The shift from Authoritarianism to Individualism in the American

colonies.

The shift from Authoritarianism to Individualism in the American

colonies.

Remember The Organizing Principal:

Between 1607 and 1763, the American colonies developed

experience in self-government in the political, religious, economic, and

social aspects of life.

Puritan-controlled Mass. Bay ColonyPuritan-controlled Mass. Bay Colony

18,000 Puritans by 1642 Led by John Winthrop who promoted a “holy society”

Most settlers came as free men and women Artisans and farmers from England Economy based on timbering, agriculture, &

fishing. Traded fur with Natives Printing Press & founded Harvard College Over time, Puritans found it difficult to keep families

in tight communities. The endless land was tempting

18,000 Puritans by 1642 Led by John Winthrop who promoted a “holy society”

Most settlers came as free men and women Artisans and farmers from England Economy based on timbering, agriculture, &

fishing. Traded fur with Natives Printing Press & founded Harvard College Over time, Puritans found it difficult to keep families

in tight communities. The endless land was tempting

“We shall be as a city on a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us.” – J. Winthrop

“We shall be as a city on a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us.” – J. Winthrop

Roger Williams: A Puritan “Rebel”Roger Williams: A Puritan “Rebel”

Young, popular minister in Salem

Condemned MA Bay Charter & King’s right to grant Indian land

Denied authority of civil govt. to regulate religious behavior

1635 found guilty of preaching new & dangerous opinions and was exiled. Was to be sent to England, but John Winthrop warned him. He fled south w/ followers and created “Providence”

Young, popular minister in Salem

Condemned MA Bay Charter & King’s right to grant Indian land

Denied authority of civil govt. to regulate religious behavior

1635 found guilty of preaching new & dangerous opinions and was exiled. Was to be sent to England, but John Winthrop warned him. He fled south w/ followers and created “Providence”

Anne Hutchinson

Anne Hutchinson

1634 – Arrived from England w/ husband and 7 children

Preached prayer to God without clergy & Antinomianism – God’s gift of grace

1637 – Put on trial for “sedition” and was banished and excommunicated

She moved to Providence with Roger Williams and started the Rhode Island Colony.

1634 – Arrived from England w/ husband and 7 children

Preached prayer to God without clergy & Antinomianism – God’s gift of grace

1637 – Put on trial for “sedition” and was banished and excommunicated

She moved to Providence with Roger Williams and started the Rhode Island Colony.

1636 Roger Williams fled to Providence, Rhode Island expands from there

Remarkable political freedom

Universal manhood suffrage later restricted by a property qualification.

RI becomes known as the “Sewer” - seen by Puritans as a dumping ground for unbelievers and religious dissenters More liberal than any other colony

Rhode IslandRhode Island

Puritans vs. IndiansPuritans vs. Indians 1621 Plymouth befriended by Wampanoag

Indians - Squanto & Massasoit 1637 Pequot War English vs. Pequot tribe -

Connecticut River 1675 Metacom a.k.a. King Philip War -

alliance among diff. tribes. Metacom captured - head displayed. He did slow the western march of settlers but natives no longer posed a threat

1621 Plymouth befriended by Wampanoag Indians - Squanto & Massasoit

1637 Pequot War English vs. Pequot tribe - Connecticut River

1675 Metacom a.k.a. King Philip War - alliance among diff. tribes. Metacom captured - head displayed. He did slow the western march of settlers but natives no longer posed a threat

Southern New EnglandIndian Tribes, 1636

Southern New EnglandIndian Tribes, 1636

Confederation of New EnglandConfederation of New England

Established in 1634 (England in Civil War)Purpose: band against natives, French, & Dutch Puritan club

Mass. Bay & PlymouthConnecticut New Haven & valley settlements

No Rhode Island or Maine settlements

Established in 1634 (England in Civil War)Purpose: band against natives, French, & Dutch Puritan club

Mass. Bay & PlymouthConnecticut New Haven & valley settlements

No Rhode Island or Maine settlements

Middle ColoniesMiddle ColoniesMiddle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

1660s by friends of British King Charles II.

Land speculators. Middle class farmers & craftsmen.

1660s by friends of British King Charles II.

Land speculators. Middle class farmers & craftsmen.

Interesting Facts about Middle ColoniesInteresting Facts about Middle Colonies

-Called Breadbasket of Colonial America. The farmers raised a surplus so they could sell.

-Germans invented Pennsylvania rifle & Conestoga wagon.

-Philadelphia means brotherly love.

-Called Breadbasket of Colonial America. The farmers raised a surplus so they could sell.

-Germans invented Pennsylvania rifle & Conestoga wagon.

-Philadelphia means brotherly love.

Middle Colonies: More Middle Colonies: More Like “Later America” Like “Later America” Than Other RegionsThan Other Regions

Middle Colonies: More Middle Colonies: More Like “Later America” Like “Later America” Than Other RegionsThan Other RegionsEconomic diversity.

Large cities à more cosmopolitan culture.

Some slavery [6%-12% of the population].

Ethnic and religious diversity.

Religious toleration.

“Bread Colonies.”

