the translation of idioms in rick riordan’s magnus …

THE TRANSLATION OF IDIOMS IN RICK RIORDAN’S

MAGNUS CHASE AND THE GODS OF ASGARD:

THE SWORD OF SUMMER: A STUDY OF THE

EQUIVALENCE AND STRATEGIES

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

in English Letters

By

THERAVANY VANESSA YENATA Student Number: 174214086

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS

UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA

YOGYAKARTA

2021

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

ii





AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

in English Letters

By

THERAVANY VANESSA YENATA Student Number: 174214086

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS

UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA

YOGYAKARTA

2021


iii

A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis






iv

A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis






v

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY

I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been

previously submitted for the award of any other degree at my university, and that,

to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material

previously written by any other person except where due reference is made in the

text of the undergraduate thesis.

March 2, 2021

Theravany Vanessa Yenata


vi

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH

UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma

Nama : Theravany Vanessa Yenata

Nomor Mahasiswa : 174214086

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan

Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul

THE TRANSLATION OF IDIOMS IN RICK RIORDAN’S MAGNUS

CHASE AND THE GODS OF ASGARD: THE SWORD OF SUMMER: A

STUDY OF THE EQUIVALENCE AND STRATEGIES


Yang menyatakan,

Dibuat di Yogyakarta

Pada tanggal 2 Maret 2021

beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan

kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan,

mengalihkan dalam bentuk media, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data.

mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau media

lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin kepada saya maupun

memberikan royalty kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai

penulis.

Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.


vii

Effort makes you. You will regret someday if you don’t do your best now. Nothing gets worse due to practicing.


viii

AKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and foremost, I would like to thank God for the blessings that has

given to me so I can finish this thesis and my study. Things are great when you

are with me.

I would also like to send my sincere gratitude to my advisor, Mr. Harris

Hermansyah Setiajid, M.Hum., thanks for the guidance, advice, and support

during the process of writing this thesis. Also to Mr. Simon Arsa Manggala, S.S.,

M.Hum., as my co-advisor, who has helped me to look at the details to make my

thesis better.

My special gratitude goes to my parents, Dwi Murti Winarsih and Paul

Yenata Gou, for the indirect support, love, and prayers. Also my brothers, Zivi

and Rayvan who has given me the energy I need the most. To my beloved friends,

Ella and Nandha, thank you for the encouragement and support to finish my

thesis. I would also like to thank my other friends: Mayang, Jessica, Vicky, Ave,

Tiwi, Leoni, Ratna, Karina, Tasia, and Hoodi friends who has helped me undergo

the hard times. Many thanks also go to Wira, Dhian, Yayas, Nadya, Syela, Debi,

Ciwid and Cikin for being my friends for the past 4 years.

Last but not least, I want to thank my K-pop boys who have helped me to

enjoy the process of writing this thesis through their songs and performances.

Thanks to them I had good times.



ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ........................................................................................................ ii

APPROVAL PAGE ............................................................................................. iii

ACCEPTANCE PAGE ........................................................................................ iv

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY .................................................................... v

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH .. vi

MOTTO PAGE ................................................................................................... vii

AKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................. viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... ix

ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... xi

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. xii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1 A. Background of the Study .............................................................................. 1

B. Problem Formulation ................................................................................... 3

C. Objectives of the Study ................................................................................ 4

D. Definition of Terms ...................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE .................................................... 5 A. Review of Related Studies ........................................................................... 5

B. Review of Related Theories ......................................................................... 8

1. Theory of Translation ............................................................................... 8

2. Theory of Equivalence ............................................................................. 9

3. Theory of Idioms .................................................................................... 10

4. Theory of Idiom Translation Strategies .................................................. 11

C. Theoretical Framework .............................................................................. 14

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY .................................................................. 15 A. Areas of Research ...................................................................................... 15

B. Object of the Study..................................................................................... 15

C. Method of Study ......................................................................................... 16

D. Research Procedure .................................................................................... 16

1. Types of Data ......................................................................................... 16

2. Data Collection ....................................................................................... 17

3. Population and Sample ........................................................................... 18

4. Data Analysis ......................................................................................... 18

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ......................... 21 A. The Equivalence Types of the Idioms Translation .................................... 21

1. Formal Equivalence ................................................................................ 22

2. Dynamic Equivalence ............................................................................. 28


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B. The Translation Strategies Applied in the Idioms...................................... 40

1. Translation using an idiom of similar meaning and form ...................... 41

2. Translation using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form ...... 44

3. Translation by paraphrase....................................................................... 45

4. Translation by omission of entire idiom ................................................. 56

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION .......................................................................... 57

REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 59

APPENDICES ..................................................................................................... 61 Appendix 1: The equivalence types of idiom translations ............................... 61

Appendix 2: The translation strategies of idiom translations ........................... 64


xi

ABSTRACT

YENATA, THERAVANY VANESSA. (2021). The Translation of Idiomatic

Expression in Rick Riordan’s Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The

Sword of Summer: A Study of The Strategies and Equivalence. Yogyakarta:

Department of English Letters. Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Translating one language to another language is not an easy task to do. It

requires an understanding and some knowledge of the cultural context or origin of

the language to be able to translate a language. English is one of the most

commonly spoken and written language in the world. Though it is commonly

used, translation is still needed since there are many who do not understand

English. There may be some phrases that cannot be translated without knowing

the background and cannot be translated word-by-word like idioms or idiomatic

expressions. This research focuses on the idioms found in Magnus Chase and the

Gods of Asgard: The Sword of Summer by Rick Riordan.

There are two research problems in this study that the researcher analyzed.

The first one is the equivalence types of the idioms that are found in Magnus

Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of Summer based on Nida‟s theory.

The second is what strategies are applied to translate the idioms that are found in

Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of Summer using Baker‟s

theory.

This study uses library research method. This method is used to get some

theories related to the study. Baker‟s idiom translation strategies and Nida‟s

equivalence theory are used in this study. Other than library research method,

qualitative research method is also applied in this study. It is used to collect data

which are idioms found in Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of

Summer.

There are 30 idioms found in Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The

Sword of Summer. There are two types of equivalence based on Nida‟s theory,

formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence. The findings show that 9 data are

identified as formal equivalence and 21 data are identified as dynamic

equivalence. According to Baker‟s idiom translation strategies, 4 strategies are

applied in this study which are using an idiom of similar meaning and form, using

an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form, borrowing the source language

idiom, translation by paraphrase, and translation by omission. The most used

strategy is translation by paraphrase with 22 numbers of data. 4 data are translated

using an idiom of similar meaning and form, 3 data are translated using an idiom

of similar meaning but dissimilar form, 1 datum is translated by omitting. The

result indicates that the Indonesian translation of the idioms in the book aims to

sound more natural and understandable in the target language since there are not

many English idioms that have their counterparts in Indonesian.

Keywords: equivalence, idioms, idiom translation strategies


xii

ABSTRAK

YENATA, THERAVANY VANESSA. (2021). The Translation of Idiomatic

Expression in Rick Riordan’s Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The

Sword of Summer: A Study of The Strategies and Equivalence. Yogyakarta:

Program Studi Sastra Inggris. Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Menerjemahkan satu bahasa ke bahasa yang lain bukanlah hal yang

mudah. Untuk bisa menerjemahkan bahasa tersebut, membutuhkan pemahaman

dan pengetahuan mengenai budaya atau asal-usulnya. Bahasa Inggris adalah satu

dari bahasa-bahasa yang umum digunakan baik secara lisan maupun tertulis.

Meskipun umum digunakan, masih banyak yang tidak paham bahasa Inggris

sehingga perlu adanya terjemahan. Banyak frasa yang tidak dapat diterjemahkan

tanpa mengetahui latar belakang bahasa tersebut, contohnya seperti idiom.

Penelitian ini berfokus pada idiom-idiom yang ditemukan di buku Rick Riordan

yang berjudul Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of Summer.

Ada dua rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, tipe kesetaraan

yang digunakan dalam menerjemahkan idiom yang ditemukan di Magnus Chase

and the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of Summer dengan menggunakan teori

kesetaraan Nida. Kedua, strategi penerjemahan yang digunakan untuk

menerjemahkan idiom yang ditemukan di Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard:

The Sword of Summer dengan menggunakan teori milik Baker.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka. Metode ini digunakan

untuk mendapatkan teori-teori yang bersangkutan dengan penelitian ini. Teori

strategi penerjemahan milik Baker dan teori kesetaraan milik Nida dipakai dalam

penelitian. Selain menggunakan metode studi pustaka, peneliti juga menggunakan

metode kualitatif untuk mengumpulkan data berupa idiom-idiom yang ditemukan

di buku Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of Summer.

30 idiom ditemukan di Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The Sword

of Summer. Ada dua tipe kesetaraan berdasarkan teori Nida, yaitu kesetaraan

formal dan kesetaraan dinamis. Hasil dari penelitian menujukkan 9 data

dikategorikan sebagai kesetaraan formal dan 21 data dikategorikan sebagai

kesetaraan dinamis. Berdasarkan teori strategi penerjemahan Baker, ada 4 strategi

yang dipakai di penelitian ini. Strategi yang paling sering digunakan adalah

menerjemahkan dengan parafrase dengan total 22 data. 4 data diterjemahkan

menggunakan idiom dengan arti dan bentuk yang sama, 3 data diterjemahkan

menggunakan idiom dengan arti yang sama tetapi bentuk yang berbeda, dan 1

data diterjemahkan dengan metode penghilangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini

menunjukkan bahwa penerjemah bertujuan untuk membuat terjemahan idiom

dalam bahasa Indonesia terlihat lebih alamiah dan mudah dipahami karena tidak

banyak idiom bahasa Indonesia yang mirip dengan idiom bahasa Inggris.

Kata kunci: equivalence, idioms, idiom translation strategies


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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

As human beings, we need to communicate with each other. In order to

communicate, we need an important tool called language. Language is used to

deliver or to express something from one to another. Languages over the world

are different: different form, dialect, accent, culture and/or background. These

differences make people from different backgrounds may have difficulties talking

to each other. Therefore, translation is needed as “a form of communicating

thoughts among various cultures” (Imre, 2012, p. 1051).

Translation is generally known as an act of rendering from one language

into another. Based on Munday (2001), translation has several meanings. It can

refer to the general subject field, the product (the text that has been translated) or

the process (the act of producing the translation) (p. 5). Translation, as a process,

is always uni-directional: it is always performed in a given direction, „from‟ a

Source Language „into‟ a Target Language (Catford, 1965, p. 20). In translating,

the text should be translated as natural as possible so it still has the same feeling

as the original text.

Many texts, that do not use English as the main language, are translated

into English and some may translate these English texts into other target

languages. In order to be able to translate the English text, the translator should


2

understand some aspects of the text so the message or the meaning of the text can

be delivered well. Things like idioms need to be seen carefully. Idiom, according

to Newmark (1988), is a group of words whose meaning cannot be predicted from

the meanings of their constituent words (p. 28). The translator needs to know

whether this expression is an idiom or not. Some idioms are easily spotted and

some are not, so the translator needs to pay attention to it. Instead of translating it

word-by-word, the translator should find a proper phrase to translate it into the

target language.

