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THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE

FINALMOOSE CREEK WATER TREATMENT WORK PLAN

EIELSON AIR FORCE BASE, ALASKA

Prepared for: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Contract No. W911KB-14-D-0019

October 2015

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

LIST OF ATTACHMENTS & ADDENDUMS ............................................................................................ i LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................... i LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................................... i LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................... ii 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 WORK PLAN OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................... 1-1 2.0 CARBON TREATMENT SYSTEM ............................................................................................... 2-1

2.1 PROPOSED TREATMENT SYSTEM ...................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 CARBON SYSTEM SIZING ..................................................................................................... 2-2

3.0 Moose Creek Properties and Associated Treatment Options ........................................................... 2-1 3.1 SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENCES AND DUPLEXES .............................................................. 3-1

3.1.1 Granular Activated Carbon Treatment ................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.2 Tank Installation .................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 CLASS C 4-PLEX APPARTMENT COMPLEXES .................................................................. 3-2 3.3 NON-RESIDENTIAL FACILITIES .......................................................................................... 3-2

3.4 FACILITIES REQUIRING ADDITIONAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AND ADEC REVIEW ................................................................................................................................................ 3-3

4.0 POST TREATMENT SYSTEM SAMPLING AND REPORTING ................................................ 4-1 4.1 TREATMENT SYSTEM SAMPLING AND REPORTING ..................................................... 4-1 4.2 FOCUSED SYSTEM SAMPLING ............................................................................................ 4-1

4.2.1 Sampling ................................................................................................................................ 4-2

4.2.2 Reporting ................................................................................................................................ 4-2

5.0 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................... 5-1 6.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................ 6-1

Title: Moose Creek Water Treatment Work Plan EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., PBC Contract No.: W911KB-14-D-0019

i Moose Creek, Alaska

LIST OF ATTACHMENTS & ADDENDUMS

Attachment 1 – Treatment System Components Addendum 1 – Basis for Design – 4-Plex Multi-Housing

LIST OF FIGURES Number Title

1 Eielson Air Force Base

2 Moose Creek Area

3 Moose Creek Treatment System Details 5 Cubic Foot

4 Moose Creek Treatment System Details 2.5-3 Cubic Foot

5 Moose Creek Residential Above Ground Water Storage Tank

6 Moose Creek Residential Below Ground Water Storage Tank

LIST OF TABLES

Number Title

1 Water Quality Results Locations Without Water Softeners

2 Water Quality Results Locations With Water Softeners


ii Moose Creek, Alaska

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS µg/L micrograms per liter AAC Alaska Administrative Code ADEC Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Calgon Calgon Carbon CF cubic foot DWSP Drinking Water Sampling Plan EA EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., PBC EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency g grams GAC granular activated carbon gpm gallons per minute L liters lbs pounds mg milligrams NSF NSF International PFC perfluorinated compound PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid PFOS perfluorooctane sulfonate PHA Provisional Health Advisory

TDS total dissolved solids TOC total organic carbon TSS total suspended soilds

USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers UV ultraviolet

VOC volatile organic compound


iii Moose Creek, Alaska



Page 1-1 Moose Creek, Alaska

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 WORK PLAN OVERVIEW

This work plan has been prepared to outline the steps necessary to evaluate locations for installation of a drinking water treatment system and to provide general details of the planned whole home drinking water treatment systems installation. At the time of this work plan, the community of Moose Creek located outside of Eielson Air Force Base (Figures 1 and 2) has had over 151 properties sampled for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) impacts in drinking water from individual groundwater sources and to date 133 properties had drinking water exceedances for PFOS above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Provisional Health Advisory (PHA) level. Further information on the PHA for PFOS and PFOA can be found in a Fact Sheet published by the EPA (EPA 2014).

The following identifies the approach that will be taken to evaluate locations and install the whole home drinking water treatment systems:

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) provided EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., PBC (EA) with a prioritized list of locations for treatment system installation. Prioritization is being completed by the USACE to provide the best path forward for addressing treatment system installation options or alternatives on a case by case basis.

EA will review the available information for each property and coordinate a site visit with the USACE and property owner to evaluate the water distribution system in place. EA has been in the process of conducting investigations at all locations with PFOS or PFOA groundwater concentrations above the EPA PHA level to evaluate what options may be available at each location.

During the inspection, EA and to the extent needed EAs subcontractor HydroTech Alaska will collect measurements of available space for installation of the individual treatment system, evaluate accessible drain options for filter backwash if needed, discuss treatment system installation placement with the property owner, make note of any unusual plumbing or unique water distribution systems that will require additional modifications prior to the installation of a water treatment system, and collect information on the well production rate and home pressure tank to ensure sufficient flow of at least 2 gallons per minute (gpm) and sufficient pressure can be supplied to adequately run the water treatment system. It is anticipated that some specifics at various locations will remain unknown as owners may not know the details of their system and some components may be inaccessible. HydroTech Alaska has been in business in Fairbanks, Alaska installing residential water treatment systems since 1979, and they have installed more than 500 whole home granular activated carbon (GAC) systems. They will be involved in initially evaluating existing water distribution systems to expedite the process and to help eliminate unforeseen system installation problems during the scheduled system installation.



EA coordinated with the USACE for ordering some treatment systems prior to conducting site visits as there is a minimum three week lag time for the GAC vessels.

Homes with sufficient space and water distribution systems will be notified that a water treatment system may be installed and a time for installation will be scheduled with HydroTech Alaska and the home owner. These homes will also be given the option for the installation of a water storage tank with supplied water delivery.

Homes without sufficient space, water supply pressure, well production or other required modifications will be further evaluated. These locations will be given the option of having a water tank installed with supplied water delivery.

Locations that are determined to require a different treatment system than the proposed system in this work plan will require additional coordination with the USACE to determine treatment options. Multi-unit housing greater than two residential units will be subject to ADEC review under 18 Alaska Administrative Code (AAC) 80. Design, installation, and operation of these water systems will require an installation specific approach.

A focused approach to sampling some of the systems installed is planned and discussed in Section 4 to evaluate the treatment system effectiveness and to determine if any changes are needed to the treatment trains.



2.0 CARBON TREATMENT SYSTEM

2.1 PROPOSED TREATMENT SYSTEM

The proposed standard treatment system for a single family residence will be installed immediately after the water pressure tank or after any additional home treatment systems such as a water softener or home filtration system. The installation location will be subject to change based on available space, existing plumbing, and pressure demands of the new treatment system. Pretreatment with a water softener or filtration system is not anticipated to negatively affect the performance of the GAC units. Water will flow from the pressure tank to a particulate pre-filter and then through two 5-cubic foot (CF) GAC vessels installed in series. An additional under the sink unit will be installed at the kitchen sink on the cold water line or the main point of use faucet. The system planned for installation under the sink is a Kinetico Kube 14 carbon filtration system. The Kenetico Kube is an off the shelf unit with readily available carbon filters and is planned for installation as an extra precaution. Additionally smaller GAC vessels with restricted flow usage may be installed dependent upon homeowner preference and space. The smaller units will be between 2.5 and 3 CF vessels with a maximum flow rate of 6 gpm. All system components will be NSF International (NSF) approved or equivalently certified.

The 5 CF GAC vessels will be installed in series and a sample port will be installed prior to the lead GAC, between the lead and lag GAC vessels, and after the lag GAC. This will allow for sample collection at any point in the treatment train.

A backwash flow regulator unit is planned for installation on each GAC vessel. If backwash is not feasible for a particular location, i.e. no available drain for treatment system back wash, a direct flow head may be substituted in place of the backwash unit. Backwashing of the GAC vessels is intended to prevent clogging of the GAC vessel; however they are not a requirement for treatment. Systems that are installed with a backwash capability will be set to backwash at a regular interval and will backwash during the night or early morning hours when anticipated water usage is low. A general schematic of the treatment systems are included as Figures 3 and 4. During in the installation of the GAC vessels the water distribution system will be evaluated to ensure that there is a water collection port prior to the existing home water treatment system. It is anticipated that many of the locations will have a sample tap on the home pressure tank however if a sample tap or hose bib are not available then a sample tap or hose bib will be added to the water distribution system. The sample tap or hose bib will be added during the GAC system installation if possible or an alternative time will be arranged with the homeowner for a plumber to return and complete the necessary plumbing modifications. The design analysis with engineering calculations to verify the design and operation parameters is included in Section 2.2 and the details for the manufacturer’s equipment specifications are included in Attachment 1.

The 16-inch 5-micron particulate pre-filter selected will be serviceable. The filter is designed to not need to be replaced frequently, but regular cleaning or replacement of the filter will be required and the frequency of cleaning will be dependent upon the groundwater quality. The filter will be cleaned by EA staff or an EA subcontractor during the quarterly sampling events, however additional cleaning by the home owner may be required. Homeowners will be shown how to remove and clean or replace the particulate pre-filter during the installation process. The particulate pre-filter is an integral part in the



successful operation of the treatment system and it will be made clear to the property owners that no portion of the system should be permanently taken offline.

After the treatment system has been installed an owner’s manual will be provided to the homeowner including a systems operation checklist with clearly identified point of contact information, a general schematic of the installed system, manuals of the equipment installed, and a discussion of the planned quarterly sampling and maintenance. For larger systems a more in-depth Operation and Maintenance Manual describing the treatment system maintenance requirements and troubleshooting steps along with hard copies of the system schematics and primary system components will be provided to the property owner.

2.2 CARBON SYSTEM SIZING

The following is provided as a treatment system design analysis for the proposed GAC system. Additional systems may be required to meet higher flow requirements.

The proposed GAC vessels have an internal volume of 5 CF with a diameter of 18 inches and a height of 65 inches. The GAC vessels will be packed with an NSF certified 12-40 carbon mesh media or another similar product. This vessel size has been selected to provide an empty bed contact time of 7.48 minutes at a maximum designed flow rate of 10 gpm. The empty bed contact time of 7.48 minutes is within the range of empty bed contact time values for perfluorinated compound (PFC) treatment of 6.1 to 13 minutes (Hartten 2009). During more typical home water use of 4 gpm the empty bed contact time will be 18.7 minutes.

Equation 1: Empty Bed Contact Time /

Where

EBCT = Empty Bed Contact time (minutes) V = volume (gallons) (two vessels at 5 CF for a total of 74.8 gallons) Q = Flow rate (gpm)

Smaller systems with restricted flow usage will be another option. Systems including 2.5 or 3 CF carbon vessels would have restricted flow to ensure sufficient contact time. Systems sized with 2.5 CF of GAC would be restricted to a maximum flow rate of 6 gpm to achieve an empty bed contact time of 6.2 minutes. This flow rate could be lowered to 5 gpm to achieve a higher empty bed contact time of 7.48 minutes. Systems sized with 3 CF of GAC would be restricted to 6 gpm to achieve an empty bed contact time of 7.48 minutes.

Estimated carbon usage rates have been calculated based on the Freundlich Isotherm Equation with constants developed and published in bench scale studies and predicted by the carbon manufacturer Calgon Carbon (Calgon).

