the solar system cardiff astronomical society. sun statistics mass (kg) 332,830 equatorial radius...
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The solar system
Cardiff Astronomical Society
Sun Statistics
Mass (kg) 332,830
Equatorial radius (km) 695,000
Equatorial radius (Earth = 1) 108.97
Mean density (gm/cm^3) 1.41
Rotational period (days) 25-36*
Escape velocity (km/sec) 618.02
Luminosity (ergs/sec) 3.83E+33
Magnitude (Vo) -26.8
Mean surface temperature 6,000°C
Age (billion years) 4.5
Principal chemistry
Hydrogen 92.10%
Helium 7.80%
Oxygen 0.06%
Carbon 0.03%
Nitrogen 0.01%
Neon 0.01%
Iron 0.00%
Silicon 0.00%
Magnesium 0.00%
Sulphur 0.00%
All others 0.00%
Mercury StatisticsMass (kg) 3.30E+23
Mass (Earth = 1) 5.53E-02
Equatorial radius (km) 2,439.70
Equatorial radius (Earth = 1) 3.83E-01
Mean density (gm/cm^3) 5.42
Mean distance from the Sun (km) 57,910,000
Mean distance from the Sun (Earth = 1) 0.3871
Rotational period (days) 58.6462
Orbital period (days) 87.969
Mean orbital velocity (km/sec) 47.88
Orbital eccentricity 0.2056
Tilt of axis (degrees) 0
Orbital inclination (degrees) 7.004
Equatorial surface gravity (m/sec^2) 2.78
Equatorial escape velocity (km/sec) 4.25
Visual geometric albedo 0.1
Magnitude (Vo) -1.9
Mean surface temperature179°C
Maximum surface temperature 427°C
Minimum surface temperature -173°C
Atmospheric composition
Helium 42%
Sodium 42%
Oxygen 15%
Other 1%
Venus StatisticsMass (kg) 4.87E+24
Mass (Earth = 1) 0.81476
Equatorial radius (km) 6,051.80
Equatorial radius (Earth = 1) 0.94886
Mean density (gm/cm^3) 5.25
Mean distance from the Sun (km) 108,200,000
Mean distance from the Sun (Earth = 1) 0.7233
Rotational period (days) -243.0187
Orbital period (days) 224.701
Mean orbital velocity (km/sec) 35.02
Orbital eccentricity 0.0068
Tilt of axis (degrees) 177.36
Orbital inclination (degrees) 3.394
Equatorial surface gravity (m/sec^2) 8.87
Equatorial escape velocity (km/sec) 10.36
Visual geometric albedo 0.65
Magnitude (Vo) -4.4
Mean surface temperature 482°C
Atmospheric pressure (bars) 92
Atmospheric composition
Carbon dioxide 96%
Nitrogen
Trace amounts of: Sulphur dioxide, water vapour, carbon monoxide, argon, helium, neon, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride.
Earth StatisticsMass (kg) 5.98E+24
Mass (Earth = 1) 1.00E+00
Equatorial radius (km) 6,378.14
Equatorial radius (Earth = 1) 1.00E+00
Mean density (gm/cm^3) 5.515
Mean distance from the Sun (km) 149,600,000
Mean distance from the Sun (Earth = 1) 1
Rotational period (days) 0.99727
Rotational period (hours) 23.9345
Orbital period (days) 365.256
Mean orbital velocity (km/sec) 29.79
Orbital eccentricity 0.0167
Tilt of axis (degrees) 23.45
Orbital inclination (degrees) 0
Equatorial escape velocity (km/sec) 11.18
Equatorial surface gravity (m/sec^2) 9.78
Visual geometric albedo 0.37
Mean surface temperature 15°C
Atmospheric pressure (bars) 1.013
Atmospheric composition
Nitrogen 77%
Oxygen 21%
Other 2%
Mars Statistics
Mass (kg) 6.42E+23
Mass (Earth = 1) 1.07E-01
Equatorial radius (km) 3,397.20
Equatorial radius (Earth = 1) 5.33E-01
Mean density (gm/cm^3) 3.94
Mean distance from the Sun (km) 227,940,000
Mean distance from the Sun (Earth = 1) 1.5237
Rotational period (hours) 24.6229
Rotational period (days) 1.025957
Orbital period (days) 686.98
Mean orbital velocity (km/sec) 24.13
Orbital inclination (degrees) 1.85
Equatorial surface gravity (m/sec^2) 3.72
Equatorial escape velocity (km/sec) 5.02
Magnitude (Vo) -2.01
Minimum surface temperature -140°C
Mean surface temperature -63°C
Maximum surface temperature 20°C
Atmospheric pressure (bars) 0.007
Atmospheric composition
Carbon Dioxide (C02) 95.32%
Nitrogen (N2) 2.70%
Argon (Ar) 1.60%
Oxygen (O2) 0.13%
Carbon Monoxide (CO) 0.07%
Water (H2O) 0.03%
Neon (Ne) 0.00%
Krypton (Kr) 0.00%
Xenon (Xe) 0.00%
Ozone (O3) 0.00%
Jupiter Statistics
Mass (kg) 1.90E+27
Mass (Earth = 1) 3.18E+02
Equatorial radius (km) 71,492
Equatorial radius (Earth = 1) 1.12E+01
