thermatek service

April 11, 2023

THERMATEK™ SERVICE

SPE Alaska Luncheon17th January 2006

Presented by: Bruce Robertson

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Presentation Overview• Thermatek Service General Overview.

• Thermatek Service Drilling Applications.

• Thermatek Service Conformance Applications.

• Case History’s.

• Operations to-date summary.

• Questions and Answers.

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General Overview

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Introduction

Thermatek was invented and patented several years ago by a mud engineer based in Kazakhstan

The technology was licensed by Halliburton in Jan 04 and purchased outright in April 2005.

It has a successful and developing track record in the North Sea, Middle East, Mexico and Malaysia.

Halliburton has initially selected 5 market areas to support in the commercialisation of the Thermatek™ Service.

North Sea

Middle East

Mexico

Malaysia

Alaska

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What is THERMATEK™ ?

• Thermatek™ is a ‘temperature activated’ family of ‘non-invasive’ rigid setting fluid compositions that are used to provide a range of near-wellbore SOLUTIONS!

• Main Applications: Severe Lost Circulation

Water / Gas Shut Offs

Annular Plugs

Consolidation Plugs

• ALL Thermatek™ Fluids are characterised by a controlled ‘right angle set’ followed by rapid development of compressive strength.

• The fluids ‘right angle set’ is a reaction to exposure to a specified temperature for a specified period of time. The higher the temperature the shorter the set time. Unaffected by pressure applied to the slurry.

• The temperature activation results from a combination of exothermic reaction from the fluid chemistry + temperature transfer from the formation.

• The short set time, followed by rapid development of compressive strength, is the key to designing Thermatek™ interventions.

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Key Properties of Thermatek™ Rigid Setting Fluids

Predictable and consistent right angle set.

Rapid build up of compressive strength.

Slight expansion on setting (1 - 2%).

Zero static gel generation.

Will not invade formation.

100% Acid Soluble with 15% HCl.

100% return permeability.

Immiscible in oil.

H2S and CO2 resistant.

Tolerates up to 50% contamination with water / drilling muds.

Extremely high bond strength to casings and formations.

Typically 5–10 micron median particle size.

Once set, Thermatek™ has mechanical characteristics similar to cement - but it is definitely not cement.

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Drilling Applications

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Primary Applications in Drilling

• Thermatek™ Thru-bit Lost Circulation Material.

• Thermatek™ to Consolidate Formation.

• Thermatek™ Thru-bit Kick-Off Plug. (under development)

• Thermatek™ as Zonal Isolation Material.

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Thermatek™ LCMThermatek™ as a Lost Circulation Material comes in 2 different forms and is generally used when no other avenue is available to the operator, or when high rate (+100bbl/hr) losses are anticipated prior to drilling an interval.

• Thermatek™ LC (Lost Circulation)

– Thermatek™ low or high temperature fluid can be pumped through the drilling BHA and is designed to set up soon (5 – 20 min) after entering the loss zone, bringing the well back under control.

• Thermatek™ RSP (Rapid Setting Plug)

– Thermatek™ RSP is pumped in a similar manner to Flex-plug, with an active slurry pumped down the drill string to react with an aqueous based fluid pumped down the back-side of the drill string. The two fluids meet and mix below the BHA resulting in a ‘gunking’ material which will quickly stem flow to the loss zone and then develop compressive strength for permanent zone sealing.

Thermatek™ RSP is not temperature sensitive.

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Thermatek™ - LC

Thermatek™ LC has been used successfully in several geographic regions to control losses in excess of 600 bbl/hr. The success of an application relies as much on obtaining quality data from the customer as it does on the predictability of the fluids set time.

Key Points– Placed safely through the drilling BHA.– Material is used as a lost circulation treatment for major fracture losses, typically

> 100 bbl/hr. Below this conventional LCM’s may be sufficient.– It is non-invasive and acid soluble allowing it to be used safely in producing

formations.– Thermatek™ is used to shut off losses quickly and effectively in highly deviated and

horizontal sections as well as vertical wells.– Typical treatment sizes are 15 – 35 bbl.