The adsorption of PFCs has not been as well studied as many other contaminants and there is little published information on the Freundlich Isotherm constants. The constants used for the purpose of this estimation were obtained from a University of Arizona study that evaluated Calgon Fitrasorb 400 carbon



and calculated constants based on measuring feed water concentrations and filter output concentrations at equilibrium concentrations of 12.4-290 micrograms per liter (µg/L). Using constants developed in this study it is estimated that 341 pounds (lbs) of carbon will be required each year based on a usage rate of 400 gpd and initial PFOS concentration of 2.09 µg/L. At the time of this treatment system design 2.09 µg/L was the highest observed PFOS concentration. Constants K=25.9 and n=1.123 were obtained from the scientific paper Removal of Perfluorinated Surfactants by Sorption onto Granular Activated Carbon, Zeolite, and Sludge (Ochoa-Herrera and Alvarez 2008). This calculation has only been performed for PFOS as published constants for PFOA in similar contaminant low level concentration ranges were not available. These calculations are summarized in the equations below.

Equation 2: Freundlich Isotherm Equation ∗

Where

q = mass of material adsorbed per unit mass of adsorbent at equilibrium (milligrams [mg] PFOS/grams [g] Carbon)

K = Freundlich Capacity Factor ([mg/g]/[liters (L) per milligrams]1/n) 25.9 (Ochoa-Herrera and Alvarez 2008)

Ce = equilibrium concentration of adsorbate in liquid phase after adsorption (mg/L) 0.0001 mg/L (breakthrough concentration)

N = Freundlich Intensity Parameter (unitless) 1.123 (Ochoa-Herrera and Alvarez 2008)

Equation 3: Carbon Usage ∗ ∗

454

Where

Pounds Carbon per Year = 341 lbs (calculated based on input values below) Q = average daily flow rate (L/day) 1,514 L/day (400 gallons per day) Ci = influent PFOS concentration (mg/L) 0.00209 mg/L (max influent concentration detected) Ce = effluent PFOS concentration at breakthrough (mg/L) 0.0001 mg/L (contaminant

breakthrough concentration set to ½ EPA PHA Level) Q = mg PFOS/g Carbon (calculated by Equation 2) 0.0071025 mg PFOS/g Carbon 454 g per lb conversion factor

The carbon manufacture, Calgon, was consulted and provided a usage estimation based on maximum input concentrations of PFOS and PFOA of 2.09 and 0.283 µg/L, respectively with treatment using their Filtrasorb 600 carbon. There calculations were based on treatment goals of 0.1 and 0.2 µg/L for PFOS and PFOA, respectively. The treatment goals were set to ½ the EPA PHA levels. The calculations completed by Calgon do not take into account carbon usage from outside sources such total organic carbon (TOC). Based on their proprietary software Calgon estimates a carbon usage of 0.00381 lbs/1,000 gallons of water. This correlates to approximately 0.46 lbs of carbon per year. Natural carbon loading from other sources such as organics or metals can significantly increase the carbon usage per year.



Because PFCs are an emerging contaminate it is not surprising there is a wide range of variability in the estimated carbon usage. Constants developed by Ochoa-Herrera were developed at initial PFOS concentrations two orders of magnitude above the PFOS concentrations found in Moose Creek groundwater so far and it would be expected that this calculation may not be representative of what may occur for the treatment of groundwater in Moose Creek. Additionally the calculation from Calgon does not account for natural carbon usage from potential naturally occurring organic carbon in the aquifer or other carbon loads. Based on the Du Pont study a typical whole home GAC water treatment system with two GAC vessels with 100 lbs each of carbon will run for 1-3 years (Hartten 2009). Because there is a wide variability in estimating contaminant breakthrough quarterly sampling is critical to monitor the effectiveness of the system. Based on the available information it is anticipated that carbon for these systems may need change out in 1 to 3 years.

The natural water chemistry is not well defined and may significantly affect the carbon usage and contaminant breakthrough. Sampling for hardness, total dissolved solids, and total organic carbon has been completed at locations throughout the Moose Creek area and the hardness as CaCO3 has ranged from 174 to 228 mg/L for locations without a water softener in place and at locations with water softeners in place samples were collected after the water softener and were in the range of 0.34 to 80 mg/L. The total dissolved solids (TDS) has ranged from 156 to 331 mg/L, and the TOC has ranged from 0.57 to3.1 mg/L. Measurements of pH and turbidity were also collected during the collection of these water quality samples and pH ranged from 6-8.5 and turbidity ranged from below 1 to 10 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). These results are included in Tables 1 and 2.



3.0 MOOSE CREEK PROPERTIES AND ASSOCIATED TREATMENT OPTIONS

3.1 SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENCES AND DUPLEXES

Single family residences or duplex residential structures will be provided with a GAC system or an above ground or below ground storage tank with water delivery.

3.1.1 Granular Activated Carbon Treatment

Where appropriate, based on home owner preference/agreement and home inspection results for space, plumbing, electrical and structural considerations, a point source or “whole house” carbon treatment system will be installed (Figures 3 and 4). Major components of this system will entail the two 5 CF carbon vessels in series and a pretreatment particulate filter as discussed earlier in this plan. The system will be equipped with a backflush mode that will drain into the existing septic system for the residence. An optional UV treatment system for coliform bacteria may also be added at a later date to the system depending upon the findings of the focused sampling presented in this plan. If UV treatment systems are determined to be necessary then an appropriate NSF/ANSI Standard 55 UV treatment system will be selected for installation. Quarterly sampling of the system effluent will be conducted to ensure that the system is operating as designed to be protective of the human health of the residents. Plumbing and electrical work will be done by licensed and bonded plumbers and electricians respectively and in accordance with State of Alaska building codes.

3.1.2 Tank Installation

Where GAC systems are not practicable and based on the preferences of the individual property owners, an insulated aboveground or below ground holding tank with a minimum capacity of 1,500 gallons, will be installed with regular ADEC approved water delivery scheduled (Figures 5 and 6). The water holding tanks will be NSF certified for contact with drinking water. The aboveground tank will be foam insulated and rest on a compacted gravel pad. The supply line with flexible connections for ground movement would be heat traced and buried to ensure that the system is protected during below freezing conditions. An appropriately sized jet pump and pressure tank will be plumbed in to the residence at an accessible and heated location, with property owner concurrence. Where feasible, an electrical connection for the system power usage will be run from the existing electrical panel for the residence and set up on a separate billing meter from the main residence. If access to or the condition of the existing property electrical panel is not feasible for a hookup, a new power drop will be installed by the local utility company with a separate meter to service the system.

If site conditions and property owner preference indicate that a below ground tank is preferred, then a buried tank will be installed. The tank may require foam insulation and/or heat tracing depending upon final depth of burial and soil cover. A target depth of 48 inches below ground surface to the top of the tank will be the objective; however groundwater in this area may be shallow enough to require mounding to avoid placing the tank in the aquifer.



Plumbing and electrical work for either aboveground or below ground tanks will be done by licensed and bonded plumbers and electricians respectively and in accordance with State of Alaska building codes.

After installation of a below ground or above ground water tanks the existing water softener will be backflushed and the owners water distribution system will be run for approximately 2-3 minutes from each faucet or tap to flush the existing system.

3.2 CLASS C 4-PLEX APPARTMENT COMPLEXES

There are approximately 12 or more 4-plex residential structures that will require installation of a GAC treatment system. The existing groundwater supply systems for these structures are currently unregistered water supply systems however these locations will need to be regulated under 18 AAC 80 and will likely fall under a Class C category requiring system registration as a Class C system. It is anticipated that for these structures, four 5 CF GAC containers with potentially follow on UV treatment will be required to effectively treat for PFCs and any coliform development. This assumption, however, will be verified by the results of the focused sampling effort presented under Section 2.3. Based on recent site inspections, these residential structures will likely require construction of a heated outbuilding to house a GAC treatment system due primarily to space constraints but also structural concerns. Backwash of the treatment system will be plumbed to the existing septic systems on-site if possible otherwise additional consideration and regulatory approval will be required for installation of a non-domestic wastewater system to accept the filter backwash. Plumbing and electrical work will be performed in accordance with State of Alaska building codes by licensed and bonded journeyman contractors. Electrical service for the systems and outbuilding will be metered separate from the main structures. The design and basis for the 4-plex units are provided as Addendum 1 to this Work Plan.

It is anticipated that some property owners may request installation of a bulk water storage tank system and delivered water. Installation of bulk water tanks would still fall under a Class C requirement and sized to adequately support a 4-Plex structure. Aboveground or below ground tanks for this application would have a capacity of no less than 4,000 gallons.

3.3 NON-RESIDENTIAL FACILITIES

Based on recent inspections, there are a number of structures in the Moose Creek subdivision that potentially fall within this category including multiple churches and the volunteer fire station. These structures may be best served with storage tanks and delivered water or a combination of treatment and holding tanks. Based on the inspection results and the expected usage, the churches would be best served with aboveground or below ground tanks and delivered water as described in Section 3.1.2. The volunteer fire department would likely require a GAC treatment system and a holding tank to accommodate the occasional high volume water usage associated with firefighting. This assumption is based on the expectation that water used for firefighting will also have to meet the same PFCs standards as potable water. If this is an incorrect assumption, the station may be best served with a water tank plumbed for potable water use and the existing well used for firefighting needs only. The churches and volunteer fire department will be subject to additional review required under 18 AAC 80. The churches will likely classified as transient public water systems and the fire department will likely require



registration as a Class C public water system. Addition planning and coordination for proper review of these systems will completed on a site specific basis.

3.4 FACILITIES REQUIRING ADDITIONAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AND ADEC REVIEW

There are multiple structures in the area that are currently regulated or likely require regulation and review under 18 AAC 80 for providing a public water supply including:

Moose Creek Apartments (approximately 70 Units) 19 Unit Apartment Complex 11 Unit Apartment Complex Moose Creek Lodge American Legion Building.

The apartment complexes will require engineered treatment systems designed specific to the anticipated potable water capacity required to serve these structures. The design and system installations will be centered around GAC primary treatment and potentially UV follow on treatment for coliform. An insulated outbuilding will be required for these apartment complexes and it’s likely that a non-domestic wastewater system may need to be constructed and permitted for the system backflush to avoid overwhelming the existing septic systems. These engineered system designs will be required to go through plan review or a completely new review with ADEC. It is believed at this time that all of the structures identified above are currently ADEC regulated facilities except for the 11 Unit Apartment Complex and the 19 Unit Apartment Complex. The 11 and 19 unit complexes will require at a minimum a Class C registration with ADEC and possibly a higher level community water system review and approval to be determined by ADEC. The Moose Creek Lodge which has space for a GAC treatment system may want to opt for a tank and delivered water to potentially eliminate permit requirements. The American Legion Building is already currently set up with a tank and delivery service due to issues with the location of their existing supply well being within the defined regulatory radius of an adjoining property’s septic system.



4.0 POST TREATMENT SYSTEM SAMPLING AND REPORTING

4.1 TREATMENT SYSTEM SAMPLING AND REPORTING

Within three days of treatment system installation, EA will collect a post treatment water sample immediately following the water treatment system. However EA plans to collect these water samples the same day after water treatment system installation to minimize any inconvenience to the home owners. Samples will be collected for offsite analysis of PFOS and PFOA in accordance with the DWSP (EA 2015). This DWSP outlines the sampling procedures, required quality control sample types and frequencies, analytical laboratory and associated laboratory limits of quantitation, laboratory quality control steps, and laboratory reporting requirements. As outlined in the DWSP, samples for PFCs using EPA Method 537 will be collected and analyzed with expedited laboratory turnaround times of three business days. Sample results will be compared to 0.1 and 0.2 µg/L for PFOS and PFOA, respectively. These values are ½ the EPA PHA Levels for PFOS and PFOA (USEPA 2014). Sampling for PFOS and PFOA will be conducted quarterly for installed treatment systems as long as the GAC system is installed or an alternative sampling schedule is developed and accepted by project stakeholders.

