Chapter 3

The Work of Speaking and Listening

Vocal Production We make a vast variety of amazing sounds;

form giggles to growns; talking to singing; even yawns, whistles, and screams.

How do we make all of those sounds? The more we know about how, the better we

can control the way we produce sounds.

Beatbox Examples

Video 1 - MIBVideo 2 - Amazing

Video 3 - FelixVideo 4 – Girl

Video 5 – Must See

Steps of Vocal Production Breath and Sound

Breath Control Diaphragm, Trachea, Lungs Demonstration Video-Breathing

Sound Production Larnyx, Vocal Cords, Glottis and Epiglottis

Larnyx controls pitch Video-Speech and Voice

Steps of Vocal Production Resonance

Sound produced by vocal cords moves upward in the throat to resonating chamber. Like echoes in a cave.

Pharnyx - muscle between mouth and nasal cavities Video – 5th Element

Steps of Vocal Production Articulation

The way our mouths form words Articluators – tongue, teeth, jaw, hard and soft palate,

and lips Video 1- Speech, Voice, Fluency Video 2 - Wabbits Video 3-Art of speech

Journal Response List, Define, and Describe the Steps of Vocal

Production in your Speech Journal.

The Listening Process What distinguishes listening from hearing? The Four-step Process to Listening…

Receiving Interpreting Evaluating Responding

Recently, in many universities and speech texts, the elements have been revised or reffered to as a five-step process– Hearing, Attending, Understanding, Responding, and

Remembering.

Receiving Hearing is only the first step! This is the physical parts, hearing with your

ears and seeing with your eyes.

Interpreting Thinking process…

Influences… Previous Experiences Background Knowledge

Evaluating Thinking process

Make Connections Gain Understanding

Make decisions on understanding Have enough information Need more information

Responding Verbal and or Nonverbal Acknowledging message received and understood. Listening Responses

Questioning Paraphrasing Advising Judging Analyzing Supporting Prompting Video

Video Example 1 (etrade) Video Example 2 (geico)

Journal Response Describe the listening process and include

examples.

Types of Listening Informative Empathic Critical Creative

Each type requires effort and awareness.

Informative Listening Gathering information

Examples: School (note-taking) Taking phone messages Recipes Directions Media – weather, politics, news Demonstrations (how to do something)

Empathic Listening Listening to another’s feelings.

Listening to someone’s problems Sharing concern Showing sympathy Express caring

Critical Listening Examining information Choosing a side Making a stand Requires separating fact from opinion

Creative Listening Using your imagination as you interpret the

message. Creating pictures in your mind (visuallizing)

the message as you listen.

Journal Response Describe a scenario, an experience, for each

of the four types of listening.

Barriers to Listening Three major barriers to listening:

External Barriers Speaker Barriers Self-Barriers

Does not include hearing-impairments.

External Barriers Situations in the environment that keep you

from paying careful attention to the speaker.

Distractions

Can you think of some examples?

Speaker Barriers Characteristics of the speaker that interfere

with listening.

Appearance, Mannerisms Prejudices Believability

Can you think of some examples?

Self-Barriers Personal attitudes or behaviors that interfere with

listening. Internal Distractions

Thoughts Feelings Physical state

Lack of Knowledge Personal Prejudices Desire to Talk Can you think of some examples?

Barriers Observation Watch this clip from the movie, “A Few Good

Men” then discuss and describe in your journals, some barriers to good listening that are exhibited.

Guidelines for Good Listening

Watch for nonverbal clues. Try to see things from the speaker’s point of view. Avoid Distractions. Listen for the new and unusual. Listen for repetition. Get prepared. Respond (appropriately) to speaker. Apply the ideas to yourself. Listen for structure. Review and preview points.

Journal Response How will you apply the guidelines of good

listening in your life.

Chapter Summary & Review

Pages 68-69 Think about it - #1-5 Put it in writing - #1