– The challenge is to pre-engineer the Lost Circulation plan so that drilling operations can re-commence within 8-12 hours of hitting initial losses.

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Thermatek™ LC

HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES

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0:00 24:00 48:00 72:00 96:00 120:00 144:00 168:00

Elapse Time (hours:minutes)

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Compressive Strength Transit Time

Cement Laboratory Test Data

Cement Type:Date & Time:

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THERMATEK02-Aug-2005 01:18:52 PM

Strength:Strength:

50 psi500 psi

Occured At:Occured At:

00:45 00:48

THERMATEK

At Time:At Time:At Time:

6:00 12:00 18:00

Strength Was:Strength Was:Strength Was:

902 psi879 psi868 psi

Last Strength:Comments:

0 psi

AtChannel No.:

140:07Highest Up-side for Successful Shut Off

• Very small particle size allows Thermatek™ to be Pumped ‘thru the bit’ to eliminate time consuming and costly trips in and out hole.

• Treatments are designed with very short set time after exiting the BHA (5 – 20 mins)

• Thermatek™ has a ‘right angle set’ transition from fluid to solid.

• Rapid generation of compressive strength follows the initial right angle set. (Reducing WOC times)

• Even with high compressive strength Thermatek™ is easily drilled out from well-bore.

• Thermatek™ is non-invasive to the producing formation. It’s temperature activated set prevents fluid from entering the formation.

• Acid soluble with a solution of 15% HCl

• Surface equipment and lines are easily cleaned with water.

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Thermatek™ LCPLACEMENT PROCEDURE

Thermatek™ LCPLACEMENT PROCEDURE

• Thermatek Placement

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Thermatek™ - Rapid Setting Plug

• Thermatek™ RSP has been developed in response to specific well-bore conditions where Thermatek™-LC cannot be used due to temperature restrictions, or where static loss rates are so high that the standard Thermatek™-LC treatment is less effective.

• Thermatek™-RSP is a newly developed Thermatek™ formulation and we are actively seeking field application opportunities that fit some or all of the following criteria:

• Wellbore temperatures during losses in excess of 2500F.

• Water based drilling fluids.

• Static loss rates in excess of 100 Bbls/hr.

Thermatek RSP can only be used with water based drilling fluids.

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Thermatek™ - RSPHOW DOES IT WORK?

The Thermatek™-RSP treatment is split into an “active” fluid and a “reactive fluid” – PUMPED IN A RATIO OF 4 : 1

• The active (Thermatek™) fluid is pumped to the loss zone down the drill string and through the drilling BHA.

• The reactive fluid (aqueous drilling fluid) is pumped down the drill string annulus to the loss zone.

• The two fluids meet and mix below the drilling BHA as the Thermatek™ exits the BHA into the wellbore.

• A strong gunk is formed within 60 secs of the fluids mixing and this quickly and effectively shuts off flow to the loss zone.

• Thereafter, the heat from the formation causes the Thermatek™ to set, with compressive strength up to 1000 psi developing within 2-3 hrs to provide a permanent isolation plug that will not wash away or be extruded into the loss zone.

Thermatek™ RSP is un-restricted by bottom-hole temperature.

It is non-invasive and acid soluble - allowing it to be used safely in producing formations.

Typical treatment sizes are 15 – 35 bbl.

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Thermatek™ - Formation Consolidation

The Thermatek™ - FC Treatment can prevent the occurrence of the following well problems:

• Induced fracture losses as a result of drilling lower sections with the high mud weights required to prevent collapse of upper sections into the wellbore.

• Sloughing of upper well sections and stuck pipe as a result of reducing mud weights to levels that are required to drill lower well sections.

Thermatek™ can be used as a Formation Consolidation (FC) treatment to consolidate specific well sections prior to changing mud weights up or down to drill lower well sections.

Thermatek™ is pumped through the drilling BHA and used to squeeze off loose or unconsolidated sand or shale sections.