For locations with an above or below ground water tank installed, the water distribution system will be flushed and samples will be collected at the kitchen sink from the first two tank installations to confirm that upon water use and a system flush, PFCs are no longer present in the home distribution system. The need to further evaluate all individual locations will be determined based on the results of sampling from the first two tank installations. Once this initial sampling has confirmed that PFCs are effectively flushed out of the home system after water use, locations where a water tank is installed will continue to received delivered bottled water for one week after the water tank has been installed to ensure adequate system flushing.

Upon receipt of sample results confirming treatment objectives have been met, a schedule for quarterly sampling will be developed in consultation with the USACE and other stakeholders. A general timeframe for sampling is included in the proposed schedule and will be adjusted based on treatment installation dates and access availability.

Once systems have been installed as-built piping and instrumentation diagrams will be produced by EA, accompanied by photographs of the actual treatment system and these will be submitted in the After Action and As-Built Report.

4.2 FOCUSED SYSTEM SAMPLING

A focused approach to sampling at select locations will be completed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment process and to confirm that the planned system sizing and designed Empty Bed Contact Time are sufficient for effective treatment of PFOS and PFOA. The sampling approach will be designed to evaluate system effectiveness, however an accelerated study to estimate contaminant breakthrough is not planned and therefore regular testing will be completed on all installed systems. The focused system sampling is planned to be completed using three residential locations for the 5 CF systems and 3 for the smaller 2.5-3 CF systems.



4.2.1 Sampling

Sample ports will be installed to allow for sampling at various stages of the treatment train as listed in the table below. A phased approach to the sampling will be conducted. Initially sampling will be conducted every two weeks for the first month to ensure the system is operating as designed. After the first month if there is no indication of PFC breakthrough then sampling will be continued every two weeks for the second and third months. After the first three months, sampling will be completed at least quarterly, but the sampling schedule may be modified based on the initial results of the focused sampling. Sampling procedures will be completed as outlined in the EA Drinking Water Sampling Plan (DWSP) (EA 2015). Samples will be collected for PFCs (EPA 537) this will include a full list of PFCs including PFOS and PFOA, TDS (SM2540C), total suspended solids (TSS) (SM2540D), total coliform (SM9223B), metals (EPA 200.7/200.8/245.1), hardness (SM5310C), TOC (SM5310C), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (524). In addition pH and temperature will be measured in the field. As outlined in the DWSP, samples for PFCs using EPA Method 537 will be collected and analyzed with expedited laboratory turnaround times of three business days. Sample results will be compared to 0.1 and 0.2 µg/L for PFOS and PFOA, respectively. These values are ½ the EPA PHA Levels for PFOS and PFOA. Samples will be collected as outlined in the table below.

Sample Type

Sampling Location PFC TDS TSS

Total Coliforms

Metals and hardness TOC VOCs

pH and temperature

Pre-Treatment X X X X X X X X

Between Lead and Lag GAC tanks

X

X

X

Post GAC Treatment

X X X X X X X X

Sampling for PFCs at the various points in the treatment train will confirm that the activated carbon is effectively removing PFCs. The samples collected for TDS and TSS will assist in troubleshooting system fouling. Sampling for total coliforms at each point throughout the treatment train will serve to evaluate if the treatment system is causing additional formation of coliforms and if so the sampling pretreatment will be evaluated to determine if there is a significant problem in the well itself and weather a UV system is also required. Sampling for metals including a hardness calculation will serve to better evaluate if a pretreatment process should be considered to extend the lifespan of the GAC media. Sampling for TOC and VOCs will serve to evaluate additional loading on the GAC media that could reduce the PFC breakthrough time. Field measurements of pH and temperature will serve to confirm that the treatment system is not altering the water chemistry to unacceptable levels for drinking water.

4.2.2 Reporting



Reporting of the focused sampling will include preliminary laboratory results for PFCs in a table format followed by final validated results for PFCs in table format. The results of the additional water quality samples will be tabulated along with the validated results for the PFCs. A technical memo will be completed after the first month of system testing and will outline the system performance for the first month of operation. An additional technical memo will be completed after the first full quarter of system operation. The results of additional sampling after the first quarter will be completed as outlined in Section 4.1.



5.0 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

Upon completion of GAC treatment systems and/or aboveground or below ground storage tanks, an operation and maintenance package will be provided to the property owners. For single family and duplex residences, this would be a simple checklist with a piping and instrumentation diagram as-built and equipment information attached. For more substantive systems that require ADEC review, an actual bound manual would be completed with as-built drawings, detailed instructions, equipment cutsheets, construction photographs, and vendor information to allow a certified operator to efficiently maintain the systems.



6.0 REFERENCES

EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., PBC, 2015, Work Plan for Environmental Compliance Support, Eielson Air Force Base (AFB), Alaska, Perflurinated Compounds (PFCs) Moose Creek Area Drinking Water Sampling, Analysis, and Treatment. October

Hartten, Andrew S., 2009, Water Treatment for PFOA and PFOS, DuPont Corporate Remediation Group, http://www.epa.gov/oppt/pfoa/pubs/Water%20Treatment%20Methods%20Hartten%20Oct16-09.pdf October

Ochoa-Herrera V, R. Sierra-Alvarez. 2008. Removal of perfluorinated surfactants by sorption onto granular activated carbon, zeolite and sludge. Chemosphere. 72:1588–1593.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2014, Emerging Contaminants – Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Fact Sheet. March

WATER QUALITY RESULTS LOCATIONS WITHOUT WATER SOFTENERS

Field Sample ID 15MC-PW042-WT-WQ 15MC-PW035-WT-WQ 15MC-PW058-WT-WQ 15MC-PW004-WT-WQ 15MC-PW095-WT-WQ 15MC-PW999-WT-WQ-2 15MC-PW073-WT-WQLaboratory ID 7973037 7973038 7973039 7973040 7978826 7978829 7978827

Property ID 042 035 058 004 095 Field duplicate of 15MC-PW095-WT-WQ 073

Address 3388 Osage St, North Pole, AK 99705

4791 Putnam Ln, North Pole, AK 99705

3497 Hope St, North Pole, AK 99705

4911 Adonis Ave, North Pole, AK 99705

3536 Go Thatta Way, North Pole, AK 99705


4404 Lauesen Ave, North Pole, AK 99705

Sample Delivery Group MOO01 MOO01 MOO01 MOO01 MOO02 MOO02 MOO02Sample Collection Date 16-Jul-2015 16-Jul-2015 16-Jul-2015 17-Jul-2015 21-Jul-2015 21-Jul-2015 21-Jul-2015

Analyte Analytical Method Units Results Q Results Q Results Q Results Q Results Q Results Q Results QWater Quality ParameterspH Field - 6.5 6.6 6.7 7.2 7.5 7.5 7.2Turbidity Field NTU 8.7 10.27 15.92 7.51 0.15 0.15 5.15Total Hardness as CaCO3 SM2340B mg/L 186 180 213 174 185 185 221Total Organic Carbon SM5310C mg/L 2.7 1.7 1.3 3.1 2.5 1.8 1.4Total Dissolved Solids SM2540C mg/L 269 262 267 303 292 294 313

Notes:CASRN = Chemical Abstracts Service Registry NumberEPA = U.S. Environmental Protection Agency mg/L = milligram(s) per literNS = not specifiedQ = qualifier

Data Qualifiers:J = The analyte was positively identified; the quantitation is estimated. U = The analyte was analyzed for, but not detected. The associated numerical value is at or below the limit of detection.

TABLE 1

SM = Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater

MOOSE CREEK AREA DRINKING WATER SAMPLING

Page 1 of 2

WATER QUALITY RESULTS LOCATIONS WITHOUT WATER SOFTENERS

Field Sample IDLaboratory ID

Property ID

Address

Sample Delivery GroupSample Collection Date

Analyte Analytical Method UnitsWater Quality ParameterspH Field -Turbidity Field NTUTotal Hardness as CaCO3 SM2340B mg/LTotal Organic Carbon SM5310C mg/LTotal Dissolved Solids SM2540C mg/L


Data Qualifiers:J = The analyte was positively identified; the quantitation is estimated. U = The analyte was analyzed for, but not detected. The associated numerical value is at

TABLE 1


MOOSE CREEK AREA DRINKING WATER SAMPLING15MC-PW046-WT-WQ 15MC-PW020-WT-WQ 15MC-PW132-WT-WQ 15MC-PW080-WT-WQ 15MC-PW018-WT-WQ 15MC-PW099-WT-WQ 15MC-PW081-WT-WQ

7978828 7978830 7978831 7978832 7981947 7981948 7985356

046 020 132 080 018 099 081

4454 Lauesen Ave, North Pole, AK 99705

3340 Cory St, North Pole, AK 99705

3518 Hope St, North Pole, AK 99705

4700 Rivers St, North Pole, AK 99705

3423 Old Richardson Hwy, North Pole, AK

99705


4708 Rivers St, North Pole, AK 99705

MOO02 MOO02 MOO02 MOO02 MOO003 MOO03 MOO0421-Jul-2015 22-Jul-2015 22-Jul-2015 22-Jul-2015 23-Jul-2015 23-Jul-2015 27-Jul-2015

Results Q Results Q Results Q Results Q Results Q Results Q Results Q

7.4 6.8 6.6 6.5 7.5 7.6 7.80.44 0.49 0.57 1.17 0.35 7.1 0.18228 204 202 202 177 195 1881.1 0.92 J 0.57 J 1.8 1.0 U 0.89 J 2.1

291 261 156 309 213 245 296

Page 2 of 2

Field Sample ID 15MC-PW039-WT-WQ 15MC-PW038-WT-WQ 15MC-PW074-WT-WQ 15MC-PW999-WT-WQ-1Laboratory ID 7973035 7973036 7973044 7973045

Property ID 039 038 074 Field duplicate of 15MC-PW074-WT-WQ

Address 4824 Da Nephew St, North Pole, AK 99705

4814 Da Nephew St, North Pole, AK 99705

3342 Montana Cir, North Pole, AK 99705

3342 Montana Cir, North Pole, AK 99705

Sample Delivery Group MOO01 MOO01 MOO01 MOO01Sample Collection Date 16-Jul-2015 16-Jul-2015 17-Jul-2015 17-Jul-2015

Analyte Analytical Method Units Results Q Results Q Results Q Results QWater Quality ParameterspH Field - 7.2 7.6 7.5 7.5Turbidity Field NTU 0.87 0.98 3 3Total Hardness as CaCO3 SM2340B mg/L 79.0 0.35 19.4 19.5Total Organic Carbon SM5310C mg/L 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.7Total Dissolved Solids SM2540C mg/L 252 266 281 281


Data Qualifiers:J = The analyte was positively identified; the quantitation is estimated. U = The analyte was analyzed for, but not detected. The associated numerical value is at or below the limit of detection.

