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The Turbulent 20’s

E-Book Info

  Website: http://my.hrw.com - EBOOK

  Assignments:

  Chapter 13: 1) New Directions for Women: pg 399b-400a (answer questions in notebook)

  Chapter 14: 1) Henry Ford: pg 416b-417a (answer question in notebook) & 418b-419 (answer question in notebook)... 2) Mass Entertainment: pg 424b-426a (answer question in notebook)... 3) Religion in 1920s: 427b-429a (answer question in noteb

1) THE RED SCARE

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Strikes Of 1919!!!

  Workers wanted better pay & conditions, shorter hours

  Seattle General Strike = 35,000 shipyard workers went on strike... 60,000 other workers joined

  Boston Police Strike = Went on strike after co-workers were fired... chaos ensued in Boston

  Steel Strike = 365,000 steel workers went on strike in Western Pennsylvania... companies used Blacks and Mexicans to replace strikers

  United Mine Workers Strike = 400,000 coal workers went on strike... organizer John Lewis was accused of being a Bolshevik

Marxism & Labor

  Karl Marx wrote “The Communist Manifesto” (1848)

  Urged armed uprising of the working class to destroy capitalism throughout the world

  Communism = “From each according to his ability, to each according to his need(s)”

  Bolsheviks & Lenin used Labor Strikes to cause Russian Revolution

Marxism & Labor

  Americans thought Labor Unions were trying to cause Revolution in U.S.

  Eugene V. Debs ran for President 5 times as the American Socialist Party candidate

  Marx = violent revolution.... Debs = peaceful revolution

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The Palmer Raids

  1919... 36 bombs were discovered in U.S. mail

  Public was outraged and demanded action

  Attorney General Mitchell Palmer began raiding houses

  Deported many immigrants for “radical activities”

Sacco & Vanzetti

  Both men were Anarchists & avoided Military Draft in 1917

  Charged with murder during a robbery in 1920

  Men had guns when police arrested them

  Judge found both men guilty

Sacco & Vanzetti

  Judge’s Statement: “This man, although he may not actually have committed the crime attributed to him, is nevertheless morally guilty, becuase he is an enemy of our existing institutions... The defendant’s ideals are associated with crime.”

  Protests of verdict formed in NYC, France, Italy

  Both men were executed for their crimes

  John Dos Passos (American Novelist): “We are two nations”

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2) a nation divided

Rise of KKK

  Ku Klux Klan reformed in 1915 @ Stone Mountain, Georgia

  Carried out kidnappings, beatings & lynchings

  New KKK grew out of South into North & Midwest

  New KKK targeted Blacks, Catholics, Jews, Immigrants

  Had 5 million members during 1920s

  Helped elect officials in Louisiana, Oregon, Oklahoma, Texas, Ohio, Indiana

Fall of KKK

  By 1930 KKK had only 9,000 members

  Decline in membership:

  End of Red Scare, Economic success, KKK’s use of terrorism & public investigations of KKK

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Anti-Immigration

  By 1920... 25% of nation was foreign born/non-white

  1919 = 140,000 immigrants... 1921 = 805,000 immigrants

  Belief that immigrants took jobs & had anti-American ideals

  Immigration Act of 1924: Excluded all Asian immigrants... massively limited Southern & Eastern Europeans

  1925 = 153,000 new immigrants from Asia, Africa, Europe

Mexican American migration

  Immigration Act did not impact Mexicans

  Employers in Southwest wanted Mexican laborers

  During 1920s... 500,000 Mexican immigrants came to US

  Left Mexico due to poverty, lack of jobs, political chaos

  Went to Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, San Antonio, El Paso

Mexican American migration   Many worked/lived in Southwest Agricultural Labor Camps

  “Shelters were made of almost every conceivable thing - burlap, canvas, palm branches... We found one woman carrying water in large milk pails from the irrigation ditch... This is evidently all the water which they have in camp.”

  In cities, parents worked in factories & young unmarried daughters went to work... caused conflicts within family cultures

  “[the new independence brought] conflict with their parents. They learn... about the outside world, learn how to speak English, and then they become ashamed of their parents who brought them up here.”

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Black Ideologies - Nationalism & Equality

W.E.B. Du Bois

  Created N.A.A.C.P.

  Beleived in Black Equal Rights in American society

  Adopted Communist political beliefs

  Set up Pan-African Congress

  Poet, Author, Journalist, Political Activist

Marcus Garvey

  Created Universal Negro Improvement Association

  National Hero of Jamacia

  Black Nationalist

  Journalist, Publisher, Author, Political Activist

  Garveyism = Pan-African philosophy of mass migration to Africa

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Langston Hughes

  Poet during Harlem Renaissance

  Creator of “jazz poetry”

  Left Columbia University due to racial injustice

  Communist Activist, Poet, Journalist

Black Ideologies - Civil Rights & “By Any Means Necessary”

Martin Luther King Jr.

  Southern Baptist Preacher, Civil Rights/Political Activist, Public Speaker, Author

  Founder: Southern Christian Leadership Conference

  Advocated Nonviolence, Socialist

  Youngest winner of Nobel Peace Prize

  Inspired by: Gandhi & Quaker Religion

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Malcolm X

  Born: Malcolm Little... Changed to: Malcolm X... AKA: El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz

  African-American Muslim Minister, Author, Public Speaker, Black Nationalism Activist

  Former Pimp & Drug Dealer

  Member: Nation of Islam

  Founder: Muslim Mosque, Inc & Organization of Afro-American Unity

Tupac Amaru Shakur

  Born: Lesane Parish Crooks... Changed to: Tupac Amaru Shakur

  Mother, Father, Step-Father, God Parents = Members of Nation of Islam & Black Panther Party

  Actor, Poet, Musician, Dancer, Rapper, Political Activist

  Inspired By: Black Nationalism, Black Panthers, Gang-life

WHOTS

  Ideologies are never static. All current and previous political/social movement have/had roots in past movements.

  Agree or Disagree

  Compare/Contrast Tupac’s art, Malcolm & Martin’s speeches with Hughes’ art, Marcus & W.E.B.’s writings/speeches.