3.9 – War of 1812

American History I

Unit 3 – The New Nation

Day 9 – The War of 1812

• Imagine you are James Madison, president of the United States in 1809

• Read the memo

• In small groups (3-4), brainstorm at least 3 ideas for handling the situation with Britain and France. Pick which of these 3 ideas you think would be most effective. • Ex. Forming alliances, declaring war, etc.

Memo to James Madison

• Dilemma of how to deal with British & French attacks on U.S. ships

• Realizes he can no longer maintain Washington’s policy of ISOLATIONSIM

• Offered a deal to both France & GB: If their country would stop attacking American ships, America would no longer trade with their enemy • British refused

• France agreed

• So, America stopped all trade with GB

• But… U.S. ships continued to get attacked by both sides

• So, Madison goes to war in 1812!

Madison faces a dilemma…

Intro to the War of 1812 Reading

4.2.14 – Journal

Answer the following questions:

•(1) Name 2 causes of the War of 1812.

•(2) Who fought in the War of 1812?

•(3) Who won the War of 1812?

War of 1812

• Fought against Britain & British Canada in 1812-1814

• Called Mr. Madison’s War

Causes of the War of 1812

• Impressments: the taking of US sailors (French and British)

• British giving weapons to the Indians in the Northwest territory

• War Hawks (wanted to invade Canada)

• US cannot compete economically

War of 1812

• Why wasn’t the US ready for war? • Weak army and navy

• Most battles were in the North

• We attacked York (capital of Canada) and they attacked DC and burned it

• Uncle Sam created as a national patriotic identity

• The end of the war coincides with the defeat on Napoleon in Europe

U.S.S. Constitution

• Famous U.S. War of 1812 battleship.

• Nicknamed “Old Ironsides” as cannonballs would bounce off of the Live Oak sides (from the Cape Fear) during the War of 1812

• Never lost a battle

Great Lake Battles

• Defeats on land; look to water

• Control of the Great Lakes was vital

• Oliver Hazzard Perry built up a fleet on Lake Erie and gained a victory over Britain in 1813

• “We have met the enemy and he is ours”

• Inspired American nationalist spirit in 1813

Chesapeake Bay (1814)

• British attempted to invade area (Virginia\Maryland)

• Led to British taking Washington, DC and burning the Capitol and White House

• Madison fled west

• British troops ate the meal prepared for the President before burning it

• They then moved to Baltimore and were defeated at Fort McHenry • Star Spangled Banner

Fort McHenry

• Francis Scott Key penned the national anthem, The Star Spangled Banner as a poem while on a ship in the Baltimore Harbor.

Original Star Spangled Banner

from Ft. McHenry

http://www.youtube.com/w

atch?v=6Uvf6eL5l_g

Treaty of Ghent (1814)

• Dec. 24, 1814

• Urged partly by European powers (Russia feared France)

• John Q. Adams and Henry Clay sent to negotiate

• Armistice ends the War of 1812

• No land gained; fighting just stopped

• Fighting continued until February

Battle of New Orleans, Jan. 8th 1815

• Fought after the peace treaty was signed

• General Andrew Jackson made a hero

• The US was outnumbered greatly, but had only 45 deaths compared to 2000 British

• VICTORY Increased pride & nationalism

Hartford Convention

• Meeting of Federalists party leaders from Dec 1814 to January 1815.

• Met to discuss secession by northern states

• Leaving the US and making a new country

• The meeting showed Sectionalism:

• division between north and south

• When the War of 1812 was over, the Democratic-Republicans were the heroes and the Federalists were seen as traitors (for supporting the British)

Results of the War

• Increased US manufacturing

• Increase nationalism (patriotism & honor for US as a country)

• Est. US as independent power

MOVIE POSTER FOR THE WAR OF 1812

• You have been hired by a movie company who will be making film about the War of 1812

• You must make a poster advertisement to represent the War of 1812, containing text and images that will give potential movie-goers an understanding of what happened during the war

• Include a tagline

Unit 3 Review Activity Your test is TOMORROW

• In groups (we will number off 1-9), you will each receive a sheet of paper with one of the sections of notes on it (3.1-3.9)

• You will create a review question as a group for that topic using your notes

• Then you will pass your paper to the next group, they will: • (1) answer your question • (2) write a new question using the same notes • (3) then they will pass again, so on and so forth!

Questions:

• What were the causes of the War of 1812?

• What was the name of the battle that was fought after the Treaty of Ghent was signed?

• What does Secession mean?

• What does Sectionalism mean?

Vocabulary

• War of 1812

• Treaty of Ghent

• Battle of New Orleans

• The Hartford Convention