MOOSE CREEK AREA DRINKING WATER SAMPLING


TABLE 2WATER QUALITY RESULTS LOCATIONS WITH WATER SOFTENERS

Page 1 of 1

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Attachment 1 Treatment System Components

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Attachment 2 Red Line Work Plan

THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE

FINAL

MOOSE CREEK WATER TREATMENT WORK PLAN EIELSON AIR FORCE BASE, ALASKA

Prepared for:

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Contract No. W911KB-14-D-0019

October 2015

Deleted: ¶<object>¶DRAFT

Field Code Changed

Deleted: Agust

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

LIST OF ATTACHMENTS & ADDENDUMS............................................................................................ i LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................... i LIST OF tablEs .............................................................................................................................................. i LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................... ii 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 WORK PLAN OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................... 1-1 2.0 CARBON TREATMENT SYSTEM ............................................................................................... 2-1

2.1 PROPOSED TREATMENT SYSTEM ...................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 CARBON SYSTEM SIZING ..................................................................................................... 2-2

3.0 Moose Creek Properties and Associated Treatment Options ........................................................... 2-1 3.1 SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENCES AND DUPLEXES .............................................................. 3-1

3.1.1 Granular Activated Carbon Treatment ................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.2 Tank Installation .................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 CLASS C 4-PLEX APPARTMENT COMPLEXES .................................................................. 3-2 3.3 NON-RESIDENTIAL FACILITIES .......................................................................................... 3-2

3.4 FACILITIES REQUIRING ADDITIONAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AND ADEC REVIEW ................................................................................................................................................ 3-2

4.0 POST TREATMENT SYSTEM SAMPLING AND REPORTING................................................ 4-1 4.1 TREATMENT SYSTEM SAMPLING AND REPORTING ..................................................... 4-1 4.2 FOCUSED SYSTEM SAMPLING ............................................................................................ 4-1

4.2.1 Sampling ................................................................................................................................ 4-2

4.2.2 Reporting ................................................................................................................................ 4-2

5.0 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................... 5-1 6.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................ 6-1

Deleted: LIST OF ATTACHMENTS i¶LIST OF FIGURES i¶LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ii¶1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1¶1.1 WORK PLAN OVERVIEW 1-1¶

2.0 CARBON TREATMENT SYSTEM 2-1¶2.1 PROPOSED TREATMENT SYSTEM 2-1¶2.2 CARBON SYSTEM SIZING 2-2¶

3.0 SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENCES AND DUPLEXES 2-1¶3.1 SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENCES AND DUPLEXES 3-1¶3.1.1 Granular Activated Carbon Treatment 3-1¶3.1.2 Tank Installation 3-1¶

3.2 CLASS C 4-PLEX APPARTMENT COMPLEXES 3-2¶3.3 NON-RESIDENTIAL NONPERMITTED FACILITIES 3-2¶3.4 PERMITTED FACILITIES AND FACILITIES LIKELY REQUIRING PERMITTING 3-2¶

4.0 POST TREATMENT SYSTEM SAMPLING AND REPORTING 4-1¶4.1 TREATMENT SYSTEM SAMPLING AND REPORTING 4-1¶4.2 FOCUSED SYSTEM SAMPLING 4-1¶4.2.1 Sampling 4-2¶4.2.2 Reporting 4-2¶

5.0 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 5-1¶6.0 REFERENCES 6-1¶


i Moose Creek, Alaska

LIST OF ATTACHMENTS & ADDENDUMS

Attachment 1 – Treatment System Components Attachment 2 - Work Plan Red Line Version Addendum 1 – Basis for Design – 4-Plex Multi-Housing

LIST OF FIGURES Number Title

1 Eielson Air Force Base

2 Moose Creek Area

3 Moose Creek Treatment System Details 5 Cubic Foot

4 Moose Creek Treatment System Details 2.5-3 Cubic Foot

5 Moose Creek Residential Above Ground Water Storage Tank

6 Moose Creek Residential Below Ground Water Storage Tank

LIST OF TABLES

Number Title

1 Water Quality Results Locations Without Water Softeners

2 Water Quality Results Locations With Water Softeners

Deleted: Manufacturer’s Equipment Specifications

Deleted: Section Break (Next Page)


ii Moose Creek, Alaska

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS µg/L micrograms per liter AAC Alaska Administrative Code ADEC Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Calgon Calgon Carbon CF cubic foot DWSP Drinking Water Sampling Plan EA EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., PBC EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency g grams GAC granular activated carbon gpm gallons per minute L liters lbs pounds mg milligrams NSF NSF International PFC perfluorinated compound PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid PFOS perfluorooctane sulfonate PHA Provisional Health Advisory

TDS total dissolved solids TOC total organic carbon TSS total suspended soilds

USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers UV ultraviolet

VOC volatile organic compound


iii Moose Creek, Alaska




1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 WORK PLAN OVERVIEW

This work plan has been prepared to outline the steps necessary to evaluate locations for installation of a drinking water treatment system and to provide general details of the planned whole home drinking water treatment systems installation. At the time of this work plan, the community of Moose Creek located outside of Eielson Air Force Base (Figures 1 and 2) has had over 151 properties sampled for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) impacts in drinking water from individual groundwater sources and to date 133 properties had drinking water exceedances for PFOS above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Provisional Health Advisory (PHA) level. Further information on the PHA for PFOS and PFOA can be found in a Fact Sheet published by the EPA (EPA 2014).

The following identifies the approach that will be taken to evaluate locations and install the whole home drinking water treatment systems:

• The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) provided EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., PBC (EA) with a prioritized list of locations for treatment system installation. Prioritization is being completed by the USACE to provide the best path forward for addressing treatment system installation options or alternatives on a case by case basis.

• EA will review the available information for each property and coordinate a site visit with the USACE and property owner to evaluate the water distribution system in place. EA has been in the process of conducting investigations at all locations with PFOS or PFOA groundwater concentrations above the EPA PHA level to evaluate what options may be available at each location.

• During the inspection, EA and to the extent needed EAs subcontractor HydroTech Alaska will collect measurements of available space for installation of the individual treatment system, evaluate accessible drain options for filter backwash if needed, discuss treatment system installation placement with the property owner, make note of any unusual plumbing or unique water distribution systems that will require additional modifications prior to the installation of a water treatment system, and collect information on the well production rate and home pressure tank to ensure sufficient flow of at least 2 gallons per minute (gpm) and sufficient pressure can be supplied to adequately run the water treatment system. It is anticipated that some specifics at various locations will remain unknown as owners may not know the details of their system and some components may be inaccessible. HydroTech Alaska has been in business in Fairbanks, Alaska installing residential water treatment systems since 1979, and they have installed more than 500 whole home granular activated carbon (GAC) systems. They will be involved in initially evaluating existing water distribution systems to expedite the process and to help eliminate unforeseen system installation problems during the scheduled system installation.

Deleted: 130

Deleted: 109



• EA coordinated with the USACE for ordering some treatment systems prior to conducting site visits as there is a minimum three week lag time for the GAC vessels.

• Homes with sufficient space and water distribution systems will be notified that a water treatment system may be installed and a time for installation will be scheduled with HydroTech Alaska and the home owner. These homes will also be given the option for the installation of a water storage tank with supplied water delivery.

• Homes without sufficient space, water supply pressure, well production or other required modifications will be further evaluated. These locations will be given the option of having a water tank installed with supplied water delivery.

• Locations that are determined to require a different treatment system than the proposed system in this work plan will require additional coordination with the USACE to determine treatment options. Multi-unit housing greater than two residential units will be subject to ADEC review under 18 Alaska Administrative Code (AAC) 80. Design, installation, and operation of these water systems will require an installation specific approach.

• A focused approach to sampling some of the systems installed is planned and discussed in Section 4 to evaluate the treatment system effectiveness and to determine if any changes are needed to the treatment trains.

Deleted: public water supply regulations



2.0 CARBON TREATMENT SYSTEM

2.1 PROPOSED TREATMENT SYSTEM

The proposed standard treatment system for a single family residence will be installed immediately after the water pressure tank or after any additional home treatment systems such as a water softener or home filtration system. The installation location will be subject to change based on available space, existing plumbing, and pressure demands of the new treatment system. Pretreatment with a water softener or filtration system is not anticipated to negatively affect the performance of the GAC units. Water will flow from the pressure tank to a particulate pre-filter and then through two 5-cubic foot (CF) GAC vessels installed in series. An additional under the sink unit will be installed at the kitchen sink on the cold water line or the main point of use faucet. The system planned for installation under the sink is a Kinetico Kube 14 carbon filtration system. The Kenetico Kube is an off the shelf unit with readily available carbon filters and is planned for installation as an extra precaution. Additionally smaller GAC vessels with restricted flow usage may be installed dependent upon homeowner preference and space. The smaller units will be between 2.5 and 3 CF vessels with a maximum flow rate of 6 gpm. All system components will be NSF International (NSF) approved or equivalently certified.

The 5 CF GAC vessels will be installed in series and a sample port will be installed prior to the lead GAC, between the lead and lag GAC vessels, and after the lag GAC. This will allow for sample collection at any point in the treatment train.

A backwash flow regulator unit is planned for installation on each GAC vessel. If backwash is not feasible for a particular location, i.e. no available drain for treatment system back wash, a direct flow head may be substituted in place of the backwash unit. Backwashing of the GAC vessels is intended to prevent clogging of the GAC vessel; however they are not a requirement for treatment. Systems that are installed with a backwash capability will be set to backwash at a regular interval and will backwash during the night or early morning hours when anticipated water usage is low. A general schematic of the treatment systems are included as Figures 3 and 4. During in the installation of the GAC vessels the water distribution system will be evaluated to ensure that there is a water collection port prior to the existing home water treatment system. It is anticipated that many of the locations will have a sample tap on the home pressure tank however if a sample tap or hose bib are not available then a sample tap or hose bib will be added to the water distribution system. The sample tap or hose bib will be added during the GAC system installation if possible or an alternative time will be arranged with the homeowner for a plumber to return and complete the necessary plumbing modifications. The design analysis with engineering calculations to verify the design and operation parameters is included in Section 2.2 and the details for the manufacturer’s equipment specifications are included in Attachment 1.

The 16-inch 5-micron particulate pre-filter selected will be serviceable. The filter is designed to not need to be replaced frequently, but regular cleaning or replacement of the filter will be required and the frequency of cleaning will be dependent upon the groundwater quality. The filter will be cleaned by EA staff or an EA subcontractor during the quarterly sampling events, however additional cleaning by the home owner may be required. Homeowners will be shown how to remove and clean or replace the particulate pre-filter during the installation process. The particulate pre-filter is an integral part in the



successful operation of the treatment system and it will be made clear to the property owners that no portion of the system should be permanently taken offline.

After the treatment system has been installed an owner’s manual will be provided to the homeowner including a systems operation checklist with clearly identified point of contact information, a general schematic of the installed system, manuals of the equipment installed, and a discussion of the planned quarterly sampling and maintenance. For larger systems a more in-depth Operation and Maintenance Manual describing the treatment system maintenance requirements and troubleshooting steps along with hard copies of the system schematics and primary system components will be provided to the property owner.

2.2 CARBON SYSTEM SIZING

The following is provided as a treatment system design analysis for the proposed GAC system. Additional systems may be required to meet higher flow requirements.

The proposed GAC vessels have an internal volume of 5 CF with a diameter of 18 inches and a height of 65 inches. The GAC vessels will be packed with an NSF certified 12-40 carbon mesh media or another similar product. This vessel size has been selected to provide an empty bed contact time of 7.48 minutes at a maximum designed flow rate of 10 gpm. The empty bed contact time of 7.48 minutes is within the range of empty bed contact time values for perfluorinated compound (PFC) treatment of 6.1 to 13 minutes (Hartten 2009). During more typical home water use of 4 gpm the empty bed contact time will be 18.7 minutes.