There are so many difficulties when translating an idiom. According to

Baker (2018), the first difficulty to translate an idiom is to find the equivalence in

the target language because not all languages have the same expression of a

certain idiom. The second one is an idiom may have similar counterpart in the

target language, but it has different context. Third, an idiom may be used in the

source text in both its literal and idiomatic senses at the same time (pp. 73-75).

Thus, it is a bit hard to find equivalent idioms in the target language.

This research focuses on the idioms used in Magnus Chase and the Gods

of Asgard: The Sword of Summer which was written by Rick Riordan. It got #3 on

Amazon‟s best-selling Children‟s Book list for 2015. The fact that the book has

been translated into 18 languages (based on The World‟s Largest Library Catalog)

is one of the reasons of choosing this book to be analyzed. The researcher chooses

to focus on the idioms in this book because this author of this book uses a lot of

idioms. It is also interesting to know what words or strategies that the translator

uses to translate the idiom into Indonesian since some idioms have the


3

equivalence in other languages, but some are not. Here is an example of idiom

that makes the researcher wonder what word or phrase the translator will use to

translate this idiom.

ST: So that pretty much blew any chance he had of getting my business.

TT: Hal seperti itu tentu saja menghancurkan kesempatan baginya untuk

bisa mendapatkan rezeki dariku.

From that example, it shows that word-by-word translation is not applied.

The translator chooses the best word to convey the meaning of the idiom. It is also

not translated into Indonesian idiom since there are not many English idioms that

have the equivalence in Indonesian.

The author of the book uses a lot of idioms. Some idioms that are found in

the book may be difficult to translate and the translator will use some strategies to

translate those idioms. It may use the equivalence in Indonesian or use a non-

idiom. This research will be identifying these idioms and finding the equivalence

types and the translation strategies applied by the translator. Besides, it can also

help to deepen the understanding of idioms in both language, English and

Indonesian.

B. Problem Formulation

Based on the background of the study, the researcher finds two problems

that later will be analyzed, those are:

1. What types of equivalence are applied in the translation of idioms in Rick

Riordan‟s Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of Summer?


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2. What strategies are applied to translate the idioms in Rick Riordan‟s Magnus

Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of Summer?

C. Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the study are, first, to analyze the equivalence types of

the idioms that is found in Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of

Summer based on Nida‟s theory. Second, is to identify and analyze what

strategies are applied to translate the idiom that is found in Magnus Chase and

the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of Summer using Baker‟s theory.

D. Definition of Terms

Idiom is a group of words whose meaning cannot be predicted from the

meanings of their constituent words (Newmark, 1988, p. 28). Therefore, idioms

are not suggested to be interpreted literally.

Equivalence, according to Catford (1965), is when they can function in

the same situation even though they rarely have „the same meaning‟ in the

linguistic sense (p. 49). A textual equivalent is any TL text or portion of text

which is observed on a particular occasion to be the equivalent of a given SL

text or portion of text (p. 27).

Translation strategies is a problem solution procedure a person faces

when translating a text from one language into another (Lörscher, 1991, p. 76).


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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This chapter focuses on three main parts which are review of related

studies, review of related theories, and theoretical framework. The related studies

that will be mentioned are Chrisadiya‟s thesis, Ardita‟s thesis, and Wicaksono and

Wahyuni‟s journal which have a similar topic with this research. The first part

will discuss briefly about the related studies and also the differences and the

similarities between the related studies and this research. The theory that will be

used and related to this research will be discussed as well.

A. Review of Related Studies

1. Chrisadiya’s “The Translation of Idiomatic Expressions in J.K.

Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone: A Study on Equivalence

and Translation Strategies”

Chrisadiya‟s thesis analyzes the equivalence types and translation

strategies of the Indonesian translation of idiomatic expressions that are found in

J.K. Rowling‟s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. She uses 12 data out of

120 data that she has found. The equivalence type of the idiomatic expressions

found is analyzed using Nida‟s theory. That theory is used to identify which

idiomatic expression uses formal equivalence or dynamic equivalence. For

analyzing translation strategies in translating the idiom, Chrisadiya uses Baker‟s


6

theory. She uses three strategies which are using an idiom of similar meaning and

form, using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form and paraphrasing.

This research and Chrisadiya‟s thesis focus on a same phenomenon which

is idiom. Both also focus on analyzing the equivalence types and translation

strategies applied in the idioms of the Indonesian translation by using the same

theories. The use of the same theories makes the steps of analyzing the data is

similar. Though it is similar, this research does not foucs on certain type of idiom

while Chrisadiya‟s thesis focuses on pure idioms only. The object we analyze is

also different. While Chrisadiya‟s thesis focuses on the idiomatic expressions

found in J.K. Rowling‟s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, this research

focuses on the idioms found in Rick Riordan‟s Magnus Chase and the Gods of

Asgard: The Sword of Summer.

2. Ardita’s “The Translation Analysis of the Idiomatic Expression in

Kinney’s Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw into Diary Si Bocah Tengil:

Usaha Terakhir”

This thesis analyzes the idiomatic expressions in Kinney‟s Diary of a

Wimpy Kid. It analyzes the equivalence types and translation strategies that are

used to translate the idiomatic expressions found in this book. The equivalence of

the idiomatic expressions found are divided into two parts which are based on

Larson‟s theory, figurative and non-figurative sense. Baker‟s idiom translation

strategies are used to analyze which strategy is used in the Indonesian translation

of the idiomatic expression found in the text. She uses four Baker‟s strategies


7

which are using similar meaning and form, using similar meaning but dissimilar

form, paraphrase and omission.

Ardita‟s thesis and this research have some similarities and one of them is

categorizing the idioms into some types in analyzing the equivalence type. Ardita

categorizes her data into three different types which are phrasal verbs, idiom, and

slang, while this research categorizes the idioms into idiom‟s idiom type which

are pure idiom, semi idiom, and literal idiom. Both Ardita‟s thesis and this

research analyze the equivalence types of idiom translation, but the theory used is

different. She uses Larson‟s figurative and non-figurative sense, while this

research uses Nida‟s formal and dynamic equivalence.

3. Wicaksono and Wahyuni’s “An Analysis of the Strategies Used in

Translating Idioms in Indonesia into English Found in Indonesian Legends”

This article analyzes the Indonesian idioms found in Indonesian legends.

The strategies used in translating Indonesian idioms into English idioms are the

focus in this journal. They use Baker‟s strategies in translating idioms. Three out

of six Baker‟s strategies are used, which are using an idiom with a similar

meaning and form, paraphrase and omission. There are 18 data that are analyzed.

The most used strategy is by paraphrasing and the less used is using similar

meaning and form. There are 11 data use paraphrase strategy, 6 by omission and 1

by using similar meaning and form.

Wicaksono and Wahyuni‟s article and this research have the same focus,

which is the phenomenon that is analyzed. We focus on the idioms. To determine

which strategy is used in translating the idiom, both research use Baker‟s strategy.


8

Both also have similar analysis results which show paraphrasing strategy is the

most used strategy. The difference is that Wicaksono and Wahyuni‟s journal

analyzes the translation strategies of the English translation of idiom found in

Indonesian legends, while this research analyzes the equivalence and the

translation strategies of the Indonesian translation of idiom found in Rick

Riordan‟s Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of Summer.

B. Review of Related Theories

1. Theory of Translation

Translation is a procces of changing one language into another language.

Translation, according to Catford (1965), is a process that “is always

unidirectional: it is always performed in a given direction, „from‟ a Source

Language „into‟ a Target Language” (p. 20) whose abbreviations are SL and TL.

Newmark (1998) states that translation is “rendering the meaning of a text into

another language in the way that the author intended the text.” (p. 5). Newmark

also states that to translate a text, a translator should study the text not for itself

but as something that will be read by a different readership in a different culture.

(p. 18)

From the statement above, it can be concluded that translation is a matter

of translating from a language (SL) to another language (TL). In translating the

language, the translator also needs to understand the text in order to find the

equivalence in the target language. The right strategies to translate the text are

also needed to produce a good and understandable translation.


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2. Theory of Equivalence

In translating, in order to produce an understandable translation, a

translator needs to find the equivalence of the source language. Equivalence,

according to Catford (1965), is when they can function in the same situation even

though they rarely have „the same meaning‟ in the linguistic sense (p. 49). A

textual equivalent is any TL text or portion of text which is observed on a

particular occasion to be the equivalent of a given SL text or portion of text (p.

27). Since there are no identical equivalents, a translator should find the closest

possible equivalent. According to Nida (1964), there are two different types of

equivalence. These are formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence.

a. Formal equivalence

Based on Nida (1964) “Formal equivalence focuses attention on the

message itself, in both form and content” (p. 159). The receptor language matches

as closely as possible the different elements in the source language. Formal

equivalence aims to reproduce the receptor language as meaningful as the

original. As an example, the idiom empty handed is translated, in Indonesian,

as tangan hampa. This idiom is equivalent because it has the same meaning, and

they are formal equivalence because they have the same form.

b. Dynamic equivalence

This equivalence does not aim accuracy like formal equivalence does,

according to Nida (1964)

A translation of dynamic equivalence aims at complete naturalness of

expression, and tries to relate the receptor to modes of behaviour relevant

within the context of his own culture; it does not insist that he understand


10

the cultural patterns of the source-language context in order to comprehend

the message. (p. 159).

Dynamic equivalence seeks for naturalness, and it does not focus on the

form. The form does not matter as long as it sounds natural, but the meaning still

has the same meaning as the source text. For example, red alert is translated into

Indonesian as bahaya, which sounds natural and doesn‟t have the same form as

the source language.

3. Theory of Idioms

Baker (2018) states that idiom is a phrase whose meaning cannot be

interpreted word-by-word. It is usually already packed in a fixed phrase, and it has

its own meaning, deeper than how the words seem like. If you change the order of

the words or omit/add a word in the idiom, it is not an idiom anymore (p. 69).

There are three types of idiom as stated by Fernando (1996). The first type is pure

idiom, idiom which words in the phrase cannot be taken literally. The idiom

cannot be understood by interpreting it word-by-word. It has non-literal meaning.

As an example, the idiom spill the beans, the meaning of the idiom has nothing to

do with beans. Second is semi idiom. It has at least one element with a literal

meaning and another with non-literal meaning (p. 35). The meaning of the idiom

can be interpreted by combining the words with literal meaning and non-literal

meaning. For example, foot the bill which means „to pay‟ has foot as the non-

literal meaning word and bill which can be used literally. The third type is literal

idiom which is simpler than the two previous types. It can be interpreted as what

the words used literally means. This type of idiom can be understood even one is

not familiar with the expression (p. 35). For instance, how dare (someone) and


11

excuse (oneself).Though it can be understood easily, it is still considered as idiom

since it allows no variation in form and the meaning cannot be deduced from each

word.

