theory of flight€¦ · theory of flight 6.03 secondary controls and secondary effects of controls...
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![Page 1: Theory of Flight€¦ · Theory of Flight 6.03 Secondary Controls and Secondary Effects of Controls References: FTGU pages 15, 28, 29. Review 1. What control surface causes roll?](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062610/61115e9b96305946ef26ad42/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Theory of Flight
6.03 Secondary Controls and
Secondary Effects of ControlsReferences:
FTGU pages 15, 28, 29
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Review
1. What control surface causes roll?
2. What movement does the elevator create?
3. Which axis does yaw act around?
4. Name the 2 types of fuselage construction.
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6.03 Secondary Controls and
Secondary Effects of Controls
• MTPs:
– Trim
– Spoilers and Dive Breaks
– Flaps
– Secondary Effects of Controls
– Coordination
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Trim
• Trim tab: adjustable device located on the trailing edge of control surfaces
• Purpose – alleviates pressure on the controls
• Other types of trim are bungees connected to the control column
• Most often only on the elevator
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Trim
The trim tab moves in the opposite direction as the control surface
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Trim
• Trim in a glider– No trim tabs
• Types
- side trim (bungee)
- stick trim (ratchet)
Bungee Trim
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Spoilers & Dive Brakes
• Primarily used in glider flying
• Spoilers – are hinged plates on top of the wing
– disrupt the airflow over the wing to “spoil” the lift (Top)
• Dive Brakes – increase drag (Bottom)
NASA applet - http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/spoil.html
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Spoilers & Dive Brakes
Purpose – allows the pilot to control the rate of decent during final approach and landing
- Spoilers and dive breaks increase drag and decrease lift
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Flaps
• Increases the camber of the wing
• This increases the lift and the drag
• Known as a high lift device
• Allows the aircraft to have a steeper approach
path with a decreased stall speed
• Allows glider pilot to fly slower in a thermal
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Flaps
• Types of flaps
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Secondary Effects
• The air movement over control surfaces when
they are moved causes adverse effects
• When you yaw you get Roll
• When you roll you get Adverse yaw
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Roll from Yaw
Roll from yaw
• When rudder is
applied, the wing on
the outside of the
turn moves faster,
which causes it to
experience more lift
Faster = more lift
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Roll from Yaw
YAW LEFT
CAUSES ROLLTO THE LEFT
MORE LIFT
FASTER
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Adverse Yaw from Roll
• When ailerons are applied the plane has a tendency to yaw away from the lower wing because of aileron drag.
• The wing that rises experiences more lift, but also more induced drag.
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Adverse Yaw from Roll
Left aileron DOWNLESS LIFTLESS DRAG
Right aileron UPMORE LIFTMORE DRAG
ROLL CAUSES ADVERSE YAW
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Coordination
• To turn the aircraft without causing
unnecessary drag, aileron and rudder
must be used.
• Using too much rudder will cause a
“skidding turn”.
• Using too little (or opposite) rudder will
cause a “slipping turn”.
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CoordinationYou slip in and skid out. Think of driving and skidding around a corner.
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Confirmation
1. How is adverse yaw created?
2. Why is there roll when an airplane is yawed?
3. What is the purpose of flaps?
4. Name 2 types of trim.
5. What is trim used for?
6. What is the difference between slipping and skidding?
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Confirmation
Draw on the airplane where the following go:
• Flaps
• Spoilers
• Elevator Trim tab
• Aileron Trim tab
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C-130 Deploying Flares