Equation 1: Empty Bed Contact Time 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 𝑉/𝑄

Where

EBCT = Empty Bed Contact time (minutes) V = volume (gallons) (two vessels at 5 CF for a total of 74.8 gallons) Q = Flow rate (gpm)

Smaller systems with restricted flow usage will be another option. Systems including 2.5 or 3 CF carbon vessels would have restricted flow to ensure sufficient contact time. Systems sized with 2.5 CF of GAC would be restricted to a maximum flow rate of 6 gpm to achieve an empty bed contact time of 6.2 minutes. This flow rate could be lowered to 5 gpm to achieve a higher empty bed contact time of 7.48 minutes. Systems sized with 3 CF of GAC would be restricted to 6 gpm to achieve an empty bed contact time of 7.48 minutes.

Estimated carbon usage rates have been calculated based on the Freundlich Isotherm Equation with constants developed and published in bench scale studies and predicted by the carbon manufacturer Calgon Carbon (Calgon).

The adsorption of PFCs has not been as well studied as many other contaminants and there is little published information on the Freundlich Isotherm constants. The constants used for the purpose of this estimation were obtained from a University of Arizona study that evaluated Calgon Fitrasorb 400 carbon

Deleted: a system

Deleted: or

Deleted: for larger systems



and calculated constants based on measuring feed water concentrations and filter output concentrations at equilibrium concentrations of 12.4-290 micrograms per liter (µg/L). Using constants developed in this study it is estimated that 341 pounds (lbs) of carbon will be required each year based on a usage rate of 400 gpd and initial PFOS concentration of 2.09 µg/L. At the time of this treatment system design 2.09 µg/L was the highest observed PFOS concentration. Constants K=25.9 and n=1.123 were obtained from the scientific paper Removal of Perfluorinated Surfactants by Sorption onto Granular Activated Carbon, Zeolite, and Sludge (Ochoa-Herrera and Alvarez 2008). This calculation has only been performed for PFOS as published constants for PFOA in similar contaminant low level concentration ranges were not available. These calculations are summarized in the equations below.

Equation 2: Freundlich Isotherm Equation 𝑞 = 𝐾 ∗ 𝐸𝑒1𝑛

Where

q = mass of material adsorbed per unit mass of adsorbent at equilibrium (milligrams [mg] PFOS/grams [g] Carbon)

K = Freundlich Capacity Factor ([mg/g]/[liters (L) per milligrams]1/n) 25.9 (Ochoa-Herrera and Alvarez 2008)

Ce = equilibrium concentration of adsorbate in liquid phase after adsorption (mg/L) 0.0001 mg/L (breakthrough concentration)

N = Freundlich Intensity Parameter (unitless) 1.123 (Ochoa-Herrera and Alvarez 2008)

Equation 3: Carbon Usage 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝐸𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃𝐶 𝑦𝑃𝐶𝐶 = �𝑄∗365∗(𝐶𝐼−𝐶𝑒)𝑞

�÷ 454 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝

Where

Pounds Carbon per Year = 341 lbs (calculated based on input values below) Q = average daily flow rate (L/day) 1,514 L/day (400 gallons per day) Ci = influent PFOS concentration (mg/L) 0.00209 mg/L (max influent concentration detected) Ce = effluent PFOS concentration at breakthrough (mg/L) 0.0001 mg/L (contaminant

breakthrough concentration set to ½ EPA PHA Level) Q = mg PFOS/g Carbon (calculated by Equation 2) 0.0071025 mg PFOS/g Carbon 454 g per lb conversion factor

The carbon manufacture, Calgon, was consulted and provided a usage estimation based on maximum input concentrations of PFOS and PFOA of 2.09 and 0.283 µg/L, respectively with treatment using their Filtrasorb 600 carbon. There calculations were based on treatment goals of 0.1 and 0.2 µg/L for PFOS and PFOA, respectively. The treatment goals were set to ½ the EPA PHA levels. The calculations completed by Calgon do not take into account carbon usage from outside sources such total organic carbon (TOC). Based on their proprietary software Calgon estimates a carbon usage of 0.00381 lbs/1,000 gallons of water. This correlates to approximately 0.46 lbs of carbon per year. Natural carbon loading from other sources such as organics or metals can significantly increase the carbon usage per year.



Because PFCs are an emerging contaminate it is not surprising there is a wide range of variability in the estimated carbon usage. Constants developed by Ochoa-Herrera were developed at initial PFOS concentrations two orders of magnitude above the PFOS concentrations found in Moose Creek groundwater so far and it would be expected that this calculation may not be representative of what may occur for the treatment of groundwater in Moose Creek. Additionally the calculation from Calgon does not account for natural carbon usage from potential naturally occurring organic carbon in the aquifer or other carbon loads. Based on the Du Pont study a typical whole home GAC water treatment system with two GAC vessels with 100 lbs each of carbon will run for 1-3 years (Hartten 2009). Because there is a wide variability in estimating contaminant breakthrough quarterly sampling is critical to monitor the effectiveness of the system. Based on the available information it is anticipated that carbon for these systems may need change out in 1 to 3 years.

The natural water chemistry is not well defined and may significantly affect the carbon usage and contaminant breakthrough. Sampling for hardness, total dissolved solids, and total organic carbon has been completed at locations throughout the Moose Creek area and the hardness as CaCO3 has ranged from 174 to 228 mg/L for locations without a water softener in place and at locations with water softeners in place samples were collected after the water softener and were in the range of 0.34 to 80 mg/L. The total dissolved solids (TDS) has ranged from 156 to 331 mg/L, and the TOC has ranged from 0.57 to3.1 mg/L. Measurements of pH and turbidity were also collected during the collection of these water quality samples and pH ranged from 6-8.5 and turbidity ranged from below 1 to 10 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU). These results are included in Tables 1 and 2.

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3.0 MOOSE CREEK PROPERTIES AND ASSOCIATED TREATMENT OPTIONS

3.1 SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENCES AND DUPLEXES

Single family residences or duplex residential structures will be provided with a GAC system or an above ground or below ground storage tank with water delivery.

3.1.1 Granular Activated Carbon Treatment

Where appropriate, based on home owner preference/agreement and home inspection results for space, plumbing, electrical and structural considerations, a point source or “whole house” carbon treatment system will be installed (Figures 3 and 4). Major components of this system will entail the two 5 CF carbon vessels in series and a pretreatment particulate filter as discussed earlier in this plan. The system will be equipped with a backflush mode that will drain into the existing septic system for the residence. An optional UV treatment system for coliform bacteria may also be added at a later date to the system depending upon the findings of the focused sampling presented in this plan. If UV treatment systems are determined to be necessary then an appropriate NSF/ANSI Standard 55 UV treatment system will be selected for installation. Quarterly sampling of the system effluent will be conducted to ensure that the system is operating as designed to be protective of the human health of the residents. Plumbing and electrical work will be done by licensed and bonded plumbers and electricians respectively and in accordance with State of Alaska building codes.

3.1.2 Tank Installation

Where GAC systems are not practicable and based on the preferences of the individual property owners, an insulated aboveground or below ground holding tank with a minimum capacity of 1,500 gallons, will be installed with regular ADEC approved water delivery scheduled (Figures 5 and 6). The water holding tanks will be NSF certified for contact with drinking water. The aboveground tank will be foam insulated and rest on a compacted gravel pad. The supply line with flexible connections for ground movement would be heat traced and buried to ensure that the system is protected during below freezing conditions. An appropriately sized jet pump and pressure tank will be plumbed in to the residence at an accessible and heated location, with property owner concurrence. Where feasible, an electrical connection for the system power usage will be run from the existing electrical panel for the residence and set up on a separate billing meter from the main residence. If access to or the condition of the existing property electrical panel is not feasible for a hookup, a new power drop will be installed by the local utility company with a separate meter to service the system.

If site conditions and property owner preference indicate that a below ground tank is preferred, then a buried tank will be installed. The tank may require foam insulation and/or heat tracing depending upon final depth of burial and soil cover. A target depth of 48 inches below ground surface to the top of the tank will be the objective; however groundwater in this area may be shallow enough to require mounding to avoid placing the tank in the aquifer.

Deleted: <#>SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENCES AND DUPLEXES¶

Deleted: permitted

Deleted: tankwill



Plumbing and electrical work for either aboveground or below ground tanks will be done by licensed and bonded plumbers and electricians respectively and in accordance with State of Alaska building codes.

After installation of a below ground or above ground water tanks the existing water softener will be backflushed and the owners water distribution system will be run for approximately 2-3 minutes from each faucet or tap to flush the existing system.

3.2 CLASS C 4-PLEX APPARTMENT COMPLEXES

There are approximately 12 or more 4-plex residential structures that will require installation of a GAC treatment system. The existing groundwater supply systems for these structures are currently unregistered water supply systems however these locations will need to be regulated under 18 AAC 80 and will likely fall under a Class C category requiring system registration as a Class C system. It is anticipated that for these structures, four 5 CF GAC containers with potentially follow on UV treatment will be required to effectively treat for PFCs and any coliform development. This assumption, however, will be verified by the results of the focused sampling effort presented under Section 2.3. Based on recent site inspections, these residential structures will likely require construction of a heated outbuilding to house a GAC treatment system due primarily to space constraints but also structural concerns. Backwash of the treatment system will be plumbed to the existing septic systems on-site if possible otherwise additional consideration and regulatory approval will be required for installation of a non-domestic wastewater system to accept the filter backwash. Plumbing and electrical work will be performed in accordance with State of Alaska building codes by licensed and bonded journeyman contractors. Electrical service for the systems and outbuilding will be metered separate from the main structures. The design and basis for the 4-plex units are provided as Addendum 1 to this Work Plan.

3.3 NON-RESIDENTIAL FACILITIES

Based on recent inspections, there are a number of structures in the Moose Creek subdivision that potentially fall within this category including multiple churches and the volunteer fire station. These structures may be best served with storage tanks and delivered water or a combination of treatment and holding tanks. Based on the inspection results and the expected usage, the churches would be best served with aboveground or below ground tanks and delivered water as described in Section 3.1.2. The volunteer fire department would likely require a GAC treatment system and a holding tank to accommodate the occasional high volume water usage associated with firefighting. This assumption is based on the expectation that water used for firefighting will also have to meet the same PFCs standards as potable water. If this is an incorrect assumption, the station may be best served with a water tank plumbed for potable water use and the existing well used for firefighting needs only. The churches and volunteer fire department will be subject to additional review required under 18 AAC 80. The churches will likely classified as transient public water systems and the fire department will likely require registration as a Class C public water system. Addition planning and coordination for proper review of these systems will completed on a site specific basis.

3.4 FACILITIES REQUIRING ADDITIONAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AND ADEC REVIEW

Deleted: unpermitted as they do not meet the number of residents threshold requirement for ADEC permitting per 18 AAC 80. However, by incorporating a GAC treatment system and potentially a UV treatment system into these existing water supply systems, the systems will then automatically fall under a “Class C” category per 18 AAC 80 and will require regulatory plan review and issuance of a permit by ADEC.

Deleted: .

Deleted: NONPERMITTED

Deleted: PERMITTED

Deleted: FACILITIES LIKELY REQUIRING PERMITTING



There are multiple structures in the area that are currently regulated or likely require regulation and review under 18 AAC 80 for providing a public water supply including:

• Moose Creek Apartments (approximately 70 Units) • 19 Unit Apartment Complex • 11 Unit Apartment Complex • Moose Creek Lodge • American Legion Building.