A native speaker may use idiom and know when a person uses it, but for

translators of the foreign language, it is hard for them to have the same feeling to

judge when and how an idiom is used. Some idioms do not follow the

grammatical structure and have simile-like structure (starts with like) and these

structures are suggested not to be interpreted or translated literally (2018, p.71).

Idioms are hard to translate. There are some difficulties based on Baker (2018).

These difficulties are: a) an idiom may have no equivalent in the target language;

b) an idiom may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but the context

of use may be different; c) an idiom may be used in the source text in both its

literal and idiomatic senses at the same time; d) the use of idiom in written

discourse, the contexts in which they can be used, and their frequency of use may

be different in source and target languages. Those difficulties lead the translator to

use some strategy to find a good translation of an idiom.

4. Theory of Idiom Translation Strategies

A translator should use some strategies to find the equivalent of the idiom

in the taget language. There are six strategies that Baker states. The following

points are Baker‟s idiom translation strategies:

a. Using an idiom of similar meaning and form

In translating an idiom, this strategy uses the idiom in the target language,

which has a similar meaning as the source language and has equivalent lexical


12

items (2018, p. 77). Like the difficulties that have been mentioned above, there

may be some idioms in the target language that have a similar form with the

source language but have a different context. For instance, the English

idiom rooted to the spot is translated into terpaku di tempatnya in Indonesian.

This strategy not only aims for the same form but also the same meaning and

context.

b. Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form

This second strategy is to find the idiom in the target language, which has

the same meaning as the source language, but it has different lexical items (2018,

p. 79). Although the form in the target language is different, it still carries the

same meaning as the source language has. For example, the idiom have cold

feet is translated into Indonesian as ketar-ketir. Both have the same meaning

which is “nervous”.

c. Borrowing the source language idiom

The idioms of the source language are borrowed in this strategy. The

common cause to use this strategy is because the translator has to deal with

culture-specific things. For instance, the idiom out of this world is not translated

and the target text will still use the idiom out of this world since the target

language has no equivalent that can express the idiom and the only way is to stay

with the original form.

d. Translation by paraphrase

The third strategy is by paraphrasing the source language idiom into the

target language. This strategy is used when “a match cannot be found in the target


13

language or when it seems inappropriate to use idiomatic language in the target

text because of differences in stylistic preferences of the source and target

languages” (p. 81). Rather than explaining the meaning of an individual idiom, it

is paraphrasing the idiom. One of the examples of this strategy can be found in the

English idiom as clear as day when it is translated into Indonesian. It

becomes hingga tuntas.

e. Translation by omission of a play on idiom

According to Baker, “this strategy involves rendering only the literal

meaning of an idiom in a context that allows for a concrete reading of an

otherwise playful use of language” (p. 85). For example, the Indonesian idiom

peras keringat is translated into sweat in the target text, which is English. The

idiom is not fully translated. Only some words or the main word of the target

language idiom are translated. The idiom may be hard to reproduce in other

languages. Therefore, the target language drops the idiomatic meaning.

f. Translation by omission of entire idiom

This strategy is used when a whole idiom is completely omitted in the

target text. Omitting the whole idiom may be caused because there is no close

translation in the target language. Even paraphrasing idiom is not easy to do. As

an example, the English idiom in earnest in a certain sentence may not suit the

sentence if it is translated, so the translator chooses to omit the whole idiom.


14

C. Theoretical Framework

This research analyzes the equivalence types and the idiom translation

strategies in translating English idioms into Indonesian. The idioms used are

found in Rick Riordan‟s Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of

Summer.

To analyze the equivalence, the researcher uses Nida‟s formal and

dynamic equivalence and determines which idiom uses formal equivalence and

dynamic equivalence. This theory of equivalence is used to find out which type of

equivalence does the translator use the most. To find the translation strategies

used, the researcher will analyze the idioms using Baker‟s theory of idiom

translation strategies. The researcher uses all six strategies that Baker stated to be

applied to find out which strategies is used by the translator to translate a certain

idiom.


15

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the methodology used by the researcher to get the

answer of the problem formulation in this study. This chapter contains the areas of

research, object of the study, method of study and research procedure. Method of

gathering and analyzing the data are also discussed here.

A. Areas of Research

The area of this research is text analysis and translation which “involves

textual comparison of a translation with its original” (William and Chesterman,

2002, p. 6). It focuses on the idioms found in Rick Riordan‟s Magnus Chase and

the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of Summer. This research analyzes the

equivalence types and the translation strategies applied in translating the idioms in

the text by comparing the source text and the target text.

B. Object of the Study

The object of the study is the idioms found in Magnus Chase and the Gods

of Asgard: The Sword of Summer by Rick Riordan as the source text and its

Indonesian translation with the same title as the target text. The Indonesian

version was translated by Reni Indardeni.


16

C. Method of Study

The method used in this study is library research. Based on George (2008)

library research “involves identifying and locating sources that provide factual

information or personal/expert opinion on a research question” (2008, p. 6).

Library research is used to gather informations from library sources. Through this

method, the researcher collects and uses materials which are related to the subject

of the study such as books or journals which deliver experts‟ opinion in order to

get some theories. The theories collected are used to do further research on the

data.

The results of gathering data and theories from applying library research

are used to write a further analysis on the object. Therefore, in order to write the

analysis, the researcher uses qualitative research. Qualitative research “designates

any research whose results are captured in words, images, or nonnumeric

symbols” (George, 2008, p. 7). This method is used to analyze the idioms‟

equivalence types and the translation strategies applied by the translator. It is also

applied to analyze how the equivalence types and translation strategies are related.

D. Research Procedure

1. Types of Data

The data in this research are objective data. There are 30 idioms found.

The idioms are taken from Rick Riordan‟s Magnus Chase and the Gods of

Asgard: The Sword of Summer as the source text and its Indonesian translation as

the target text. The target text is translated by Reni Indardeni. The source text


17

consists of 72 chapters and 513 pages, while the target text consists of 72 chapters

and 623 pages. The source text book was published by Disney-Hyperion, while

the target text book was published by Penerbit Noura Books.

2. Data Collection

First, in order to gather the data needed, the researcher started to read what

idioms were about and some theories about idioms and translation. Second, after

understanding the concept about idioms, the researcher read the source text (ST),

Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of Summer, and determined

which phrases were categorized as an idiom. Since there were 72 chapters and

almost all of the chapters have at least an idiom, the idioms chosen were from

even chapters only to limit the number of the data that was going to be analyzed.

Next was to find the Indonesian translation of the idioms that the researcher had

found by reading the Indonesian version of the book (the target text (TT)). Third,

the researcher then collected all the data and checked whether the phrases found in

Figure 2. Cover of the

ST book

Figure 1. Cover of the

ST book


18

the ST were idioms or not by seeing the dictionary. The researcher used Oxford

Online Dictionary and Merriam Webster. Last, the data of both idioms from the

ST and the TT were put into a table. The table was codified as follows:

Table 1 Example of Data Coding

No. Data ST No. Data TT

ST/1/18

Time flies when you‟re

sleeping under bridges and

eating from Dumpsters.

TT/1/19

Waktu tidak terasa kalau kita

tidur di kolong jembatan dan

makan hasil pulungan dari

tong sampah.

The codes can be read as follows:

ST : Source Text (Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of

Summer

TT : Target Text (Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of

Summer Indonesian version)

1 : the number of data in the population

18 : the page number of the source text

19 : the page number of the target text

3. Population and Sample

There are 30 idioms that are found in Magnus Chase and the Gods of

Asgard: The Sword of Summer as the total of the population data. There is no

sample taken since all of the data are analyzed.

4. Data Analysis

In analyzing the data of this research, the first step to do was to understand

the theories that needed to be applied to the data. The theories used were

Fernando‟s idiom type, Nida‟s equivalence types, and Baker‟s idiom translation


19

strategies. Fernando‟s idiom type was used because it was the simplest idiom type

since it only has three types which would make the analysis simpler. While Nida‟s

equivalence types and Baker‟s idiom translation strategies were used as the main

theory to analyze this research simply because both theories were suitable for

analyzing idioms translation.

The next step was analyzing the data by putting all of the data found in a

table. After putting it in the table, the researcher classified all idiom based on its

equivalence type using Nida‟s equivalence types theory to decide which type of

equivalence was used by the translator to translate the idiom. Idioms in each

equivalence type were classified again into the idiom‟s idiom type using

Fernando‟s idiom type. This step was to find which idiom type is mostly

categorized as formal equivalence or dynamic equivalence. Below is the example

of how the table works to decide the equivalence type:

Table 2 Example of Equivalence Type Analysis

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/31/1

1

..., but there was a lot of

bad blood between the three

kids: Randolph, Frederick

and my mom.

TT/31/1

1

…, tapi hubungan ketiga

kakak-beradik Chase –

Randolph, Frederick, dan

ibuku – memang tidak akur.

D

The table above shows that the idiom translation is categorized as dynamic

equivalence type. The idiom types of the idiom of each equivalence type were

written as the subtitle. ET in the table is the abbreviation of Equivalence Type,

and D is to show that the datum was categorized as dynamic equivalence. If the

datum was categorized as formal equivalence, the ET part would be written as F.

After analyzing the equivalence type, the researcher analyzed the data using


20

Baker‟s idiom translation strategy to determine which translation strategy was

used by the translator to translate the idioms. The following table is the example

of the table:

Table 3 Example of Translation Strategy Analysis

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/32/22

Unfortunately, I believed

he was in earnest about

people trying to kill me

TT/32/2

5

Sayangnya, aku percaya

bahwa ada orang-orang

yang berusaha

membunuhku.

S4

The datum above shows that the strategy the translator used was

translating by omission of entire idiom. The last column shows the strategy the

translator applied. S4 indicates the fourth strategy used to translate idioms in the

target text which is translating by omission of entire idiom. If the translator

translated the idiom by translating using an idiom of similar meaning, the code is

S1. Other codes are S2 (translation using an idiom of similar meaning but

dissimilar form) and S3 (translation by paraphrase).


21

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This part consists of two parts. The first part discusses the types of

equivalence in translating the idioms based on Nida‟s theory of equivalence which

are formal and dynamic equivalence. The second part discusses the translation

strategies. Baker‟s theory of idiom translation strategies is used to analyze the

strategies applied in translating the idioms.

A. The Equivalence Types of the Idioms Translation

This part focuses on analyzing the equivalence types (ET). The data has

been divided into two parts which are formal equivalence (F) and dynamic

equivalence (D). Each equivalence type is divided into three parts, which are the

types of idioms: pure idiom; semi idiom; and literal idiom.

Chart 1 The Equivalence Types of The Idiom Translations

0

5

10

15

20

25

Formal Equivalence Dynamic Equivalence

Equivalence Types


22

There are 30 idioms that are analyzed. 9 data that are categorized as formal

equivalence and 21 data are categorized as dynamic equivalence. The application

of each equivalence type is explained as follows:

1. Formal Equivalence

This section discusses idioms which are categorized as formal

equivalence. Based on Nida‟s theory (1964) there are two types of equivalence.

