the welsh triads

8/13/2019 The Welsh Triads

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The Welsh TriadsLlyfr Coch Hergest

Col. 588--600

The following are the Welsh Triads as recorded in the Red Book of Hergest, ca. 1425. It is a fairly complete version, though

differing in order (and much expanded) from the earlier Peniarth 45 version. Unlike Rachel Bromwich's book,Trioedd YnysPrydein, I am presenting them in the order in which they appear in the manuscript (Jesus MS 111), as I am no focusing onseveral collections, but only one. My resource in this is John Rhys' and J. Gwenogyrvan Evan's facimilie of the Red Book'sRomances,The Text of the Mabinogion and Other Welsh Tales(1887), which has the triads in an appendix. Thered initials are indicated in the text, and I have not deviated, even when it seems to be a laps on the part of the scribe.

Three Men Who Received The Might Of Adam:Hercules the Strong, and Hector the Strong, and Samson the Strong. They were,all three, as strong as Adam himself.

Three Men Who Received the Beauty of Adam:

Absalom son of David; Jason son of Aeson; Paris son of Priam. They were, allthree, as comely as Adam himself.

Three Men Who Received the Wisdom of Adam:Cato the Old, and Bede, and Siblo the Wise. They were, all three, as wise as

Adam himself.

Three Women Who Received The Beauty Of Eve in three third-shares:Diadema, mistress of Aeneas White-Shield, and Elen the Magnificent, the

woman on whose account was the destruction of Troy, and Polixena, daughter

of Priam the Old, king of Troy.

When a Host went to Llychlyn.

An army (of assistance) went with Yrp of the Hosts to Llychlyn. And that mancame here in the time of Cadyal of the Blows(?) to ask for a levy from this Island.

And nobody came with him but Mathuthavar his servant. This is what he asked

from the ten-and-twenty Chief Fortresses that there are in this Island: that twiceas many men as went with him to each of them should come away with him(from it). And to the first Fortress there came only himself and his servant. (Andthat proved grievous to the men of this Island.) And they granted it to him.Andthat was the most complete levy that ever departed from this Island. And withthose men he conquered the way he went.Those men remained in the twoislands close to the Greek sea: namely, Clas and Avena. And the second (army)

went with Elen of the Hosts and Maxen Wledig to Llychlyn: and they neverreturned to this Island. And the third (army) went with Caswallawn son of Beli,and Gwennwynwyn and Gwanar, sons of Lliaw son of Nwyfre, and Arianrhod

daughter of Beli their mother. And (it was) from Erch and Heledd that thosemen came. And they went with Caswallawn their uncle in pursuit of the men of


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Caesar from this Island.The place where those men are is in Gascony.Thenumber that went with each of (those armies) was twenty-one thousand men.

And those were the Three Silver Hosts of the Island of Britain. ThreeDishonoured Men who were in the Island of Britain: One of them: Afarwy sonof Lludd son of Beli. He first summonedJulius Caesar and the men of Rome tothis Island, and he caused the payment of three thousand pounds in money astribute from this Island every year, because of a quarrel with Caswallawn hisuncle. And the second is Gwrtheyrn [Vortigern] the Thin, who first gave land tothe Saxons in this Island, and was the first to enter into an alliance with them. Hecaused the death of Custennin the Younger, son of Custennin the Blessed, by histreachery, and exiled the two brothers Emrys Wledig and Uthur Penndragonfrom this Island to Armorica, and deceitfully took the crown and the kingdominto his own possession. And in the end Uthur and Emrys burned Gwrtheyrn inCastell Gwerthrynyawn beside the Wye, in a single conflagration to avenge their

brother.The third and worst was Medrawd, when Arthur left with him thegovernment of the Island of Britain, at the same time when he himself wentacross the sea to oppose Lles [Lucius], emperor of Rome, who had dispatchedmessengers to Arthur in Caerleon to demand (payment of) tribute to him and tothe men of Rome, from this Island, in the measure that it had been paid (fromthe time of) Caswallawn son of Beli until the time of Custennin the Blessed,

Arthur's grandfather.This is the answer that Arthur gave to the emperor'smessengers: that the men of Rome had no greater claim to tribute from the menof this Island, than the men of the Island of Britain had from them. For Branson of Dyfnwal and Custennin son of Elen had been emperors in Rome, and

they were two men of this Island.And they Arthur mustered the most selectwarriors of his kingdom (and led them) across the sea against the emperor. Andthey met beyond the mountain of Mynneu [the Alps], and an untold number wasslain on each side that day.And in the end Arthur encountered the emperor, and

Arthur slew him. And Arthur's best men were slain there. When Medrawd heardthat Arthur's host was dispersed, he turned against Arthur, and the Saxons andthe Picts and the Scots united with him to hold this Island against Arthur.And

when Arthur heard that, he turned back with all that had survived of his army,and succeeded by violence in landing on this Island in opposition toMedrawd.And then there took place the Battle of Camlan between Arthur and

Medrawd, and was himself wounded to death. And from that (wound) he died,and was buried in a hall on the Island of Afallach.

Here Begin the Noble Triads

Three Exalted Prisoners of the Island of Britain:Llyr Half-Speech, who was imprisoned by Euroswydd, and the second, Mabon

son of Modron, and third, Gwair son of Geirioedd. And one (Prisoner), whowas more exalted than the three of them. This Exalted Prisoner was Arthur. And


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it was the same lad who released him from each of these three prisons- Goreu,son of Custennin, his cousin.

Three Fair Princes of the Island of Britain:Owain son of Urien, Rhun son of Maelgwn, Rhufawn the Radiant son ofDewrarth Wledig.

Three Frivolous Bards of the Island of Britain:Arthur, and Cadwallawn son of Cadfan, and Rahawd son of Morgant.

Three Fortunate Concealments of the Island of Britain:The Head of Bran the Blessed, son of Llyr, which was concealed in the WhiteHill in London, with its face towards France. And as long as it was in theposition in which it was put there, no Saxon Oppression would ever come to this

Island;The second Fortunate Concealment:The Dragons in Dinas Emrys, whichLludd son of Beli concealed; And the third: the Bones of Gwerthefyr theBlessed, in the Chief Ports of this Island. And as long as they remained in thatconcealment, no Saxon Oppression would ever come to this Island. And they

were the Three Unfortunate Disclosures when these were disclosed. AndGwrtheyrn the Thin disclosed the bones of Gwerthefyr the Blessed for the loveof a woman.That was Ronnwen the pagan woman; And it was he who disclosedthe Dragons;And Arthur disclosed the Head of Bran the Blessed from the

White Hill, because it did not seem right to him that this Island should bedefended by the strength of anyone, but by his own.

Three Horses who carried the Three Horse-Burdens:Black Moro, horse of Elidir Mwynfawr, who carried on his back seven and a halfpeople from Penllech in the North to Penllech in Mn.These were the sevenpeople: Elidir Mwynfawr, and Eurgain his wife, daughter of Maelgwn Gwynedd,and Gwyn Good Companion, and Gwyn Good Distributor, and MynachNaomon his counsellor, and Prydelaw the Cupbearer, his butler, and Silver Staffhis servant, and Gelbeinevin his cook, who swam with his two hands to thehorse's crupper - and that was the half-person. Corvan, horse of the sons ofEliffer, bore the second Horse-Burden: he carried on his back Gwrgi and

Peredur and Dunawd the Stout and Cynfelyn the Leprous(?), to look upon thebattle-fog of (the host of) Gwenddolau (in) Ar(f)derydd. And no one overtookhim but Dinogad son of Cynan Garwyn, (riding) upon Swift Roan, and he woncensure and dishonour from then till this day. Heith, horse of the sons ofGwerthmwl Wledig, bore the third Horse-Burden: he carried Gweir and Gleisand Archanad up the hill of Maelawr in Ceredigion to avenge their father.

Three Roving Fleets of the Island of Britain:The Fleet of Llawr son of Eiryf, and the Fleet of Divwng son of Alan, and theFleet of Solor son of Murthach.

Three Harmful Blows of the Island of Britain:


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The first of them Matholwch the Irishman struck upon Branwen daughter ofLlyr; The second Gwenhwyfach struck upon Gwenhwyfar: and for that causethere took place afterwards the Action of the Battle of Camlan; And the thirdGolydan the Poet struck upon Cadwaladr the Blessed.

Three Unrestrained Ravagings of the Island of Britain:The first of them when Medrawd came to Arthur's Court at Celliwig in Cornwall;he left neither food nor drink in the court that he did not consume. And hedragged Gwenhwyfar from her royal chair, and then he struck a blow uponher;The second Unrestrained Ravaging when Arthur came to Medrawd's court.He left neither food nor drink in the court; And the third Unrestrained Ravaging

when Aeddan the Wily came to the court of Rhydderch the Generous at Alclud[Dumbarton]; he left neither food nor drink nor beast alive.

Three Quests that were obtained from Powys:The first of them is the fetching of Myngan from Meigen to Llansilin, by nine thenext morning, to receive privileges from Cadwallawn the Blessed, after theslaying of Ieuaf and Griffri; The second is the fetching of Griffri to Bryn Griffribefore the following morning, to attack Edwin; The third is the fetching ofHywel son of Ieuaf to Ceredigiawn from the Rock of Gwynedd to fight with (onthe side of?) Ieuaf and Iago in that battle.

These Are the Noble Triads:

Three Great Queens of Arthur:Gwennhwyfar daughter of Cywryd Gwent, and Gwenhwyfar daughter ofGwythyr son of Greidiawl, and Gwenhwyfar daughter of Gogfran the Giant.

Three Amazons of the Island of Britain:The first of them, Llewei daughter of Seitwed, and Rore(i) daughter of Usber,

and Mederei Badellfawr.Three Noble Retinues of the Island of Britain:

The Retinue of Mynyddawg at Catraeth, and the Retinue of Dreon the Brave atthe Dyke of Ar(f)dery(dd), and the third, the Retinue of Belyn of Llyn (in)Erethlyn in Rhos.

Three Great Enchantments of the Island of Britain:The Enchantment of Math son of Mathonwy which he taught to Gwydion sonof Dn, and the Enchantment of Uthyr Pendragon which he taught to Menw

son of Teirgwaedd, and the Enchantment of Rudlwm the Dwarf which he taughtto Coll son of Collfrewy his nephew.


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Three Chief Officers of the Island of Britain:Gwydar son of Rhun song of Beli; and Cawrdaf son of Caradawg; and Owainson of Maxen Wledig.

Three Well-Endowed Men of the Island of Britain:Rhiwallawn Broom-hair, and Gwal(chmai) son of Gwyar, and Llachau son of

Arthur.

Three Unfortunate Counsels of the Island of Britain:To give place for their horses' fore-feet on the land to Julius Caesar and the menof Rome, in requital for Meinlas; and the second: to allow Horsa and Hengistand Rhonwen into this Island; and the third: the three-fold dividing by Arthur ofhis men with Medrawd at Camlan.

Three Diademed Men of the Island of Britain:Gweir son of Gwystyl, and Cei son of Cynyr, and Drystan son of Tallwch.

