the world’s aerospace materials handbook

ThyssenKrupp Aerospace

the world’s

teamaerospace materials

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Price, delivery and quality continue to be the most important requirements of aerospace material buyers. The development of new aircraft and the consistent competitive pressure to provide lowest cost and the highest quality in the shortest timescales, mean that these requirements have to be achieved in an increasingly complex environment.

The introduction of new aircraft continues to drive the need for a wider and wider range of materials and specifications. The application of ‘lean’ manufacturing principles demands that these materials be processed and supplied on a just-in-time basis.

ThyssenKrupp Aerospace is dedicated to meeting these needs. Whether our customers have an immediate one-off requirement for a single piece of metal, or need to negotiate a long-term agreement covering multiple materials and processes, we are ready to respond on a local basis or as part of a global arrangement.

This handbook outlines the range of materials and services we provide and includes a wealth of general information that we think our customers will find helpful to have at their fingertips – we hope you like it!

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Aluminium

The investment required, in particular to extract and convert bauxite into aluminium ingot, has led to a significant consolidation of the aluminium manufacturing industry which is now controlled by a few major companies.

Aerospace demand represents less than 1 % of all of the aluminium produced in the world, and as a result, its price and availability is affected by broader global trends.

In recognition of this fact and to ensure that sufficient aircraft aluminium production capacity exists in the long-term, the leading aerospace manufacturers have negotiated long-term supply agreements with the aluminium producers, which has effectively tied up over 50 % of available capacity at agreed prices. The supply of this material is tightly controlled by the aircraft manufacturers or their approved service providers and can only be accessed by those subcontractors who have been awarded work packages.

The ‘open’ market, ie outside of the aircraft manufacturer mill agreements, reacts to the normal interplay of supply and demand. However, it is also affected by the price of ingot which is traded daily on the london Metal Exchange (lME) and by pressures on energy prices and other costs incurred by the producers. Although not as volatile as the lME, the production lead times and price of this material does vary, and although it can go through periods of stability, this can never be taken for granted.

Steel

As with aluminium, there are very few approved manufacturers of steels for the aerospace industry. With total aerospace industry demand representing less than 0.1 % of worldwide steel production, there is a constant pressure on approved manufacturers to re-evaluate the cost and benefit of their involvement.

The result is that the aerospace steels market is buffeted from time to time by the effects of supply and demand in other sectors. In addition, because aerospace steels have other alloying elements, their price can also be affected by movements in the lME price of Nickel etc. Such changes are usually passed on by the producers in the form of surcharges which can add a significant increase to the cost of the base material.

Titanium

There are very few producers of titanium in the world but, unlike the other two materials, aerospace applications represent more than 50 % of its usage. This, combined with the material’s growing importance for use in composite structures, has led the aerospace companies to negotiate long term supply agreements and even to enter into joint ventures with the titanium manufacturers.

As a result less production capacity is freely available to meet uncontracted demands so open market prices can be very volatile.

THE MATErIAlS MArKET AND PrICING

Alu

min

ium

Aluminium

PlateProducts and processing ...........................................................................................21Standards and specifications .................................................................................24Weight calculations ........................................................................................................30

SheetProducts and processing ...........................................................................................33Standards and specifications .................................................................................34Weight calculations ........................................................................................................40

BarProducts and processing ...........................................................................................42Standards and specifications .................................................................................43Weight calculations ........................................................................................................46

TubeProducts and processing ...........................................................................................51Standards and specifications .................................................................................52Weight calculations ........................................................................................................54

Technical dataMetallurgy and specifications .................................................................................57Thermal treatment ..........................................................................................................58Summary of alloys ..........................................................................................................60Processing properties ..................................................................................................61Aluminium tube production ......................................................................................62Typical mechanical properties of tube .............................................................63Production diagrams .....................................................................................................64

