the western uas conference · pdf filethe ku vs. ka debate ... have more than 750,000 flight...

The Western UAS Conference http://www.ttcus.com

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SATCOM for UAS to Allow for Transmission of BLOS ISR DataTransmission of BLOS ISR Data

Rick LoberRick LoberVP/GM

Defense [email protected]

(301) 428-2712( )

10 September 2014

Agenda

Hughes Intro Why BLOS for ISR?y Today’s Requirements VSAT or “Mobilsat” Typical hardware and systems Typical hardware and systems Technical Challenges in Airborne BLOS Systems Advanced Technology Efforts in FMV BLOS The Ku vs. Ka debate WGS interoperability Winning the throughput battleg g p

HUGHES PROPRIETARY3

Hughes Today – a leader in SATCOM

4th largest satellite owner/operator in the world

World Leader in Global Managed Services - Satellite, Terrestrial, Cloud

End to end systems and solutions for data transport - VSAT and Mobilsat

HUGHES PROPRIETARY4

Hughes in Airborne Networking

Technology provider to ROW44, a broadband IP service provider to commercial airlines.

Have more than 750,000 flight hours on our system with 350 aircraft fully outfitted with broadband connection.

Leveraging this technology for DoD use – multiple contracts to g g gy pdate, numerous trials underway.

Have demonstrated 30 Mbps in/>3 Mbps out from aircraft using low-profile wide-body fuselage mount antenna on Boeing using low profile wide body fuselage mount antenna on Boeing 737 using a Net based, multiple access waveform.

Same waveform supports airborne, land mobile, and maritime.

Moving to 45 Mbps rates out of aircraft

Developing advanced waveforms for higher speed, rotary wing and small UAV applications – demonstrated 10 Mbps thru rotor

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

pp pblades

Commercial Airborne COTM Terminal Solutions

Tecom

Rantec Ku 11.5” & 18”

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

Hughes Airborne BLOS SATCOM Solutions –Driven by Customers Requirements

Airborne solutions based on HX System technology developed in the last 4 years.

Southwest Airlines and Norwegian Airlines offering airline passengers true broadband connectivity

– The system allows full internet access, VoIP services, cell phone roaming and live television using IPTV

Southwest Airlines State Department

g

Military Fixed Wing BLOS SATCOM applications

Modular approach to terminal and system solutionCoalition Partner Indian Navy

Development of specialized waveforms (SCMA, LPI/AJ, rotary wing applications)

Open standards based WGS Certified

Coalition Partner Indian Navy

Global strategic alliances for Global Networks (YAHSAT, Avanti, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Eutelsat , etc.)

Network Management Solutions – QoS, B d idth Effi i i t

Bell 407 Flight Test KMAX BLOS Testing

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

Bandwidth Efficiencies, etc. Provider of end-to-end SATCOM solutions

V-22 BLOS Testing GA Predator XP BLOS Discussions

Why BLOS for Airborne ISR?

Typical air to ground links limited by range - ~150 miles Typical air to ground links are line of sight (LOS)yp g g ( )

– Issue in Mountainous regions such as Afghanistan

Certain flight patterns and operations can result in longer stand off ranges and lower altitudessta d o a ges a d o e a t tudes– LOS blockage becomes more likely

BLOS currently in use on higher flying and longer range UAS BLOS currently in use on higher flying and longer range UAS BLOS demand increasing for many other ISR platforms

including rotary wing along with various unattended sensors.

HUGHES PROPRIETARY8

Today’s Defense SATCOM Airborne Networking Requirementsg q

Sufficient uplink bandwidth to transmit Full Motion Video and more

Global coverage with seamless regional transition – currently Ku band moving to Ka band commercial/military Ka desiredband moving to Ka band – commercial/military Ka desired

Maintaining IP connectivity back to GIG - BLOS…

Provide TRANSEC and COMSEC capability

Centralized Network Management System with visibility to all nodes on the network

End-to-end QoS across global network – Bandwidth Efficiency End-to-end QoS across global network – Bandwidth Efficiency

Low jitter and latency for VTC, VoIP and Video

Minimal impact of equipment to aircraft flight dynamics. Requires low profile and ultra small aperture antennas

Interoperability with Land and Maritime Systems in and outside the same AOR at waveform and IP level

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

Today’s COTS Satcom Solutions meet many of these requirements

“VSAT or Mobilsat”

“Mobilsat” (MSS)– Typically L or S band systems– Iridium, Inmarsat, Thuraya, Globalstar– Cellular like operation - SIM card with good global coverage– Small antenna size– Throughput limited to 500 kbps– Very expensive airtime – can reach $20/minute for streaming– In use of some platforms (C2 or still) and with certain sensorsp ( )

