Ademar Santos JuniorID: 609612

Final Exam

CHAPTER 6

Q 6 What are the fundamental that should be asked when analyzing a process using a process map?

A.

Ademar Santos JuniorID: 609612

CHAPTER 6

Q 12 Why is brainstorming an important tool in the Improvement phase of DMAIC

A.

Ademar Santos JuniorID: 609612

CHAPTER 6

P 6 Lets plan a graduation party for our seniors, suggested Jim Teacher, president of Delta Mu Zeta fraternity at State U. Everyone on the fraternity council thought that it was a good idea, so they agreed to brainstorm ideas for the party. They quickly produced the following list (not in any order).

Pick datePlan MenuGet food deliveredEstimate costsDetermine BudgetSelect musicHire a DjPlan DecorationsSetup decorate hallMail InvitationsDesign and print InvitationsSet up mailing listPlan ceremony forRehearse ceremonyHave the partyseniorsDetermine how muchDress rehearsal (day beforePlan after partycan be paid from party) dummy activitycleanup and billtreasury and what thepayingcost of the specialClean Up and Pay billsassessment will be foreach member

Next they selected Joe as the project manager because he had fraternity party planning experience and was taking a quality management course where he was studying the Seven Management and Planning tools (refer to Chapter 3).

a) Put yourself in Joes position. Develop an interrelationship digraph for the party planners. Draw arrows from one activity to the next one that must occur. Note that the activities that have most arrows going into them will tend to be the long-range results. Activities having the most arrows originating from them will tend to be the initial activities.

Ademar Santos JuniorID: 609612

CHAPTER 6

b) What can you conclude from the digraph? How would this digraph help make the job of organizing the party easier for the project team?

Ademar Santos JuniorID: 609612

CHAPTER 7

Q 3 Define statistical process control and discuss its advantages.

Ademar Santos JuniorID: 609612

CHAPTER 7

DQ 2 How might control charts be used in your daily life? For example, think of applications to monitor your school or sports performance.

Ademar Santos JuniorID: 609612

CHAPTER 8

Q 1 What is Design for Six Sigma? Explain the four basic elements of DFSS and the various tools and methodologies that comprise this body of knowledge.

Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) is an approach for designing and re-designing services and products for the commercial market. The goal for DFSS in these situations is to bring new services and products with an optimized sigma level for every customer requirement. A company can then offer reliability and reduces the defect level before something is even on the market. DFSS is best accomplished is using IDOV, a methodology used for designing services and products to meet Six Sigma standards. IDOV is an acronym for Identify, Design, Optimize, and Verify. These are the four phases of the process, which parallel the four phases of the traditional Six Sigma methodology known as DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control).IDOV begin with the Identify. During this initial phase, team members begin making the connection between the design and the Voice of the Customer.The second phase is the Design, where is a huge emphasis on critical metrics during this time and this phase consists of deploying these. During the design phase, team members should also be developing alternative concepts and evaluating those, as well as identifying functional requirements. Based on these requirements, a best-fit concept should be chosen.Optimize is the third phase and requires the use of process capability information and a statistical approach to tolerance. As the name of this phase suggests, its all about making this the best design for your service or product. Detailed design elements are added, the performance of the service or product is predicted, and the design is optimized.The fourth phase is called the validate phase, and it involves the testing and eventual validation of the design. Formal tools should be employed at this point for increased testing. The team wants to be sure the design meets the standards of Six Sigma before forging ahead with production. Feedback should be solicited and shared with the manufacturing departments and the sourcing for the service or product.

Ademar Santos JuniorID: 609612

CHAPTER 8

Q 10 Explain the product life characteristics curve and how it can be used.

The product life characteristics curve is actually the failure rate curve, which is a plot of the cumulative failure over time. The slope of the curve at any point (i.e., the slope of the straight line tangent to the curve) gives the instantaneous failure rate (failures per unit time) at any point in time. These curves can be used to understand patterns of failure rates over time. Knowing the product life characteristics curve for a particular product helps engineers predict behavior and make decisions accordingly.

Ademar Santos JuniorID: 609612

CHAPTER 8

P 1 A hospital developed a design process consisting of the following steps: Plan, Design, Measure, Assess, and Improve. Below is a list of specific activities that comprise these five steps in random order. Place the activities in the most appropriate order within the correct step of the design process.

Pilot or test designCreate design to meet requirements

Submit ProposalIdentify new improvement opportunities

Define measures to assess design performanceMonitor the new process design

Implement designImplement the best solution to improve control

Identify potential solutions to reduce out of control conditionsVerify proposal alignment with strategic objectives

Develop business planEstablish design team

Disseminate improvements throughout the organizationIdentify causes of out of control conditions

Monitor process performanceAnalyze causes

Select the best solution to improve controlIdentify and validate customer requirements

Identify out-of-control conditionsIdentify and evaluate best requirements

Propose new concept

Ademar Santos JuniorID: 609612

CHAPTER 8

P 17 An electronic missile guidance system consists of the following components:

Components A, B C, and D have reliabilities of 0.96, 0.98, 0.90, and 0.99 respectively. What is the reliability of the entire system?

RA= 0.96RB= 0.98RC= 0.90RD= 0.99

First we must compute the reliability of the parallel subsystem C:

RCC = 1 (1 0.90) = 0.99

Using the calculation above for the two Cs combined we can now compute the reliability of the entire system using the equivalent parallel system

RS = RA x RB x RCC x RD = (0.96) (0.98) (0.99) (0.99) = 0.922

RS= 0.922

Ademar Santos JuniorID: 609612

CHAPTER 9

Q 5 According to Juran, what are the five key behaviors that a company must foster in order to develop a positive quality culture?

Culture is defined as the pattern of human habits, beliefs and behavior in an organization. Quality culture is the pattern of habits, beliefs and behavior concerning quality. Treating quality as a cultural phenomenon means that quality is approached as a set of values, as a general orientation, and an organizational ideology rather than as a set of tools or techniques. To develop a positive quality culture, a company must foster five key behaviors:

It must create and maintain an awareness of quality. It must provide evidence of management leadership on quality. The company must encourage self-development and empowerment. The company must provide opportunities for employee participation to inspire action. The company must provide recognition and rewards.