There are formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence. Formal equivalence seeks

for accuracy. It focuses to get the closest meaning and form with the ST.

These types are based on Fernando‟s idiom type. There are 1 pure idiom, 2

semi idioms, and 6 literal idioms. Literal idiom is the type of idiom which appears

the most. It shows that the translator mainly translates literal idiom into the same

form and meaning since it can be understood literally. The following discussion

explains the idioms that are categorized as formal equivalence which has divided

into three categories (idiom types).

a. Pure idiom

Pure idiom is an idiom which meaning cannot be understood literally. The

words that make the phrase have no literal meaning. The datum below shows a

pure idiom that is categorized as formal equivalence.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/1/39

But, it warmed my heart

that they wanted to look out

for me.

TT/1/46

Tapi, hatiku terasa hangat

kala menyaksikan bahwa

mereka ingin menjagaku.

F

According to Merriam Webster, warm someone’s heart means “to cause

someone to have pleasant feelings of happiness”. The idiom above is categorized


23

as pure idiom since the meaning of the idiom cannot be deduced from each word.

It needs the understanding of what the whole phrase really means. In this case, the

translator does not translate the idiom into some expression that shows happiness

but instead, the translator translates it into the similar form which, of course, has

the same meaning too. Based on KBBI, hangat hati means “suka hati”. It means

“delight” or “happy”. Therefore, hatiku terasa hangat means the person is feeling

happy. Thus, the similarity of both form and meaning shows that formal

equivalence is applied.

b. Semi idiom

Semi idiom is an idiom which has at least one word with literal meaning

and one non-literal meaning. The following data are semi idiom which

equivalence type is formal equivalence.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/3/66

…, learning random stuff

just to pass the time in a

warm, safe place.

TT/3/80

…, belajar macam-macam

sebagai pengisi waktu di

tempat aman nan hangat.

F

The idiom pass the time means, according to Merriam Webster, “to let

time or a period of time go by especially while doing something enjoyable”. It is

translated into pengisi waktu. According to KBBI, pengisi means “barang yang

diisikan”. Thus, pengisi waktu can be interpreted as to fill in the time. Here,

instead of to translate pass literally, the translator uses pengisi as the equivalent.

The word pengisi if combined with the word waktu will have the same meaning as

pass the time. The translator also tries to maintain the form. Therefore, the

translation of the idiom above is categorized as formal equivalence.


24

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/6/11

2

T.J and company had

parked themselves in front

of a big picture window

overlooking a vast field of

ice and swirling snow.

TT/6/13

9

T.J dan kawan-kawan sudah

memarkir diri di depan

jendela besar yang

menghadap ke padang es

luas berkabut salju yang

berputar-putar.

F

The idiom park oneself, according to Merriam Webster means “to sit in a

particular place especially for a long”. The translator translates it into memarkir

diri. Memarkir, according to KBBI, means “to stop or to place a motor vehicle for

a moment”. It has the same meaning as the ST, though in Indonesian the word

memarkir or to park is usually used for vehicle. Since it is an idiom, the literal

meaning is not used. Therefore, the meaning of memarkir diri here is to put

oneself in a place for a moment. Memarkir diri has the same the same order of

lexical items as the ST. Thus, it is categorized as formal equivalence.

c. Literal idiom

Literal idiom is an idiom which can be understood easily even one is not

familiar with the expression. This type of idiom appears the most in this section.

Below are the data which idiom type is literal idiom.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/4/78

"… well, they don't take

teens seriously, even if the

teens have been here

hundreds of years longer."

TT/4/95

"… mereka tidak

menganggap serius anak-

anak remaja, sekalipun

anak-anak remaja itu sudah

di sini ratusan tahun lebih

lama daripada mereka."

F

Based on Merriam Webster, take (someone or something) seriously means

“to treat (someone or something) as being very important and deserving attention


25

or respect”. The translator translates it into menganggap serius anak-anak remaja

which has a similar meaning. The translator chooses not to translate it with other

expressions that show importance and seriousness of taking something or

someone but to still carry the same meaning. Since it is a literal idiom, the

translator finds it easier to understand the meaning of the idiom. It also leads the

translator to translate the idiom into a similar form. It is translated into the same

form since the TT has similar lexical items. Hence, this idiom is categorized as

formal equivalence.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT EQ

ST/9/13

1

You, Magnus Chase, are of

interest to many different

parties.

TT/9/16

2

Kau, Magnus Chase,

menarik minat banyak

pihak.

F

According to Merriam Webster, the idiom of interest means “attracting

attention” or “interesting”. The idiom of interest is categorized as literal idiom

because it has interest which meaning can be interpreted literally. Though it can

be understood literally, it is still an idiom since it will have a meaning if it is

written as a whole (of interest). It would lose its meaning if it is not written in its

fixed phrase. The idiom above is translated into menarik minat, which based on

KBBI means “membangkitkan hasrat untuk memperhatikan”. Minat has the same

meaning as interest. Both means the state of wanting to know or learn about

something or someone. It has a similar meaning and also similar form. Since the

ST and TT have similar form and meaning, the translation of this idiom is

categorized as formal equivalence.


26

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/21/2

71

"Let's go pay our respects

before I lose my nerve."

TT/21/3

35

"Mari kita beri

penghormatan ke sana

sebelum aku kehilangan

nyali."

F

The idiom pay one’s respect is translated into beri penghormatan. Based

on Merriam Webster, pay one’s respects means “to visit or speak with someone in

a polite way as a sign of respect”. Here, kita beri penghormatan also means the

same. It is translated in a similar form because beri, according to KBBI, means

“serahkan atau bagi sesuatu kepada orang lain” or, in English, “to give” which has

the same meaning as pay. Also, penghormatan is an act of giving respect and in

English it is translated into “respect”. The translator chooses to translate the idiom

with the same form but still carry the same meaning. Therefore, it is categorized

as formal equivalence.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT EQ

ST/27/3

92

"In no way was my friend

giving you persmission to

do …”

TT/27/4

84

“Dia sama sekali tidak

memperkenankan kalian

untuk …”

F

The idiom in no way is translated into sama sekali tidak. Based on

Merriam Webster, in no way means “not at all” or “not in any parts”. The

translation of the ST idiom, sama sekali tidak, is the literal translation of the

idiom. Sama sekali, based on KBBI, means “sedikit pun” or in English is „at all‟

and tidak means „no‟ or „not‟. Therefore, sama sekali tidak means „not at all‟. The

TT has the same meaning as the ST, besides, it also has a similar form. The datum

above shows that formal equivalence is applied.


27

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/28/3

94 But Sam kept her cool.

TT/28/4

86 Tapi, Sam tetap tenang. F

Based on Merriam Webster, keep one’s cool means “to remain calm” or

“to not become upset or angry”. It is translated into tetap tenang. Keep has the

same meaning as tetap which is to remain or continue in a specified condition.

The word cool is used to express someone who is in the state where he/she is not

excited, angry or emotional and tenang, according to KBBI, means “tidak gelisah:

tidak kacau; aman dan tentram” which has similar meaning. Hence, kept her cool

and tetap tenang, besides having the same meaning, has a similar form and it

shows that formal equivalence is applied.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/30/4

80 Odin was taking a risk.

TT/30/5

98

Odin tengah mengambil

risiko. F

The idiom taking a risk is translated into mengambil risiko. According to

Merriam Webster, take a risk means “to do something that may result in loss,

failure, etc.” and mengambil risiko has the same meaning. The TT also has the

same lexical items as the ST. Take means “to carry something” or “to deal with

something”, while mengambil, according to KBBI, means “memegang sesuatu lalu

dibawa; memungut” which has the closest meaning to the first meaning of take

(“to carry something”) and risiko is the literal translation of risk. Since it is an

idiom, the words will not be taken literally, so, the translator chooses to translate

it into the idiom with similar meaning and also form. Hence, it is categorized as

formal equivalence.


28

2. Dynamic Equivalence

This part focuses on analyzing dynamic equivalence that occurs in the

translation of the idioms in Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of

Summer. According to Nida (1964), dynamic equivalence does not focus on the

form like formal equivalence does. It seeks for naturalness.

There are 13 pure idioms, 4 semi idioms and 4 literal idioms. The idiom

that appears the most is pure idiom. Pure idiom cannot be understood literally and

it may have a totally different meaning if it is translated literally. In order to

convey the same meaning as the source text idiom, the translator may have to

translate it into a different form. The following discussion explains all three types

of idioms that are categorized as dynamic equivalence.

a. Pure idiom

Pure idiom has non-literal words. It cannot be understood by combining

the meaning of the words that form the phrase. The following discussion analyzes

pure idioms that are categorized as dynamic equivalence.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/2/60 “Just rolls right off the

tongue.” TT/2/73

“Nama bagus. Sama sekali

tidak membuat lidah

keseleo.”

D

According to Merriam Webster, roll of the tongue means “to be easy to

say or pronounce”. From the datum above rolls right off the tongue is translated

into tidak membuat lidah keseleo. According to KBBI, keselo means “tepelecok”

or “terkilir” (be out of joint). The TT uses “be out of joint” rather than to translate

“roll off”. There is also the addition of “tidak” which is a negation. Though there


29

is a negation, the meaning is still the same since if there is no “tidak” the meaning

will be the opposite of the ST idiom. The translator chooses to translate it into

another idiom with different/dissimilar form but still have the same meaning.

Thus, dynamic equivalence is applied.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/5/93 I made a mental note to

avoid Odin.

TT/5/11

4

Kucamkan dalam benakku

baik-baik agar menghindari

Odin.

D

The idiom made a mental note is translated into kucamkan dalam benakku

baik- baik. If the Indonesian translation of this idiom is translated literally into

English, it becomes “to remember it well”. The word kucamkan comes from the

word cam which, based on KBBI, means “memperhatikan” (pay attention to). The

phrase kucamkan dalam benakku baik-baik is used to emphasize that a person is

really trying to remember something. The idiom make a mental note, according to

Merriam Webster, means “to try to remember to do something”. The translation

fit the meaning of the idiom well but does not use the same form. Therefore,

dynamic equivalence is applied.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/7/11

4

"He saw what was going on

and went nuts."

TT/7/14

1

"Dia melihat apa yang

terjadi dan sontak

menggila."

D

The idiom went nuts is translated into sontak menggila. According to

Merriam Webster, go nuts means “to become mentally ill: to become insane” and

“to act in a way that is wild or out of control because of strong emotion”. If nuts

alone translated into Indonesian, it means “gila” as an adjective and “kacang-


30

kacangan” as a noun. Nuts may commonly be understood by Indonesian as

“kacang-kacangan” which has no relation to how it actually means. Those who do

not know much about idioms may get confused of what it actually means. Thus, it

is categorized as pure idiom. The translator translates went nuts into sontak

menggila which is the most suitable one since menggila means “going crazy”. It

does not have the same form since it has different lexical items and order, but it

still has the same meaning. The dynamic equivalence is applied in this translation

of idiom.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/8/11

9

"..., even if they couldn't

put their finger on what it

was."

