$%J!A('P! KGJ!_++PKJ!FHdLLP!

C&N+!52&1$,&+! ZLDDh[P! S&/#1(1!9),7&!7,1,+0&)!#$$4+&+!8&V/(''#%!(-! +0#2,12! $(49P!%009^iiNNNP%##)&0VP$(7i1&N+i'&/#1(1d9),7&d7,1,+0&)d#$$4+&+d%&V/(''#%d(-d+0#2,12d$(49dFPLaGGKF!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FDiDaiFDP!

C()O(17##J!=P!ZFXXG[P!*%&!)&$(1+0)4$0,(1!(-!S&/#1(1P!*%&!*%,)6!C()6,$!$(1-&)&1$&!(1! ;,66'&! R#+0! <046,&+^! R0%1,$! &1$(410&)! #16! $4'04)&! $%#12&P! %009^iiNNNP+7,!P4,/P1(i9#eiC()O(17##P%07'!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!DaiDKiFDP!

b#'&+0,1&! ?#$0+! M&/+,0&! ZLDFD[P! M%#0! 6,6! 0%&! bS.! 6(! ,1! S&/#1(1vP!%009^iiNNNP9#'&+0,1&-#$0+P()2i9-kFXHE0(FXXFk'&/#1(1k9'(P9%9! d! )&0),&B&6! (1!LKiDGiFDP!

b,V#7J!5P!ZFXXX[P!!c(79)&%&1+,B&!#99)(#$%!0(!$'#++,-:,12!#$0+!(-!$),7&!#16!B,('&1$&!#0! 0(4),+7! 6&+0,1#0,(1+PZ<9&$,#'! _++4&! (1!M#)J! *&))(),+7J! *(4),+7^! *,7&+! (-! c),+,+!

Page 85: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

hD!!

#16! `&$(B&):[P! %009^iiNNNP#$$&++7:',/)#):P$(7i#)0,$'&dF>FdGGKLXHLXi$(79)&%&!1+,B&d#99)(#$%d$'#++,-:,12d#$0+P%07'!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FDiDLiFDP!

`#-,O! 8#),),! d! *%&! .--,$,#'! M&/+,0&! ZLDFD[P! ",(2)#9%:^! ;)P! `#-,O! 8#),),P! %009^ii!NNNP)%#),),P$(7i2&1&)#'P#+9Qv9#2&$(10&10w/,(2)#9%:!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FaiDKiFDP!

`#+$%O#J!;P!ZFXXL[P!*%&!c4),(4+!#16!0%&!?)42#'!?'($O!0(!<&&!S&/#1(1!`&7#,1+!b&#$&!/),12+!#! +4)2&!(-!B,+,0()+! -()! 0%&! -,)+0! 0,7&!+,1$&!FXEGP!%009^ii#)0,$'&+P'#0,7!&+P$(7i!FXXLdDEdFDi1&N+i71dFhHGkFk'&/#1(1d0(4),+7d0,7&!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!DKiDL!iFDP!!

`#+$%O#J!;P!ZFXXX[P!3&+9,0&!b)&dM#)!3),B,12!8#/,0+J!*(4),+7!,1!b(+0dM#)!S&/#1(1!_+!5',B&! #16! >)(N,12P! %009^iiNNNPN#+%,120(1d)&9()0P()2i/#$O,++4&+iDHXXiXXDHDKHP!%07'!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!DaiDKiFDP!

`&/4,'6!S&/#1(1!M&/+,0&!ZLDDE[P!S&/#1(1!4+&+!%,2%d0&$%!0(('+!0(!/((+0!&$(0(4),+7P!%009^iiNNNP)&/4,'6'&/#1(1P2(BP'/i&12',+%i-iC&N+5)0,$'&P#+9vcC&N+_3wFDDL! d!)&0),&B&6!(1!LKiDaiFDP!

`&9()0#2&! .1',1&! ZLDDX[P! S&/#1(1^! #! 0(4),+0Y+! ;&$$#P! ;#2#V,1&! (-! 0%&! 54+0)#',#1!c&10)&! -()! _16&9&16&10! I(4)1#',+7P! %009^iiNNNP)&9()0#2&(1',1&P$(7iLDDXiDX!i'&/#1(1d#d0(4),+0+d7&$$#i!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FhiDLiFDP!

`&94/',$! (-! S&/#1(1! ZLDFD[P! c(410):! .B&)B,&N! S($#0,(1! #16! <,V&P! %009^iiNNNP!1#0,(1+&1$:$'(9&6,#P$(7i&$(1(7,&+i5+,#d#16d0%&db#$,-,$iS&/#1(1P%07'!!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FDiDKiFDP!

`:#1J!cP!ZFXXE[P!*%&!*(4),+0!RQ9&),&1$&P!c&12#2&!S&#)1,12!"4+,1&++!b)&++P!L!R6,0,(1P!

`]*X!ZLDDH[P!R2:90!0(4),+7!9'&62&+!+499()0!-()!9(+0dN#)!S&/#1(1P!%009^iiNNNP):0X!P$(7i&+i9)2iaEHDDi!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!LEiDKiFDP!

<#Q0(1J!IP!ZLDDL[P!*%&!R$(1(7,$!c(+0+!(-!*&))(),+7P!I(,10!R$(1(7,$!c(77,00&&!jP<P!c(12)&++P!%009^iiNNNP%(4+&P2(Bie&$i0&))(),+7i$(+0+P96-!d!)&0),&B&6!FDiDaiFDP!