The apartment complexes will require engineered treatment systems designed specific to the anticipated potable water capacity required to serve these structures. The design and system installations will be centered around GAC primary treatment and potentially UV follow on treatment for coliform. An insulated outbuilding will be required for these apartment complexes and it’s likely that a non-domestic wastewater system may need to be constructed and permitted for the system backflush to avoid overwhelming the existing septic systems. These engineered system designs will be required to go through plan review or a completely new review with ADEC. It is believed at this time that all of the structures identified above are currently ADEC regulated facilities except for the 11 Unit Apartment Complex and the 19 Unit Apartment Complex. The 11 and 19 unit complexes will require at a minimum a Class C registration with ADEC and possibly a higher level community water system review and approval to be determined by ADEC. The Moose Creek Lodge which has space for a GAC treatment system may want to opt for a tank and delivered water to potentially eliminate permit requirements. The American Legion Building is already currently set up with a tank and delivery service due to issues with the location of their existing supply well being within the defined regulatory radius of an adjoining property’s septic system.

Deleted: permitted

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4.0 POST TREATMENT SYSTEM SAMPLING AND REPORTING

4.1 TREATMENT SYSTEM SAMPLING AND REPORTING

Within three days of treatment system installation, EA will collect a post treatment water sample immediately following the water treatment system. However EA plans to collect these water samples the same day after water treatment system installation to minimize any inconvenience to the home owners. Samples will be collected for offsite analysis of PFOS and PFOA in accordance with the DWSP (EA 2015). This DWSP outlines the sampling procedures, required quality control sample types and frequencies, analytical laboratory and associated laboratory limits of quantitation, laboratory quality control steps, and laboratory reporting requirements. As outlined in the DWSP, samples for PFCs using EPA Method 537 will be collected and analyzed with expedited laboratory turnaround times of three business days. Sample results will be compared to 0.1 and 0.2 µg/L for PFOS and PFOA, respectively. These values are ½ the EPA PHA Levels for PFOS and PFOA (USEPA 2014). Sampling for PFOS and PFOA will be conducted quarterly for installed treatment systems as long as the GAC system is installed or an alternative sampling schedule is developed and accepted by project stakeholders.

For locations with an above or below ground water tank installed, the water distribution system will be flushed and samples will be collected at the kitchen sink from the first two tank installations to confirm that upon water use and a system flush, PFCs are no longer present in the home distribution system. The need to further evaluate all individual locations will be determined based on the results of sampling from the first two tank installations. Once this initial sampling has confirmed that PFCs are effectively flushed out of the home system after water use, locations where a water tank is installed will continue to received delivered bottled water for one week after the water tank has been installed to ensure adequate system flushing.

Upon receipt of sample results confirming treatment objectives have been met, a schedule for quarterly sampling will be developed in consultation with the USACE and other stakeholders. A general timeframe for sampling is included in the proposed schedule and will be adjusted based on treatment installation dates and access availability.

Once systems have been installed as-built piping and instrumentation diagrams will be produced by EA, accompanied by photographs of the actual treatment system and these will be submitted in the After Action and As-Built Report.

4.2 FOCUSED SYSTEM SAMPLING

A focused approach to sampling at select locations will be completed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment process and to confirm that the planned system sizing and designed Empty Bed Contact Time are sufficient for effective treatment of PFOS and PFOA. The sampling approach will be designed to evaluate system effectiveness, however an accelerated study to estimate contaminant breakthrough is not planned and therefore regular testing will be completed on all installed systems. The focused system sampling is planned to be completed using three residential locations for the 5 CF systems and 3 for the smaller 2.5-3 CF systems.



4.2.1 Sampling

Sample ports will be installed to allow for sampling at various stages of the treatment train as listed in the table below. A phased approach to the sampling will be conducted. Initially sampling will be conducted every two weeks for the first month to ensure the system is operating as designed. After the first month if there is no indication of PFC breakthrough then sampling will be continued every two weeks for the second and third months. After the first three months, sampling will be completed at least quarterly, but the sampling schedule may be modified based on the initial results of the focused sampling. Sampling procedures will be completed as outlined in the EA Drinking Water Sampling Plan (DWSP) (EA 2015). Samples will be collected for PFCs (EPA 537) this will include a full list of PFCs including PFOS and PFOA, TDS (SM2540C), total suspended solids (TSS) (SM2540D), total coliform (SM9223B), metals (EPA 200.7/200.8/245.1), hardness (SM5310C), TOC (SM5310C), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (524). In addition pH and temperature will be measured in the field. As outlined in the DWSP, samples for PFCs using EPA Method 537 will be collected and analyzed with expedited laboratory turnaround times of three business days. Sample results will be compared to 0.1 and 0.2 µg/L for PFOS and PFOA, respectively. These values are ½ the EPA PHA Levels for PFOS and PFOA. Samples will be collected as outlined in the table below.

Sample Type

Sampling Location PFC TDS TSS

Total Coliforms

Metals and hardness TOC VOCs

pH and temperature

Pre-Treatment X X X X X X X X

Between Lead and Lag GAC tanks

X

X

X

Post GAC Treatment

X X X X X X X X

Sampling for PFCs at the various points in the treatment train will confirm that the activated carbon is effectively removing PFCs. The samples collected for TDS and TSS will assist in troubleshooting system fouling. Sampling for total coliforms at each point throughout the treatment train will serve to evaluate if the treatment system is causing additional formation of coliforms and if so the sampling pretreatment will be evaluated to determine if there is a significant problem in the well itself and weather a UV system is also required. Sampling for metals including a hardness calculation will serve to better evaluate if a pretreatment process should be considered to extend the lifespan of the GAC media. Sampling for TOC and VOCs will serve to evaluate additional loading on the GAC media that could reduce the PFC breakthrough time. Field measurements of pH and temperature will serve to confirm that the treatment system is not altering the water chemistry to unacceptable levels for drinking water.

4.2.2 Reporting

Deleted: bi-weekly

Deleted: completed biweekly

Deleted: fecal

Deleted: SM9221E

Deleted: Fecal Coliform

Deleted: fecal



Reporting of the focused sampling will include preliminary laboratory results for PFCs in a table format followed by final validated results for PFCs in table format. The results of the additional water quality samples will be tabulated along with the validated results for the PFCs. A technical memo will be completed after the first month of system testing and will outline the system performance for the first month of operation. An additional technical memo will be completed after the first full quarter of system operation. The results of additional sampling after the first quarter will be completed as outlined in Section 4.1.

Deleted: Section Break (Next Page)



5.0 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

Upon completion of GAC treatment systems and/or aboveground or below ground storage tanks, an operation and maintenance package will be provided to the property owners. For single family and duplex residences, this would be a simple checklist with a piping and instrumentation diagram as-built and equipment information attached. For more substantive systems that require ADEC review, an actual bound manual would be completed with as-built drawings, detailed instructions, equipment cutsheets, construction photographs, and vendor information to allow a certified operator to efficiently maintain the systems.

Deleted: permitting



6.0 REFERENCES

EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., PBC, 2015, Work Plan for Environmental Compliance Support, Eielson Air Force Base (AFB), Alaska, Perflurinated Compounds (PFCs) Moose Creek Area Drinking Water Sampling, Analysis, and Treatment. October

Hartten, Andrew S., 2009, Water Treatment for PFOA and PFOS, DuPont Corporate Remediation Group, http://www.epa.gov/oppt/pfoa/pubs/Water%20Treatment%20Methods%20Hartten%20Oct16-09.pdf October

Ochoa-Herrera V, R. Sierra-Alvarez. 2008. Removal of perfluorinated surfactants by sorption onto granular activated carbon, zeolite and sludge. Chemosphere. 72:1588–1593.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2014, Emerging Contaminants – Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Fact Sheet. March

http://www.epa.gov/oppt/pfoa/pubs/Water%20Treatment%20Methods%20Hartten%20Oct16-09.pdf

http://www.epa.gov/oppt/pfoa/pubs/Water%20Treatment%20Methods%20Hartten%20Oct16-09.pdf

Title: Moose Creek Water Treatment Work Plan- Addendum 1 EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., PBC Contract No.: W911KB-14-D-0019

Addendum 1 Basis for Design – 4-Plex Multi-Housing

Attachment 1 –Treatment System Design

Attachment 2 – Manufacturer Information and Specifications


1 Moose Creek, Alaska

Addendum 1 Basis for Design – 4-Plex Multi-Housing Moose Creek PFC GAC Treatment: The following Basis for Design (Attachment 1) for granulated activate carbon (GAC) is based on parameters obtained from manufacturer specification sheets (Attachment 2) as well as site visits, sampling results, and consultation with local plumbing outfits.

• Assume 16 people per 4-plex and 75 gallons/person/day of water use • The total pressure head loss through the system is expected to be approximately 35 psi for a

system flow rate of 10 gallons per minute (gpm) and approximately 45 psi for a flow rate of 20 gpm. The estimated pressure head loss for individual system components is as follows:

o 5 Micron Pre-Filter: 2 psi and 8 psi for flow rates of 10 and 20 gpm respectively; o Water Softener: 15 psi loss for continuous flow; o GAC system: 6 psi loss for a flow rate of 10 gpm through the filter bed. A total pressure

head loss of 10 psi was used to account for minor losses through the vessel plumbing and fittings;

o Piping: 0.03 psi/ft. and 0.1 psi/ft. for flow rates of 10 and 20 gpm respectively in 1-inch smooth walled plastic pipe;

o Minor losses through fittings: Less than 3 psi and 5 psi for flow rates of 10 and 20 gpm respectively.

• A water softener capable of removing a total of 30,000 grains per day will be utilized. Sizing of the water softener was performed using the following parameters:

o July 2015 sampling event maximum hardness (228 mg/L) and iron (5.27 mg/L) results from wells 15MC-PW046 and 15MC-PW058 respectively;

• The pressure tank shall be rated to provide 10 or 20 gpm while maintaining a 2 minute run time to allow for pump cycling;

• A NSF-55 Class A rated ultra violet (UV) water purification system will be installed prior to the residence water inlet.

• The well pump will need to provide approximately 195-230 ft. of head (85-100 psi) to overcome system head losses and provide the residence with a minimum of 30-40 psi working pressure.

• Treatment system enclosure would be insulated and heated with electric heaters wired to the existing panel for the 4-Plex on a separate meter. Alternatively, a separate power service line may be needed if the 4-Plex panel has insufficient capacity.

• Water treatment system backflush will be connected to the existing septic or a separate non-domestic wastewater system.


Attachment 1 Treatment System Design


Attachment 2 Manufacturer Information and Specifications

revision date: July 2011

Mach 16” Prefilter Specifications Inlet / Outlet Connection ..Custom 1 ¼” Adapter and E-clip Head Adapter Material ................................................ Noryl Sump Material ............................................................. Noryl Housing Diameter ........................................................ 7 ¼” Housing Height .......................................................... 18 ½” Cartridge Diameter ...................................................... 4 ½” Cartridge Height ......................................................... 15 ¾” Cartridge Rating ............................................. 5/20 microns Maximum Pressure ................................................. 125 psi Maximum Temperature............................................ 120o F Pressure Loss

Part Number Mach 16” Prefilter ................................................... 11826 5 Micron Reusable Cartridge .................................. 11829 5 Micron Disposable Cartridge ............................... 12564 20 Micron Reusable Cartridge ................................ 11830 20 Micron Disposable Cartridge ............................. 12566 Unit Profile Construction shall be Noryl. The housing shall measure 18 ½” height by 7 ¼” outside diameter. Housing shall be rated to 125 psi and 120o F. Operating Profile Unit shall be equipped with a 5 or 20 micron nominal filter cartridge. Filter shall measure 4 ½” diameter x 15 ¾” length.

vertical assy w / Mach filter M16 & 5 mic

0123456789

10

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

gpm

psi d

rop

vertical assembly w/Mach filter M16 & 5 micron string wound (clean)

TECHNICAL DATASHEETT H E C A R B O N C O M P A N Y

A J A C O B I C A R B O N S C O M P A N Y

Visit: www.jacobi.net

Certifi cations and Approvals

• NSF / ANSI Standard 61• AWWA B604-96• EN12915• Halal certifi ed• Kosher certifi ed

AquaSorb® CSGranular coconut shell based activated carbon

AquaSorb® CS is a medium activity granular activated carbon manufactured from a sustainable raw material source. Its enhanced microporosity makes it particularly well suited for the removal of low molecular weight organic compounds and their chlorinated by-products such as chloroform and other trihalomethanes (THM’s). It is also ideally suited for the removal of oxidizing agents such as chlorine and ozone from process water. An important feature of this material is its superior mechanical hardness and the extensive dedusting during its manufacture that ensures an exceptionally clean activated carbon product.

