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The Truman Years at Home

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Page 1: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

The Truman Years at Home

Page 2: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

The Post War Economy

• A return to Depression?– Only the War had ended it

– 15,000,000 soldiers return

– Less demand

– Memories of post-WW I

• Some fear between 8 & 20 million unemployed

• Very efficient transformation to peace– 90% reconverted by 1946

• Govt helped

• High employment• Wartime savings meant

demand kept up• Major problem is

inflation– 15% in 1946

The Fears The Reality

Page 3: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

Post War American Attitude

• Victorious in War• Number 1 in economic

& military power• Only country with A-

Bomb• Fulfillment of “City

Upon a Hill” & “Manifest Destiny”?

Page 4: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

Truman’s Fair Deal

• His domestic policy• Based on FDR’s “New

Deal”– Truman a Roosevelt

Democrat

• Truman gets little of what he wants from Congress

Page 5: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

Truman’s Fair Deal• Minimum wage raised from 40 – 75 cents

• Expand Social Security

• Full employment bill (all to have jobs)

• Government health coverage

• Anti-racial discrimination laws

• Public Housing

• More government $ for education

Page 6: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

Truman’s Fair Deal

• Minimum wage raised

• Expand Social Security• Full employment bill (all to have jobs)

• Government health coverage

• Anti-racial discrimination laws

• Public Housing• More government $ for education

Page 7: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

Jackie Robinson, 1947

Page 8: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

Truman and Civil Rights

• Wanted civil rights legislation– Congress refused

• Executive Order 9981– Desegregated the military in 1948

Page 9: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of
Page 10: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

Post War Labor Unions

• During War– Many no strike agreements– Mostly full employment & high wages

• Post War– Wages decreased– High inflation– Led to a rash of strikes

• Just like 1919

Page 11: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

Taft-Hartley Act of 1947

• Passed over Truman’s veto– A “slave labor bill”

• Limited the strength of labor unions– Outlawed the “closed shop”

• Closed shop—jobs in which one must join a union to get hired

– 60 day “cooling off period” before any strike– Gave President the power to halt a strike for the

sake of “national security”

Page 12: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

The Election of 1948• Truman (D)

against Thomas Dewey (R)

• Strom Thurmond runs as “Dixecrat– Pro-segregation

party– Takes

Democratic votes from South

Page 13: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of
Page 14: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

THE RED SCARE

Page 15: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

Post-War Red Scare

• Fear that communists were taking over America– Not just in foreign countries

• Fear of Soviet Union & Stalin– Suspicion that spies were at work to subvert

America

Page 16: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

The House Unamerican Activities Committee (HUAC)

• Created in 1947

• To investigate reports of communist infiltration– Of government– Of Hollywood

• Hearings accused hundreds– Ruined many lives & careers

• Truman set up a “loyalty program”

Page 17: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

The Red Scare

Alger Hiss

Sen. Joe McCarthy Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

Page 18: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

Alger Hiss

• Government official accused of being a communist agent

• No proof found– But given five years for

lying under oath (perjury)

Page 19: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

Ethel & Julius Rosenberg

• Couple accused of being communist spies

• Charged with giving Russians H-Bomb secrets

• Executed in 1953– Much doubt about their

guilt

Page 20: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

Senator Joseph McCarthy• Insane anti-communist

Senator from Wisconsin

• Led Senate hearings to expose communists

• Claimed he had a list of “known communists”

• Destroyed many lives

• Finally discredited & died of alcoholism in 1957

Page 21: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of
Page 22: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

The “Hollywood Ten”—movie folkaccused of Communist Party ties

Page 23: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of
Page 24: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of
Page 25: The Truman Years at Home. The Post War Economy A return to Depression? –Only the War had ended it –15,000,000 soldiers return –Less demand –Memories of

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