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Standards and specifications by countrySpecification Alloy Temper CompanyBelgiumSmS 3206 7010 T7451 SonacaBrazilmEP 02-013 7475 T7351 EmbraermEP 02-014 7050 T7451 EmbraerCanadaBAmS 516-001 7050 T7651 BombardierBAmS 516-002 7475 T7351 BombardierBAmS 516-003 7050 T7451 BombardierBAmS 516-006 7150 T7751 BombardierBAmS 516-021 7040 T7451 BombardierEuropeEn 2419 2024 T351En 6000 2024 T351En 2422 2124 T351En 2124 2214 T451, T651En 2123 2618A T351, T851En 4213 6061 T651En 2684/2687 7010 W51, T7651, T7451En 4214 7010 T651En 3982/3983 7050 T7451/T7651En 2126 7075 W51, T651En 2511 7075 T7351En 2512 7175 T7351En 2805/4457 7475 T7651/T7351FranceAimS 03-02-004/020 2024 T351/T351HDT AirbusAimS 03-02-008 7175 T7351 AirbusAimS 03-02-009 7475 T7351 AirbusAimS 03-02-011/026 7150 T651/T7751 AirbusAimS 03-02-017/024 7055 T7751/T7951 AirbusAimS 03-02-019 7040/7050 T7451 AirbusAimS 03-02-021 2618A T851 AirbusAimS 03-02-022 7010/7050 T7451 AirbusAimS 03-02-023 7040 T7651 AirbusAimS 03-02-025 7085 T7651 AirbusAimS 03-02-031 2027 T351 AirbusAimS 03-02-032 2124 T851 AirbusAimS 04-32-232 2214 T351, T651 AirbusAimS 04-32-311/319/324 7010 T7451/T651/T7651 AirbusAimS 04-32-411 2024 T351 AirbusAimS 04-32-441 2618A T351, T851 AirbusAimS 04-32-471 7075 T7351 AirbusAimS 04-32-471A 7175 T3751 AirbusAiR 9048 7175 T7351AiR 9048.610/.620 2214 T451/T451(T651), T651AiR 9048.630 2024 T351AiR 9048.640 2618A T351(T851), T851AiR 9048.680/.690/.700/.710 7075 T651/T7351/T7351/T7651AiR 9048.720/.730 7475 T7351/T7651AiR 9048.740 7050 T7451ASn-A-3005/3098/3101 7010 T651/T7451/T7651 AirbusASn-A-3009 7075 T7351 AirbusASn-A-3011 2024 T351 AirbusASn-A-3050 7175 T7351 AirbusASn-A-3355 2618A T851 AirbusCR 1.1.0.31 2214 T451, T651 DassaultCR 1.1.0.36 2024 T351 DassaultCR 1.1.0.42 2618A T351, T651 DassaultCR 1.1.0.76 7075 T651, T7351 DassaultCR 1.1.0.87 7010 T7451 DassaultCR 1.1.0.88 7175 T7351 DassaultCR 1.1.0.98 7050 T7451 DassaultGermanyW.-nr. 3.1354 2024 T351, T851W.-nr. 3.1924 2618A T651W.-nr. 3.3214 6061 T451, T651W.-nr. 3.4394 7010 T7451W.-nr. 3.4144 7050 T7451W.-nr. 3.4364 7075 T651, T7351W.-nr. 3.4364 7175 T7351W.-nr. 3.4384 7475 T7351

continued >

ALuminium PLATE

For imperial weight calculations, certain measurements (fractions) need to be converted to decimal inches. Please see the conversion table on page 132.

For an accurate calculation, it is also important to allow for the rolling tolerance which affects the thickness and the cutting tolerances which affect the width and length. These vary from thickness to thickness – please contact us for details.

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T

W

L

T = Thickness W = Width L = LengthMetric density (g/cm³) x T x W x L = weight

Example: 7.85 g/cm³ x 50 mm x 1 m x 2 m = 785 kg

Imperial density (lbs/in³) x T x W x L weightExample: 0.284 lbs/in³ x 4 in x 36 in x 120 in = 4907.5 lbs

How to calculate the weight of sheet or plate

The weight is easily calculated. Simply multiply the appropriate alloy density by the thickness, width, and length of the required part (see worked example below).

Weight calculations

The following charts are samples of some of the common thicknesses and sizes that are available. Please contact us for details of our full product range and current stock availability.