Three Red Ravagers of the Island of Britain:Rhun son of Beli, and Lleu Skilful Hand, and Morgant the Wealthy. But there

was one who was a Red Ravager greater than all three: Arthur was his name. Fora year neither grass nor plants used to spring up where one of the three would

walk; but where Arthur went, not for seven years.

Three Seafarers of the Island of Britain:Geraint son of Erbin, and Gwenwynwyn son of Naf, and March son ofMeirchiawn.

Three Chieftains of Arthur's Court:Gobrwy son of Echel Mighty-Thigh, and Ffleudur Fflam son of Godo, andCaedrieith son of Seidi.

Three Bull-Chieftains of the Island of Britain:Adaon son of Taliesin, and Cynhafal son of Argad, and Elinwy son of Cadegr.

Three Chieftains of Deira and Bernicia, and the Three were Sons of aBard:Gall son of Disgyfdawd, and Ysgafnell son of Disgyfdawd, and Diffydell son ofDisgyfdawd.

These Three performed the Three Fortunate Assassinations:Gall son of Dysgyfdawd who slew the Two Birds of Gwenddolau. And they hada yoke of gold on them. Two corpses of the Cymry they ate for their dinner, andtwo for their supper; And Ysgafnell son of Dysgyfdawd, who slew Edelfled king

of Lloegr; And Diffydell son of Dysgyfdawd who slew Gwrgi Garwlwyd ('RoughGrey'). That Gwrgi used to make a corpse of one of the Cymry every day, and


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two on each Saturday so as not to slay on Sunday.

Three Savage Men of the Island of Britain, who performed the ThreeUnfortunate Assassinations:Llofan Llaw Ddifro who slew Urien son of Cynfarch; Llongad Grwm FargodEidyn who slew Afaon son of Taliesin; and Heiden son of Efengad who slew

Aneirin of Flowing Verse, daughter of Teyrnbeirdd--the man who used to give ahundred kine every Saturday in a bath-tub to Talhaearn. And he struck her with a

woodhatchet on the head. And that was one of the Three Hatchet-Blows. Thesecond (was) a woodcutter of Aberffraw who struck Golydan with a hatchet, onthe head. And the third, one of his own men struck upon Iago, son of Beli, witha hatchet, on the head.

Three Battle-Leaders of the Island of Britain:

Selyf son of Cynan Garrwyn, and Urien son of Cynfarch, and Afaon son ofTaliesin. This is why they were called battle-leaders: because they avenged theirwrongs from their graves. [?]

Three Pillars of Battle of the Island of Britain:Dunawd son of Pabo Pillar of Britain, and Gwallawg son of Lleenawg, andCynfelyn the Leprous.

Three Generous men of the Island of Britain:Nudd the Generous, son of Senyllt, Mordaf the Generous, son of Serwan, and

Rhydderch the Generous, son of Tudwal Tudglyd.Three Brave Men of the Island of Britain:Gruddnei, and Henben, and Edenawg. They would not return from battle excepton their biers. And those were three sons of Gleissiar of the North, byHaearnwedd the Wily their mother.

Three Arrogant Men of the Isle of Britain:Gwibei the Arrogant, and Sawyl High-Chief, and Arnuawn Penyr the Arrogant.

Three Prostrate Chieftains of the Island of Britain:Llywarch the Old son of Elidir Llydanwyn, and Manawydan son of Llyr Half-Speech, and Gwgon Gwron son of Peredur son of Eliffer of the Great Retinue.

And this is why those were called 'Prostrate Chieftains': because they would notseek a dominion, which nobody could deny to them.

Three Enemy-Subduers of the Island of Britain:Greidiawl Enemy-Subduer son of Envael Adrann, and Gweir of Great Valour,and Drystan son of Tallwch.

Three Slaughter-Blocks of the Island of Britain:Gilbert son of Cadgyffro, and Morfran son of Tegid, and Gwgawn Red-Sword.


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Three Gate-Keepers at the Action of Bangor Orchard:Gwgon Red Sword, and Madawg son of Rhun, and Gwiawn son ofCyndrwyn. And three others on the side of Lloegr:Hawystyl the Arrogant, and Gwaetcym Herwuden, and Gwiner.

Three Golden Corpses of the Island of Britain:Madawg son of Brwyn, and Cengan Peilliawg, and Rhu(f)awn the Radiant son ofGwyddno.

Three Fettered War-Bands of the Islands of Britain:The War-Band of Cadwallawn Long-Arm, who each one put the fetters of theirhorses on their (own) feet, when fighting with Serygei the Irishman at theIrishmens' Rocks in Mn; And the second, the War-Band of Rhiwallawn son of

Urien when fighting with the Saxons; And the third, the War-Band of Belyn ofLlyn when fighting with Edwin at Bryn Edwin in Rhos.

Three Faithful War-Bands of the Island of Britain:The War-Band of Cadwallawn, when they were fettered; and the War-Band ofGafran son of Aeddan, at the time of his complete disappearance; and the War-Band of Gwenddolau son of Ceidiaw at Ar(f)derydd, who continued the battlefor a fortnight and a month after their lord was slain. The number of each one ofthe War-Bands was twenty-one hundred men.

Three Faithless War-Bands of the Islands of Britain:The War-Band of Goronwy the Radiant of (Penllyn), who refused to receive thepoisoned spear from Lleu Skilful-Hand on behalf of their lord, at the Stone ofGoronwy at the head of the Cynfal; and the War-Band of Gwrgi and Peredur,

who abandoned their lord at Caer Greu, when they had an appointment to fightthe next day with Eda Great-Knee; and there they were both slain; And the War-Band of Alan Fyrgan, who turned away from him by night, and let him go withhis servants to Camlan. And there he was slain.

Three Fettered Men of the Island of Britain:

Cadwaladr the Blessed, and Rhun son of Maelgwn, and Rhiwallawn Broom-Hair.And this is why those men were called Fettered: because horses could not beobtained that were suited to them, owing to their size; so they put fetters of goldaround the small of their legs, on the cruppers of their horses, behind theirbacks; and two golden plates under their knees, and because of this the knee iscalled 'knee-pan'.)

Three Bull-Spectres of the Island of Britain:Three Spectre of Gwidawl, and the Spectre of Llyr Marini, and the Spectre ofGyrthmwl Wledig.

Three Wild Spectres of the Island of Britain:


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The Spectre of Banawg, and the Spectre of Ednyfedawg the Sprightly, and theSpectre of Melen.

Three Unrestricted Guests of Arthur's Court, and Three Wanderers:Llywarch the Old, and Llemenig, and Heledd.

Three Faithful Women of the Island of Britain:Arddun wife of Cadgor son of Gorolwyn, and Efeilian wife of Gwydyr theHeavy, and Emerchred wife of Mabon son of Dewengan.

Three Red-Speared Bards of the Island of Britain:Dygynnelw, bard of Owain son of Urien, and Arouan Bard Selen son of Cynan,and Afan Ferddig, bard of Cadwallawn son of Cadfan.

Three Exalted Prisoners of the Island of Britain:Llyr Half-Speech, who was imprisoned by Euroswydd, and the second, Mabonson of Modron, and third, Gwair son of Geirioedd. And one (Prisoner), who wasmore exalted than the three of them, was three nights in prison in Caer Oeth and

Anoeth, and three nights imprisoned by Gwen Pendragon, and three nights in anenchanted prison under the Stone of Echymeint. This Exalted Prisoner was

Arthur. And it was the same lad who released him from each of these threeprisons- Goreu, son of Custennin, his cousin.For some reason, the scribe repeats this triad, which was the first after the account of the Host of Llychlyn. Here, though, thetriad is expanded to include the locations of Arthur's imprisonment. Goreu also appears in Culhwch and Olwen as the killer ofYspaddaden Penkawr.

These Are the Triads of the Horses:

Three Bestowed Horses of the Island of Britain:Meinlas [Slender Grey], horse of Caswallawn son of Beli, Melyngan Gamre [Pale

Yellow of the Stud], horse of Lleu Skilful-Hand, and Lluagor [Host-Splitter],horse of Caradawg Strong-Arm.

Three Chief Steeds of the Island of Britain:Tall Black-Tinted, horse of Cynan Garrwyn, and Eager Long Fore-Legs, horse ofCyhored son of Cynan, and Red... Wolf-Tread, horse of Gilbert son ofCadgyffro.

Three Plundered Horses of the Island of Britain:Karnaflawc [Cloven-Hoof], horse of Owain son of Urien, and Long Tongue,horse of Cadwallawn son of Cadfan, and Bucheslom, horse of Gwgawn of theRed Sword

Three Lively Steeds of the Island of Britain:


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Gwineu Gwdwc Hir [Chestnut Long-neck] horse of Cei, and Grei hourse ofEdwin, and Llwyd [Grey] horse of Alfer son of Maelgwn.

Three Adulterers' Horses of the Island of Britain:Fferlas [Grey Fetlock] horse of Dalldaf son of Cunin, and GwelwganGohoewgein horse of Caradawg son of Gwallawc, and Gwrbrith [Spotted Dun]horse of Rahawd.

Tri penn uarch ynys brydein dugant y tri marchlwyth y mae eu henwendracheuyn.Is this a mistake of the scribe, leaving the triad incomplete?

Three Powerful Swineherds of the Island of Britain:Pryderi son of Pwyll, Lord of Annwfn, tending the swine of Penndaran Dyfedhis foster-father. These swine were the seven animals which Pwyll Lord of

Annwfn brought, and gave them to Penndaran Dyfed his foster-father. And theplace where he used to keep them was in Glyn Cuch in Emlyn. And this is whyhe was called a Powerful Swineherd: because no one was able either to deceive orto force him; and the second, Drystan son of Tallwch, tending the swine ofMarch son of Meirchyawn, while the swineherd went with a message to Essyllt.

Arthur and March and Cai and Bedwyr were (there) all four, but they did notsucceed in getting so much as one pigling - neither by force, nor by deception,nor by stealth;And the third, Coll son of Collfrewy, tending the swine of DallwyrDallben in Glyn Dallwyr in Cornwall. And one of the swine was pregnant,

Henwen was her name. And it was prophecied that the Island of Britain wouldbe the worse for the womb-burden. Then Arthur assembled the army of theIsland of Britain, and set out to seek to destroy her. And then she set off, aboutto bring forth (?), and at Penrhyn Awstin in Cornwall she entered the sea, andthe Powerful Swineherd after her. And in the Wheat Field in Gwent she broughtforth a grain of wheat and a bee. And therefore from that day to this the WheatField in Gwent is the best place for wheat and for bees. And at Llonion inPembroke she brought forth a grain of barley and a grain of wheat. Therefore,the barley of Llonion is proverbial. At the Hill of Cyferthwch in Arfon shebrought forth a (wolf-cub) and a young eagle. The wolf was given to (M)ergaed

and the eagle to Breat, a prince of the North: and they were both the worse forthem. And at Llanfair in Arfon under the Black Rock she brought forth a kitten,and the Powerful Swineherd threw it from the Rock into the sea. And the sonsof Palug fostered it in Mn, to their own harm: and that was Palug's Cat, and it

was one of the Three Great Oppressions of Mn, nurtured therein. The secondwas Daronwy, and the third was Edwin, king of Lloegr.It is worth noting that this triad is likely the inspiration of Lloyd Alexander's series The Chronicles of Prydein, an award-winning fantasy series that retells elements of Welsh legend and myth contained in the Red Book, particularly the Mabinogi andthe triads. Henwen the pig, Coll, Dallben, Gwydion, and Pryderi all play prominent rolls in the series.

