the spanish frontier, 1521 1821--ii
TRANSCRIPT
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The Christianization of the Natives
(Izquierda) Indigenas Californios se dirigen a la misión para ser convertidos. Ilustración del padre Ignacio Tirsch (Lám.XXX) siglo XVIII. Derecha foto de Californio.
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Indian Rancheria, • (in Spanish America and the western U.S.) a small Indian settlement
Unknown Ar)st
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Missionaries’ Treatment of the Natives
• The missionaries’ unrelenting and heavy handed efforts to undermine traditional religious beliefs alienated some natives and caused insurrections by the natives.
• According to a British observer “If…any of the captured Indians show a repugnance to conversion, it is the practice to imprison them for a few days…and thus renounce the religion of their forefathers”
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• Presidios also had the function of ensuring that native laborers were kept in check and pacify them in in case of a rebellion.
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Nicolas Tamaral died the 3rd of October 1734 at San Jose del Cabo.
Lithograph by Jesuit Miguel Venegas
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Padre Ignacio Tirsch
• Jesuit priest who worked as a missionary in the Peninsula of California, from 1762-1768.
• Some of the earliest European paintings about life in the peninsula are from padre Ignacio Tirsch.
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Padre Ignacio Tirsch, siglo XVIII
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Padre Ignacio Tirsch, siglo XVIII
The Manila Galleon and the Santiago Mission, Baja California.
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1708-1722 George Shelvocke
• English and French were becoming more a problem in the Pacific in search of the Northwest Passage
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Capt. George Shelvocke 1675-1742
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1708-1722, George Shelvocke
Life in Baja California
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1708-1722 George Shelvocke
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Junipero Serra (1713-1784)
Founder and First Padre President of the Franciscan Missions of California
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• Between 1785-1803 the number of converts came to be over 50,000
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• Alta California was settled because the enormous numbers of potential converts estimates projected were 300,000 mostly in the costal region.
Ludwig, Louis Choris 1795-1828
1822
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1802
Russian explorations and settlements in Alaska were seen as a threat.
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Russian Ship Sets Anchor in the Bering Sea
Ludwig, Louis Choris 1795-1828
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• Juan Bautista de Anza (1735-1788), entrusted to blaze the trail between Alta California and Arizona. Why was this trail of importance?
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