SPECIFICATION*

Iodine number min. 1000 mg/g

Moisture content, (as packed) max. 5%

CTC adsorption min. 55%

Total ash content max. 4%

Hardness min. 98%

Apparent density min. 460 kg/m3

TYPICAL PROPERTIES*

Surface area 1050 m2/g

Dechlorination half length value (12x40 mesh) 1.8 cm

Apparent density 520 kg/m3

Backwashed and drained density 440 kg/m3

PARTICLE SIZE (mesh) 20x50 12x40 10x20 8x30 8x16 Oversize <5% <5% <5% <5% <5%

Undersize <4% <4% <4% <4% <4%

Effective size 0.4 mm 0.6 mm 0.8 mm 1.0 mm 1.2 mm

Mean particle diameter 0.5 mm 1.0 mm 1.4 mm 1.4 mm 1.9 mm

Uniformity co-effi cient 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.4

THE INFORMAT ION SUPPL IED ABOVE IS BASED ON ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION TREND OVER THE PREV IOUS S IX-MONTHS AND IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE SHOULD FUTURE TRENDS BE ADJUSTED.

* SPECIFICAT IONS AND TYP ICAL PROPERT IES ARE PRODUCED USING JACOBI CARBONS' TEST METHODS. THEY ARE L ISTED FOR INFORMAT ION PURPOSES ONLY AND NOT TO BE USED AS PURCHASE SPECIFICAT IONS. SALES SPECIFICAT IONS CAN BE OBTAINED FROM YOUR JACOBI CARBONS TECHNICAL SALES REPRESENTAT IVE AND SHOULD BE REV IEWED BEFORE PLACING AN ORDER.

Available Particle Sizes

• 20x50 mesh (0.85 - 0.30mm)• 12x40 mesh (1.70 - 0.425mm)• 10x20 mesh (2.00 - 0.85mm• 8x30 mesh (2.36 - 0.60mm)• 8x16 mesh (2.36 - 1.18 mm)• other granulations available upon

request

Features and Benefi ts

• Highly microporous structure• Maximum hardness• Excellent adsorption capacity• High volume activity• Rapid dechlorination• Effective removal of ozone• Low fi ltered water turbidity

Typical Applications

• Municipal drinking water treatment• Residential water treatment systems• Beverage production• Protection of ion exchange resins

from chlorine and organic fouling

Standard Packaging

• 25 kg bag (55 lb)• 500 kg bulk bag (1100 lb)

NOTICE Due to the progressive nature of the Jacobi Carbons Group and the continually improving design and performance of our products, we reserve the right to change product specifi cations without prior notifi cation. The information contained in this datasheet is intended to assist a customer in the evaluation and selection of products supplied by Jacobi Carbons. The customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information contained in this document are appropriate for customer’s use. Jacobi Carbons assumes no obligation or liability for the usage of the information in this datasheet, no guarantees or warranties, expressed or implied, are provided. Jacobi Carbons disclaims responsibility and the user must accept full responsibility for performance of systems based on this data.

© Copyright 2012. Jacobi, Jacobi Carbons, PICA and the Jacobi and PICA logos are registered trademarks and AquaSorb, EcoSorb, ColorSorb, DioxSorb, AddSorb, ReSorb, PICACTIF, PICAPURE, PICATOX, PICACARB, PICAGOLD, PICARESP, PICAHYDRO and PICACLEAN are trademarks of Jacobi Carbons, all of which may or may not be used in certain jurisdictions.

Jacobi Corporate HeadquartersSlöjdaregatan 1

SE-39353 Kalmar | SwedenTel: +46 480 417550 | Fax: +46 480 417559

[email protected] | www.jacobi.net

For more information or to contact Jacobi visit: www.jacobi.net

Technical Datasheet: AquaSorb® CS

JACOBI-TDS-AQUASORB-CS-A4-ENG-C0712

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

DOWNFLOWPRESSURELOSS

Superfi cial velocity of water (m/h)

5°C

10°C

20°C

15°C

25°C

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

50

45

40

35

30

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20

15

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BED EXPANSION DURING BACKWASH


Expa

nsio

n (%

)

AquaSorb CS 8x30 mesh

5°C

10°C

20°C

15°C

25°C

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0



5°C

10°C

20°C

15°C

25°C

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0



Expa

nsio

n (%

)


5°C

10°C

20°C

15°C

25°C

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0



5°C

10°C

20°C

15°C

25°C

0 5 10 15 20 25

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0



Expa

nsio

n (%

)


5°C

10°C

20°C

15°C

25°C

Pres

sure

dro

p (c

m w

.g./

m o

f bed

dep

th)

Pres

sure

dro

p (c

m w

.g./

m o

f bed

dep

th)

Pres

sure

dro

p (c

m w

.g./

m o

f bed

dep

th)

BED EXPANSION AND PRESSURE LOSS CURVES ARE PROVIDED FOR THE MOST COMMONLY USED PART ICLE S IZES. CHARTS ARE AVAI L ABLE FOR AL L PART ICLE S IZES ON REQUEST.

TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND KNOW-HOWOne of the distinguishing features of Jacobi Carbons is the extremely high level of technical competance within the company. Stand-alone product and technical service departments are staffed by industry-leading specialists in the fi eld of activated carbon application and research. Dedicated laboratory facilities in Europe and North America work with our clients to ensure the optimum result is achieved from the use of our activated carbon products.

PRODUCTION CAPABILITYThe Jacobi Carbons Group of companies owns and operates manufacturing facilities in nine countries around the world. We produce in excess of 70,000 metric tonnes of high quality activated carbons based on coconut shell, coal and wood, by both chemical and steam (physical) activation methods. Our facilities are state-of-the-art, and are the most modern production units of their type. Intensive investment in these has ensured that products are manufactured to the most exacting quality standards demanded by our customers.

Data Sheet

Safety Message

Wet activated carbon can deplete oxygen from air in enclosed spaces. If use in an enclosed space is required, procedures for work in an oxygen deficient environment should be followed.

FILTRASORB® 400Granular Activated Carbon

FILTRASORB 400 activated carbon can be used in a variety of liquid phase applications for the removal of dissolved organic compounds. FILTRASORB 400 has been successfully applied for over 40 years in applications such as drinking and process water purification, wastewater treatment, and food, pharmaceutical, and industrial purification.

DescriptionFILTRASORB 400 is a granular activated carbon for the removal of dissolved organic compounds from water and wastewater as well as industrial and food processing streams. These contaminants include taste and odor compounds, organic color, total organic carbon (TOC), and industrial organic compounds such as TCE and PCE.

This activated carbon is made from select grades of bituminous coal through a process known as reagglomeration to produce a high activity, durable, granular product capable of withstanding the abrasion associated with repeated backwashing, hydraulic transport, and reactivation for reuse. Activation is carefully controlled to produce a significant volume of both low and high energy pores for effective adsorption of a broad range of high and low molecular weight organic contaminants.

FILTRASORB 400 is formulated to comply with all the applicable provisions of the AWWA Standard for Granular Activated Carbon (B604) and Food Chemicals Codex. This product may also be certified to the requirements of ANSI/NSF Standard 61 for use in municipal water treatment facilities. Only products bearing the NSF Mark are certified to the NSF/ANSI 61 - Drinking Water System Components - Health Effects standard. Certified Products will bear the NSF Mark on packaging or documentation shipped with the product.

Applications Features / Benefits

• Produced from a pulverized blend of high quality bituminous coals resulting in a consistent, high quality product.

• Carbon granules are uniformly activated through the whole granule, not just the outside, resulting in excellent adsorption properties and constant adsorption kinetics.

• The reagglomerated structure ensures proper wetting while also eliminating floating material.

• High mechanical strength relative to other raw materials, thereby reducing the generation of fines during backwashing and hydraulic transport.

• Carbon bed segregation is retained after repeated backwashing, ensuring the adsorption profile remains unchanged and therefore maximizing the bed life.

• Reagglomerated with a high abrasion resistance, which provides excellent reactivation performance.

• High density carbon resulting in a greater adsorption capacity per unit volume.

1.800.4CARBON calgoncarbon.com

© Copyright 2015 Calgon Carbon Corporation, All Rights ReservedDS-FILTRA40015-EIN-E1

Specifications1 FILTRASORB 400

Iodine Number, mg/g 1000 (min)

Moisture by Weight 2% (max)

Effective Size 0.55–0.75 mm

Uniformity Coefficient 1.9 (max)

Abrasion Number 75 (min)

Screen Size by Weight, US Sieve Series

On 12 mesh 5% (max)

Through 40 mesh 4% (max)1Calgon Carbon test method

Typical Properties* FILTRASORB 400

Apparent Density (tamped) 0.54 g/cc

Water Extractables <1%

Non-Wettable <1%*For general information only, not to be used as purchase specifications.

IndustrialWastewater

Pond/Aquarium/Swim

Groundwater Surface Water

Bottle & Brewing

EnvironmentalWaterPharmaceuticals Food & Beverage

Water Processing

Safety Message

Wet activated carbon can deplete oxygen from air in enclosed spaces. If use in an enclosed space is required, procedures for work in an oxygen deficient environment should be followed.

1.800.4CARBON calgoncarbon.com

© Copyright 2015 Calgon Carbon Corporation, All Rights ReservedDS-FILTRA40015-EIN-E1

Design Considerations

FILTRASORB 400 activated carbon is typically applied in down-flow packed-bed operations using either pressure or gravity systems.Design considerations for a treatment system is based on the user’s operating conditions, the treatment objectives desired, and the chemical nature of the compound(s) being adsorbed.

