The Wonderful world of The Wonderful world of Memory Memory

Making Remembering EasierMaking Remembering Easier

DoH!

3 Memory Improvement 3 Memory Improvement TechniquesTechniques

The 3 examples of improving your memory The 3 examples of improving your memory are:are:

Narrative StoriesNarrative StoriesMnemonicsMnemonicsKeywords (Filling in the blanks)Keywords (Filling in the blanks)

How do you use them?How do you use them?

Well that is what me Well that is what me and my colleague and my colleague are going to explain!are going to explain!

Multi-Store Model (MSM)Multi-Store Model (MSM)

Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) created the MSM.Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) created the MSM. Their model suggests that memory consists Their model suggests that memory consists

of 3 stores:of 3 stores:

Sensory Store

Short – term store (STM)

Long– term store (LTM)

One good way of remembering the One good way of remembering the order of the MSM Model is by a order of the MSM Model is by a Narrative StoryNarrative Story for e.g. your story for e.g. your story could be something like this:could be something like this:

How can I remember the How can I remember the MSM Model?MSM Model?

The Date by Elizabeth OlofeThe Date by Elizabeth Olofe

I I knew this guy called Dalton who went out with a knew this guy called Dalton who went out with a Multi - Store Multi - Store ModelModel..

On the 1On the 1stst date they went to a date they went to a Sensory Store Sensory Store it smelt amazing. it smelt amazing.

On the 2On the 2ndnd date they visited a hotel but it was only for a date they visited a hotel but it was only for a Short Term. Short Term.

They enjoyed it so much, they kept going until they decided to book They enjoyed it so much, they kept going until they decided to book it for a it for a Long Term Long Term stay.stay.

Working Memory Model (WMM)Working Memory Model (WMM)

Baddeley & Hitch developed the WMM (1974)Baddeley & Hitch developed the WMM (1974) Their model proposed that STM is made up of several Their model proposed that STM is made up of several

different stores. different stores.

Articulatory Phonological loopArticulatory Phonological loop

Central ExecutiveCentral Executive

Rehearsal

Visuo – Spatial SketchpadVisuo – Spatial Sketchpad

Rehearsal

Too much to take in?... We thought so

MnemonicsMnemonics is a great way of learning and is a great way of learning and memorising something’s order. memorising something’s order.

This is how it could be applied to the WMM:This is how it could be applied to the WMM:

Articulatory Phonological loopArticulatory Phonological loop

Central ExecutiveCentral Executive

Visuo – Spatial SketchpadVisuo – Spatial Sketchpad

Rehearsal

Rehearsal

Always Phoning Lou-Lou

Creating Excitement

Very Spacious Swimming Pool

Cognitive InterviewCognitive Interview Geiselman et al (1986) studied Geiselman et al (1986) studied

the effect of the Cognitive the effect of the Cognitive InterviewInterview

The Cognitive interview tries The Cognitive interview tries to increase the accuracy of to increase the accuracy of witnesses’ recall of events witnesses’ recall of events during police questioning.during police questioning.

Filling in the BlanksFilling in the BlanksWhen trying to remember When trying to remember

anything important it’s always anything important it’s always good to try and note down the good to try and note down the keywords.keywords.

Something similar like this:Something similar like this:

Here’s what basically happens in Here’s what basically happens in Cognitive interviews:Cognitive interviews:

1.1. The interviewer tries to make the witnessThe interviewer tries to make the witness ___________ ___________

2.2. Recreate the Recreate the __________ __________ of the original of the original ___________.___________.

3.3. The witness reports The witness reports ________ ________ detail as clearly as they can about detail as clearly as they can about the crime. the crime.

4.4. The witness recalls events in different The witness recalls events in different _________._________.

5.5. The witness is asked to recall the event from various different The witness is asked to recall the event from various different __________________________________ e.g. from the eyes of other e.g. from the eyes of other ____________.____________.

ORDERS, WITNESSES, INCIDENT, PERSPECTIVES, RELAXED, CONTEXT, EVERY

RELAXEDRELAXED

CONTEXTCONTEXT INCIDENTINCIDENT

EVERYEVERY

ORDERSORDERS

PERSPECTIVESPERSPECTIVES WITNESSESWITNESSES