<&#0(1J! 5P! ZFXXE[J! p3&+0,1#0,(1! 7#)O&0,12pJ! ,1! <&#0(1J! 5PJ! "&11&00J! ;P!ZR6+[J;#)O&0,12!*(4),+7!b)(64$0+^!c(1$&90J!_++4&+J!c#+&+J!*%(7+(1!"4+,1&++!b)&++J!S(16(1J!99PKGDdEHP!

<%&B0+(BJ!5P!ZLDDE[P!R1B,)(17&10#'!_79',$#0,(1+!(-!0%&!LDDH!_+)#&'dS&/#1(1!c(1-',$0P!%009^iiNNNFP#7&),$#1P&64i0&6i,$&i'&/#1(1dN#)P%07!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FHiDLiFDP!

<(4&,6J! ;P! ZLDDH[P! *%&! S&/#1&+&! R$(1(7:! "&-()&! #16! 5-0&)P!%009^iiNNNP/#1O7&6P$(7P'/i<,0&c(''&$0,(13($47&10+iR$(1(7,$mLD)&9()0mLD+&90&7/&)mLDDHP96-!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FDiDFiFDP!

<0(66#)0J!AP! ZLDFD[P!"&,)40! ,+! )&/()1!#+! #! 2',0V:!9'#:2)(416! -()! 0(4),+0+P!j<5!*(6#:!.1',1&P! %009^iiNNNP4+#0(6#:P$(7i0)#B&'i6&+0,1#0,(1+iLDFDdDFdLFd/&,)40d/(41$&+d/#$OkCP%07!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!DLiDFiLDFDP!

<N#)/)((O&J! IP!\!8()1&)J! <P! ZFXXX[P! c(1+47&)!"&%#B,(4)! ,1! *(4),+7P!"400&)N()0%d8&,1&7#11P!_''4+0)#0&6!R6,0,(1P!

Page 86: Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at...Bachelor Thesis FINAL - modul.ac.at ... 0%!!!!

!!

!!

hF!!

*#'/(0!"P!\!8#)),7#1!8P!ZLDDh[P!3,+#)7,12!8&V/(''#%P!;&6,0&))#1&#1!5--#,)+J!_1$P!

*#)'(NJ!bP!ZLDDL[P!RB&10!`,+O!;#1#2&7&10!#16!<#-&0:P!M,'&:P!

*#)'(NJ! bP! ZLDDK[P! *#O,12! #! `&#',+0,$! S((O! #0! *(4),+7! ,1! #! *,7&! (-! *&))(),+7P! j<5!*(6#:!;#2#V,1&J!A('P!FKFJ!_++P!LHXaJ!GLP!

*&#)+! -()! S&/#1(1! ZLDDE[P!C&N+! S&/#1(1^C(!&16! ,1! +,2%0! #+! 0(4),+7! +&$0()!/'&&6+!7(1&:P! %009^ii0&#)+-()'&/#1(1PN()69)&++P$(7iLDDEiDaiDLi1&N+d'&/#1(11(d&16d,1d+,2%0d#+d0(4),+7d+&$0()d/'&&6+d7(1&:i!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!LLiDaiFDP!

*%&!R$(1(7,+0!_10&'',2&1$&!j1,0!!ZLDDF[P!S&/#1(1^!7,Q&6!/#2P!"4+,1&++!;,66'&!R#+0J!EP!!

*%&!R$(1(7,+0! _10&'',2&1$&!j1,0! ZLDDL[P!<#-&!%#B&1vP!c(410):!;(1,0()J!A('P!FDJ! _++P!KEJ!GP!

*%&!R$(1(7,+0!_10&'',2&1$&!j1,0!ZLDDa[P!c(410):!`&9()0^!S&/#1(1J!FdEP!

*%&! C&N! ]()O! *,7&+! ZLDDX[P! *%&! aa! b'#$&+! *(! >(! ,1! LDDXP! %009^iiNNNP1:0,7&+!P$(7i,10&)#$0,B&iLDDXiDFiFFi0)#B&'iLDDXDFFFk3R<*_C5*_.C<P%07'! d! )&0),&B&6! (1!DLiDLiFDP!

*%&(6(4'(4J!;P!ZFXXH[P!*%&,)! -404)&!%#V:J!S&/#1(1q+!24&)),''#+!0):!0(4),+7J!9(',0,$+P!c%),+0,#1!<$,&1$&!;(1,0()J!HP!

jC3b! ZLDDh[P! b(B&)0:! #16! <($,#'! 3&B&'(97&10P! %009^iiNNNP4169P!()2P'/iM%#0M&3(i9(B&)0:P$-7!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!FDiDKiFDP!

jP<P! 3&9#)07&10! (-! <0#0&! ZLDFD[P! "#$O2)(416! C(0&^! S&/#1(1P!%009^iiNNNP+0#0&P2(Bi)i9#i&,i/21iKGhKKP%07!d!)&0),&B&6!(1!LDiDaiFDP!!

M,'O+J!IPJ!b&16&)2#+0J!3P!\!S&22#0!bP5P!ZLDDH[P!*(4),+7!_1!*4)/4'&10!*,7&+^!*(N#)6+!<#-&!RQ9&),&1$&+!?()!A,+,0()+P!R'+&B,&)!<$,&1$&!\!*&$%1('(2:P!!

M*.! ZLDDL[P! *(4),+7! %,2%',+0+! ZLDDF! 6#0#[P! %009^iiNNNPN()'6d0(4),+7P()2! d!)&0),&B&6!(1!LhiFLiDXP!

]#0&+J!CP! ZLDDH[! S&/#1(1!$),+,+!%,0! 0(4),+7P!*)#B&'!*)#6&!>#V&00&!j=!\! _)&'#16J! _++P!LEKDJ!GaP!

!

!