If the section cannot be squeezed off consolidation may still be achieved by under-reaming and squeezing a Thermatek™ plug over the section. After set the original wellbore diameter is drilled through the Thermatek™ plug.

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Thermatek™ - Kick Off Plug

This application is currently under development.

Test projects using various additives are on-going to attempt to reduce the ‘drillability’ of Thermatek™ to attain a slurry design which can be pumped through the BHA, set quickly and have suitable mechanical properties to allow kick-off from the plug.

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Thermatek™ - Zonal Isolation Plug

Thermatek™ has been used successfully to protect the producing formation from impairment damage during cementing / completion operations.

Deployed through the drill string / BHA after the well is TD’d, the plug is left over the top of the producing formation for removal by drilling / milling with coiled tubing after the well has been completed.

A cross linked K-max pill is pumped ahead of the treatment to provide support to the Thermatek™ fluid until the set time is reached.

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Conformance Applications

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Thermatek’™ Primary Applications in Conformance

• Zonal Isolation Water / Gas Shut-Off.

• Temporary production formation protection.

• Gravel pack / Sand screen selective shut-offs.

• Remedial Casing Repairs

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• Mixed and pumped from surface with standard cementing equipment.

• Very small volumes can be placed accurately.

• Placed through work-string, coiled tubing or dump bailed. Can be pumped through drilling / milling assemblies or lubricated into B-annulus if oil based fluid.

• Near well-bore solution, if there is a requirement to seal off in formation matrix, additional, polymer based gels are usually required.

• Used to seal off fracture communication between water injectors and oil / gas producers.

• In applications where we do not wish Thermatek to pass through sand screens, we use a bridging agent which prevents slurry from re-entering annulus.

Thermatek™ - Water / Gas Shut Off

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• Due to the low depth of penetration and the acid solubility nature of the set product Thermatek has been used to protect reservoir intervals to allow intervention to be carried out in other intervals. Once removed via milling and acidizing, full production was restored.

• Suitable for most formations, however is dependant on permeability and presence of natural fractures to ensure product can be contacted with acid to remove.

Thermatek™ - Production Formation Protection.

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• Controlled right angled set is the most important characteristic when designing jobs to rectify flow or pressure emanating from secondary annulus.

• As the fluid is immiscible in oil based fluids it can be lubricated into B-Annulus to sink to leak zone or designed to set up in the annulus if no injection rate can be established.

• As with any setting fluid placed in an annulus, a full work-over including cutting / milling the tubing would be required should the completion need to be replaced in future.

Thermatek™ -Remedial Casing Repair.

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• Laboratory testing confirm Thermatek can be pumped through a 16/30 sand gravel pack, however cannot be pumped through 20/40 sand gravel pack.

• Results on each test above shows the 16/30 pack to be completely consolidated, with the filtrate setting up with considerable compressive strength (> 1500 psi), however whilst the test with 20/40 sand did consolidate the pack, the filtrate did not contain enough solids to develop compressive strength.

• In applications where we do not wish Thermatek to pass through sand screens, we use a bridging agent called Delta P which prevents slurry from re-entering annulus

Thermatek™ - Gravel Pack / Sand Screen Selective Shut-Off

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Case History’s

Water Shut Off: Shell Gannet Field in the UK North Sea. ICOTA Presentation & SPE

Water Shut Off: Centrica Resources Limited Rose Field in UK Southern North Sea. SPE # 94175

Water Shut Off: BP Amethyst Field in UK Southern North Sea.

Lost Circulation: Shell F6 Wells in Sarawak Field in Malaysia (SPE paper once campaign complete)

Lost Circulation: PDO in Fahud Field in Oman

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Thermatek™-WS Case Study• North Sea Operator has a field which was 85 – 100% watered out and considered to be

nearing the end of it’s economic life.

• Logs acquired in March 2002 showed the oil rim had been displaced upward into the gas cap.

• Oil rim could be significantly drained from the heel of these wells

• The wells chosen were watered out

• Opportunity to learn more about the reservoir and prove fluid’s efficiency.