Thickness Size Weight Thickness Size Weight

mm m kg/plate in ft lbs/plate

6.35 2 x 1 99.7 1/4 10 x 3 306.7

10.00 2 x 1 157.0

12.70 2 x 1 199.4 1/2 10 x 3 613.4

15.00 2 x 1 235.5

3/4 10 x 3 920.2

20.00 2 x 1 314.0

25.40 2 x 1 398.8 1 10 x 3 1226.9

30.00 2 x 1 471.0

1 1/4 10 x 3 1533.6

38.10 2 x 1 598.2 1 1/2 10 x 3 1840.3

40.00 2 x 1 628.0

50.00 2 x 1 785.0

50.80 2 x 1 797.6 2 10 x 3 2453.8

60.00 2 x 1 942.0

63.50 2 x 1 997.0 2 1/2 10 x 3 3067.2

2 3/4 10 x 3 3373.9

70.00 2 x 1 1099.0

76.20 2 x 1 1196.3 3 10 x 3 3680.6

80.00 2 x 1 1256.0

90.00 2 x 1 1413.0

100.00 2 x 1 1570.0

101.60 2 x 1 1595.1 4 10 x 3 4907.5

110.00 2 x 1 1727.0

120.00 2 x 1 1884.0

127.00 2 x 1 1993.9 5 10 x 3 6134.4

130.00 2 x 1 2041.0

5 1/2 10 x 3 6747.8

140.00 2 x 1 2198.0

150.00 2 x 1 2355.0

152.40 2 x 1 2392.7 6 10 x 3 7361.3

SHEET – METRIC SHEET – IMPERIAL PLATE – METRIC PLATE – IMPERIAL

Thickness Size Weight Thickness Size Weight

mm m kg/sheet in ft lbs/sheet

0.300 2 x 1 4.7 0.012 10 x 3 14.7

0.376 2 x 1 5.9 0.014 10 x 3 17.2

0.400 2 x 1 6.3 0.016 10 x 3 19.6

0.457 2 x 1 7.2 0.018 10 x 3 22.1

0.500 2 x 1 7.9 0.020 10 x 3 24.5

0.559 2 x 1 8.8 0.022 10 x 3 27.0

0.600 2 x 1 9.4 0.024 10 x 3 29.4

0.710 2 x 1 11.1 0.028 10 x 3 34.4

0.800 2 x 1 12.6 0.032 10 x 3 39.3

0.914 2 x 1 14.3 0.036 10 x 3 44.2

1.000 2 x 1 15.7 0.040 10 x 3 49.1

1.200 2 x 1 18.8 0.047 10 x 3 57.7

1.220 2 x 1 19.2 0.048 10 x 3 58.9

1.270 2 x 1 19.9 0.050 10 x 3 61.3

1.420 2 x 1 22.3 0.056 10 x 3 68.7

1.600 2 x 1 25.1 0.063 10 x 3 77.3

1.780 2 x 1 28.0 0.070 10 x 3 85.9

2.000 2 x 1 31.4 0.078 10 x 3 95.7

2.030 2 x 1 31.9 0.080 10 x 3 98.2

2.286 2 x 1 35.9 0.090 10 x 3 110.4

2.500 2 x 1 39.3 0.098 10 x 3 120.2

2.540 2 x 1 39.9 0.100 10 x 3 122.7

2.640 2 x 1 41.4 0.104 10 x 3 127.6

3.000 2 x 1 47.1 0.118 10 x 3 144.8

3.250 2 x 1 51.0 0.128 10 x 3 157.0

4.000 2 x 1 62.8 0.157 10 x 3 192.6

4.060 2 x 1 63.7 0.160 10 x 3 196.3

4.460 2 x 1 70.0 0.176 10 x 3 215.9

4.760 2 x 1 74.7 0.187 10 x 3 229.4

5.000 2 x 1 78.5 0.197 10 x 3 241.7

6.000 2 x 1 94.2 0.236 10 x 3 289.5

Density based on 7.85 g/cm3 (0.284 lbs/in3)

STEEL SHEET & PLATE Density of steel

The acknowledged density of mild steel is 7.85 g/cm3 (0.284 lbs/in3). Depending on the alloy elements added to manufactured specifications this can vary between 7.75 and 8.05 g/cm3 (0.280 and 0.291 lbs/in3).

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DL

L = Length D = Diameter

How to calculate the weight of round bar

The weight of round bar is easily calculated. Simply multiply the appropriate alloy density by the diameter and length multiplied by two of the required part (see worked example below).

Round bar weight calculations

The following charts are samples of some of the common diameters that are available. Please contact us for details of our full product range and current stock availability.

Metric density (g/cm³) x D² x L x π / 4000 weightExample: 4.50 g/cm³ x 20 mm² x 1 m x π / 4000 = 1.41 kg

Imperial density (lbs/in³) x D² x L x π / 4 weightExample: 0.163 lbs/in³ x 0.75 in² x 12 in x π / 4 = 0.864 lbs

Diameter Weight Diameter Weight

mm kg/m in lbs/ft kg/m

8 0.23 5/16 0.15 0.22

9 0.29 3/8 0.22 0.32

10 0.35 7/16 0.29 0.44

12 0.51 1/2 0.38 0.57

15 0.80 5/8 0.60 0.89

20 1.41 3/4 0.86 1.29

25 2.21 1 1.54 2.29

30 3.18 1 1/4 2.40 3.57

40 5.66 1 1/2 3.46 5.14

50 8.84 1 3/4 4.71 7.00

60 12.73 2 6.15 9.14

70 17.32 2 1/4 7.78 11.57

75 19.88 2 1/2 9.60 14.29

80 22.62 2 3/4 11.62 17.29

90 28.63 3 13.83 20.57

95 31.90 3 1/2 18.82 28.00

100 35.35 4 24.58 36.58

120 50.90 4 1/2 31.11 46.29

130 59.74 5 38.41 57.15

135 64.42 5 1/2 46.48 69.15

140 69.28 6 55.31 82.30

145 74.32 6 1/2 64.91 96.59

150 79.53 7 75.29 112.02

160 90.49 7 1/2 86.42 128.59

180 114.53 8 98.33 146.31

For imperial weight calculations, certain measurements (fractions) need to be converted to decimal inches. Please see the conversion table on page 132.

For an accurate calculation, it is also important to allow for the rolling/drawn tolerances on diameter defined by the manufacturing specification. Please contact us for details.

Density based on 4.50 g/cm3 (0.163 lbs/in3)

METRIC IMPERIAL

π = 3.142

Remember: We can cut to size and process materials to reduce waste and lower your costs.

Density of titanium

The acknowledged density of titanium is 4.50 g/cm3 (0.163 lbs/in3). Depending on the alloy elements added to manufactured specifications this can vary between 4.4 and 4.9 g/cm3 (0.159 and 0.177 lbs/in3).

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