“VSAT” - Very Small Aperture Terminals– Evolved from FSS – Fixed Satellite Services but mobility now added– C, Ku, Ka, X band operationC, Ku, Ka, X band operation– Requires network provisioning of bandwidth– Very high throughput – 100s of Mbps– About 10% of the cost to operate for airtime

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

About 10% of the cost to operate for airtime– Larger antenna size– In use on larger UAS – moving to smaller UAS

10

TYPICAL VSAT SYSTEMS:TYPICAL VSAT SYSTEMS:- SCPC

/- MF/TDMA

HUGHES PROPRIETARY11

Typical Shared TDMA SATCOM NetworkPrimary Focus for Hughes Products and Services

Provide Broadband IP via Satellite

Consumer

Provide Broadband IP via Satellite

DVB-S2ACM

ConsumerInternet

BroadbandIP Access

CorporateIntranet

INTERNETor

INTRANETor

MPLS

Branch OfficeConnectivity

BroadbandIP Access

orFRAME RELAY

MultimediaBroadbandIP Access

Telephony andKiosk ServiceMPLS Access

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

Why Shared TDMA versus SCPC

The SCPC Way – used on many current platformsEach Remote Gets A

FIXED Pipe Of Bandwidth

Transponder Bandwidth256 Kbps

No More and No Less

Wh SCPC M N t B Ri htWhy SCPC May Not Be Right;• Not all terminals are active 100% of time – but SCPC prevents reuse of capacity• If a terminal needs more bandwidth – Not possible

Th HX TDMA WThe HX TDMA WayUse bigger inbound

channelsAnd share the

bandwidth across lti l t

Dynamically allocate the bandwidth where it is

needed

Transponder Bandwidthmultiple remote terminals

Why TDMA May Be Better;• Bandwidth can be guaranteed per terminal

• Min CIR – always allocatedAn TDMA Operator can either• Lower its operating cost/price or

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

• Min CIR – always allocated• If a terminal needs more bandwidth – Can Do

o e ts ope at g cost/p ce o• Provide better service

Next Generation Aero Wideband SATCOM Waveform AttributesSATCOM Waveform Attributes

KEY Features: Forward Link: DVB-S2 TDM / Return Link: MF-

TDMA or SCPCTDMA or SCPC

State of the art coding technology improves bandwidth efficiency 4x compared to today’s UAS BLOS systems deployed

Operation over any SHF satcom and US DoD WGS: p yKu, X, Ka

Bi-Directional Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) - vast improvement over older CDL systems

Star or Star/Mesh Architecture

Gateway/Hub Provides all Network Station and Control Functions

EoIP: Secure Tactical Video, Data, Voice-over-IP

Multiple QoS Priority Levels - from CBR to Dynamic p Q y yBandwidth

Data Rates: – Up to 150 Mbps Ground to Air

– 20-50 Mbps Air to Ground

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

SECURITY: – FIPS 140-2 Compliant (Federal Information Processing

Standard Publication 140-2) TRANSEC

AIRBORNE BLOS ISR AIRBORNE BLOS ISR SATCOM LINKS:

TECHNICAL CHALLENGESTECHNICAL CHALLENGES

HUGHES PROPRIETARY15H00000 9/16/2014

Special Consideration for Airborne

Video Compression Doppler Compensationpp p Certifications and Spreading Beam and Satellite Switching Latency issues and “double hops” Latency issues and double hops Antenna Considerations Rotary Wing and small UAV applications

Given the 44,000 mile round trip distance and the use of a satellite for relay the problem becomes more complex than typical LOS links

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

Required Data Rates and Video CompressionCompression

Just how high a data rate is required for FMV??? Hughes has worked with the various COTS suppliers Hughes has worked with the various COTS suppliers

– Key issue for advancement as satellite BW is limited

Resolution vs. Motion vs. LatencyMotion JPEG at 250 Mbps identical to uncompressed source– Motion JPEG at 250 Mbps – identical to uncompressed source

– HD 4K (Ultra) with latest compression – 20 Mbps– HD 1080P at 30 fps requires 8-10 Mbps (H.264/H.265)

HD at 720P at 30 fps looks good at 2 3 Mbps– HD at 720P at 30 fps – looks good at 2-3 Mbps– SD at 480i at 30 fps – looks good at 1 Mbps, great at 2.5 Mbps

Standards – desire digital in and out – move from RS-170… Sensors are generating more and more data…

