the solar system & universe

7/29/2019 The Solar System & Universe

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The Solar System & Universe


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The Sun

93,000,000 miles from the earth

(8 light minutes)

864,000 miles in diameter

(109 times the diameter of the earth)

Mass is 333,000 times that of the earth

Output: 500 sextillion horsepower/sec


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The Earth

7,900 miles diameter (measured pole to pole)

7,927 miles diameter (measured through the

equator)

Rotates toward the east

Rotational axis inclined to the ecliptic 66.5

(90 - 23.5 = 66.5)


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The Moon

About 240,000 miles from the earth

1/82 the mass of the earth

Revolves to the east (as all the planets do)

Orbit inclined 5 to the ecliptic

29 days from new moon to new moon(one moonth)

Rotates once a month


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Venus and the moon - Day 1


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Venus and the moon - Day 2


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The Planets

Mercury (orbit inclined 7 to ecliptic)

Venus 3.4

Mars 1.8 Jupiter 1.3

Saturn 2.5

Uranus 0.7

Neptune 1.8

Pluto 17


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Mars

- Hubble


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The Three Planes

Horizon

Celestial equator

Ecliptic


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The Horizon

The horizon can be thought of as a plane that is

tangent to the earth at the point of the observer. It is

attached to the earth at that point and rotates withthe earth. The observer can see that portion of the

universe that is above the horizon plane. This is

essentially 50% of the universe.

This is what we see when we look into the sky.

However, because the earth is rotating the position

of the celestial objects are continually changing in

relation to the horizon.


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The Celestial Equator

We would not want to locate celestial objects based

on the horizon because this location is continually

changing and varies with different points on the

earth.

One plane remains constant, the celestial

equator. As seen from the earth, it always crosses

the horizon at the east point and at the west point.

It arches across the sky over the south point. Its

height above the south point varies with latitude.

Height in degrees = 90 - Latitude


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Since the celestial equator always stays in the

same place, it is a good base from which to

measure the location of celestial objects. On

earth we measure the locations of places by

latitude or number of degrees north or south of

the earths equator.

In a similar manner celestial objects can bemeasured by their distance north (+) or south (-)

of the celestial equator. Instead of latitude this

measure is given the name declination.

The east/west measurement on the celestialequator is called right ascension. It is

measured eastward from the point the sun

crosses the celestial equator in the spring. This

is like longitude on the earths system.


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The Ecliptic

The plane of the earths orbit around the

sun

Inclined to the celestial equator 23.5

This means the sun is above the celestial

equator 50% of the time and below it

the other 50%


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The ecliptic plane


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The moon, Venus and Jupiter Note location of the ecliptic


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The constellation Orion


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The Twelve Constellations

of The ZodiacWhat is a constellation?

The ecliptic passes through these twelveconstellations

At any time of year the sun will appear tobe in one of these constellations as

viewed from earthSix months later that same constellation

will be seen in the night sky


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The Milky Way Galaxy

100,000 light years across

Solar system is about half way between

the center and outer edgeA pinwheel shape, contains billions of

stars

Closest star to earth Alpha (or Proxima)Centauri (4.2 light years)

Nebulae, star clusters, constellations,comets


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A Light Year

186,000 miles per second (the speed of light)

times 60 (seconds in a minute)

times 60 (minutes in an hour)

times 24 (hours in a day)

times 365 (days in a year)

Equals One Light Year (The distance light can travel in

one year.)


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The 100 inch Telescope on Mt. Wilson


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The 200 inch

Telescope


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The 48 inch Telescope

A wide angle view


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The Hubble Telescope


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The Pleiades

An open

cluster of stars

taken with the

48 inch

telescope


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M80 A Globular Cluster in Hercules200 Telescope


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Globular Cluster M80 - Hubble


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Trifid Nebula 200 inch


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The Horse Head Nebula


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The Great Nebula in Orion Small Telescope


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The Great Nebula in Orion200 Telescope

The Great Nebula in Orion - Hubble Telescope


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The Great Nebula in Orion - Hubble Telescope


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The

Crab

Nebula

200

A star

that

exploded

in 1054AD


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Eye Nebula

- Hubble


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Littl Gh t


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Little Ghost

Nebula - Hubble


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Our Closest Galactic Neighbor

Andromeda galaxy (M31)Two million light years away

Can be seen with the naked eye in late

summer and fall


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Andromeda Galaxy 48 inch


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The Galaxies

Estimated to exist 100+ billion!!!Age estimate for universe 14 billion years

Most distant galaxies 13+ billion l.y.

A great variety of shapes and sizes


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G 200


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Galaxy in Ursa Major - 200 inch


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Galaxy in Pisces 200 inch


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Galaxy in Pegasus (48 telescope)


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Barred Galaxy 200 inch


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Hubble


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Sombrero Galaxy 200 inch


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Sombrero Galaxy Hubble


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Galaxies estimated to be 2 billion light years distant 200 inch

13 Billion LY distant - Hubble


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Hubble Ultra Deep Field


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End


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