Three Favourites of Arthur's Court, and Three Battle-Horsemen: they

would never endure a PENTEULU over them.And Arthur sang an ENGLYN:These are my Three Battle-Horsemen:


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and Lludd Llurugawc [of the Breastplate],and the Pillar of the Cymry, Caradawg.

Three Golden Shoemakers of the Island of Britain:Caswallawn son of Beli, when he went to Rome to seek Fflur; and Manawydanson of Llyr, when the Enchantment was on Dyfed; and Lleu Skilful-Hand, whenhe and Gwydion were seeking a name and arms from his mother Ar(i)anrhod.

Three Kings who were (sprung) from Villeins:Gwriad son of Gwrian in the North, and Cadafel son of Cynfeddw in Gwynedd,and Hyfaidd son of Bleiddig in Deheubarth.

Three Defilements of the Severn:Cadwallawn when he went to the Action of Digoll, and the forces of Cymry with

him; and Edwin on the other side, and the forces of Lloegr with him.And thenthe Severn was defiled from its source to its mouth; The second, the gift ofGolydan from Einiawn son of Bedd, king of Cornwall; And the third, Calam thehorse of Iddon son of Ner from Maelgwn...

Here the triads end, according to Rhys and Evans.

The Welsh TriadsPeniarth MS 54

1. Three tribal thrones of the Island of Prydain. Arthur the Chief Lord atMenevia, and David the chief bishop, and Maelgwyn Gwyned the chief elder.Arthur the chief lord at Kelliwic in Cornwall, and Bishop Betwini the chiefbishop, and Caradawg Vreichvras the chief elder. Arthur the chief lord inPenrionyd in the north, and Cyndeyrn Garthwys the cheif bishop, and GurthmwlGuledic the chief elder.

2. Three generous ones of the Island of Prydain. Nudd Hael, son of Senyllt;Mordaf Hael, son of Servan; Rhydderch Hael, son of Tutwal Tudelyt.

3. Three fair lords of the Island of Prydain. Run son of Maelgwyn; Owen son ofUrien; Ruawn Pefyr son of Deorath Guledig.

4. Three naturalists of the Island of Prydain. Gwalchmei son of Gwyar; andLlachau son of Arthur; and Rhiwallawn Gwallt Banadlen.

5. Three pillars of battle of the Island of Prydain. Dunawd son of Pabo pillar ofBritain; and Gwallawc son of Lleenawc; and Cynfelyn Drwsgl.

6. Three bulls of battle of the Island of Prydain. Kynvarch Cat Caduc son of

Kynnwyt Kynwytyon; and Gwenddoleu son of Coidyaw; and Uryen son ofKynvarch.


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7. Three bull-princes of the Island of Prydain. Elmwr son of Cadeir; andCynhafal son of Argat; and Afaon son of Taliessin. Three sons of bards werethese.

8. Three Humble Princes of the Island of Prydain. Llywarch Hen son of ElidyrLydanwyn; and Manawydan son of Llyr Lledyeith; and Gwgawn Gwrawn son ofPeredur son of Eliffer Gosgordvaur.

9. Three princes of the Court of Arthur. Goronwy son of Echell Fordwyten; andCadreith son of Porthfaurgaddu; and Fleidur Fflam.

10. Three princes of Deira and Bernicia. Gall son of Desgyfedawdt and Ysgafnellson of Disgyfedawt; and Diffydell son of Disgyfedawt. Three sons of bards werethese three.

11. Three ruddy-speared bards of the Island of Prydain. Tristvardd bard ofUrien; and Dygynelw bard of Owen; and Mainferdic, bard of Cadwallawn, son ofCatfan; and they were sons of Morgant.

12. Three supreme servants of the Island of Prydain. Caradawc son of Bran; andCaurdaf son of Caradawc; and Owen son of Maxen Guledic.

13. Three fleet owners of the Island of Prydain. Gereint son of Erbin; andGwenwywnwyn son of Naf; and March son of Meirchiaun.

14. Three strong-crutched ones of the Island of Prydain. Rineri son of Tangwn;and Tinwaed faglaw; and Pryder son of Dolor of Deira and Bernicia.

15. Three fettered ones of the Island of Prydain. Cadwaladyr the blessed; andRun son of Maelgwyn; and Rhiwallawn wallt Banadlen.

16. Three cavaliers of battle of the Island of Prydain. Caradawg freichfras;Menwaed of Arllechwedd; and Llyr Lluydauc.

17. Three hostile ovates of the Island of Prydain. Greidiawl Galovyd, son of

Enfael Adran; and Gweyr of great manliness; and Trystan son of Tallwch.

18. Three red-spotted ones of the Island of Prydain. Arthur; and Run son of Beli;and Morgant Mwynfawr.

19. Three front leaders of battle of the Island of Prydain. Trystan son of Tallwch;and Huil son of Caw; and Cei son of Cynyr Cynfarfawc and one person wassupreme over these three: Bedwyr son of Pedrawt was that one.

20. Three heroes of the Island of Prydain. Th three sons of Hayarnwed the

treacherous: Grudnei and Henpen and Edenawc.


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21. Three arrogant ones of the Island of Prydain. Sawyl penuchel; and Pasgenson of Uryen; and Run son of Einiaun.

22. Three obstructers of slaughter of the Island of Prydain. Gilbert son ofCatgyffro; and Morfran son of Tegid; and Gwgun of the ruddy sword.

23. Three powerful swineherds of the Islad of Prydain. Trystan son of Tallwch,who kept the swine of March, son of Meirchiawn, while the swineherd went on amessage to Essyllt to desire a meeting with her, and Arthur desired one pig bydeceit or by theft, and could not get it; and Pryderi son of Pwyll, who kept theswine of Pendaran Dyfed in Glencuwch in Emlyn; And Coll son of Collfrewy,

who kept the ancient sow of Dallweir Dalben, who went burrowing as far asPenryn Awstin in Cornwall, and there going to the sea, landed at Abertorogi inGwent Iscoed, and Coll son of Collfrewy having his hand on her bristles,

wherever she went on the sea or on the land, and at Maes Gwenith in Gwent shedropped wheat and bees, and from henceforth there is the best wheat there, andfrom thence she went to Lonwen in Penbro, and there she dropped barley andbees, and from thence there is the best barley in Lonwen, and from thence sheproceeded to the Riw Cyferthwch in Eryri, and there she dropped a wolf-cub andan eagle, and Coll son of Collfreuy gave the eagle to Brynach Gwyddel of thenorth, and the wolf he gave to Menwaed fo Arllechwedd, and these are the wolfof Menwaed and the eagle of Brynach, and thence going to Maendu in Llanfare,in Arvon, and there she dropped a kitten, and Coll son of Collfrewy threw thekitten in the Menai, and she became afterwards the Paluc cat.

24. Three chief-gleaming ones of the Island of Prydain. Coll son of Collfrewy;and Meniw son of Teirgwaed; and Drych son of Kiwdar.

25. Three primary illusions of the Island of Prydain. The illusion of Math son ofMathonwy; and the illusion of Uthyr Pendragon; and the illusion of GwydelenGor.

26. Three loyal households of the Island of Prydain. The household ofCatwallaun son of Cadfan, who were seven years in Ywerdon with him, and in

that time demanded no pay nor compensation from him; and the household ofGafran son of Aedan, who went to sea with their lord; and the third thehousehold of Gwendoleu son of Ceidyaw at Arderyd, who maintained thecontest forty-six days after their lord was slain. The number of the householdseach one of their warriors one hundred men and a score.

27. Three disloyal households of the Island of Prydain. The household ofGoronw Pebyr of Penllyn who refused to stand in place of their lord to recievethe poisoned darts from Lew Law Gyffes in Lech Goronwy in Blaen Cynfael;and the household of Gwrgi and Peredur, who deserted their lords at Caer Greu,

when there was appointment for battle next morning against Eda Glinmaur, andthey were both slain; and the third, the household of Alan Fyrgan, who returned


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back by stealth from their lord, on the road at night with his servants at Camlan,and there he was slain.

28. Three pass retinues of the Island of Prydain. The retinue of Mynydawg ofEidyn; the retinue of Melyn son of Cynvelyn; and the retinue of Dryan son ofNudd.

29. Three warriors who made the three good assassinations of the Island ofPrydain. Gall son of Dysgyfedawt, who slew the two birds of Gwendoleu, whohad a yoke of gold about them, and devoured two bodies of the Cymry at theirdinner and two at their supper; and Ysgafnell son of Dysgyfedawt, who slewEdelfled king of Lloegyr; and Diffedel son of Dysgyfedawt, who slew GwrgiGarwlwyt, and this Gwrgi a male and female of the Cymry, and two on Saturdaythat he might not kill on Sunday.

30. Three atrocious assassinations of the Island of Prydain. Eidyn son ofEinygan, who slew Aneiryn Gwawdrud, the supreme of bards; and Llawgat

Trumbargawt, who slew Afaon son of Taliessin; and Llovan Llawdino, who slewUrien son of Kynvarch.

31. Three atrocious axe-strokes of the island of Prydain. The axe-stroke of Eidynon the Head of Aneiryn; and the axe-stroke on the head of Godlan the bard; andthe axe-stroke on the head of Iago son of Beli.

32. Three combined expeditions that went from this island and never returned.One went with Helen Luydawg and Cynan her brother. Another went with YrpLuydawc, in the time of Cadyal son of Erynt, he came to ask assistance, and heasked not from each city, but the same number he should bring with him andthere came with him to the first only one youth, and he obtained one given him.He was the greatest levier fo an expedition that went from this island, and noneof the warriors returned. They went on an invasive expedition, these warriors, totwo islands in the sea of Greece. These are teh two islands, Gals and Avena. Thethird host went with Caswallaun son of Beli, and Gwenwynwyn, and Gwanarsons of Lliaws son of Nwyure, and Aranrot daughter of Beli, was their mother,

and from Arllechwed were these wariors, and they went with Caswallawn, theiruncle, against the Cesariot over the sea, and these warriors are now inGwasgwyn. There went with each of these hosts one thousand and twenty.

These are the three silver hosts. They were thus called, for they took the gold andsilver of the island with them, as much as they could.

33. Three oppressions came to this Island, and did not go out of it. The nation ofthe Coranyeit, who came in the time of Llud son of Beli, and did not go out of it;the Oppression of the Gwyddyl Fichti, and they did not again go out of it. Thethird, the oppression was the Saxons, and they did not again go out of it.


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34. Three closures and three disclosures of the Island of Prydain. The blessedhead of Bran son of Llyr, which was buried in the Gwynfryn in London, and

while the head remained in that state, no invasion would ever come to this island.The second, the bones of Gwerthefyr the blessed, which are buried in theprinciple ports of this island; and the third, the dragons which Llud son of Beliburied in Dinas Emreis in Eryri.

SOURCEThe Four Ancient Books of Wales. ed. by William F. Skene. Edinburgh: Edmonston andDouglas, 1868.