TT/8/14

6

"..., meskipun mereka tidak

tahu apa persisnya yang

istimewa."

D

The idiom (not) put your finger on something means “to (not) be able to

identify what is wrong or different about particular situation”, according to Oxford

Learner’s Dictionary Online. This idiom is translated into tidak tahu apa

persisnya yang istimewa which has similar meaning with what the idiom actually

means. The use of the word persisnya indicates that “particular situation”. This

idiom is translated into same meaning but it does not have the same form since if

the idiom (not) put their finger on is translated into Indonesian, it becomes

“meletakkan jari mereka pada” which means the action of putting their fingers on

something. It does not have particular meaning in Indonesian. Hence, the idiom is

translated into another expression which suits the meaning of the idiom. This

datum is categorized as dynamic equivalence.


31

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/11/1

50

I didn't want to get wrapped

up in some Viking

Doomsday, but something

told me it was too late.

TT/11/1

84

Aku tidak ingin ikut

campur dalam Kiamat

Viking, tapi aku punya

firasat bahwa sudah

terlambat.

D

According to Merriam Webster, wrapped up in means “fully involved or

interested in (something)”. This idiom is translated into ikut campur which fits the

definition “fully involved”. Ikut campur, based on KBBI, means “turut mengurus

(perkara orang lain)”. Both ST and TT have the same meaning, but the form is

different. The idiom above is categorized as pure idiom since it cannot be

understood and translated literally. Rather than translates it literally, the translator

translates the idiom into an understandable phrase in the target language. Wrapped

up in if it is literally translated become “dibungkus di”, which means to be

wrapped and is not an idiom in the target language. The literally translated idiom

is also not a suitable one for the sentence and will not convey the meaning of the

idiom well. Since it has different form and same meaning, the datum above is

categorized as dynamic equivalence.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/12/1

50

…, around the same time a

bunch of other bad stuff

was breaking loose in the

Nine Worlds.

TT/12/1

84

…, kira-kira pada saat yang

sama ketika terjadi beragam

hal buruk di Sembilan

Dunia.

D

Based on Merriam Webster, break loose means “to suddenly become

loose” or “to suddenly stop being attached to something”. The ST idiom‟s

meaning cannot be understood by seeing its individual components. Those who do


32

not familiar with this idiom may not get the meaning at the first glance. The idiom

breaking loose is translated into terjadi. Terjadi, according to KBBI, means

“sudah berlaku (tentang suatu peristiwa)” or something that has happened. The

meaning of the ST idiom and TT seems not similar, but if it is seen from the

context of the text, the similarity can be seen. From the datum above, the

phrase/idiom break loose is used to show that bad things is not „attached to

something‟ but to „stop being attached to something‟, which means bad things are

going to happen in the Nine Worlds. The translator chooses to use the word

terjadi which has similar meaning. Thus, dynamic equivalence is applied since it

is not translated into the same form and seeks for naturalness, but still has a

similar meaning.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/13/1

63 He cleared his throat.

TT/13/2

02 Blitz berdeham. D

Clear one’s throat, according to Merriam Webster, means “to make a

noise in the throat for attention or to be able to speak more clearly”. Since the

idiom above is categorized as pure idiom, the meaning of the idiom cannot be

interpreted literally. This idiom is translated into berdeham which according to

KBBI means “berbatuk- batuk kecil yang tertahan”. It may have slightly different

meaning, but the point of the meaning is to make noise in the throat. Therefore,

the translation of the idiom has similar meaning but no similar form. It has no

similar form because clear one’s throat if it is translated literally into Indonesian,

it becomes “membersihkan tenggorokan seseorang” which means the action of


33

cleaning someone‟s throat. The datum above shows that dynamic equivalence is

applied.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/16/1

91

"… I told them, racetracks.

In the sky. With dragons.

They'd make a killing."

TT/16/2

36

"… Arena pacuan, kataku

pada mereka. Di langit.

Lombakan naga-naga itu.

Pemasukannya niscaya

melimpah."

D

The idiom make a killing, based on Oxford Learner’s Dictionary Online,

means “to make a lot of money quickly”. The datum above shows the idiom is

translated into pemasukannya niscaya melimpah which has a similar meaning

with the ST but dissimilar form. Pemasukannya niscaya melimpah means “to

believe that one can earn a lot of money”. The translator does not translate the

idiom literally or translate it into the TT‟s idiom but to translate it by translating

the meaning of the idiom (or to paraphrase it). Hence, the translation of the idiom

above is categorized as dynamic equivalence.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/17/2

10 Fear got the best of me.

TT/17/2

61 Rasa sakit menguasaiku. D

The idiom got the best of me is translated into menguasaiku. Based on

Oxford Learner’s Dictionary Online, the idiom have/get the best of something

means “to gain more advantage from something than somebody else”. From the

datum above, it shows that the „fear‟ takes control, or gain an advantage over

oneself. According to KBBI, menguasai means “memegang kekuasaan atas

sesuatu” or “to take control of something”. It apparently has the same meaning,


34

but, since the ST is not translated into another idiom or/with similar form in TT, it

does not have the same form. Therefore, the translation of the datum above is


No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/18/2

24

"A dream come true, being

able to take off at a

moment's notice."

TT/18/2

77

"Impianku terwujud, bisa

lepas landas dalam

sekejap."

D

Based on Oxford Learner’s Dictionary Online, at a moment’s notice

means “not long in advance” or “without warning or time for preparation”. It is

translated into dalam sekejap. It has no similar form but it has a similar meaning.

Instead of translating the idiom word-by-word or translating it literally, the

translator paraphrases the idiom and chooses to use the word sekejap. Sekejap,

based on KBBI, means “sebentar sekali; sesaat” or in English is “split second”.

Therefore, the phrase dalam sekejap means “in a split second” which has a similar

meaning as the ST‟s idiom. In translating this idiom, dynamic equivalence is

applied.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/22/2

73

The woman fixed me with

her sky-blue eyes.

TT/22/3

37

Perempuan itu menatapku

lekat-lekat dengan matanya

yang sebiru langit.

D

Fix (someone) with, based on Merriam Webster, means “to stay that a

person is looking directly at someone in certain way”. The idiom fixed me with is

translated into menatapku lekat-lekat. According to KBBI, menatap means

“melihat atau memperhatikan objek, dengan seksama dan durasi yang agak

panjang” or “to look at something or someone in a certain duration” and lekat-


35

lekat means “terus-menerus” or “continuously”. Therefore, menatapku lekat-lekat

means to look at someone directly/continuously. Both ST and TT have a similar

meaning, but dissimilar form because both ST and TT have different lexical items.

The translation of the datum above shows that dynamic equivalence is applied.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/24/2

99

I felt angry and guilty that

I'd put Blitzen in such a

tight spot.

TT/24/3

72

Aku merasa marah dan

bersalah karena telah

berperan dalam

memojokkan Blitzen.

D

The idiom in such a tight spot is translated into memojokkan. It is

translated into a word which has the same meaning. Based on Oxford Learner’s

Dictionary Online, in a (tight) spot means “in a difficult situation” and

memojokkan, based on KBBI, means “mendesak ke keadaan (posisi) yang sulit” or

“to put someone in a difficult situation”. It clearly shows that both ST and TT

have the same meaning. For the form, both texts have different form. Thus, the

translation of the idiom above is categorized as dynamic equivalence.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/25/3

35

"..., Surt won't be able to

get his hands on it."

TT/25/4

14

"..., Surt takkan bisa

merebutnya." D

According to Merriam Webster, get one’s hands on means “to find, get, or

control (someone or something)”. The datum above shows the idiom get his hands

on is translated into merebutnya. Based on KBBI, merebut means “mengambil

sesuatu dengan kekerasan atau dengan paksa” or “to get something by force”.

Though the ST, based on the dictionary, does not show that the meaning of the

idiom is about getting something by force, the context of the text is about Surt


36

who is about to seize the sword. The translator chooses to translate it to the closest

meaning as possible. The ST and the TT have a similar meaning but have no

similar form. Therefore, dynamic equivalence is applied.

b. Semi idiom

Semi idiom is an idiom which meaning can be understood by adding up

non-literal meaning and literal meaning of the words. The following data are semi

idiom which equivalence type is dynamic equivalence.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/14/1

77

“My friend was supposed to

be keeping watch.”

TT/14/2

19

“Temanku semestinya

berjaga di luar.” D

According to Merriam Webster, the idiom keep watch means “to watch to

make sure that no one is coming”. This idiom is translated into berjaga di luar by

the translator. The translator chooses the word berjaga which, based on KBBI,

means “waspada”. In English, it means “wide-awake” as an adjective, “be on

one‟s guard” as a verb. The translated idiom clearly has different form and words

used, but it still carries the same meaning. Hence, the equivalence applied in this

translated idiom is dynamic equivalence.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/15/1

91

“Yeah, busloads of retires

coming to Vanaheim. Easy

money.”

TT/15/2

36

“Iya. Pensiunan 36ating

berbondong-bondong ke

Vanaheim. Cara mudah

untuk meraup uang. “

D

Based on Oxford Learner’s Dictionary Online, easy money means “money

that you get without having to work very hard for it”. This idiom is translated into

cara mudah untuk meraup uang. The idiom if it is translated literally into


37

Indonesian it becomes “uang mudah”. The translator may not find the phrase or

idiom that has the same meaning or form as the ST idiom, so the translator

chooses to explain the meaning of the idiom to translate the idiom. Therefore,

since it has different form and similar meaning, it is categorized as dynamic

equivalence.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/19/2

36

"It put my own collection to

shame."

TT/19/2

93

"Koleksi pribadiku belum

ada apa-apanya." D

According to Merriam Webster, put (someone or something) to shame

means “to be much better than (someone or something)”. The datum above shows

that the idiom is translated into koleksi pribadiku belum ada apa-apanya. The

translator chooses not to literally translate the ST‟s idiom and paraphrase it

instead since the idiom does not have the close match in the TT. Instead of

translating the word shame, which meaning is “feeling of humiliation or distress

caused by the consciousness of wrong or foolish behavior”, it is translated into

belum ada apa-apanya or “it is nothing compared to something”. The translation

has the same meaning as the ST. Hence, this is categorized as dynamic

equivalence.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/23/2

86

"..., but children of the gods

don't put much stock in

that sort of connection."

TT/23/3

54

"..., tapi anak-anak dewa

tidak terlalu menganggap

penting hubungan

semacam itu."