• Engineered designs, selectively placing small quantities of Thermatek™ to shut-off water producing zones and re-perforating above the oil rim has rejuvenated the field and extended it’s life.

• Interventions typically paid for themselves within 70 days.

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GA-14S1

TUBING HANGER

9-5/8", 47lb/ft, L80, Casing Shoe @ 7894' AHBDF (7356' TVBDF)

GROUND LEVEL

7", 29lb/ft, 13%Cr, Liner Shoe 7446' TVBDF (8491' AHBDF)

4" Liner Shoe 7446' TVBDF (11460' AHBDF)

13-3/8", 68lb/ft, N80 CasingShoe @ 4411' AHBDF

(4347' TVBDF)

5-1/2", 17lb/ft, L80, 13%Cr, Tubing @ 2183'

AHBDF (2176' TVBDF)

10-3/4", 55.5lb/ft,L80 XO 2021'

AHBDF (2017'TVBDF)

4", 9.5lb/ft, L80, 13% Cr,Tubing @ 7828' AHBDF

(7328' TVBDF)

Pre-packed screens

Bridge plug set at 8117ft AHBDF

Cement retainer set at 7962ft AHBDF

Holes punched in 4” liner

• Run 1: Drift on CT• Run 2: MPNN• Run 3: Bridge Plug• Run 4: Tubing Punch• Run 5: Cement retainer• Run 6: ThermatekTM ZIM• Run 7: Perforating• Run 8: Retrieve SSSV

Protector from Nipple

ThermatekTM ZIM Squeezed away

Perforations at 7955ft AHBDF

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Gannett Field ResultsWell bbls oil/day Current Water

cutAdditional

Cumulative bblsBefore After

GA-02 0 400 40 % 135,000

GA-03 0 2500 3 % 150,000

GA-14 0 1100 30 % 2,000

GA-07 0 1000 1 % 80,000

GA-19 1000 1000 90 % 0

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Thermatek™-LC Case Study• F6 Area in Sarawak, Malaysia consistently incurred high-rate losses (>11 bpm)

while drilling through the Carbonate reservoir interval.

• Previous experience of pumping multiple cement plugs proved unsuccessful, time consuming and potentially damaging to the reservoir.

• A revised drilling schedule and method was engineered to cure losses rapidly and allow completion to be run.

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• Losses in excess of 660 bbl/hr incurred in 6” OH reservoir interval.

• Drilled well to TD using dynamic mud-cap method while on losses

• Intended to place plug inside 7” Liner to allow completion to be run prior to CT removal.

• 1 x 15 bbl Thermatek treatment actually entered loss zone and cured the losses. Allowing completion to be run.

• CT RIH and tagged plug, acidized and brought well onto production.

• Down-Hole temperatures were lower than anticipated, which delayed the set time allowing the plug to travel further than expected.

• Well Sounder technology was invaluable for determining loss rates and fluid level drop-off.

• Trial continuing in February 2006.

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Operations to Date Summary

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Operations to Date SummaryWater / Gas Shut-Off:

17 operations performed to date with 94 % success rate.

6 for Shell and 2 for BP in the UK.

6 for Pemex in Mexico.

Temporary Isolations:

1 operation successfully performed for Pentex oil UK Ltd. Removed with 15% HCl, full production regained.

Permanent Isolation:

6 operations performed to date with 80 % success rate.

1 for Shell in UK, 1 for Maersk in Denmark and 3 for BP in Alaska.

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Operations to Date SummaryLost Circulation:

3 successful operations performed in Oman for PDO where total losses >10 bpm were cured with single 25 bbl treatments.

1 successful operation performed in Sarawak, Malaysia for Shell where total losses were cured with single 15 bbl treatment to allow completion to be RIH prior to removal with 15% HCl on CT.

Dump Bailer Operations:

3 successfully placed operations have been completed to date.

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Major operators Who Have approved use of

Thermatek™ • Shell UK.• Chevron USA.• PDO – Oman.• Talisman Energy Resources Ltd.• Gaz de France.• Total (Pau).• BP (Aberdeen).• Centrica.• Pemex.

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Questions and Answers

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