Mean density (gm/cm^3) 1.33
Mean distance from the Sun (km) 778,330,000
Mean distance from the Sun (Earth = 1) 5.2028
Equatorial escape velocity (km/sec) 59.56
Magnitude (Vo) -2.7
Mean cloud temperature -121°C
Atmospheric pressure (bars) 0.7
Atmospheric composition
Hydrogen 90%
Helium 10%
Mean orbital velocity (km/sec) 13.07
Rotational period (days) 0.41354
Orbital period (days) 4332.71
Orbital inclination (degrees) 1.308
Equatorial surface gravity (m/sec^2) 22.88
Saturn Statistics
Mass (kg) 5.69E+26
Mass (Earth = 1) 9.52E+01
Equatorial radius (km) 60,268
Equatorial radius (Earth = 1) 9.45E+00
Mean density (gm/cm^3) 0.69
Mean distance from the Sun (km) 1,429,400,000
Mean distance from the Sun (Earth = 1) 9.5388
Orbital eccentricity 0.056
Tilt of axis (degrees) 25.33
Orbital inclination (degrees) 2.488
Equatorial surface gravity (m/sec^2) 9.05
Equatorial escape velocity (km/sec) 35.49
Visual geometric albedo 0.47
Magnitude (Vo) 0.67
Atmospheric composition
Hydrogen 97%
Helium 3%
Mean cloud temperature -125°C
Atmospheric pressure (bars)1.4
Rotational period (hours) 10.233
Orbital period (years) 29.458
Mean orbital velocity (km/sec) 9.67
Uranus Statistics
Discovered by William Herschel
Date of discovery 1781
Mass (kg) 8.69E+25
Mass (Earth = 1) 1.45E+01
Equatorial radius (km) 25,559
Equatorial radius (Earth = 1) 4.0074
Mean density (gm/cm^3) 1.29
Mean distance from the Sun (km) 2,870,990,000
Mean distance from the Sun (Earth = 1) 19.1914
Rotational period (hours) -17.9
Orbital period (years) 84.01
Mean orbital velocity (km/sec) 6.81
Orbital eccentricity 0.0461
Tilt of axis (degrees) 97.86
Orbital inclination (degrees) 0.774
Equatorial surface gravity (m/sec^2) 7.77
Equatorial escape velocity (km/sec) 21.3
Visual geometric albedo 0.51
Magnitude (Vo) 5.52
Mean cloud temperature -193°C
Atmospheric pressure (bars) 1.2
Atmospheric composition
Hydrogen 83%
Helium 15%
Methane 2%
Neptune Statistics
Discovered by Johann Gotfried Galle
Date of discovery September 23, 1846
Mass (kg) 1.02E+26
Mass (Earth = 1) 1.71E+01
Equatorial radius (km) 24,746
Equatorial radius (Earth = 1) 3.88E+00
Mean density (gm/cm^3) 1.64
Mean distance from the Sun (km) 4,504,300,000
Mean distance from the Sun (Earth = 1) 30.0611
Rotational period (hours) 16.11
Orbital period (years) 164.79
Mean orbital velocity (km/sec) 5.45
Orbital eccentricity 0.0097
Tilt of axis (degrees) 29.56
Orbital inclination (degrees) 1.774
Equatorial surface gravity (m/sec^2) 11
Equatorial escape velocity (km/sec) 23.5
Visual geometric albedo 0.41
Magnitude (Vo) 7.84
Mean cloud temperature -193 to -153°C
Atmospheric pressure (bars) 1-3
Atmospheric composition
Hydrogen 85%
Helium 13%
Methane 2%
Pluto Statistics
Discovered by Clyde W. Tombaugh
Date of discovery February 18, 1930
Mass (kg) 1.27e+22
Mass (Earth = 1) 2.125e-03
Equatorial radius (km) 1,137
Equatorial radius (Earth = 1) 0.1783
Mean density (gm/cm^3) 2.05
Equatorial surface gravity (m/sec^2) 0.4
Equatorial escape velocity (km/sec) 1.22
Visual geometric albedo 0.3
Magnitude (Vo) 15.12
Mean distance from the Sun (km) 5,913,520,000
Mean distance from the Sun (Earth = 1)) 39.5294
Rotational period (days) -6.3872
Orbital period (years) 248.54
Mean orbital velocity (km/sec) 4.74
Orbital eccentricity 0.2482
Tilt of axis (degrees) 122.52
Orbital inclination (degrees) 17.148
Atmospheric composition
0.3
Methane
Nitrogen
Asteroids are material left over from the formation of the solar system. One theory suggests that they are the remains of a planet that was destroyed in a massive collision long ago. More likely, asteroids are material that never coalesced into a planet. In fact, if the estimated total mass of all asteroids was gathered into a single object, the object would be less than 1,500 kilometers (932 miles) across -- less than half the diameter of our Moon.
The Comets
Comet Hale-Bopp Comet Neat 17P/Holmes
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