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

Doppler Compensation Required for Reliable on-the-move Transmission

DƒDoppler Compensation

Terminal calculates doppler based on navigation data inputs

Doppler Compensation Terminal calculates doppler based on

navigation data inputs

Gradual Change

Abrupt ChangeDue to Beam

switch

navigation data inputs Terminal dynamically applies doppler

compensation on transmit carriers Gateway supports maximum burst to

burst frequency change window of +/-

navigation data inputs Terminal dynamically applies doppler

compensation on transmit carriers Gateway supports maximum burst to

burst frequency change window of +/-

Time

Actual Transmit Doppler on East/West Flight

Gradual ChangeDue to

East/West Motion

q y g /2.5 KHz

Carriers then fall accurately within hub receive window

q y g /2.5 KHz

Carriers then fall accurately within hub receive window

Bursts Without Doppler

Mobile Hub Receive Window

Bursts withHigh-Speed

Doppler

Bursts withHigh-Speed

Doppler

Blockage Recovery Terminal will “flywheel” during

t t t l b f

Blockage Recovery Terminal will “flywheel” during

t t t l b f

Bursts Without Doppler

Bursts withTerminalDoppler

Compensation

Bursts withTerminalDoppler

Compensation

momentary outroute loss before declaring loss of outroute lock

Terminal requires external 10 MHz clock for the transmit chain allowing using of high stability reference that eliminates

momentary outroute loss before declaring loss of outroute lock

Terminal requires external 10 MHz clock for the transmit chain allowing using of high stability reference that eliminates

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

Mobile Hub Receive Window

high stability reference that eliminates FLL settle period on recovery.high stability reference that eliminates FLL settle period on recovery.

FCC/ITU Issues and “Spreading”

Smaller antenna illuminate more satellites Potential adjacent satellite interference (ASI) issuej ( ) FCC/ITU and DoD has worked with industry to set limits

– Power spectral density mask In CDMA systems spreading is inherent In CDMA systems spreading is inherent

– Spread by 32 or 64 – takes most of transponder– Can be BW inefficient for smaller number of users

In TDMA systems, spreading is added in order to meet FCC requirements but minimize transponder use – Spread by 2 to 4– Supports multiple users

Various Forward Error Correction Coding used to improve link quality or bandwidth efficiency

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

q y y– Independent of spreading

Adjacent Satellite Interference

• Mobile environment requires small aperture antennas to save weight and space

• Spreading reduces peak carrier power and therefore also reduces ASI

• HX has carrier spread and space• Smaller aperture antennas

can introduce ASI issues

HX has carrier spread rates from 2 to 8 times

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

Beam Switching

• Mobile terminals need to switch satellite beams• Low profile antennas • Low profile antennas

may have skew angle limitations requiring switching within t d d t llit standard satellite

regions• Other types of

terminals will need to terminals will need to switch when transitioning between regions

• Highly desirable to maintain TCP connections across switches

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

switches

Antenna Considerations

Primary Locations– Fuselage

Tail– Tail

Primary Types– Parabolic Dish (12-18”)

L P fil ti l ESA– Low Profile, partial ESA

HPA– Typical 25 to 40W to close link

Nav Interface– GPS required for pointing

Coverage Issuesg– Polarization skew angle– Issue near equator for 2 axis

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

UAS BLOS COMMS UAS BLOS COMMS TECHNOLOGY FOCUS

AREAS


UAS Satcom BLOS Technology Development Focus Areasp

Rotor Wing UAS BLOS links for systems mounted under the blades

Higher Throughput ISR links for Fixed Wing UAS Ultrasmall Satcom terminals for small UAS

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT BLOS SATCOM LINKS OVERVIEW


Hughes Helicopter BLOS Experience

Hughes is developing solutions for Beyond-Line-of-Sight (BLOS) communications for Airborne platforms

Use an enhanced version of its DVB-S2/MF-TDMA HX System as the baseline for a specialized satellite waveform to be used on Fixed and Rotary Wing aircraft

Solution achieves 2-10 Mbps throughput through the rotor blades using 12-18” Airborne terminal

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

Techniques to Overcome Rotor Blade BlockageBlockage

Conventional Rotor Blade Loss compensation TechniquesTo counter blade attenuation increase power by appropriate amount or – To counter blade attenuation, increase power by appropriate amount, or reduce data throughput by a factor of 3-4. ▪ Adversely impact SWAP

– Not transmitting through the blade R i h i ti ith th bl d l ibl f t li k▪ Requires synchronization with the blade, only possible for return link

▪ Requires waveform design that is suitable for short burst transmission and rapid acquisition ▪ Synchronization may be sensitive to the dynamics of the platform movement

– Repeated Transmission▪ Additional bandwidth▪ Additional bandwidth▪ Latency jitter