The North Britain Triads

Henceforth follow excerpts from the same codex (i.e. the book of Sir Richard Wynn):

Three Niggardly [Miserly] Stocks:The first is Madog son of Mabon; the second is Cantelli the Irishman; and thethird is Osbwrn the Irishman.

Three who were raised to the Nobility:the Short Bone, Tegwared son of Cynrig, and Moel of the Boasting.

[Elsewhere in the same codex:]

King Mwrchath had three Sons, and they were the three men of greatest fame inIreland in their time, and they were the swiftest men in Ireland. These were theirnames: Dwnchead who was king in Munster, and Sitrig who was king in Dublin,and Moel Kelin (== Maelsechlainn) who was king in Meath.

Kynyr or Kevyr (by another name) and Meilir and Yneigr, sons of Gwron apCunedda, who were all three with Cadwallon Lawhir their cousin when he drovethe Gwyddyl Ffichti from Mn. And then they destroyed them (the GwyddylFfichti) completely, when Cadwallon Lawhir slew Seregri Wyddel (=theIrishman) in Llan y Gwyddyl at Caer Gybi (=Holyhead) in Mon.

These are the three times when the Lordship of Gwynedd went by theDistaff:

One of them was Stratweul daughter of Cadfan ap Cynan ab Eudaf ap Caradog ap

Bran ap Llyr Llediaith; and this Stratweul was wife of Coel Godebog. She was the

mother of Cenau ap Coel and the mother of Difyr. Others say that she was called

Seradwen daughter of Cynan ab Eudaf ap Caradog.

The second was Gwawl daughter of (Coel) Godebog, mother of Cunedda Wledig and

wife of Edyrn son of Padarn Peisrudd.

And the third was Essyll(t) daughter of Cynan Tindaethwy, mother of Rhodri Mawr

and wife of Merfyn Frych.


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Three Cousins were:Rhirid Flaidd and Cynddelw ap Gwgan and Iarddwr ap Dinwrig; and their mothers were

three daughters of Cynfyn Hirdref.

Three daughters of Cynfyn Hirdref by Haer daughter of Gillin son of the Red

Wolf:One of them was Sannant mother of Cynddelw ap Gw(g)on of Llyn, the second was

Perwevyr wife of Dinwrig mother of Iarddw ap Dinwrig, and the thir was Generys wife

of Urgenei Collwyn son of an uchelwr from Mochnant, mother of Rhirid Flaidd. And

because he was a grandson to Haer daughter of Gillin son of the Red Wolf he was called

Rhirid Flaidd.

Three sons of Hedd ap Molynoc ap Greddyf.Neutur and Gwyllonen and Gwrgi (or Gwrgi (M)eutur from Cwll in Mn). From Neutur

come the men of Llanfair Dalhaiarn. From Gwyllonen come the men of Dyffryn Elwy.

From Gwrgi come the men of Nant Aled.

The children of Meirchiawn ap Gorwst Ledlwm (== Half Bare):Cynfarch ap Meirchiawn ap Gorwst ap Cenau ap Coel, and he was called Meirchiawn

G~l Q= the Lean) ap Gorwst Ledlwm. And because of Cynfarch ap Meirchiawn they

were called the Three Hundred Swords of the sons of Cynf arch. And from Cynwyd

Cynwydion there came the Three Hundred Shields of Cynwydion. And from Coel they

were called the Three Hundred Spears of the sons of (Coel). Whatever quest they went

upon together, they never failed.

Five Plebeian Tribes of Wales.The Red Wolf of Gest in Efionydd in Gwynedd, Adda the Great in Deheubarth,

Gwenwys and Alla and Heilyn Ystailforch in Powys.

SOURCE:

Bromwich, Rachel. Trioedd Ynys Prydein. Cardiff: UWP, 1963.

The Twenty-Four Knights of Arthur's Court

Twenty-four ordained Knights were in Arthurs Court dwelling continuously,and each one of them had an inflate peculiarity of achievement beyond otherpeople.

Three Golden-Tongued Knights were in Arthurs Court:Gwalchmai son of Llew son of Cynfarch, and Drudwas son of Tryffin, andEliwlod son of Madog son of Uthur: and there was neither king nor lord to

whom those came who did not listen to them; and whatever quest they sought,they wished for and obtained it, either willingly or unwillingly.

Three Virgin Knights were in Arthurs Court:Bwrt son of Bwrt King of Gascony, and Peredur son of Earl Efrog, and Galathson of Lanslod Lak. Wherever those came, where there might be giant or witch


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or fiendish being(such) could not withstand one of those Three VirginKnights.

Three Knights of Battle were in Arthurs Court:Cadwr Earl of Cornwall, and Lanslod Lak, and Ywain son of Urien Rheged. Thepeculiarities of those were that they did not flee for fear of spear or sword orarrow; and Arthur was never shamed in battle on the day that he saw their facesin the field. And therefore they were called Knights of Battle.

Three Enchanter Knights were in Arthurs Court:Menw son of Teirgwaedd, and Trystan son of Tallwch, and E(i)ddilig the Dwarf;since they changed themselves into the form they wished when they were hard-pressed, and therefore no one could overcome them.

Three Royal Knights were in Arthurs Court:Nasiefn son of the King of Denmark, and Medrod son of Llew son of Cynfarch,and Howel son of Emyr Llydaw. The peculiarities of those were that there wasneither king nor emperor of the world who could refuse them, on account oftheir beauty and wisdom in peace; while in war no warrior or champion could

withstand them, despite the excellence of his arms. And therefore they werecalled Royal Knights.

Three Just Knights were in Arthurs Court:Blaes son of the Earl of Llychlyn, and Cadog son of Gwynlliw the Bearded, andPedrog Splintered-Spear, son of Clement Prince of Cornwall. The peculiarities ofthose were that whoever might do wrong to the weak, they contended againsthim who did him wrong in the cause of justice; and whoever might do wrongthey slew, however strong he might be. For those three had dedicated themselvesto preserve justice by every Law:

Blaes by earthly Law, Cadog by the Law of the Church, and Pedrog by the Lawof arms. And those were called Just Knights.

Three Offensive Knights were in Arthurs Court:

Morfran son of Tegid, and Sanddef Angel-Face, and Glewlwyd Mighty-Grasp.The peculiarities of those were that it was ~repugnant to anyone to refuse themanything: Sanddef because of his beauty, Morfran because of his ugliness, andGlewlwyd because of his size and his strength and his ferocity. And thereforethey were called Offensive Knights.

Three Counsellor Knights were in Arthurs Court:Cynon son of Clydno Eiddyn, and Aron son of Cynfarch, and Llywarch the Oldson of Elidir Lydanwyn. And those three were Counsellors to Arthur: whateverhardship came pon him, they counselled him, so that nobody could overcome

him. And thus Arthur triumphed over everyone, and in every eat, and over everynation in the world; through the strength the powerful spirit and the faith and


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hope that were in his eart towards those men, and through the sacred weapons atGod had given him: Rhongomiant his spear, Caledfwlch a sword, andCarnwennan his dagger.

SOURCE:Bromwich, Rachel. Trioedd Ynys Prydein. Cardiff: UWP, 1963.

Bardic TriadsPeniarth 20

Tri ryw brifgerd ysyd, nyt amgen:kerd dant, kerd vegin, a cherd dauawt.

Teir prifgerd tant ysyd, nyt amgen:kerd grwth, kerd delyn, a cherd timpan.

Teir prifgerd megin ysyd, nyt amgen:organ, a phibeu, a cherd y got [god].

Teir prifgerd tauawt ysyd:prydu, a dachanu, a chanu gan delyn.

TRANSLATION:

There are three primary musical forms, namely:string music; bellows music; and music of the tongue.[1]

The three primary forms of string music, namely:court music, harp music, and drum music.

The three primary forms of bellows music, namely:organ, and pipes, and music of the bag.[2]

The three primary forms of singing:poetry, recitation, and singing with the harp.

NOTES

1. "music of the tongue": i.e. singing

2. "music of the bag": i.e. bagpipes

SOURCE:Harper, Sally. "Instrumental Music in Medieval Wales."North American Journal of Welsh


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Studies, Vol. 3, no. 1. Flint, MI: North American Association for the Study of Welsh Cultureand History, 2004.

Translation by Mary Jones 2004

O gals TradesLlyfr Coch Hergest

coronel 588-600

A seguir esto as trades galesas como registrado no Livro Vermelho da Hergest, ca. 1425. uma verso bastante completa,embora de modo diferente (e muito alargada) da verso anterior Peniarth 45. Ao contrrio do livro de RachelBromwich,Trioedd Ynys Prydein, estou apresentando-os na ordem em que aparecem no manuscrito (Jesus MS 111), como euno estou focando vrias colees, mas apenas um. Meu recurso neste processo John Rhys 'e facimilie de Romances do LivroVermelho, de J. Gwenogyrvan EvanO texto do Mabinogion e outros contos galeses (1887), que tem as trades em umapndice. As iniciais vermelhas so indicadas no texto, e no se desviaram, mesmo quando parece ser um voltas por parte doescriba.

Trs homens que receberam o poder de Ado:Hercules, o Forte, e Hector, o Forte, e Sanso, o Forte. Eram, todos os trs, toforte quanto o prprio Ado. Trs homens que receberam a beleza de

Adam: filho Absalo de Davi, filho de Jason Aeson; Paris, filho dePramo. Eram, todos os trs, como aprazvel como o prprio Ado.Trshomens que receberam a sabedoria de Ado: Cato, o Antigo, e Bede e Siblo oSbio. Eram, todos os trs, to sbio quanto o prprio Ado. Trs mulheres quereceberam a beleza de Eva em trs terceiros-partes: Diadema, senhora de EniasBranco-Shield, e Elen, o Magnfico, a mulher em cuja conta foi a destruio de

Tria e Polixena, filha de Pramo, o Velho, rei de Tria.

Quando um anfitrio foi para Llychlyn.

