the world: 600 -1450 expanding communities & movement people, goods, ideas and animals
TRANSCRIPT
The World: 600 -1450
Expanding Communities & Movement
People, Goods, Ideas and Animals
GLOBAL PROCESS TRENDS TO 1450
Migration (Vikings, Turks, Aztecs, Mongols, Arab)
Spread of disease Belief systems (introducing Islam…!) New Technologies and commerce Idea of ownership People, church & state (Crusades, conflict)
Growth of individual (Magna Carta & Renaissance)
Demographic and Environmental Changes Migration of Agricultural Peoples
Bantu migrationsEuropeans to Eastern and Central Europe
Consequences of Disease For ex. Black Plague 1348
Growth and Role of CitiesUrbanization
How much of this demonstrates continuity?
Pop. Growth + Agricultural Revolution = Urbanization
Pop. Growth and expansion + virgin soils = Empire
Inter-regional networks and Contacts Mediterranean
trade circuit Silk Routes Indian Ocean Trans-Saharan
Trade Trans-American
circuits
Religious connections: missionaries, inter-religious contact
Impact of Mongols
Mediterranean Circuits
Silk Routes
Indian Ocean
Trans-Saharan Trade
Trans-American trade
Religious Connections
China: Internal/External Expansion
Sui Dynasty Tang Dynasty
Technological innovations: compass, paper, gunpowder etc.
Influence on JapanFootbinding, Neo-Confucianism
Song DynastyAll the makings of an industrial revolution
Early MingZheng He voyages, eunochs and nomadic
threats
Sub-Saharan Africa West African kingdoms: Ghana, Mali East African city states: Axum, Kilwa Southern Africa: Great Zimbabwe
Contacts with Islamic World, Indian Ocean world, and within Africa
Role of Trade, Education and Religion
Impact of Mongols: Blessing or a Curse
MONGOL SPREAD
East Asia (not Japan or SE Asia) Middle East (Persia) Russia IMPACTConquestTradeTech. Transfer
MONGOL SPREAD? (SE ASIA) Kublai Khan’s fleet of 1000 Mongol
ships hit by a typhoon and then refused permission to land in Champa (Vietnam). They changed direction, but their sick fleet and surprise attack turned them in another direction. Monsoons finally convinced them to retreat entirely.
Islamic World: Dar al-Islam Expanding cultural, economic and
political influenceAl-Andalus/ Islamic SpainNorth and West AfricaIndian Ocean: East Africa, India, SE Asia
Technological accomplishments: astrolabe, algebra, philosophy, cartography…
Al-Andalus
Islamic World: Comparisons Compare Islam to Christianity Compare Islamic contacts with
Europe and with Africa Crusades- points of view compared Compare gender changes Compare support/ patronage of
arts and sciences
Europe Break in eastern and Western
Christendom: political significance? Religious schisms compared:
Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholicism
Mahayana and Theravada BuddhismSunni/ Shiite in Islam
Europe: Restructureof Institutions
Religion Papacy, Crusades, architecture
and education Development of Feudalism
Comparison of feudalism in Europe and Japan
Increasing importance of monarchy over church
Amer-Indian World Migrations over the Bering Strait at
least 10,000 years ago. North: Cahokia South: Hohokam MesoAmerica- Olmecs, Maya, Toltec/Aztec
South America: Nazca, Moche, (Inca)
MIDDLE EAST Eastern Orthodox Christianity spreads Byzantine and Sasanid Empires ISLAM Spread of Islam
Caliphates Trade – Southernization: Indian Ocean
Trade Fairly peaceful
EASTERN ASIA Sui (Grand Canal), Tang (Buddhism, loss of
silk monopoly, inventions) Song (civil service exam back, Tech., pop+, flying money, credit)
YUAN – Mongols Khubilai Khan, technology transfer, exchange of
ideas and goods, Silk Road open, tax farming
MING – GOLDEN AGE: Zheng He, junksConcepts Spread of Buddhism – silk road Korea, Japan and Vietnam adapt ideas from
Chinese culture, begin to develop their own
AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS Aztec (Tenochtitlan/Tlatelolco, territorial
conquest, chinampas, simple tech., sacrifice
Mayan (Teotihuacan, pyramids and 3-levels of Cosmos, calendar, math, simple technology
Inca (clan and ayllu, mit’a system for labor, roads, bridges, huge empire w. strong military, Cuzco city with hostages, khipu
EUROPE Fall of Rome: Feudalism/Dark Ages/Middle Ages Catholic Church & Pope: monasticism Christian Europe concerned about Islam:
crusades Pope vs. King – as Europe moves out of Middle
Ages, King becomes more powerful (investiture controversy)
Black Plague…brought from Mongol fighters in Italy benefits???....leads to RENAISSANCE
RUSSIA BEFORE: Kievian society and
Orthodox MONGOLS (1200): Golden Horde
Took the resources, devastates Kiev tax farming Alexander Nevskii saves Moscow Moscow becomes center Women in Mongol society?
AFRICA Islam introduced into Africa –
trade/peace…Great Zimbabwe, Swahili, Kilwa – SOUTHERNIZATION and trade
Ethiopia stays Christian Mali Empire and Mansa Musa Timbuktu Travellers: Ibn Battuta
INDIA Only violent Islam conquerers in India DELHI SULTANATE:
Violent, destroyed Hindu temples, people Raziya (women) Compare women to Buddhist Empress in
China of Wu Zhao during Tang Trading cities of Calicut, Malabar Coast Dhow
CHANGES IN EUROPE: 1450 Renaissance Printing Press Fall of Constantinople: Ottoman New art/architecture Explorers (Dias, da Gama, Columbus) New World (Cortes, Pizzaro Spain/Portugal & Treaty of Tordesillas
Questions we will focus on: Was there a world economic
network? How did gender roles change? How can material culture and urban
history help us to understand early societies?
Examples of continuity? Change? Think about patterns and trends:
demographics, social, technological
IDEAS TO CONSIDER What is “southernization”? How
did it change trade from the classical period and who were the important players on the scene?
How did southernization lead to westernization and what are the significant differences between them?
PEOPLE TO KNOW… Vladimir I Ghengis Khan Ogodei Khubilai Ibn Battata Alexander Nevskii Zheng He Rashid al-Din