D

According to Oxford Learner’s Dictionary Online, put stock in something

means “to have a particular amount of belief in something”. From the datum


38

above, the idiom put much stock in that sort of connection is translated into

menganggap penting hubungan semacam itu. It has different form but still has a

similar meaning. Based on KBBI, menganggap means “memandang sebagai;

berpendapat bahwa” and penting means “utama; pokok”. Therefore, memandang

penting means to see/think something is important or to believe something. It

shows that the TT has the same meaning as the ST. The datum above can be


c. Literal idiom

Idiom that meaning can be understood literally is categorized as literal

idiom. The words that form the phrase are literally interpreted. The data below are

idioms which idiom type is literal idiom.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/10/1

49

..., but I didn't pay much

attention to their

conversation.

TT/10/1

83

..., tapi aku tidak terlalu

memperhatikan percakapan

mereka.

D

According to Merriam Webster, pay attention to means “to concentrate

on”. It is translated into memperhatikan. Based on KBBI, memperhatikan means

“mengamati” or “mencermati” which has a similar meaning as “to concentrate

on”. Pay means “to give” and meperhatikan can also mean “to give full attention

to something”. Both text has a similar meaning. Pay attention to is categorized as

literal idiom, it may be easier for the translator to translate it into a word or phrase

based on the translator‟s understanding. The translator chooses to translate it into

a word with dissimilar form but still carry the same meaning. Thus, dynamic



39

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/20/2

42

"I have to make a living on

the ocean!"

TT/20/3

00

"Aku harus mencari

nafkah di laut!" D

The idiom make a living is translated into mencari nafkah. According to

Merriam Webster, make a living means “to earn the money one needs to pay for

housing, food, etc.” It has the same meaning as mencari nafkah. Based on KBBI,

mencari nafkah means “berusaha mendapat penghasilan untuk memenuhi

keperluan hidup” which has the same exact meaning as the ST idiom. The

translator chooses not to translate the idiom word-by-word or to translate it

literally since it would make the TT to have a different meaning. Therefore, the

translator chooses a phrase that suits the meaning and it shows that dynamic


No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/26/3

79

“Hearthstone, do your

stuff!”

TT/26/4

69 “Hearthstone, silakan!” D

The datum above shows the idiom do your stuff is translated into silakan.

Based on Oxford Learner’s Dictionary Online, do your stuff means “to do what

you are good at or what you have been trained to do”. It is translated into silakan

which means, based on KBBI, “sudilah kiranya” or “to ask or to let someone to do

something” or “please”. The text above is about Hearthstone who was asked to do

thing that he is good at, which is magic. The translator chooses the word that has

similar meaning as the ST but with different form. Thus, dynamic equivalence is

applied.


40

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/29/4

79

“you could choose a much

more dangerous

assignment, working

directly for me as the need

arises on other, shall we

say, high-risk, high-reward

missions.”

TT/29/5

97

"kau boleh memilih tugas

yang lebih berbahaya, yakni

bekerja langsung di

bawahku dalam misi-misi

insidental yang beresiko

tinggi dan berimbalan

besar, kita sebut saja

demikian."

D

According to Merriam Webster, the idiom as the need arises means “when

it is necessary to do so.” The idiom is neither translated into an idiom nor a

phrase. Instead of translating the idiom literally, the translator chooses not to

translate the idiom. The translator may find it hard to translate the idiom into

idiom or to find a phrase that fit the sentence. Even though the translator chooses

not to translate it, the meaning or the message of the text is still conveyed. The

sentence is still clear. Therefore, the translation of the idiom above is categorized

as dynamic equivalence

B. The Translation Strategies Applied in the Idioms

This part discusses the translation strategies (Strat) which are applied in

translating the idioms found in Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The

Sword of Summer by applying Baker‟s theory (2018). By discussing the

translation strategies applied, the researcher can do a further analysis on how the

translator deals with certain types of idiom and what idiom translation strategy is

commonly applied in an idiom which is categorized as formal equivalence or

dynamic equivalence. The following discussion is divided into four parts, which

are translation using an idiom of similar meaning and form (S1), translation using


41

an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form (S2), translation by paraphrase

(S3), and translation by omission of entire idiom (S4).

Chart 2 The Translation Strategies of The Idiom Translations

There are only four strategies that are used, the other two types of idiom

translation strategies, which are borrowing the source language idiom and

omission of a play on idiom, are not discussed because there is no data that is

using those strategies. There are 4 idioms that are translated by using an idiom of

similar meaning of form, 3 idioms translated by using an idiom of similar

meaning but dissimilar form, 22 idioms translated by paraphrasing, and 1 idiom

translated by omitting the entire idiom.

1. Translation using an idiom of similar meaning and form

This strategy uses the target language idiom to translate the source

language idiom. The TL idiom should have the same meaning as the SL idiom, as

well as the form. The following discussion analyzes the use of this strategy.

0

5

10

15

20

25

similarmeaning and

form

similarmeaning but

dissimilarform

borrowingthe SL idiom

paraphrase omission of aplay on idiom

omission ofentire idiom

Translation Strategies


42

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/1/39



for me.

TT/1/46




S1

Based on Merriam Webster, warm someone’s heart is defined as “to cause

someone to have pleasant feelings of happiness”. The ST in the datum above is

translated into hatiku terasa hangat. According to KBBI¸ hangat hati means

“girang hati” or “happy”. It is used to describe that someone is feeling happy. It

has a similar meaning as the ST, besides, it is also translated with a similar form.

Therefore, the phrase hatiku terasa hangat is an idiom with similar meaning and

form as the ST.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/6/11

2

T.J and company had





TT/6/13

9



jendela besar yang



berputar-putar.

S1

According to Merriam Webster, park oneself means “to sit in a particular

place especially for a long”. The idiom parked themselves is translated into

memarkir diri. Both ST and TT have the same meaning and the same form.

Mermarkir, based on KBBI, means “menghentikan atau menaruh (kendaraan

bermotor) untuk beberapa saat di tempat yang sudah disediakan” or “to stop or to

place (usually a motor vehicle) for a moment” and diri means “oneself”.

Therefore, memarkir diri means to put oneself in a place for a moment. The ST

idiom has the equivalent in the target language.


43

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/9/13

1



parties.

TT/9/16

2

Kau, Magnus Chase,


pihak.

S1

The idiom of interest is translated into menarik minat. According to

Merriam Webster, of interest means “attracting attention” or “interesting”. It is

translated into a similar form. Based on KBBI, menarik means “membangkitkan

hasrat untuk memperhatikan” or “to attract” and minat means “gairah; keinginan”.

Both ST and TT have the meaning of the feeling of interested in something. The

translator also chooses to translate it into a similar form since the idiom has the

equivalent in the TT idiom. Therefore, the phrase menarik minat is an idiom with

similar meaning and similar form as the ST.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/30/4


TT/30/5

98


risiko. S1

Take a risk, according to Merriam Webster means “to do something that

may result in loss, failure, etc.” The idiom taking a risk is translated into

mengambil risiko. Risiko, based on KBBI, means “akibat yang kurang

menyenangkan dari suatu perbuatan atau tindakan”. Therefore, mengambil risiko

means to take or to do something which may have an unpleasant result. Both ST

and TT have exactly the same meaning and equivalent lexical items, which show

that both texts have the same form. The ST idiom has the equivalent in the TT.

The datum above shows that the translator chooses to translate it by using an

idiom of similar meaning and form.


44

2. Translation using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form

Using this strategy means to translate the SL idiom into a TL idiom which

has different lexical items but still carry a similar meaning as the SL idiom. The

data below are translated by using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar

form.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat


tongue.” TT/2/73


tidak membuat lidah

keseleo.”

S2

According to Merriam Webster, the idiom roll of the tongue means “to be

easy to say or pronounce”. It is translated into tidak membuat lidah keseleo.

Keseleo, based on KBBI, means “terkilir” or “sprain”. Then, TT idiom means

“does not make the tongue sprained or tripped” which also an expression to show

that something is easy to pronounce or say. Both idioms share the same meaning.

However, the forms of both idioms are not similar.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/15/1

91

"Yeah, busloads of retiress


money."

TT/15/2

36

"Iya. Pensiunan datang



untuk meraup uang."

S2

Easy money is defined as “money that you get without having to work

very hard for it”. The datum above shows that the idiom is translated into different

form but still carry the similar meaning. It is translated into cara mudah untuk

meraup uang. According to KBBI, meraup means “menciduk dengan merapatkan

kedua belah tangan”, but if it is used idiomatically it means “memperoleh banyak-


45

banyak” or “to gain as much as possible”. Both ST and TT are noun, but the ST

idiom is more to the “money” that is easy to get, while the translated idiom is

about “the way” to get the money easily. Thus, the strategy used here is to

translate the idiom by using similar meaning but dissimilar form.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/22/2

73


her sky-blue eyes.

TT/22/3

37



yang sebiru langit.

S2

According to Merriam Webster, fix (someone) with means “to say that a

person is looking directly at someone in certain way.” The idiom fixed me with is

translated into menatapku lekat-lekat. Lekat-lekat, according to KBBI, means

“tidak berantara; terus-menerus” or “directly; continuously”. Therefore,

menatapku lekat-lekat means to see someone directly/continuously/closely. Both

ST and TT have a similar meaning but not with the form. Though the ST and TT

have dissimilar form, it still makes both languages have the equivalent of the

idiom.

3. Translation by paraphrase

This strategy is commonly used. There are 22 idioms that are translated by

paraphrasing it. The following data are translated by using paraphrasing strategy.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/3/66



warm, safe place.

TT/3/80




S3

Based on Merriam Webster, the idiom pass the time means “to let time or

a period of time go by especially while doing something enjoyable”. From the


46

datum above pass the time is translated into pengisi waktu. The translator does not

translate it into the TT idiom because the translator may not find the equivalent.

Therefore, the translator chooses to paraphrase it into pengisi waktu which has a

similar meaning. Pengisi waktu means some activities to do to let time goes.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/4/78





TT/4/95

"… mereka tidak






S3

Take teens seriously is translated into menganggap serius anak-anak

remaja. According to Merriam Webster, take (someone or something) seriously

means “to treat (someone or something) as being very important and deserving

attention or respect”. The translator chooses to translate it into the closest form as

the ST which also has the same meaning. Having a similar form and meaning

does not always mean that it is translated into the TT idiom. The ST idiom is

translated into a phrase which covey the meaning well and it shows that

paraphrasing strategy is used.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat


avoid Odin.

TT/5/11

4



Odin.

S3

The idiom made a mental note is translated into kucamkan dalam benakku

baik-baik. Make a mental note, according to Merriam Webster, means “to try to

remember to do something”. The idiom does not have the equivalent in the TT.


47

Since it has no equivalent, the translator paraphrases the idiom into an

understandable phrase in the TT that conveys the meaning of the idiom.

Kucamkan baik-baik means “to remember something well” which has the same

meaning as the ST idiom.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/7/11

4


and went nuts."

TT/7/14

1


terjadi dan sontak

menggila."

S3

According to Merriam Webster, go nuts means “to become mentally ill: to

become insane” and “to act in a way that is wild or out of control because of

strong emotion”. Since the idiom has no equivalent in the TT language, the

translator translates it based on his/her understanding and translates it into sontak

menggila which also a phrase that shows that someone acts out of control or

someone is going crazy. Therefore, paraphrasing strategy is applied in translating

this idiom.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/8/11

9



was."