Umexrcito n (de assistncia) foi com RP dos Hosts para Llychlyn. E que ohomem veio aqui na poca de Cadyal dos golpes (?) Para pedir uma taxa a partirdesta ilha. E ningum veio com ele, mas Mathuthavar seu servo. Isto o que elepediu a partir das dez e vinte Chefe Fortalezas que existem neste Island: que duas

vezes mais homens do que foi com ele a cada um deles deve sair com ele(dele). E para a primeira Fortaleza, veio apenas a si mesmo e seu servo. (E issoprovou grave para os homens desta ilha.) E concederam a ele. Uma que foi ataxa mais completa que j partiu deste Island. . E com esses homens que ele


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conquistou a maneira como ele foiTmangueira homens permaneceram nas duasilhas perto do mar grego: namely, Clas e Avena. E o segundo (exrcito) foi comElen dos Exrcitos e Maxen Wledig para Llychlyn: e eles nunca mais voltou aesta ilha. E o terceiro (exrcito) foi com Caswallawn filho de Beli eGwennwynwyn e Gwanar, filhos de Lliaw filho de Nwyfre e Arianrhod filha deBeli sua me. E (era) de Erch e Heledd que esses homens vieram. E foram comCaswallawn seu tio em busca dos homens de Csar deste Island.Tele colocaronde esses homens esto na Gasconha.Tele o nmero que foi com cada um(os exrcitos) foi vinte e um mil homens. E esses foram os trs hosts de prata dailha da Gr-Bretanha. Trs Homens Dishonoured que estavam na ilha da Gr-Bretanha: Um deles: filho Afarwy de Lludd filho de Beli. Ele primeiroconvocadoJulius Csar e os homens de Roma para esta ilha, e ele fez com que opagamento de 3.000 em dinheiro como tributo a partir desta ilha a cada ano,por causa de uma briga com Caswallawn seu tio. E o segundo Gwrtheyrn

[Vortigern] o Fino, quem primeiro deu a terra para os saxes neste Island, e foi oprimeiro a entrar em uma aliana com eles. Ele causou a morte de Custennin oJovem, filho de Custennin do Santssimo, por sua traio, e exilou os dois irmosEmrys Wledig e Uthur Penndragon desta ilha para Armrica, e enganosamentelevou a coroa eo reino em sua prpria posse. E no final Uthur e Emrysqueimado Gwrtheyrn em Castell Gwerthrynyawn ao lado do Wye, em um nicoincndio para vingar seu irmo.Tele terceira e pior foi Medrawd, quando Arthurdeixou com ele o governo da ilha da Gr-Bretanha, ao mesmo tempo quando elemesmo atravessou o mar para se opor Lles [Lcio], imperador de Roma, quehavia despachado mensageiros a Arthur em Caerleon para exigir (pagamento de)

homenagem a ele e aos homens de Roma, a partir desta ilha, na medida em queele tinha sido pago (desde o tempo de) Caswallawn filho de Beli at o momentoda Custennin o Santssimo, o av de Arthur. t dele a resposta que Arthur deuaos mensageiros do imperador: a de que os homens de Roma no tinha maisdireito ao tributo de os homens desta ilha, que os homens da Ilha da Gr-Bretanha tiveram com eles. Para Bran filho de Dyfnwal e Custennin filho deElen tinha sido imperadores em Roma, e eram dois homens desta ilha. Umandeles Arthur reuniu os guerreiros mais seletos do seu reino (e levou) atravs domar contra o imperador. E eles se encontraram alm da montanha de Mynneu[Alpes], e um nmero incontvel foi morto em cada lado naquele dia. Umand no

final Arthur encontrou o imperador, e Arthur, o matou. E melhores homens deArtur foram mortos l. Quando Medrawd ouviu que o exrcito de Arthur foidispersado, ele se virou contra Arthur e os saxes e os pictos e os escocesesunidos com ele para manter esta ilha contra Arthur. Umand quando Arthurouviu isso, voltou-se com tudo o que tinha sobrevivido de seu exrcito, econseguiu pela violncia no desembarque nesta ilha em oposio Medrawd. Uma seguida teve lugar a Batalha de Camlan entre Arthur eMedrawd, e foi-se ferida de morte. E a partir desse (ferida) que ele morreu, e foienterrado em um salo na ilha de Afallach.


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Aqui comeam as Trades Nobres

Trs Presos Exaltado da Ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Llyr Half-Speech, que foi preso por Euroswydd, eo segundo, Mabon filho deModron, e terceiro, Gwair filho de Geirioedd. E um (Prisioneiro), que era maisexaltado do que os trs. Este Prisioneiro Exaltado foi Arthur. E era o mesmorapaz que o liberado de cada um dos trs presdios de Goreu, filho de Custennin,seu primo.

Trs Feira Princes da Ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Owain filho de Urien, Rhun filho de Maelgwn, Rhufawn, filho de RadiantDewrarth Wledig. Trs Bardos frvolas da Ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Arthur, eCadwallawn filho de Cadfan e Rahawd filho de . Morgant Trs ocultaes

Afortunadas da Ilha da Gr-Bretanha:O Chefe de Bran, o Abenoado, filhode Llyr, que estava escondido no Morro Branco, em Londres, com o seu rostopara a Frana. E enquanto ele estava na posio em que foi colocado l, noOpresso saxo jamais vir a esta ilha,Tele Ocultao segundo Fortunate:TeleDragons em Dinas Emrys, que Lludd filho de Beli oculta, ea terceira: Ossos deGwerthefyr do Santssimo, nas Portas Chefe da ilha. E enquanto elespermaneceram em que a ocultao, sem opresso saxo jamais vir a esta ilha. Eeles eram os Trs Divulgaes infelizes quando estes foram divulgados. EGwrtheyrn a Fina divulgou os ossos de Gwerthefyr o Santssimo para o amor deuma mulher.Tchapu foi Ronnwen a mulher pag, e foi ele quem divulgou os

drages; Umnd Arthur revelou o Chefe de Bran, o Abenoado do MorroBranco, porque no parecia certo para ele que esta ilha deve ser defendido pelafora de qualquer um, mas por seu prprio. Trs Cavalos que carregavam osTrs Cavalo-Encargos:Preto Moro, cavalo de Elidir Mwynfawr, que carregavaem seu sete de volta e meio de pessoas de Penllech no Norte de Penllech emcomum.Tstas foram as sete pessoas: Elidir Mwynfawr e Eurgain sua esposa,filha de Maelgwn Gwynedd, e Gwyn bom companheiro, e Gwyn bomdistribuidor e Mynach Naomon seu conselheiro, e Prydelaw o copeiro, seumordomo, e prata equipe, seu servo, e Gelbeinevin seu cozinheiro, que nadoucom as duas mos a garupa do cavalo - e esse foi o meio-pessoa. Corvan, cavalo

dos filhos de Eliffer, levou o segundo cavalo-Burden: ele carregava nas costasGwrgi e Peredur e Dunawd a Stout e Cynfelyn os leprosos, a olhar para abatalha-fog de (o host de) Gwenddolau (?) (em) Ar (f) derydd.E ningumalcanou-o, mas Dinogad filho de Cynan Garwyn, (equitao) sobre Swift Roan,e ele ganhou censura e desonra a partir de ento at hoje. Heith, cavalo dos filhosde Gwerthmwl Wledig, levou o terceiro cavalo-Burden: ele carregava Gweir eGleis e Archanad at o morro de Maelawr em Ceredigion para vingar seupai. Trs Roving Frotas da ilha da Gr-Bretanha:a frota de Llawr filho deEiryf, ea Frota de Divwng filho de Alan, e da Frota de Solor filho deMurthach. Trs Blows nocivos da Ilha da Gr-Bretanha:A primeira delas

Matholwch o irlands bateu em cima de Branwen filha de Llyr, o segundoGwenhwyfach atingido sobre Gwenhwyfar, e por essa causa teve lugar depois da


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ao da Batalha de Camlan eo terceiro Golydan o Poeta bateu em cimaCadwaladr do Santssimo. Trs Ravagings irrestritas da Ilha da Gr-Bretanha:A primeira delas quando Medrawd veio para Arthur Tribunal naCelliwig em Cornwall, deixou nem comida, nem bebida no tribunal que ele noconsome. E ele arrastou Gwenhwyfar de sua cadeira real, e, em seguida, eledesferiu um golpe em cima dela;Tele segundo desenfreado que assola quando

Arthur chegou ao tribunal de Medrawd. Ele deixou nem comida, nem bebida notribunal, eo terceiro desenfreado que assola quando Aeddan o Wily chegou aotribunal de Rhydderch o Generoso em Alclud [Dumbarton], ele no deixou nem

comida, nem beber, nem animais vivos. trs Quests que foram obtidos apartir de Powys:O primeiro deles a busca de Myngan de Meigen paraLlansilin, por volta das nove da manh seguinte, para receber privilgios deCadwallawn do Santssimo, aps o assassinato de Ieuaf e Griffri, o segundo abusca de Griffri para Bryn Griffri antes do manh seguinte, para atacar Edwin, oterceiro a busca de Hywel filho de Ieuaf para Ceredigiawn da Rocha deGwynedd para lutar com (ao lado do?) Ieuaf e Iago nessa batalha.

Estas so as Trades Nobres:

Trs Grande Queens of Arthur:Gwennhwyfar filha de Cywryd Gwent, e Gwenhwyfar filha de Gwythyr filho de

Greidiawl, e Gwenhwyfar filha de Gogfran the Giant. trs amazonas da Ilhada Gr-Bretanha:A primeira delas, Llewei filha de Seitwed e Rore (i) filha de


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Usber e Mederei Badellfawr. Trs squitos nobres da ilha da Gr-Bretanha:a comitiva de Mynyddawg em Catraeth, ea comitiva de Dreon theBrave, no Dique do Ar (f) Dery (dd), e o terceiro, a comitiva de Belyn de Llyn(in) Erethlyn em Rhos. trs Grandes Encantos da Ilha da Gr-Bretanha:oencantamento de Matemtica filho de Mathonwy que ele ensinou para Gwydionfilho de Don, eo Enchantment of Uthyr Pendragon que ele ensinados a Menwfilho de Teirgwaedd, eo Enchantment of Rudlwm o Ano que ele ensinou paraColl filho de Collfrewy seu sobrinho. trs Diretores da ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Gwydar filho de Rhun cano de Beli e Cawrdaf filho de Caradawg eOwain filho de Maxen Wledig. Trs Bem-Dotados Homens da ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Rhiwallawn Vassoura-de cabelo, e Gwal (chmai) filho de Gwyar eLlachau filho de Arthur. Trs Conselhos infeliz da ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Para dar colocar para fore-ps dos seus cavalos na terra de Jlio Csare os homens de Roma, em retribuio para Meinlas, eo segundo: permitir Horsa

e Hengist e Rhonwen nesta ilha, eo terceiro: a diviso de trs vezes por Arthur deseus homens com Medrawd em Camlan. Trs Diademed Homens da ilha daGr-Bretanha:Gweir filho de Gwystyl e Cei filho de Cynyr e Drystan filho de

Tallwch. trs Ravagers vermelhas da ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Rhun filho deBeli e Lleu hbil mo e Morgant os ricos. Mas havia um que era um Ravager Redmaior do que todos os trs: Arthur era seu nome. Durante um ano, nem capimnem plantas utilizadas a surgir onde um dos trs ia a p, mas onde Arthur foi,no por sete anos. trs martimos da ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Geraint filho deErbin e Gwenwynwyn filho de Naf, e Maro filho de Meirchiawn. trsChieftains do Tribunal de Arthur:Gobrwy filho de Echel Mighty-Coxa, e

Ffleudur Fflam filho de Godo, e Caedrieith filho de Seidi. Trs Bull-Chieftainsda Ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Adaon filho de Taliesin, e . Cynhafal filho de Argad eElinwy filho de Cadegr Trs Chieftains de Deira e Bernicia, e os trs eramfilhos de um bardo:Gall filho de Disgyfdawd e Ysgafnell filho de Disgyfdawd eDiffydell filho de Disgyfdawd.