Error Correction Coding Enhancements– Do not require synchronization with the blades– Do not require extra power to overcome the blade loss– Require dedication of some extra bandwidth over the blade blockage to

account for coding overhead

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

Rotary Wing ISR Link Test - Bell 407

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

FIXED WING UAS HIGH FIXED WING UAS HIGH THROUGHPUT BLOS ISR LINK


High Throughput ISR BLOS links at > 50 Mbpsp Shared Forward Link to all

UAS on satellite footprint Full duplex DVB-S2 – LDPC Full duplex DVB S2 LDPC

Coding – more than 4 dB improvement over today’s UAS Satcom links

Up to 121 Mbps return throughput

Low jitter and latency Managed network Full IP Router functionality Conditional Access / Bi-

di ti l tidirectional encryption All DVB-S2 MODCODS

Supported

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

ULTRASMALL UAS BLOS ULTRASMALL UAS BLOS LINK WAVEFORM


MICROSAT – Micro UAS BLOS Comms Waveform and TerminalsWaveform and Terminals

Microsat is extremely versatile, adaptable to use with wide range of antenna sizes and satellite resources

Throughputs up to 1.5 Mbps symmetric using ultrasmall terminals

Excellent alternative to expensive L-Band MSS systems such as Inmarsat BGANsystems such as Inmarsat BGAN

The Low-spectral density burst modem utilize a Hughes unique waveform that includes very low rate FEC codes

Microsat modem operates significantly below total noise plus interference floor, and therefore provides baseline level of interference immunity ~

Additional Spreading feature designed to operate with extra small transmit antenna to meet U.S. and International off-axis emission density regulations

180mm

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

y g Provides BLOS capability to UAS Platforms with

wing spans less than 30 ft. Operates at approx. 10-15% cost of BGAN

~ 310mm

Sample COTM Antenna implementation

Ai b N t ki Airborne Networking as a Managed Serviceg


Global Satellite Services : > 1 Million Sites

NORTH AMERICAEUROPE

EURO 3

W2AW3A

HISP1C/1DAMC 3

GAL 16GAL 19

GAL 3CGAL 25

GAL 17GAL 28 AMC 9

HOR 2AMC 6 Ka-band

SPACEWAY 3

TURK 2A

INTEL 1R

GAL 18

SATMEX 5

SATMEX 6

AMC 4GAL 16

Ku-band

Ka-bandHYL 1

HOR 1

Ku-bandKa-band

HYL 2

Ku-band

EXT. C-band

NSS-12

JUPITERKa-band

HTS

Potential Hughes Subscribers

SOUTH AMERICA

INDIAINTEL 901

GAL 28

INTEL 9

Ku band

NSS-11

INSAT 3A

INSAT 3A

Ka-bandSPACEWAY® 3 650,000

Ka-bandHTS

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

SOUTH AMERICA HTSS C 3 650,000Hylas 1 & 2 1 MillionJupiter™ 1.5 – 2 MillionLatin America/Asia/Other

Global Ku-band Aero Network Rollout

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

Ka Satellite Coverage

Ka-Band Satellite Coverage exist in many parts of the world and is expanding – including MIL band– ViaSat and Hughes – CONUS (commercial band)– Inmarsat 5 – Global Coverage– Jabiru (Newsat) Ka-Band Satellite Program – Global Coverage– Yahsat 1 & 2 – Middle East and Africa– Hylas 1 & 2 - Europe and Africa– WGS – Global Coverage – Extensive Ka Coverage in North America

Ka Satellites have higher G/T (higher power) and can achieve g / ( g p )equivalent data rates as Ku with smaller terminal apertures

Most Ka Satellites have regional coverage (lower G/T) and

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

Most Ka Satellites have regional coverage (lower G/T) and moveable high power spot beams

The Ka/Ku Debate…

Advantages of Ka Band“New” capacity to high demand regions– New capacity to high demand regions

– Range of multi-spot, regional and steerable beams– Flexible payloads to meet evolving customer demands– Less congested than Ku- and C-band – in space alsoLess congested than Ku and C band in space also…– Allows for Higher bandwidths and speeds– Larger transponders– Smaller end-user antennas– More efficient support of high bandwidth applications

Ku enhancements also underway – Intelsat EPIC Ka Challengesa C a e ges

– More susceptible to rain feed – but design into link margin…– Commercial and Mil Ka slightly different frequencies– More spot beams means more hand-off

HUGHES PROPRIETARY

p– WGS coordination– Ideal Case: Ku/Ka/Ka MIL and WGS in seamless network

Winning the throughput battle

Bandwidth Drivers– Higher quality FMV sensors and new sensors– More UAS and FMV– Video on demand anywhere, anytime

Required technology Enhancements– Improved satellite modems and network management – available

▪ Likely factor of 2-4 improvement in BW utilization (or rate or antenna)y p ( )

– Mature Ka band networks – 2013-2015– Beam to beam and satellite to satellite seamless handover– Improved video compression codecs - evolvingp p g– On board processing– Secure links – ISR and C2 – in work


10 Mbps Video thru Rotor Blades


Contact Information

Rick LoberVP/GM, Defense and Intelligence Systems DivisionHughes Network SystemsGermantown, MD

Rick Lober@Hughes [email protected]

858-774-5705


the western uas conference · pdf filethe ku vs. ka debate ... have more than 750,000 flight...

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