TT/8/14

6



istimewa."

S3

According to Oxford Learner’s Dictionary Online, (not) put your finger on

something means “to (not) be able to identify what is wrong or different about

particular situation”. The idiom couldn’t put their finger on is translated into tidak

tahu apa persisnya. Tidak tahu means not knowing about something and apa

persisnya means something specific/particular. Therefore, tidak tahu apa

persisnya means “not knowing about something specific/particular”. Both texts


48

have similar meaning. It may be hard for the translator to find the equivalent in

the target language, so, the translator chooses to translate the idiom by

paraphrasing.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/10/1

49


attention to their

conversation.

TT/10/1

83



mereka.

S3

Based on Merriam Webster, pay attention to means “to concentrate on”.

The idiom pay much attention is translated into memperhatikan. It is translated

into memperhatikan which is a word that shows that someone is concentrating on

something. According to KBBI, memperhatikan means “mengamati; mencermati;

mengawasi”. Both ST and TT have a similar meaning. The translator chooses to

paraphrase the ST idiom since the idiom does not have the equivalent in the target

language and it is easier for the translator to translate the idiom based on the

translator‟s understanding.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Srat

ST/11/1

50


up in some Viking



TT/11/1

84


campur dalam Kiamat


firasat bahwa sudah

terlambat.

S3

Wrapped up in, according to Merriam Webster, means “fully involved or

interested in (something)”. The datum above shows that the idiom wrapped up in

is translated into ikut campur. The ST idiom has no equivalent in the target

language which makes the translator to paraphrase the idiom into a phrase which


49

conveys a similar meaning to the ST. Ikut campur means “to get involved” and it

is the same meaning as what the ST idiom means.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/12/1

50

..., around the same time a



Nine Worlds.

TT/12/1

84

..., kira-kira pada saat yang



Dunia.

S3

The idiom break loose, based on Merriam Webster, means “to suddenly

become loose” or “to suddenly stop being attached to something”. The idiom

breaking loose is translated into terjadi. The translation of the idiom is not placed

in the same form as the ST because the translator chooses to paraphrase the whole

sentence, including the idiom. The translation still conveys the same meaning

even though the idiom is paraphrased. According to KBBI, terjadi means “sudah

berlaku (tentang suatu peristiwa)” or something that has happened. It may seem

that the meaning terjadi is not similar at all with break loose. The text is about the

bad stuff that will happen (or “to suddenly become loose”) in the Nine Worlds and

the word terjadi suits the meaning of the text well.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/13/1


TT/13/2

02 Blitz berdeham. S3

According to Merriam Webster, the idiom clear one’s throat means “to

make a noise in the throat for attention or to be able to speak more clearly”. This

idiom is translated into berdeham. The ST idiom has no equivalent, so, the

translator chooses to translate it into a word which has a close meaning to the ST.

Based on KBBI, berdeham means “berbatuk- batuk kecil yang tertahan”. Though


50

it has neither equivalent in the TT language nor similar form, it has a similar

meaning. Hence, translating by paraphrasing is applied.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/14/1

77

"My friend was supposed to

be keeping watch."

TT/14/2

19

"Temanku semestinya

berjaga di luar." S3

The idiom keep watch, based on Merriam Webster, means “to watch to

make sure that no one is coming”. It is translated into berjaga di luar which is not

an idiom in the target language. Berjaga, according to KBBI, means “bersiap-siap;

waspada” or “to watch or to be aware” and di luar means “outside”. Therefore,

berjaga di luar has a similar meaning with the ST idiom which meaning is to stay

outside to watch if someone is coming. The translator paraphrases it into a phrase

that conveys the similar meaning of the ST idiom. Paraphrasing strategy is used

because there is no TT idiom that has similar meaning as the ST.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/16/1

91

".... I told them, racetracks.



TT/16/2

36





melimpah."

S3

According to Oxford Learner’s Dictionary Online, make a killing means

“to make a lot of money quickly”. The datum above shows that the idiom is

translated into pemasukannya niscaya melimpah. The idiom does not have the

equivalent in the target language. Since it has no equivalent, the translator

paraphrases the idiom into a phrase that still conveys the same meaning as the ST.


51

The phrase pemasukannya niscaya melimpah means “to believe that it would earn

a lot of money”.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/17/2


TT/17/2

61 Rasa sakit menguasaiku. S3

The idiom got the best of me is translated into menguasaiku. Based on

Oxford Learner’s Dictionary Online, have/get the best of something means “to

gain more advantage from something than somebody else”. The idiom is

translated into menguasaiku which has a similar meaning as the ST. According to

KBBI, menguasai means “berkuasa atas sesuatu” or “to take control of something”

which in this case, the fear takes control and gain advantage over oneself. It shows

that the translator chooses to paraphrase the idiom and use a word that coveys the

meaning of the ST well since it is hard to find the equivalent in the target

language.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/18/2

24



moment's notice."

TT/18/2

77


lepas landas dalam

sekejap."

S3

The idiom at a moment’s notice is translated into dalam sekejap.

According to Oxford Learner’s Dictionary Online, at a moment’s notice means

“not long in advance” or “without warning or time for preparation”. The

translation of the idiom has the same meaning, but it is not translated into the

idiom of the TT. The translator applies paraphrasing strategy to translate the

idiom. It is used since the ST has no equivalent in the TT.


52

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/19/2

36


shame."

TT/19/2

93


ada apa-apanya." S3

Put (someone or something) to shame, according to Merriam Webster,

means “to be much better than (someone or something)”. It is translated into

koleksi pribadiku belum ada apa-apanya. The translator paraphrases it instead of

translating it into the TT idiom. Though it is not translated into the same form or

to the TT idiom, the phrase belum ada apa-apanya still carries the same meaning

as the ST since the meaning of the phrase is “nothing compared to others”.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/20/2

42


the ocean!"

TT/20/3

00

"Aku harus mencari

nafkah di laut!" S3

According to Merriam Webster, make a living means “to earn the money

one needs to pay for housing, food, etc.” The datum above says that the idiom is

translated into mencari nafkah. The phrase Mencari nafkah means to earn money

which also has the same meaning as the ST idiom. It is not translated into the TT

idiom since it has no equivalent in the TT. The translator chooses to paraphrase it

with a phrase that conveys a similar meaning as the ST.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/21/2

71



TT/21/3

35

"Mari kita beri



nyali."

S3

Based on Merriam Webster, pay one’s respects means “to visit or speak

with someone in a polite way as a sign of respect”. The idiom pay our respects is


53

translated beri penghormatan which has a similar meaning Beri penghormatan

also means an act of giving respect. The translator may not find the equivalent of

the ST idiom in the target language. It leads the translator to paraphrases the

sentence into a phrase that has the closest meaning as the ST idiom.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/23/2

86




TT/23/3

54



penting hubungan

semacam itu."

S3

The idiom put much stock in that sort of connection is translated into

menganggap penting. According to Oxford Learner’s Dictionary Online, put

stock in something means “to have a particular amount of belief in something”.

The idiom above is not translated into the TT idiom. The translator applies

paraphrasing strategy in translating the idiom since the translator may not find the

equivalent of the ST idiom in the TT. The phrase menganggap penting means to

think something is important or to believe something. The meaning of the phrase

of the translated idiom has a similar meaning with the ST idiom.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/24/2

99



tight spot.

TT/24/3

72



berperan dalam

memojokkan Blitzen.

S3

According to Oxford Learner’s Dictionary Online, in a (tight) spot means

“in a difficult situation”. The idiom in such a tight spot is translated into

memojokkan which has the same meaning as the ST. Memojokkan, according to

KBBI, means “mendesak ke keadaan (posisi) yang sulit” or “to put someone in a


54

difficult situation”. The datum above shows that the translator chooses to

paraphrase the idiom into a word that still carries the same meaning as the ST.

Though it is translated into a different form, the meaning of the idiom is still

conveyed well.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/25/3

35



TT/25/4

14


merebutnya." S3

Get one’s hands on, according to Merriam Webster, means “to find, get, or

control (someone or something)”. The idiom get his hands on is translated into

merebutnya. Based on KBBI, merebut means “mengambil sesuatu dengan

kekerasan atau dengan paksa” or “to get something by force”. It has a little

difference of the meaning between the SL idiom and the TL idiom. The SL idiom

has no word that shows something that is by force. The translator chooses to

translate it into merebut, which shows to get something by force, because the

context of the text is about Surt who wants to seize the sword. The translator

paraphrases the SL idiom into a word that is suitable for the text so the meaning of

the text is conveyed well.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/26/3

79


stuff!”

TT/26/4

69 “Hearthstone, silakan!” S3

The idiom do your stuff, based on Oxford Learner’s Dictionary Online,

means “to do what you are good at or what you have been trained to do.” The

idiom is translated into silakan which meaning is to let someone do something. In

this case, Hearthstone was asked to do magic, thing that she is good at. Both ST


55

and TT has similar meaning and the TT conveys the meaning well. This datum

shows that the translator chooses not to translate it into an idiom in the TT but to

paraphrase it instead.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/27/3

92



do …”

TT/27/4

84



untuk …”

S3

The datum above shows that the idiom in no way is translated into sama

sekali tidak. The translator chooses to paraphrase the ST idiom since there is no

equivalent in the TT. Paraphrasing the sentence makes the position of the idiom

changes too. Though the form is changed, the TT still conveys the same meaning

as the ST. Based on Merriam Webster, in no way means “not at all” or “not in any

parts”. Sama sekali, based on KBBI, means “sedikit pun” or in English is „at all‟

and tidak means „no‟ or „not‟. Therefore, sama sekali tidak means “not at all”. It

has the same exact meaning as the ST, but the TT is not an idiom.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/28/3


TT/28/4

86 Tapi, Sam tetap tenang. S3

The idiom kept her cool is translated into tetap tenang. According to

Merriam Webster, keep one’s cool means “to remain calm” or “to not become

upset or angry”. The translator may not find the equivalent idiom in the target

language and paraphrases the source text idiom into a phrase which delivers the

same meaning as the source text. Based on KBBI, tetap means “tidak berubah

(keadaannya, kedudukannya, dan sebagainya) and tenang means “tidak gelisah;


56

tidak kacau; aman dan tentram”. Therefore, tetap tenang has the same meaning as

the source text which is “to remain calm”.

4. Translation by omission of entire idiom

This strategy is used by omitting the idiom. Translator uses this strategy

when there is no equivalent of the SL idiom or it seems unnecessary to translate

the idiom. The datum below shows how this strategy is applied.

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/29/4

79


more dangerous

assignment, working




missions.”

TT/29/5

97



bekerja langsung di





demikian."