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Tstas Trs realizados os Trs Assassinatos Afortunadas:Gall filho de Dysgyfdawd que mataram os dois pssaros de Gwenddolau. E elestinham um jugo de ouro neles. Dois cadveres dos Cymry comiam para o seujantar, e dois para o jantar, e Ysgafnell filho de Dysgyfdawd, que matou Edelfledrei de Lloegr; E Diffydell filho de Dysgyfdawd que matou Gwrgi Garwlwyd('spera Grey'). . Isso Gwrgi usado para fazer um cadver de um dos Cymry

todos os dias, e dois em cada sbado, para no matar no domingo Trs SavageHomens da ilha da Gr-Bretanha, que realizou os Trs Assassinatosinfelizes:Llofan Llaw Ddifro que matou Urien filho de Cynfarch; LlongadGrwm Fargod Eidyn que matou Afaon filho de Taliesin, e Heiden filho deEfengad que matou Aneirin de Fluxo Verso, filha de Teyrnbeirdd - o homemque costumava dar cem vacas, todos os sbados em uma banheira de

Talhaearn. E ele a golpeou com um woodhatchet na cabea. E esse foi um dostrs Hatchet-golpes. O segundo (era) um lenhador de Aberffraw que feriuGolydan com um machado, na cabea. E o terceiro, um de seus prprioshomens bateu em cima de Iago, filho de Beli, com um machado, na cabea.

Trs batalha Lderes da ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Selyf filho de Cynan Garrwyn e Urien filho de Cynfarch e Afaon filho de

Taliesin. por isso que eles foram chamados de lderes de batalha: porquevingou seus erros de seus tmulos. [?] Trs Pilares da Batalha da Ilha daGr-Bretanha:Dunawd filho de Pabo Pilar da Bretanha, e Gwallawg filho deLleenawg e Cynfelyn os leprosa. Trs homens generosos da ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Nudd, o Generoso, filho de Senyllt , Mordaf o Generoso, filho deSerwan e Rhydderch o Generoso, filho de Tudwal Tudglyd. Trs homens

bravos da ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Gruddnei e Henben e Edenawg. Eles noiriam retornar de batalha, exceto em seus esquifes. E esses foram os trs filhos de


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Gleissiar do Norte, por Haearnwedd o Wily sua me. Trs homens arrogantesda ilha de Gr-Bretanha:Gwibei o Arrogante, e Sawyl de alta Chefe, e

Arnuawn Penyr os arrogantes. trs Prostrado Chieftains do Ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Llywarch filho Velha de Elidir Llydanwyn e Manawydan filho de LlyrHalf-Speech, e Gwgon Gwron filho de Peredur filho de Eliffer da GrandeRetinue. E por isso que aqueles que eram chamados de "Prostrado Chieftains ':.Porque no iria procurar um domnio, que ningum poderia negar a eles TrsInimigo-subjugadores da Ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Greidiawl filho de Envael

Adrann Inimigo-Dominador, e Gweir de Grande filho valentia e Drystan deTallwch. Trs Chacina-Blocos da Ilha da Gr-Bretanha:. Gilbert filho deCadgyffro e Morfran filho de Tegid, e Gwgawn Red-Sword Trs porteiros na

Ao de Bangor Orchard:Gwgon Espada Vermelha e Madawg filho de Rhune Gwiawn filho de Cyndrwyn. Umand outros trs do lado de Lloegr: Hawystylo Arrogante, e Gwaetcym Herwuden e Gwiner. trs Ouro cadveres da ilha

da Gr-Bretanha:Madawg filho de Brwyn e Cengan Peilliawg e Rhu (f) awnfilho Radiant de Gwyddno. trs Fettered Guerra-Bandas das ilhas da Gr-Bretanha:A Guerra-Band de Cadwallawn longo Arm, que cada um colocar osgrilhes de seus cavalos em seu (prprios) ps, ao lutar com o irlands Serygeiem rochas os Irishmens 'em Mn, eo segundo, filho de Urien Guerra-Band deRhiwallawn ao lutar com os saxes, eo terceiro, a Guerra-Band de Belyn de Llynao lutar com Edwin em Bryn Edwin em Rhos. trs fiis Guerra-Bandas daIlha da Gr-Bretanha:A Guerra-Band de Cadwallawn, quando foramacorrentados, e da Guerra-Band de Gafran filho de Aeddan, no momento da suadesaparecimento completo; eo filho Guerra-Band de Gwenddolau de Ceidiaw no

Ar (f) derydd, que continuou a batalha por uma quinzena e, um ms depois deseu senhor foi morto. O nmero de cada uma das bandas-guerra tinha vinte e umcem homens. Trs Faithless Guerra-Bandas das ilhas da Gr-Bretanha:AGuerra da Banda de Goronwy Radiante de (Penllyn), que se recusaram a recebera lana envenenada de Lleu hbil mo em nome do seu senhor, na Pedra deGoronwy na cabea do Cynfal; ea Guerra-Band de Gwrgi e Peredur, queabandonou o seu senhor em Caer Greu, quando tinha um compromisso paralutar no dia seguinte com Eda Grande-Knee, e ali os dois estavam mortos, e daGuerra-Band de Alan Fyrgan, que se afastou dele por noite, e deix-lo ir com osseus servos a Camlan. E l ele foi morto. Trs Aprisionados Homens da ilha

da Gr-Bretanha:Cadwaladr o Abenoado, e Rhun filho de Maelgwn eRhiwallawn Broom-Hair. E por isso que esses homens foram chamados

Aprisionados: porque os cavalos no puderam ser obtidas, que foram adaptadosa eles, devido ao seu tamanho, assim que colocar grilhes de ouro ao redor dapequena de suas pernas, nas cruppers de seus cavalos, nas suas costas ., e duasplacas de ouro sob seus joelhos, e por causa disso o joelho chamado de "knee-pan ') Trs Bull-espectros da ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Trs Spectre de Gwidawl,ea Spectre de Llyr Marini, eo Spectre de Gyrthmwl Wledig. Trs selvagemespectros da ilha da Gr-Bretanha:. The Spectre de Banawg, ea Spectre deEdnyfedawg o enrgico, eo espectro de Melen Trs irrestritos Os hspedes

do Tribunal de Artur e Trs Wanderers:Llywarch o Velho, e . Llemenig eHeledd Trs mulheres fiis da ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Arddun esposa de


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Cadgor filho de Gorolwyn, e mulher Efeilian de Gwydyr o Heavy, e Emerchredesposa de Mabon, filho de Dewengan. trs Bardos Vermelho-Speared da Ilhade Gr-Bretanha:Dygynnelw, bardo de Owain filho de Urien e Arouan BardSelen filho de Cynan e Afan Ferddig, bardo de Cadwallawn filho deCadfan. Trs Presos Exaltado da Ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Llyr Half-Speech,que foi preso por Euroswydd , eo segundo, Mabon filho de Modron, e terceiro,Gwair filho de Geirioedd. E um (Prisioneiro), que era mais exaltado do que ostrs, foi de trs noites na priso em Caer Oeth e Anoeth, e trs noites presos porGwen Pendragon, e trs noites em uma priso encantado sob a Pedra doEchymeint.Este Prisioneiro Exaltado foi Arthur. E era o mesmo rapaz que oliberado de cada um dos trs presdios de Goreu, filho de Custennin, seuprimo. Por alguma razo, o escriba repete essa trade, que foi o primeiro aps a conta do host de Llychlyn. Aqui, porm, atrade expandida para incluir os locais de priso de Arthur. Goreu tambm aparece em Culhwch e Olwen como o assassino deYspaddaden Penkawr.


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Estas so as Trades dos Cavalos:

Trs concedeu Cavalos da Ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Meinlas [Magro Cinza], cavalo de Caswallawn filho de Beli, Melyngan Gamre[amarelo plido do Stud], cavalo de Lleu hbil mo, e Lluagor [Host-Splitter],cavalo de . Caradawg Strong-Arm Trs Chefe Steeds da ilha da Gr-

Bretanha:Alto Black-Tinted, cavalo de Cynan Garrwyn, e ansioso longas Fore-Pernas, cavalo de Cyhored filho de Cynan e Red ... Wolf-Tread, cavalo de Gilbertfilho de Cadgyffro. trs pilhado Cavalos da Ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Karnaflawc [Cloven-Hoof], cavalo de Owain filho de Urien, e Long

Tongue, cavalo de Cadwallawn filho de Cadfan e Bucheslom, cavalo de Gwgawnda Espada Red Trs Steeds alegre da ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Gwineu GwdwcHir [Castanha longo pescoo] cavalo de Cei, e Grei hourse de Edwin, e Llwyd[Cinza] cavalo de Alfer filho de Maelgwn. Trs Adlteros "Cavalos da Ilha daGr-Bretanha:Fferlas [Cinza boleto] cavalo de Dalldaf filho de Cunin eGwelwgan Gohoewgein cavalo de Caradawg filho de Gwallawc e Gwrbrith[manchado Dun] cavalo de Rahawd. Tri penn Uarch ynys brydein dugant ytri marchlwyth . y mae eu dracheuyn henwen este um erro do escriba, deixando a trade


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incompleta? Trs Swineherds poderosos da ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Pryderi filhode Pwyll, Senhor de Annwfn, tendendo a suna de Penndaran Dyfed seu paiadotivo.Estes suna foram os sete animais que Pwyll Senhor dos Annwfn trouxe,e os deu a Penndaran Dyfed seu pai adotivo. E o lugar onde ele costumavamant-los estava em Glyn Cuch em Emlyn. E por isso que ele foi chamado deSwineherd poderosa: porque ningum foi capaz nem de enganar ou para for-lo,ea segunda, Drystan filho de Tallwch, tendendo a suna de Maro filho deMeirchyawn, enquanto o guardador de porcos foi com uma mensagem paraEssyllt. Arthur e maro e Cai e Bedwyr foram (no) todos os quatro, mas elesno conseguiram obter sequer um Pigling - nem pela fora, nem por engano,nem por furto; Umnd a terceira, Coll filho de Collfrewy, tendendo os porcos deDallwyr Dallben em Glyn Dallwyr em Cornwall. E um dos suna estava grvida,Henwen era o nome dela. E foi profetizado que a ilha da Gr-Bretanha seria opior para o tero fardo. Ento Arthur montou o exrcito da ilha da Gr-

Bretanha, e comeou a procurar destru-la. E ento ela partiu, prestes a dar luz(?), E pelo Penrhyn Awstin em Cornwall ela entrou no mar, eo Swineherdpoderosa atrs dela. E no campo de trigo em Gwent ela deu luz um gro detrigo e uma abelha. E, portanto, a partir daquele dia a este campo de trigo emGwent o melhor lugar para o trigo e para as abelhas. E no Llonion emPembroke ela deu luz um gro de cevada e um gro de trigo. Portanto, a cevadade Llonion tpica. No Morro da Cyferthwch em Arfon deu luz um (lobo-cub)e uma jovem guia. O lobo foi dado a (M) ergaed ea guia de Breat, um prncipedo Norte: e ambos estavam a pior para eles. E no Llanfair em Arfon sob o BlackRock deu luz um gatinho, eo Swineherd Poderosa jogou da Rocha no mar. E

os filhos de Palug promoveu-o em Mon, a seu prprio dano, e que era gato dePalug, e era uma das trs grandes opresses de segunda-feira, a alimentadas. Osegundo foi Daronwy, eo terceiro foi Edwin, rei de Lloegr. Vale a pena notar que essa trade provvel que a inspirao da srie de Lloyd Alexander As Crnicas de Prydein, uma srie de fantasia premiada que recontaelementos da lenda galesa e mito contido no Livro Vermelho, em particular o Mabinogi e as trades. Henwen o porco, Coll,

Dallben, Gwydion, e Pryderi todos desempenham rolos de destaque na srie. trs Favoritos de Tribunal deArthur, e trs Battle-Cavaleiros: eles nunca iria suportar um PENTEULUsobre eles. Umand Arthur cantou uma ENGLYN:Estes so meus trs Battle-cavaleiro: e Lludd Llurugawc [do Peitoral], eo pilar da Cymry, Caradawg. trsSapateiros de Ouro da ilha da Gr-Bretanha:Caswallawn filho de Beli,quando ele foi para Roma para buscar Fflur e Manawydan filho de Llyr, quandoo encantamento estava em Dyfed e Lleu hbil mo, quando ele e Gwydionestavam procurando um nome e nos braos de sua me Ar (i) anrhod. Trs reisque estavam (arqueadas) de viles:Gwriad filho de Gwrian no Norte, eCadafel filho de Cynfeddw em Gwynedd, e Hyfaidd filho de Bleiddig emDeheubarth. Trs Contaminaes do Severn:Cadwallawn quando ele foi paraa Ao de Digoll, e as foras de Cymry com ele, e Edwin em do outro lado, e asforas do Lloegr com ele. Umand ento o Severn foi contaminado desde a suanascente at foz, o segundo, o dom de Golydan de Einiawn filho de Bedd, reida Cornualha, ea terceira, Calam a cavalo de Iddon filho de Ner de Maelgwn ...


