The Skeleton SystemStarter

Name as many bones in the body as you can (work as

pairs)

THINK / PAIR / SHARE

Hint: Think of any you may have broken! : P

Pair with the most answers wins!

Extension: Which life process (MRS FREG) does

the Skeleton System link to?

ObjectivesKnow the role of the skeleton in the bodyKnow that bones contain minerals

OUTCOMES

In my group I can create a labelled skeletonI can identify common parts in skeletons (Level 3)I can state what minerals are found in bones (Level 4)I can identify and describe the main types of joints in the skeleton (Level 5)I can explain the job of the skeletal system (Level 6)

STS - I can work effectively within a group

The Skeletal SystemThe Skeletal System has three functions, do you know what they are?

PROTECTION

SUPPORT

MOVEMENT

The skeleton protects important INTERNAL ORGANS. The skull protects the brain and the pelvis protects the reproductive organs.

This is the main function of the skeleton - to SUPPORT OUR BODIES. Without a skeleton, what do you think we would look like?

The skeleton helps our bodies to move by a system of JOINTS and by providing a base for MUSCLES TO ATTACH TO.

Exercise 1: The Skeleton

Tibia

Fibula

FemurPelvisRadius

Ulna

Humerus

ClavicleCranium

Mandible

Sternum

RibsVertebrae

In tables create your own skeleton to go on display (Place it in any pose you want, be as

crazy as you like : P)

Success Criteria

1.Assemble your skeleton correctly (Level 3)

2.Label it using the bones you mentioned in our starter (Level 4)

Exercise 2: Protection1. Complete the table below, stating which part of the

skeleton protects which internal organ:

2. What are the two other functions of the skeleton (apart from protection)?

Internal organ Protected byHeartBrainLungs

Spinal cordReproductive

organs

Rib cage

SkullRibcage

Spine

Pelvis

Support and movement

X ray QuizWrite numbers 1-15 at the back

of your exercise book and state what the following x rays are of.

Explain in as much detail.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Starter - Case Study

What is wrong with this patient?

What could possibly have caused his injury?

JointsWhere two bones meet is called a JOINT. There are several different types of joint. The difference between the different types being the AMOUNT OF MOVEMENT and the TYPE OF MOVEMENT they allow the bones in the joint to make.

Do you know the names for the types of joint?

Hinge

Ball and socket

Fixed

Pivot

Sliding

Do you know what types of movement these joints allow? Try moving different joints in your body. See what types of movement are allowed by the

different joints.

Exercise 3: Joints1. Link the type of joint with the movement it allows and an

example of that type of joint.

Ball and socket

Hinge

Fixed

None

360°

180°

Skull

Elbow

Hip

Exercise 4: The Skeleton1. What are the three functions of the skeleton?

2. Name two organs that the rib cage protects.

3. What do we call it where two bones meet?

4. What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

5. What type of movement does a hinge allow?

Support, protection, movement.

Heart and lungs.

A joint.

A ball and socket joint.

180°.

Joints 1

Bone

Bone

Cartilage

Synovial fluid

Synovial capsule

The cartilage stops the bones rubbing together.

The synovial fluid acts as a

lubricant to reduce friction.

The synovial capsule keeps in the synovial fluid.

Joints 2Bone

Muscle

LigamentsTendons attach muscle to bone.

TendonLigaments attach

bone to bone and hold the joint in place.

Exercise 5: Link the Word with the Description

Protects the heart and lungs

Stops bones rubbing together

Attaches muscle to bone

Attaches bone to bone

Acts as a lubricant in joints

Cartilage

Rib cage

Synovial fluid

Ligament

Tendon

Exercise 6: Label the Joint Below

Bone

Cartilage

Synovial fluid

Synovial capsule

A. ______

B. ___________

C. _______

D. ______________

Exercise 7: Friction1. What stops the bones rubbing against each other in a joint?

2. What is the function of synovial fluid?

3. What stops the synovial fluid leaking away?

4. What would happen if the cartilage was worn away?

Cartilage.

Acts as a lubricant.

The synovial capsule.

The bones would rub together (very painful).

Exercise 8: Label the Joint Below

Tendon

Ligaments

Muscle

Bone

A. ______

B. ___________

C. ________

D. ______

Exercise 9: Holding Joints in Place

1. What attaches muscle to bone?

2. What attaches bone to bone?

3. What is the function of the ligaments?

4. What could happen if a ligament was damaged?

5. What could happen if a tendon was damaged?

A tendon.

A ligament.

To hold a joint in place.

The bones would not be held in place, unrestricted movement of the joint could damage ligaments and tendons.

It would restrict movement and could damage attached muscle.

Exercise 10: Research Homework

1. How many bones are there in the human body?

2. What are the smallest bones in the human body?

3. Which is the largest bone in the human body?

4. Which mineral is required for good bone growth?

206.

The ossicles (in the ear).

The femur (thigh bone).

Calcium.

MusclesWithout muscles your skeleton would be unable to move. The problem is that your muscles are only able to CONTRACT.

This means that muscles must work in PAIRS if they want to move bones BACK and FORTH.

As one muscle in the pair CONTRACTS the other muscle in the pair RELAXES.

To raise the arm the biceps contract and the triceps relax.

To lower the arm the biceps relax and the triceps

contract.

Exercise 11: MusclesMuscles are attached to bones by ________. When a muscle ________ this causes the bone to move. Muscles can only contract so muscles often work in ______.

To move you lower arm you have two muscles on your upper arm. The biceps and the ______. When muscles work in pairs like this we call them __________ muscles.

When the biceps contract this moves your lower arm up; when the triceps contract this moves your lower arm down.

pairs antagonistic contracts triceps tendons

tendonscontracts

pairs

triceps

antagonistic