S4

The idiom as the need arises, according to Merriam Webster, means

“when it is necessary to do so.” The idiom is not translated into an idiom or a

phrase. The translator may find it hard to translate idiom into idiom or to

paraphrase it, therefore, the idiom is omitted in the TT. By applying the omission

strategy, it is shown that the message of the text is still conveyed even though the

idiom is not translated.


57

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

The focus of this research is to analyze the types of equivalence and the

translation strategies applied in the idioms found in Magnus Chase and the Gods

of Asgard: The Sword of Summer. There are 30 idioms that are analyzed in this

research. The idioms found are divided into three types. It is based on Fernando‟s

type of idiom: pure idiom; semi idom; and literal idiom.

In order to analyze the types of equivalence applied in the idiom, the

researcher uses Nida‟s equivalence theory. There are two types of equivalence, as

stated by Nida, which are formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence. The

analysis and discussion shows that there are 9 data that are categorized as formal

equivalence which 6 of it are literal idiom. It shows that the translator mainly

translates literal idiom into the same form and meaning since it can be understood

literally. For dynamic equivalence type, there are 21 data categorized as dynamic

equivalence. The type of idiom in this type of equivalence that appears mostly is

pure idiom. The translator has to translate it into a different form in order to

convey the same meaning as the source text idiom since pure idiom cannot be

understood literally.

The second analysis is to analyze the translation strategies that are used by

the translator to translate the idiom. Out of 6 Baker‟s idiom translation strategies,

the translator only uses 4 of it. The result shows the most used strategy is


58

translation by paraphrase. It has 22 data applying this strategy. The least used

strategy is translation by omission of entire idiom with only a datum. Translation

using similar idiom and form has 4 data and translation using similar idiom but

dissimilar form has 3 data.

In conclusion, the translation of the idioms in Magnus Chase and the Gods

of Asgard: The Sword of Summer are mostly categorized as dynamic equivalence

and using paraphrasing strategy to translate the idioms. The translator chooses to

translate the idiom into phrase or word that still convey the same meaning but in

different form. Rather than to make the translation into a phrase with ambiguous

or confusing meaning, the translator chose to make the translation understandable

since the message of the text is still delivered well.

The idioms which are categorized as formal equivalence are also mainly

translated using paraphrasing strategy and some are translated using similar

meaning and form strategy. 4 out of 9 idioms which are categorized as formal

equivalence are translated using similar meaning and form strategy. There is no

idiom from dynamic equivalence type that is translated using similar meaning and

form strategy. The translator shows that formal equivalence maintains the form as

close as possible as the ST but still carry the similar meaning by translating the

idioms using similar form and meaning strategy.

For further research, this thesis can be developed by examining the quality

of a translation which can be found by analyzing the accuracy, acceptability, and

readability. Those aspects can be measured by using Nababan‟s Scale of

Translation Quality.


59

REFERENCES

Ardita, M.(2017). The Translation Analysis of The Idiomatic Expression in

Kinney’s Diary of A Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw Into Diary Si Bocah

Tengil: Usaha Terakhir (Undergraduate Thesis). Universitas Sanata

Dharma, Yogyakarta.

Baker, M. (2018). In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation (3rd

ed). New

York: Routledge.

Catford, J.C. (1965). A Linguistic Theory of Translation: An Essay in Applied

Linguistics. London: Oxford University Press.

Chrisadiya, R.D. (2016). The Translation of Idiomatic Expressions in J.K.

Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone: A Study on Equivalence

and Translation Strategies (Undergraduate Thesis). Universitas Sanata

Dharma, Yogyakarta.

Fernando, C. (1996). Idioms and Idiomaticity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

George, M.W. (2008). The Elements of Library Research: What Every Student

Needs to Know. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Imre, A. (2012). Comuunication Through Translation, 2, 1051-1055. Retreived

from https://www.academia.edu/19800079/Communication_through_t

ranslation

KBBI Daring (n.d.). In KBBI Daring. Retrieved January, 2021, from

https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/

Krejcie, R.V., & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research

Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.

Retrieved from https://home.kku.ac.th/sompong/guest_speaker/Krejcieand

Morgan_article.pdf

Lörscher, W. (1991). Translation Performance, Translation Process, and

Translation Strategies: A Psycholinguistic Investigation. Tübingen:

Gunter Narr.

Merriam-Webster (n.d.). In merriam-webster.com dictionsry. Retrieved January,

2021, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/

Munday, J. (2001). Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications

(2nd

ed). New York: Routledge.


60

Nida, E.A. (1964). Toward A Science of Translating. Leiden: Brill Archive.

Newmark, P. (1988). A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice-Hall

International.

Oxford Learner‟s Dictionaries Online (n.d.). In Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries.

Retrieved January, 2021, from

https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/

Riordan, R. (2015). Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of

Summer. Jakarta Selatan: Penerbit Noura Books.

Riordan, R. (2015). Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard: The Sword of

Summer. New York: Disney-Hyperion.

Westfall, L. (2009). The Certified Software Quality Engineer Handbook.

Milwaukee: ASQ Quality Press

Wicaksono, D.B. & Wahyuni, E. (2018). An Analysis of the Strategies Used in

Translating Idioms in Indonesia Into English Found in Indonesian

Legends, 3(1), 45-55. Retreived from https://www.researchgate.net/

publication/331871201_AN_ANALYSIS_OF_THE_STRATEGIES_USE

D_IN_TRANSLATING_IDIOMS_IN_INDONESIA_INTO_ENGLISH_F

OUND_IN_INDONESIAN_LEGENDS.

Williams, J. & Chesterman, A. (2002). The Map: A Beginner’s Guide to Doing

Research in Translation Studies. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing.


61

APPENDICES

Appendix 1: The equivalence types of idiom translations

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/1/39



for me.

TT/1/46




F


tongue.” TT/2/73


tidak membuat lidah

keseleo.”

D

ST/3/66



warm, safe place.

TT/3/80




F

ST/4/78





TT/4/95

"… mereka tidak






F


avoid Odin.

TT/5/11

4



Odin.

D

ST/6/11

2

T.J and company had





TT/6/13

9



jendela besar yang



berputar-putar.

F

ST/7/11

4


and went nuts."

TT/7/14

1


terjadi dan sontak

menggila."

D

ST/8/11

9



was."

TT/8/14

6



istimewa."

D

ST/9/13

1



parties.

TT/9/16

2

Kau, Magnus Chase,


pihak.

F

ST/10/1

49


attention to their

conversation.

TT/10/1

83



mereka.

D

ST/11/1

50


up in some Viking



TT/11/1

84


campur dalam Kiamat


firasat bahwa sudah

terlambat.

D


62

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/12/1

50




Nine Worlds.

TT/12/1

84




Dunia.

D

ST/13/1


TT/13/2

02 Blitz berdeham. D

ST/14/1

77


be keeping watch."

TT/14/2

19

"Temanku semestinya

berjaga di luar." D

ST/15/1

91



money."

TT/15/2

36




untuk meraup uang."

D

ST/16/1

91




TT/16/2

36





melimpah."

D

ST/17/2


TT/17/2

61 Rasa sakit menguasaiku. D

ST/18/2

24



moment's notice."

TT/18/2

77


lepas landas dalam

sekejap."

D

ST/19/2

36


shame."

TT/19/2

93


ada apa-apanya." D

ST/20/2

42


the ocean!"

TT/20/3

00

"Aku harus mencari

nafkah di laut!" D

ST/21/2

71



TT/21/3

35

"Mari kita beri



nyali."

F

ST/22/2

73


her sky-blue eyes.

TT/22/3

37



yang sebiru langit.

D

ST/23/2

86




TT/23/3

54



penting hubungan

semacam itu."

D

ST/24/2

99



tight spot.

TT/24/3

72



berperan dalam

memojokkan Blitzen.

D

ST/25/3

35



TT/25/4

14


merebutnya." D

ST/26/3

79


stuff!”

TT/26/4

69 “Hearthstone, silakan!” D

ST/27/3

92



do …”

TT/27/4

84



untuk …”

F


63

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT ET

ST/28/3


TT/28/4

86 Tapi, Sam tetap tenang. F

ST/29/4

79


more dangerous

assignment, working




missions.”

TT/29/5

97



bekerja langsung di





demikian."

D

ST/30/4


TT/30/5

98


risiko. F


64

Appendix 2: The translation strategies of idiom translations

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/1/39



for me.

TT/1/46




S1


tongue.” TT/2/73


tidak membuat lidah

keseleo.”

S2

ST/3/66



warm, safe place.

TT/3/80




S3

ST/4/78





TT/4/95

"… mereka tidak






S3


avoid Odin.

TT/5/11

4



Odin.

S3

ST/6/11

2

T.J and company had





TT/6/13

9



jendela besar yang



berputar-putar.

S1

ST/7/11

4


and went nuts."

TT/7/14

1


terjadi dan sontak

menggila."

S3

ST/8/11

9



was."

TT/8/14

6



istimewa."

S3

ST/9/13

1



parties.

TT/9/16

2

Kau, Magnus Chase,


pihak.

S1

ST/10/1

49


attention to their

conversation.

TT/10/1

83



mereka.

S3

ST/11/1

50


up in some Viking



TT/11/1

84


campur dalam Kiamat


firasat bahwa sudah

terlambat.

S3

ST/12/1

50




Nine Worlds.

TT/12/1

84




Dunia.

S3


65

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/13/1


TT/13/2

02 Blitz berdeham. S3

ST/14/1

77


be keeping watch."

TT/14/2

19

"Temanku semestinya

berjaga di luar." S3

ST/15/1

91



money."

TT/15/2

36




untuk meraup uang."

S2

ST/16/1

91




TT/16/2

36





melimpah."

S3

ST/17/2


TT/17/2

61 Rasa sakit menguasaiku. S3

ST/18/2

24



moment's notice."

TT/18/2

77


lepas landas dalam

sekejap."

S3

ST/19/2

36


shame."

TT/19/2

93


ada apa-apanya." S3

ST/20/2

42


the ocean!"

TT/20/3

00

"Aku harus mencari

nafkah di laut!" S3

ST/21/2

71



TT/21/3

35

"Mari kita beri



nyali."

S3

ST/22/2

73


her sky-blue eyes.

TT/22/3

37



yang sebiru langit.

S2

ST/23/2

86




TT/23/3

54



penting hubungan

semacam itu."

S3

ST/24/2

99



tight spot.

TT/24/3

72



berperan dalam

memojokkan Blitzen.

S3

ST/25/3

35



TT/25/4

14


merebutnya." S3

ST/26/3

79


stuff!”

TT/26/4

69 “Hearthstone, silakan!” S3

ST/27/3

92



do …”

TT/27/4

84



untuk …”

S3

ST/28/3


TT/28/4

86 Tapi, Sam tetap tenang. S3


66

No.

Data ST

No.

Data TT Strat

ST/29/4

79


more dangerous

assignment, working




missions.”

TT/29/5

97



bekerja langsung di





demikian."

S4

ST/30/4


TT/30/5

98


risiko. S1


the translation of idioms in rick riordan’s magnus …

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