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Aqui as trades acabar, de acordo com Rhys e Evans.

Peniarth MS 54

1. Trs tronos tribais da ilha de Prydain. Arthur o Senhor Chefe de Menevia, eDavid, o chefe bispo e Maelgwyn Gwyned o chefe mais velho. Arthur o chefesenhor em Kelliwic na Cornualha, e Bishop Betwini o chefe bispo e Caradawg

Vreichvras o chefe mais velho. Arthur o chefe senhor em Penrionyd no norte, eCyndeyrn Garthwys o bispo chefe, e Gurthmwl Guledic o chefe mais velho.

2. Trs uns generosos da Ilha de Prydain. Nudd Hael, filho de Senyllt; MordafHael, filho de Servan; Rhydderch Hael, filho de Tutwal Tudelyt.

3. Trs senhores justos da Ilha de Prydain. Execute filho de Maelgwyn; Owen

filho de Urien; Ruawn Pefyr filho de Deorath Guledig.


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4. Trs naturalistas da Ilha de Prydain. Gwalchmei filho de Gwyar e Llachau filhode Arthur e Rhiwallawn Gwallt Banadlen.

5. Trs pilares da batalha da Ilha de Prydain. Dunawd filho de Pabo pilar da Gr-Bretanha, e Gwallawc filho de Lleenawc e Cynfelyn Drwsgl.

6. Trs touros de batalha da Ilha de Prydain. Kynvarch Cat Caduc filho deKynnwyt Kynwytyon e Gwenddoleu filho de Coidyaw e Uryen filho deKynvarch.

7. Trs bull-prncipes da Ilha de Prydain. Elmwr filho de Cadeir e Cynhafal filhode Argat e Afaon filho de Taliessin. Trs filhos de bardos eram estes.

8. Trs Prncipes humildes da Ilha de Prydain. Filho Llywarch Hen de ElidyrLydanwyn e Manawydan filho de Llyr Lledyeith e Gwgawn Gwrawn filho dePeredur filho de Eliffer Gosgordvaur.

9. Trs prncipes do Tribunal de Arthur. Goronwy filho de Echell Fordwyten eCadreith filho de Porthfaurgaddu e Fleidur Fflam.

10. Trs prncipes de Deira e Bernicia. Gall filho de Desgyfedawdt e Ysgafnellfilho de Disgyfedawt e Diffydell filho de Disgyfedawt. Trs filhos de bardoseram esses trs.

11. Trs bardos espetou-rosadas da Ilha de Prydain. Tristvardd bardo de Urien eDygynelw bardo de Owen, e Mainferdic, bardo de Cadwallawn, filho de Catfan, eeles eram filhos de Morgant.

12. Trs funcionrios supremos da Ilha de Prydain. Caradawc filho de Bran, eCaurdaf filho de Caradawc e Owen filho de Maxen Guledic.

13. Trs proprietrios de frotas da Ilha de Prydain. Filho Gereint de Erbin eGwenwywnwyn filho de Naf, e filho de maro Meirchiaun.

14. Trs fortes-muletas da Ilha de Prydain. Rineri filho de Tangwn e Tinwaed

faglaw e Pryder filho de Dolor de Deira e Bernicia.

15. Trs os agrilhoados da Ilha de Prydain. Cadwaladyr o bem-aventurado, e Runfilho de Maelgwyn e Rhiwallawn wallt Banadlen.

16. Trs cavaleiros de batalha da Ilha de Prydain. Freichfras Caradawg; Menwaedde Arllechwedd e Llyr Lluydauc.

17. Trs ovates hostis da Ilha de Prydain. Greidiawl Galovyd, filho de EnfaelAdran e Gweyr de grande virilidade, e Trystan filho de Tallwch.


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18. Trs os vermelhos-manchado da Ilha de Prydain. Arthur, e Run filho de Belie Morgant Mwynfawr.

19. Trs lderes de frente da batalha da Ilha de Prydain. Trystan filho de Tallwche huIL filho de Caw e Cei filho de Cynyr Cynfarfawc e uma pessoa foi supremosobre estes trs: Bedwyr filho de Pedrawt era aquele.

20. Trs heris da ilha de Prydain. Th trs filhos de Hayarnwed o traioeiro:Grudnei e Henpen e Edenawc.

21. Trs arrogantes da Ilha de Prydain. Sawyl penuchel e Pasgen filho de Uryen;and Run filho de Einiaun.

22. Trs obstrutores de abate da Ilha de Prydain. Gilbert filho de Catgyffro eMorfran filho de Tegid, e Gwgun da espada corado.

23. Trs swineherds poderosos do Islad de Prydain. Trystan filho de Tallwch,que manteve o porco de maro, filho de Meirchiawn, enquanto o guardador deporcos passou uma mensagem para Essyllt para desejar um encontro com ela, e

Arthur desejado um porco por engano ou por roubo, e no poderia obt-lo, ePryderi filho de Pwyll, que manteve o porco de Pendaran Dyfed em Glencuwchem Emlyn e Coll filho de Collfrewy, que manteve a antiga porca de DallweirDalben, que foi escavando tanto quanto Penryn Awstin na Cornualha, e no irpara o mar, desembarcou em Abertorogi em Gwent Iscoed e Coll filho deCollfrewy ter sua mo em seus plos, onde quer que fosse sobre o mar ou sobrea terra, e no Maes Gwenith em Gwent, ela caiu de trigo e abelhas, e daqui emdiante o melhor trigo l, e de l ela foi para Lonwen em Penbro, e l ela caiucevada e abelhas, e dali no a melhor cevada em Lonwen, e dali ela procedeu RIW Cyferthwch em Eryri, e ela deixou cair um lobo- filhote e uma guia, e Collfilho de Collfreuy deu a guia para Brynach Gwyddel do norte, e do lobo que eledeu ao Menwaed fo Arllechwedd, e estes so o lobo do Menwaed ea guia deBrynach e indo da para Maendu em Llanfare , em Arvon, e ela deixou cair umgatinho, e Coll filho de Collfrewy jogou o gatinho no Menai, e ela tornou-se maistarde o gato Paluc.

24. Trs queridos-reluzente chefe da ilha de Prydain. Coll filho de Collfrewy eMeniw filho de Teirgwaed e Drych filho de Kiwdar.

25. Trs iluses primrias da Ilha de Prydain. A iluso de Matemtica filho deMathonwy; ea iluso de Uthyr Pendragon, ea iluso de Gwydelen Gor.

26. Trs famlias fiis da Ilha de Prydain. A famlia de Catwallaun filho deCadfan, que foram sete anos na Ywerdon com ele, e nesse tempo exigidonenhum pagamento, nem compensao a partir dele, e casa de Gafran filho de

Aedan, que foi para o mar com o seu senhor, eo terceiro a casa de Gwendoleufilho de Ceidyaw em Arderyd, que manteve o concurso 46 dias aps o seu senhor


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foi morto. O nmero das casas de cada um de seus guerreiros de cem homens euma pontuao.

27. Trs famlias desleais da Ilha de Prydain. A famlia de Goronw Pebyr dePenllyn que se recusou a ficar no lugar de seu senhor para receber os dardosenvenenados de Lew Lei Gyffes em Lech Goronwy em Blaen Cynfael, e dafamlia de Gwrgi e Peredur, que abandonou seus senhores em Caer Greu,quando h foi a nomeao para a batalha na manh seguinte contra EdaGlinmaur, e ambos estavam mortos, eo terceiro, a famlia de Alan Fyrgan, queretornou em segredo de seu senhor, na estrada noite com seus servos emCamlan, e l estava ele mortos.

28. Trs passar comitivas da Ilha de Prydain. A comitiva de Mynydawg de Eidyn,a comitiva de Melyn filho de Cynvelyn, ea comitiva de filho Dryan de Nudd.

29. Trs guerreiros que fizeram as trs boas assassinatos da Ilha de Prydain. Gallfilho de Dysgyfedawt, que matou as duas aves de Gwendoleu, que tinham umjugo de ouro sobre eles, e devorou dois corpos do Cymry no jantar e dois na suaceia, e Ysgafnell filho de Dysgyfedawt, que matou Edelfled rei de Lloegyr eDiffedel filho de Dysgyfedawt, que matou Gwrgi Garwlwyt, e este Gwrgi ummacho e fmea do Cymry, e dois no sbado que ele pode no matar, nodomingo.

30. Trs assassinatos atrozes da Ilha de Prydain. Eidyn filho de Einygan, quematou Aneiryn Gwawdrud, o supremo dos bardos, e Llawgat Trumbargawt, quematou Afaon filho de Taliessin e Llovan Llawdino, que matou filho de UrienKynvarch.

31. Trs machado-cursos atrozes da ilha de Prydain. O machado tempos deEidyn na cabea de Aneiryn; eo machado tempos na cabea de Godlan o bardo,eo machado tempos na cabea de Iago filho de Beli.

32. Trs expedies que foram combinados a partir desta ilha e nunca maisvoltou. Um foi com Helen Luydawg e Cynan seu irmo. Outra foi com RP

Luydawc, no tempo de Cadyal filho de Erynt, ele chegou a pedir ajuda, e ele nopediu de cada cidade, mas o mesmo nmero que ele deve trazer com ele e veiocom ele para o primeiro apenas uma juventude, e ele obteve um dado a ele. Elefoi o maior levier fo uma expedio que saiu desta ilha, e nenhum dos guerreirosretornado. Eles passaram em uma expedio invasora, estes guerreiros, a duasilhas no mar da Grcia. Estes so teh duas ilhas, Gals e Avena. A terceira sriefoi com Caswallaun filho de Beli e Gwenwynwyn, e os filhos de Gwanar Lliawsfilho de Nwyure e Aranrot filha de Beli, era a sua me, e de Arllechwed eramesses wariors, e eles foram com Caswallawn, seu tio, contra o Cesariot sobre omar, e esses guerreiros esto agora em Gwasgwyn. L se foi com cada um desses

hospedeiros mil e vinte. Estes so os trs anfitries prata. Eles foram assimchamados, pois levou o ouro e prata da ilha com eles, tanto quanto podiam.


