the swine industry. swine (pig) production
TRANSCRIPT
The Swine Industry
Swine (Pig) Production
Swine (Pig) Production
Main Purpose – to produce pork for Human consumption
Swine TermsWhat do you call a mature male hog?
BoarWhat do you call a mature female hog?
SowWhat do you call the act of giving birth?
FarrowingWhat do you call a castrated male hog?
Barrow
Swine (Pig) ProductionTerms for Understanding
Castration – the removal of testicals from the male swine for the purpose of improving feed conversion, disposition and meat quality
Swine (Pig) ProductionTerms for Understanding
Boar– A male pig not castrated that is used for breeding purposes
Barrow- A male pig that IS castrated that is entirely meant for pork production
Livestock Terms
What is a new born hog called?Piglet
What do you call a young female hog?Gilt
What is the gestation for hogs?114 days or 3 months, 3 weeks, & 3 days
The Swine Industry Number of operations has decreased in the past
30 years 1950, over three million producers Today, over 100,000 producer
Number of hogs slaughtered has increased Farms have grown in size; 53 percent of them
now produce 5,000 or more pigs per year. Nearly 21 billion pounds of pork were processed
from about 110 million hogs in 2011. A total of 2.3 million metric tons of pork valued at more than $6.3 billion was exported in 2012.
Labor requirements per pound of pork produced are relatively low The need for manual
labor is reduced with the use of automated confinement facilities
The investment in confinement facilities is higher than it is for simpler systems such as raising hogs on pasture However, few farmers
today use pasture raising systems for swine production
The Swine Industry
Per capita consumption United States ranks second to China in production United States ranks l3th in consumption
Pork in the American diet Concern over fat Education by the National Pork Producers Council
History of the swine industry
Columbus brought swine on his journey to the United States
Hernando de Soto first introduced swine to the United States
Today’s wild hogs are ancestors of pigs that escaped captivity
As settlers moved west, they took pigs with them
Swine products
Food Lard
Cooking Soap
Location of the swine industry Midwest South Iowa and North Carolina rank #1 and #2
respectively in pig numbers
Overview of the Swine Enterprise Corn belt states remain the major swine
producing region of the U.S. About 60% of all swine
Availability of grain Mainly corn
Breeds of swine
Mother (large litter, high milk production) Yorkshire Landrace
Sire (grow rapidly; well-muscled, meaty carcass) Duroc Hampshire Crossbreeds
Swine Breeds American Landrace Berkshire Chester White Duroc Hampshire Hereford Pietrain Poland China Spotted Tamworth Yorkshire
Duroc
Originated from red hogs raised in the Eastern U.S.
Red Ears that droop forward Misc.-Large Frame, Fast gainers,
good mothers, Popular breed Very popular breed in the U.S.
Hampshire
Originated in England Black with a white belt that encircles the
forepart of the body Erect ears Good rustling ability, muscle, and carcass
leanness Popular breed Used in many crossbreeding programs Misc.-The “Meat Breed” Excellent Carcass
Berkshire
Originated in England Medium-sized hog that produces an
acceptable carcass Black with six white points Head is slightly dished Erect ears Misc.-Short Snout, Meat type hog Emphasis on fast and efficient growth,
meatiness, good reproduction
Poland China
Originated in Ohio Black with six white points
Feet, face, tip of the tail Forward-drooping ears One of the larger breeds of hogs Carcasses have low backfat and large loin
eyes, Long body thick hams Used in many crossbreeding programs
Spotted Developed in Indiana Black and white Forward-drooping ears Similar body type to Poland China Breeders strive to produce a large-framed
hog with efficient gains and good muscling Color-no less than 20% or more than 80%
White Misc.-Good mothers, fast gainers
Chester White Originated in Chester County, Pennsylvania White Ears droop forward Mothering ability Color-White with blue freckles Misc.-good mothers, large frame
Yorkshire
Originated in England in the county of Yorkshire
White Erect ears Slightly dished face The mother breed. Large
litter, high feed efficiency, rapid growth, good mothering ability, long carcasses
American Landrace
Originated in Denmark White Long bodied Ears lop forward and down Mothering ability Large litters Extremely Long Bodies
Tamworth
Originated in Ireland Considered to be the oldest of the purebred
breeds Red, with shades varying from light to dark Ears are erect Has a long head and snout Good mothers and large litters Good foragers
Hereford
Developed in Missouri, Iowa, and Nebraska Red with a white face Ears are forward drooping Prolific, good mothers, and have good
rustling ability
Pietrain
Originated near the village of Pietrain, Belgium
White with black spots
Medium sized with erect ears, short legs, and muscular hams
Exceptionally high lean to fat ratio Makes it desirable in
genetic improvement programs
Production
Swine habits Wallow in mud to keep cool and fight off parasites Only use one area of their pen to drop waste Will not overeat
Production, Cont.
Swine and humans Similar digestive, circulatory, and other systems Swine tissues used to replace human heart skin Swine heart valves used to replace human heart
valves
Phases of industry
Farrowing Growing Finishing Confinement operations Feed conversion ratio Diet
High-protein diet to promote growth and muscle development
High-carbohydrate diet later to develop fat Need ten types of amino acids
Environmental concerns
Odor and manure disposal Lagoons
Regulated to prevent pollution of water Bacteria helps break down waste into slurry Waste used as fertilizer
Swine Reproduction
Ear Notching
Universal Swine Identification system
Tags will come off in the feed pen
Swine ReproductionEar Notching
Swine ReproductionEar Notching
Swine ReproductionEar Notching
Quiz
Swine ReproductionEar Notching
The right (litter) ear is equal to 9+3+3+1=16
The left (pig) ear is equal to 3
This is the 16-3 pig.