The video and narration in this presentation concerns the

Female Reproductive Systemand uses explicit graphics and terminology

dealing with this subject matter.

Some material may not be suitable for younger viewers.

Warning!

Chapter 27Female Reproductive System

Lecture 19

Part 2: Internal/External Accessory Sex Organs

Marieb’s HumanAnatomy and

PhysiologyNinth Edition

Marieb Hoehn

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Female Internal Accessory OrgansFigure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

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Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes

Segments of the uterine tube:

- Infundibulum contains fimbriae (inner surfaces lined with cilia that beat toward center)

- Ampulla (middle, muscular segment)

- Isthmus (segment connected to the uterine wall)

Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Oocytes are transported by

- ciliary action

- peristalsis

(Parasympathetic NS activity a few hours before ovulation)

Takes about 4 days for an oocyte to travel from the infundibulum to the uterine cavity

Fertilization usually occurs around here

Fallopian tube = salpinx [salping(o)-]

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Lining of Uterine Tubes

Tall ciliated columnar epithelial cells with interspersed mucin-secreting cells.

Tubes contain glycoproteins and lipids

Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

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Uterus (hyster(o)-)

Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

- Mechanical protection (fetus)

- Nutritional support (fetus)

- Waste removal (fetus)

- Ejection of fetus at birth

Cervical mucous prevents spread of bacteria from vagina to uterus

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Uterine Wall

Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Smooth muscle of myometrium is arranged in longitudinal, circular, and oblique layers

Under the influence of estrogen, uterine glands, blood vessels, and epithelium in the functional zone of the endometrium change with the phases of the uterine (menstrual) cycle

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Vagina

Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Major functions:

- Passageway for elimination of menstrual fluids

- Receives penis and holds sperm prior to passage into uterus

- Inferior portion of birth canal for fetal delivery

Acidity of vagina protects adults from bacterial infections

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Female External Reproductive Organs

Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Includes the structures external to the vagina:

- mons pubis - labia majora and minora - clitoris - vestibular structures

Opening of ducts of greater vestibular glands (Bartholin’s) – mucous secretions

Perineum

Female external genitalia = pudendum or vulva

Know the terms on this slide

anterior

posterior

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The Deep Female Perineum

Figure from: Saladin, Anatomy & Physiology, McGraw Hill, 2007

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Erection, Lubrication, and OrgasmFigure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

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Review

• Female internal accessory organs– Uterus

• Anteflexed muscular organ that will hold developing fetus

• Body– Fundus is furthest away from vagina

– Perimetrium

– Myometrium (thick smooth muscle layer)

– Endometrium (Functional zone, basilar zone)

– Uterine (fallopian) tubes• Infundibulum (contains fimbriae)

• Ampulla (thick muscular wall)

• Isthmus (connection with uterus)

• Fertilization usually occurs in the ampulla/isthmus boundary

• Lined with cilia; smooth muscle to capture released oocyte

• Nutrient-rich environment (lipids and glycogen)

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Review

• Female internal accessory organs (continued)– Vagina

• Elastic, muscular tube between cervix and vestibule

• Passageway for elimination of menstrual fluids

• Receives penis and holds sperm prior to passage into uterus

• Inferior portion of birth canal for fetal delivery

• Maintains an acidic environment (in adults) to prevent infections

• Parasympathetic stimulation – expansion and elongation during sexual stimulation

• Vestibular glands along sides of vagina secrete mucus to lubricate the vaginal lumen

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Review

• Female External Genitalia– Entire area is the vulva or pudendum– Mons pubis, labia majora– Labia minora, vestibule– Anterior to posterior: clitoris, urethra, vaginal

entrance– Bartholin’s glands (greater vestibular); ducts

open just posterior to vaginal entrance – Skene’s glands (paraurethral, lesser vestibular);

ducts open posterior to urethral meatus

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Review

• Perineum– Diamond-shaped area of the trunk between the

thighs and buttocks extending from the pubis to the coccyx (between ischial tuberosities)

– Shallow compartment lying between this diamond shaped area and the pelvic floor (formed by pelvic diaphragm)

– Male perineum contains: penis, scrotum, anus– Female perineum contains: vulva, anus