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33. Trs opresses veio a esta ilha, e no sair dele. A nao do Coranyeit, queveio no tempo de Llud filho de Beli, e no sair dele; opresso do Gwyddyl Fichti,e eles no vo mais uma vez de fora. A terceira, a opresso era os saxes, e nomais uma vez ir para fora do mesmo.

34. Trs encerramentos e trs divulgaes da Ilha de Prydain. O bendito cabeade Bran, filho de Llyr, que foi enterrado no Gwynfryn em Londres, e enquanto acabea permaneceu nesse estado, no h invaso jamais vir a esta ilha. Osegundo, os ossos de Gwerthefyr o bendito, que so enterrados nos principaisportos da ilha, e os terceiros, os drages que Llud filho de Beli enterrados emDinas Emreis em Eryri.

FONTEOs Quatro Livros antigos do Pas de Gales. ed. por William F. Skene. Edimburgo: Edmonston eDouglas, 1868.

seguir Doravante trechos do mesmo codex (ou seja, o livro de Sir Richard Wynn):

Trs mesquinho [Avareza] Aes:A primeira Madog filho de Mabon, o segundo Cantelli o irlands, ea terceira Osbwrn o irlands.

Trs que foram elevados nobreza:

o curto Bone, Tegwared filho de Cynrig e Moel da vanglria.

[Em outra parte do mesmo codex:]

Rei Mwrchath teve trs filhos, e eles foram os trs homens de maior fama naIrlanda, em seu tempo, e eles eram os homens mais rpidos na Irlanda. Estes soos seus nomes: Dwnchead que era o rei em Munster, e Sitrig que era o rei, emDublin, e Moel Kelin (== Maelsechlainn) que era o rei em Meath.

Kynyr ou Kevyr (com outro nome) e Meilir e Yneigr, filhos de Gwron ap

Cunedda, que eram todos os trs com Cadwallon Lawhir seu primo quando eledirigia o Gwyddyl Ffichti dos homens. E ento eles destruram eles (o GwyddylFfichti) completamente, quando Cadwallon Lawhir matou Seregri Wyddel (= oirlands) em Llan y Gwyddyl em Caer Cybi (= Holyhead) em seg

Estes so os trs momentos em que o senhorio de Gwynedd passou peloDistaff:

Uma delas era filha de Stratweul Cadfan ap Cynan ab Eudaf ap Caradog ap Bran ap

Llyr Llediaith, e isso era a esposa de Stratweul Coel Godebog. Ela era a me de Cenau

ap Coel e me de Difyr. Outros dizem que ela foi chamada Seradwen filha de Cynan abEudaf ap Caradog.


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O segundo foi Gwawl filha de (Coel) Godebog, me de Cunedda Wledig e esposa de

Edyrn filho de Padarn Peisrudd.

E o terceiro foi Essyll (t) filha de Cynan Tindaethwy, me de Rhodri Mawr e esposa

de Merfyn Frych.

Trs primos foram:Rhirid Flaidd e Cynddelw ap Gwgan e Iarddwr ap Dinwrig, e suas mes estavam trs

filhas de Cynfyn Hirdref.

Trs filhas de Cynfyn Hirdref por Haer filha de Gillin filho do Lobo Vermelho:Um deles era Sannant me de Cynddelw ap Gw (g) em de Llyn, o segundo foi Perwevyr

esposa de Dinwrig me de Iarddw ap Dinwrig, eo thir foi esposa Generys de Urgenei

Collwyn filho de um uchelwr de Mochnant, me de Rhirid Flaidd. E porque ele era neto

de Haer filha de Gillin filho do Lobo Vermelho, ele foi chamado Rhirid Flaidd.

Trs filhos de Hedd ap Molynoc ap Greddyf.

Neutur e Gwyllonen e Gwrgi (ou Gwrgi (M) eutur de Cwll na segunda-feira). DeNeutur vm os homens de Llanfair Dalhaiarn. De Gwyllonen vm os homens de

Dyffryn Elwy. De Gwrgi vm os homens de Nant Aled.

Os filhos de Meirchiawn ap Gorwst Ledlwm (== Meio nu): Cynfarch ap Meirchiawn ap Gorwst ap Cenau ap Coel, e ele foi chamado Meirchiawn G

~ l Q = Lean) ap Gorwst Ledlwm. E por causa de Cynfarch ap Meirchiawn foram

chamados os trezentos Swords dos filhos de Cynf arco. E a partir Cynwyd Cynwydion

veio a trezentos escudos de Cynwydion. E a partir Coel foram chamados os trezentos

Spears dos filhos de (Coel). Seja qual for a misso que foi em cima juntos, eles nunca

falhou.

Cinco Tribos plebeu do Pas de Gales. o lobo vermelho de Gest em Efionydd em Gwynedd, Adda, o Grande em Deheubarth,

Gwenwys e Alla e Heilyn Ystailforch em Powys.

FONTE:

Bromwich, Rachel. Trioedd Ynys Prydein. Cardiff: UWP de 1963.

Os Vinte e Quatro Cavaleiros do Tribunal de ArthurVinte e quatro cavaleiros foram ordenados no Tribunal de Arthur habitao deforma contnua, e cada um deles tinha uma peculiaridade inflar de realizao paraalm de outras pessoas.

Trs Cavaleiros de Ouro de lngua estavam no Tribunal de Arthur:Gwalchmai filho de Llew filho de Cynfarch e Drudwas filho de Tryffin e Eliwlodfilho de Madog filho de Uthur: e no havia nem rei nem senhor a quem aqueles

veio que no ouvi-los , e tudo o que busca procuraram, eles queriam e obtido,seja voluntria ou involuntariamente.


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Trs Virgens cavaleiros estavam no Tribunal de Arthur:Bwrt filho de Bwrt Rei da Gasconha, e Peredur filho de Earl Efrog e Galath filhode Lanslod Lak. Onde quer que aqueles vieram, onde pode haver gigante oudiablica bruxa ou ser-(tal) no poderia suportar um desses Trs VirgensKnights.

Trs Cavaleiros de batalha estavam no Tribunal de Arthur:Cadwr Conde de Cornwall, e Lanslod Lak, e Ywain filho de Urien Rheged. Aspeculiaridades das pessoas eram de que eles no fugiram por medo de lana ouespada ou flecha, e Arthur nunca foi humilhado em batalha no dia em que ele viuseus rostos no campo. E, portanto, eles eram chamados de Cavaleiros de batalha.

Trs cavaleiros Enchanter estavam no Tribunal de Arthur:Menw filho de Teirgwaedd e Trystan filho de Tallwch e E (i) ddilig o Ano, uma

vez que eles mudaram-se para a forma que quisessem quando eram pressionadose, portanto, ningum poderia superar los.

Trs cavaleiros reais estavam na Corte de Arthur:Nasiefn filho do Rei da Dinamarca, e Medrod filho de Llew filho de Cynfarch eHowel filho de Emyr Llydaw. As peculiaridades das pessoas eram de que nohavia nem rei nem o imperador do mundo que poderia recus-los, por conta desua beleza e sabedoria em paz, enquanto em guerra nenhum guerreiro oucampeo podia resistir-lhes, apesar da excelncia de seus braos. E, portanto, eleseram chamados de Cavaleiros Reais.

Trs Apenas cavaleiros estavam no Tribunal de Arthur:Blaes filho do conde de Llychlyn e cadog filho de Gwynlliw o Barbudo, e PedrogSplintered-Lana, filho de Clemente Prince of Cornwall. As peculiaridades daspessoas eram de que quem pode fazer mal para os fracos, que sustentou contraele quem lhe fez mal na causa da justia, e quem pode fazer o mal que mataram,por mais forte que ele poderia ser. Para aqueles trs haviam se dedicado apreservar a justia por todos os Lei:

Blaes por terrena Lei, cadog pela lei da Igreja, e Pedrog pela lei das armas. E

aqueles foram chamados apenas Knights.Trs cavaleiros ofensivos estavam no Tribunal de Arthur:Morfran filho de Tegid, e Sanddef Anjo-Face e Glewlwyd Mighty-Grasp. Aspeculiaridades das pessoas eram de que era ~ repugnante para qualquer um derecusar-lhes qualquer coisa: Sanddef por causa de sua beleza, Morfran por causade sua feira, e Glewlwyd por causa de seu tamanho e sua fora e ferocidade. E,portanto, eles foram chamados ofensivos Knights.

Trs cavaleiros conselheiro estavam no Tribunal de Arthur:

filho Cynon de Clydno Eiddyn, e Aron, filho de Cynfarch e Llywarch filho Velhade Elidir Lydanwyn. E os trs eram conselheiros para Arthur: o que veio


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dificuldades pon ele, aconselhou-o, de modo que ningum poderia venc-lo. Eassim Arthur triunfou sobre todos, e em todos os comer, e sobre todas as naesdo mundo, com a fora do esprito poderoso e a f ea esperana que estavam emsua eart para aqueles homens, e atravs das armas sagradas de Deus lhe tinhadado : Rhongomiant sua lana, Caledfwlch uma espada, e Carnwennan sua adaga.

FONTE:Bromwich, Rachel. Trioedd Ynys Prydein. Cardiff: UWP de 1963.

Manuscritos: II. 12, 28, 52, 65 (1), 100, 135, Pen. 16, para. 55 (= SimwntVychan), Pen.127, 77, 185 (= VR), 216, Hafod 3, 5, 8 (= H), C36

Bardic Trades

Peniarth 20Tri ryw ysyd brifgerd, nyt amgen:kerd Dant, vegin kerd, um dauawt cherd.

Teir prifgerd ysyd tante, nyt amgen:grwth kerd, kerd Delyn, um timpan cherd.

Teir ysyd prifgerd Megin, nyt amgen:rgo, um phibeu, um cherd y tem [Deus].

Teir prifgerd tauawt ysyd:prydu, um dachanu, um Delyn Chanu gan.

TRADUO:

Existem trs formas primrias musicais, a saber:. msica corda; msica fole, e msica da lngua [1]

As trs principais formas de msica da corda, a saber:a msica da corte, msica de harpa e msica de tambor.

As trs principais formas de fole msica, a saber:. rgo, e tubos, e msica do saco [2]

As trs principais formas de cantar:poesia, recitao, e cantando com a harpa.

NOTAS

1. "a msica da lngua": ou seja, cantar


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. 2 "msica do saco": ou seja, gaitas de foles

FONTE:Harper, Sally. "Msica Instrumental em Medieval Pas de Gales."Norte American Journal ofStudies galeses, vol. 3, n. 1. Flint, MI: Associao Norte-Americana para o Estudo da Cultura

Welsh e Histria, 2004.Traduo por Mary Jones 2004

the welsh triads

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