Warm-up

________________________ and ________________________ are different in

several ways. One difference is that _______________________________, while on

the other hand __________________________________. Another way they differ is

____________________________________________________________________.

In addition, ____________________, however, ______________________________.

In contrast, __________________________________________________________.

These differences help us to see __________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________.

The War of 1812JEFFERSON’S FOREIGN POLICY, JAMES MADISON, NATIONALISM, AND

THE WAR OF 1812

Jefferson and Foreign Policy

Jefferson ended the Barbary War, where North African States had been seizing US ships since the Washington administration

Washington and Adams had been paying the Barbary states off to stop the piracy of American ships

However, under Jefferson, one of the leaders tripled his price leading Jefferson to send the navy to blockade (block) its port favorable peace in 1805

Increase in territory need for more customers

Louisiana Purchase and farming

Markets overseas

US sells excess goods to French soldiers in West Indies

Reexportation French commodities stuck in West indies; US picks up, ships to US, repackages, and ships

Jefferson and Foreign Policy

The American economy boomed; reexportation led to more foreign trade increasing trade value from $300k in 1790 to $59 million in 1807

Wealthy merchants began building wharves, warehouses, and mansions boosting trade in seaport cities

American shipyards tripled production of ships creating more than just a farming economy in America

Britain did not like this for 2 reasons: 1) it helped France and its army; and, 2) it made the US its greatest commercial competitor

Britain began taking American sailors and forcing them to fight in British navy, this is known as impressment

By 1812, 6000 American sailors had been impressed

This intensified tensions between the US and Britain

Events leading up to the War of

1812

US Navy small compared to British

Issue of funding vs. the national debt

The Embargo Act suspend trade by keeping US ships at Port

Though Britain would suffer

Instead US economy suffered

Americans enraged especially in the North

Why would this be a problem for Jefferson?

Events leading up the War of 1812

Jefferson admits his failure and ends embargo before leaving office

James Madison, fellow Democratic Republican, wins election becomes 4th

Presidents

Non-intercourse Act an attempt to reopen trade with whichever country (Britain

or France) ended actions against US first no success

British continued arming Natives with guns Battle of Tippacanoe suppressed

native uprisings

Congress was split over whether to go to war with Britain

The War Hawks wanted war

Aggressive nationalists; including John C. Calhoun (SC) and Henry Clay (KY)

Restoring America’s honor

Events leading up the War of 1812

War Hawks wanted to cut off British supplies by entering British Canada

Madison won reelection by a small margin in 1812; and on June 12, 1812, James

Madison requested Congress declare war against Britain

Madison cited (listed) four reasons for America’s first war:

First, Americans objected to restrictions Britain was enforcing to prevent neutral

American merchants from trading with the French

Second, Americans were outraged by British impressment

Third, The British had refused to surrender British forts near the Great Lakes as required by

the Treaty of Paris 1783

Fourth, Americans wished to drive British out of N. America by conquering Canada while

the British fought the French

War of 1812

American troops began invading Canada in 1812; however, were repeatedly

defeated by British and Indian soldiers

No success with British; but able to suppress native allies

Andrew Jackson defeat of natives in Alabama and Florida

However, Britain beats France in Europe now they can focus on the US

Battle of New Orleans ends the war (led by Jackson) The Treaty of Ghent

Consequences of the War of 1812

The war was a disaster…but a successful one

No territory lost

US gained military respect

American nationalism increased

The Federalist party comes to an end Hartford Convention

New states entered the Union: IN, MS, IL, AL

US and natives continued fighting

Spain trades Florida for Texas territory Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)