Typical Pressure DropBased on a backwashed and segregated bed

Typical Bed Expansion During BackwashBased on a backwashed and segregated bed

Product Features

• Fully adjustable 5-cycle control delivers controlledupflow backwash, downflow brining, slow rinse, rapidrinse, timed brine refill and downflow service

• Perfect for light commercial/heavy residential systemsthat require twin tank conditioning capabilities

• Continuous flow rate of 21 GPM

• All cycles easily adjustable; program just what’s neededwith "all cycle" variable time control

• Backwash capacity handles tanks up to 16˝

• Choice of 3/4˝ or 1˝ meter satisfies wide range of operational needs

Options

• Bypass valve (Noryl®* or lead-free brass**)

• Hot water (150° F max., 1˝ only)

• Electronic timer, SE or ET

• Window cover

• No hard water bypass

• Auxiliary switches

FRONTWITHOUTCOVER

▼

BACK WITHOUT COVER ▼

Model 9000 Residential Twin Tank Control Valve

Valve SpecificationsValve material Lead-free brass**Inlet/Outlet 3/4˝, 1˝ or 1-1/4˝Cycles 5

Flow Rates (50 psi Inlet) - Valve AloneFlow rate (50 psi inlet) 1˝ meter 3/4˝ meterContinuous (15 psi drop) 21 GPM 18 GPMPeak (25 psi drop) 28 GPM 24 GPMCV (flow at 1 psi drop) 5.1 4.8Max. backwash (25 psi drop) 8.5 GPM 8.5 GPM

RegenerationDownflow/Upflow Downflow onlyAdjustable cycles YesTime available 164 or 82 minutes

Meter InformationMeter accuracy range

1˝ 0.7 - 40 GPM +/- 5%3/4˝ 0.25 - 15 GPM +/- 5%

Meter capacity range (gal.)1˝ Standard: 310 - 5,270

Extended: 1,550 - 26,350SE: 1 - 9,999ET: 1 - 9,999,999

3/4˝ Standard: 125 - 2,125Extended: 625 - 10,625SE: 1 - 9,999ET: 1 - 9,999,999

DimensionsDistributor pilot 1.05˝ O.D.Drain line 1/2˝ NPT Brine line 1600 - 3/8˝Mounting base 2-1/2˝ - 8 NPSMHeight from top of tank 6-1/2˝

Typical ApplicationsWater softener 6˝-16˝ diameter

Additional InformationInjector brine system 1600Electrical rating 24 v, 110 v, 220 v - 50 Hz, 60 HzMax. VA 8.9Estimated shipping weight 3/4˝ Metered valve: 19 lbs.

1˝ Metered valve: 23 lbs.Pressure Hydrostatic: 300 psi

Working: 20 - 125 psiTemperature 34° - 110° F

Approvals

WQA Gold Seal system 1.0 - 6.0 cu. ft.

*Noryl is a registered trademark of General Electric Company.**As defined in the Safe Drinking Water Act.

Specifications

Model Number

Tank Volume

(Gallons)

Max. Acceptance

Factor

DimensionsSystem Conn.

(Inches)

Drawdown (Gallons)Shipping Weight (lbs.)

A Diameter (Inches)

B Height

(Inches)30/50 40/60 50/70

WX-101 2.0 0.45 8 13 ¾ NPTM 0.6 0.6 0.5 5WX-102 4.4 0.55 11 15 ¾ NPTM 1.4 1.2 1.0 9WX-103 7.6 0.43 11 22 ¾ NPTM 2.4 2.0 1.8 15WX-104 10.3 1.00 15 18 1 NPTM 3.2 2.8 2.4 20WX-200 14.0 0.81 15 22 1 NPTM 4.3 3.8 3.3 22WX-201 14.0 0.81 15 25 1 NPTF 4.3 3.8 3.3 25WX-202 20.0 0.57 15 32 1 NPTF 6.2 5.4 4.7 33WX-202XL 26.0 0.44 15 39 1 NPTF 8.0 7.0 6.1 36WX-203 32.0 0.35 15 47 1 NPTF 9.9 8.6 7.6 43WX-205 34.0 1.00 22 30 1 ¼ NPTF 10.5 9.1 8.0 61WX-250 44.0 0.77 22 36 1 ¼ NPTF 13.6 11.8 10.4 69WX-251 62.0 0.55 22 47 1 ¼ NPTF 19.2 16.6 14.6 92WX-255 81.0 0.41 22 57 1 ¼ NPTF 25.0 21.7 19.1 103WX-252 86.0 0.39 22 62 1 ¼ NPTF 26.6 23.0 20.3 114WX-302 86.0 0.54 26 47 1 ¼ NPTF 26.6 23.0 20.3 123WX-350 119.0 0.39 26 62 1 ¼ NPTF 36.8 31.9 28.1 166

Stainless Steel System Connection. Maximum Working Pressure: All models except WX-252: 150 psig. WX-252: 100 psig. Factory Precharge: 38 psig. Drawdown can be affected by various ambient and system conditions, including temperature and pressure.

WX-101 through WX-200

WX-201 through WX-350

B

A

B

A

Next Generation Well Tanks Featuring Antimicrobial Protection

ESP I - Effective Sizing Protection I: The tank selection is based on approximately one minute running time. This is recommended for pumps up to 3/4 hp.ESP II - Effective Sizing Protection II: The tank selection is based on approximately two minutes running time. This is recommended for pumps 3/4 hp or larger.

Pump Discharge

Rate (Approx. GPM)

OPERATING PRESSURE

30/50 PSIG 40/60 PSIG 50/70 PSIG

ESP I ESP II ESP I ESP II ESP I ESP II

5 WX-202 WX-205 WX-202 WX-205 WX-202 WX-250

7 WX-202XL WX-250 WX-203 WX-251 WX-203 WX-251

10 WX-205 WX-251 WX-205 WX-255 WX-250 WX-302

12 WX-250 WX-255 WX-250 WX-255 WX-251 WX-350

15 WX-250 WX-302 WX-251 WX-350 WX-251 WX-350

20 WX-251 WX-350 WX-255 WX-255 (2) WX-302 WX-302 (2)

25 WX-255 WX-255 (2) WX-302 WX-302 (2) WX-350 WX-350 (2)

30 WX-302 WX-302 (2) WX-350 WX-350 (2) WX-350 WX-302 (3)

35 WX-350 WX-350 (2) WX-350 WX-350 (2) WX-255 (2) WX-350 (3)

40 WX-350 WX-350 (2) WX-255 (2) WX-302 (3) WX-302 (2) WX-350 (3)

MC 7025 (04/14)© 2014 Amtrol Inc. www.amtrol.com

Quick Sizing Chart

G, H & JColour-coded plug and play connections

Yes

CoolTouch fan Yes

Sensor with diagnostic test Optional

Solenoid valve Optional

Chamber material 316L SST

Rated service life of lamp 2 years

Inlet and outlet Combo 1 1/4" NPT, 1" FNPT

Controls

Audible alarm mute button Yes

New lamp button Yes

Lamp age indicator Yes

Lamp operation indicator Yes

Power supply operation indicator Yes

Solenoid operation indicator Yes

Fan operation indicator Yes

Sensor reading indicator Yes

Operating Parameters

Maximum operating presure 100 PSI (689 kPa)

Minimum operating pressure 10 PSI (69 kPa)

Maximum ambient air temperature 1040F (400C)

Minimum ambient air temperature 320F (00C)

Maximum humidity 100%

Maximum hardness 120 ppm (7 grains per gallon)

Maximum iron 0.3 ppm

Minimum UVT 75%

Installation Vertical

Certification

Rated flow at dose of 30 mJ/cm2

up to 19 GPM(72 LPM)

20-39 GPM(76-148 LPM)

40-45* GPM(151-170 LPM)

Rated flow at dose of 40 mJ/cm2

up to 15 GPM(57 LPM)

16-29 GPM(61-110 LPM)

30-44 GPM(114-167 LPM)

Electrical

Voltage 120-240V AC 120-240V AC 120-240V AC

Frequency 50-60 Hz 50-60 Hz 50-60 Hz

Max. current 1.2 Amp 1.6 Amp 2.4 Amp

Max. power consumption

120 Watts 160 Watts 230 Watts

Lamp power consumption

100 Watts 140 Watts 200 Watts

Dimensions

Chamber 22" x 4"54 x 10cm

31" x 4"78 x 10cm

41" x 4"103 x 10cm

Power supply 13" x 6.5"33 x 16.5cm

13" x 6.5"33 x 16.5cm

13" x 6.5"33 x 16.5cm

H, H Plus J, J PlusG, G Plus

425 Clair Road West Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1L 1R1 T 519 763 1032 F 519 763 5069 www.viqua.com

CA0019-0710 Printed in Canada. Copyright ©2010 VIQUA - a Trojan Technologies Company. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of VIQUA. Products may be covered by one or more patents.

Warranty The TrojanUVMax™ G, G Plus, H, H Plus, J, J Plus come with a full five year warranty against manufacturer's defects on the power supply and all electrical components; a ten year guarantee on the UV chamber; and a one year warranty on lamps and sensors.

General

Flow rates shown are at 85% UVT and End of Lamp Life.* Inlet/outlet size restricts flow to 45gpm and the dose will be 39mJ/cm2

Values based on 85% UVT & End of Lamp Life (EOLL)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Flow (GPM)TrojanUVMax G

TrojanUVMax H

TrojanUVMax J

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

20 40 60 80 100 120

15

10

5

00

Dose (mJ/cm²)

Flow

(GPM

)

SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

TrojanUVMax G TrojanUVMax H TrojanUVMax J Install in a Wide Range of Water Temperatures.A revolutionary lamp design

provides a constant UV dose in

a range of water temperatures,

from hot recirculation lines to

ice-cold water, giving you the

flexibility to install in a variety of

site conditions.

Benefit from Pro Series Product Advances. Being built from our state-of-the-

art Pro Series platform allows the

TrojanUVMax G, H & J to share

in many of the same product

advances such as its incredibly

intuitive interface, plug-and-

play connections and a sensor

confirmation button.

Go With More Flow.Flow rates reach up to 45gpm.

Even with the high flow capabilities,

their footprint is half the size of

their predecessors, making

installation quicker and easier.

INTUITIVE INTERFACE

Because a picture is worth a thousand words.

SIMPLE CONNECTIONS

With plug-and-play color coded connections, it’s as easy as “connect the dots.”

TWICE THE POWER

The TrojanUVMax G, H & J use a revolutionary lamp with twice the output of current high-output lamps, giving you compact single-lamp systems that are half the size of their predecessors. Size does matter.

Revolutionary Lamp

TWICE THE LIFE ExPECTANCy

Our revolutionary new lamps last an unprecedented two years, reducing maintenance requirements.

COOLER WATER

The CoolTouch significantly reduces water temperature and does not waste any water.

SOLENOId SAFETy

The plug-and-play solenoid stops water flow in the event that water treatment is compromised.

INTEGRATEd GROUNd

Like a standard plug - no more grounding wires!

EASy QUARTER-TWIST ASSEMbLy

A quarter-twist to the positive stop and you’re done. No tools, no risk of overtightening.

Optional

TEST OF SENSOR OPERATION

With the push of a button you can confirm the proper operation of the sensor.

COMbO PORTS

Flexibility to connect to either 1¼” NPT or 1” FNPT.

APPLICATIONS: HOSPITALS SCHOOLS HOTELS HOMES & COTTAGES CAMP GROUNdS NURSING HOMES RESTAURANTS COMMUNITY WATER SYSTEMS

Optional

WHO is ViQUA - a Trojan Technologies Company?

VIQUA is a leading water treatment technology company focused on providing our customers – residential and light commercial – confidence in their water. Offering a complete solution package including UV disinfection, water filtration, softeners and ozone products.

WHAT is UV?

Ultraviolet (UV) light is at theinvisible, violet end of the light spectrum. The water treatment industry uses a high-powered form of UV light called UV-C or “germicidal UV” to disinfect water.

WHO UsEs UV DisinfECTiOn sysTEms?

For more than 30 years, institutions, consumers and businesses have relied on VIQUA’s environmentally friendly UV technology to disinfect their water supplies. Top candidates for UV disinfection systems include:

• Rural homes and cottages• Nursing homes• Hospitals• Schools• Hotels• Restaurants• Resorts and holiday camps• Community water systems

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