New Netherland - New YorkNew Netherland - New York

Dutch East India company in East

Asia Henry Hudson Dutch West India

company in New Netherland New Amsterdam was

company town Don’t care for religious,

political tolerance Strongly aristocratic

Dutch East India company in East

Asia Henry Hudson Dutch West India

company in New Netherland New Amsterdam was

company town Don’t care for religious,

political tolerance Strongly aristocratic

New NetherlandsNew Netherlands

Hostile natives New Sweden on Delaware

River trespassed on New Netherland land

1655 Dutch wiped out New Sweden led by Peter Stuyvesant. In 1664, Stuyvesant surrender to Duke of York

New Amsterdam becomes New York

Hostile natives New Sweden on Delaware

River trespassed on New Netherland land

1655 Dutch wiped out New Sweden led by Peter Stuyvesant. In 1664, Stuyvesant surrender to Duke of York

New Amsterdam becomes New York

The QuakersThe Quakers Quakers (Religious Society of Friends) -

dissent against religious and civil authority Utopian dream – fled England and Charles II. Doctrine of the Inward Light- grace through a

spark in the soul. All people should be elevated to clergy.

Said “thee” and “thou”, encouraged women to preach. Faced great resistance in the New World (prison, mutilation, deportation)

Quakers (Religious Society of Friends) - dissent against religious and civil authority

Utopian dream – fled England and Charles II. Doctrine of the Inward Light- grace through a

spark in the soul. All people should be elevated to clergy.

Said “thee” and “thou”, encouraged women to preach. Faced great resistance in the New World (prison, mutilation, deportation)

William PennWilliam Penn Son of Sir William Penn (admiral who

captured Jamaica in 1654) Converted to Quakerism in 1666.

Struggled to create a Quaker colony in West Jersey, wrote a constitution granting freedom to all males.

In 1681, Charles II granted Penn immense territory west of Delaware River, paying off debt to his father.

Quakers fled to “Pennsylvania”. Penn sold land at reasonable rates. Purchased Indian land from chiefs & sought peace.

Son of Sir William Penn (admiral who captured Jamaica in 1654)

Converted to Quakerism in 1666. Struggled to create a Quaker colony in West Jersey, wrote a constitution granting freedom to all males.

In 1681, Charles II granted Penn immense territory west of Delaware River, paying off debt to his father.

Quakers fled to “Pennsylvania”. Penn sold land at reasonable rates. Purchased Indian land from chiefs & sought peace.

The “Holy The “Holy Experiment”Experiment”

The Quaker ProgressThe Quaker Progress “Utopian” compact villages did not materialize as

Penn envisioned, but Pennsylvanians stayed peaceful and boomed in population growth.

Quakers only married within the society and limited size of families.

Philadelphia grew as a great port. Largest colonial city by 1750. Other diverse groups quickly settled in Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania protected freedom of religion, but not to Jews or Catholics

“Utopian” compact villages did not materialize as Penn envisioned, but Pennsylvanians stayed peaceful and boomed in population growth.

Quakers only married within the society and limited size of families.

Philadelphia grew as a great port. Largest colonial city by 1750. Other diverse groups quickly settled in Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania protected freedom of religion, but not to Jews or Catholics

1670-1680 Crisis1670-1680 Crisis1670-1680 Crisis1670-1680 Crisis

Iroquois Lands & European Trade CentersIroquois Lands & European Trade CentersIroquois Lands & European Trade CentersIroquois Lands & European Trade Centers

Sorting out 17th Century dates…Sorting out 17th Century dates…

1675-76 - King Philip’s War 1676 - Bacon’s Rebellion 1685 – King Charles II dies, King James II

takes the throne 1688 - Glorious Revolution deposes James

II and replaces him with “William and Mary” 1692 – Salem Witch Trials

1675-76 - King Philip’s War 1676 - Bacon’s Rebellion 1685 – King Charles II dies, King James II

takes the throne 1688 - Glorious Revolution deposes James

II and replaces him with “William and Mary” 1692 – Salem Witch Trials

Spain’s failures in FloridaSpain’s failures in Florida

By 1675, 20,000 natives had been converted by Franciscan priests, yet few Spanish settlers could be persuaded to settle in Florida

Indians felt resentment toward the Spanish as disease continued to be a problem

By 1701, Spain weakly controlled Florida. English & French traders began to have the main influence of the region.

By 1675, 20,000 natives had been converted by Franciscan priests, yet few Spanish settlers could be persuaded to settle in Florida

Indians felt resentment toward the Spanish as disease continued to be a problem

By 1701, Spain weakly controlled Florida. English & French traders began to have the main influence of the region.

King Charles IIKing Charles II Ruled England, Scotland,

Ireland 1660-1685 Suffering from kidney failure,

he asked his brother, James II, to take care of his mistress on his death bed.

As he died, James II had him baptized into the Catholic church

Ruled England, Scotland, Ireland 1660-1685

Suffering from kidney failure, he asked his brother, James II, to take care of his mistress on his death bed.

As he died, James II had him baptized into the Catholic church

Dominion of New EnglandDominion of New England

Under James II and Sir Edmond Andros, the “Dominion” gathered colonies from Maine to New England under one government.

Puritans angered to subjects of England, which cared nothing for New England’s special religious vision.

Under James II and Sir Edmond Andros, the “Dominion” gathered colonies from Maine to New England under one government.

Puritans angered to subjects of England, which cared nothing for New England’s special religious vision.

James II William & MaryJames II William & Mary

James II announced his Catholic faith immediately

Issued “Declaration of Indulgence” – freedom of religion to all

In 1688, Protestant leaders invited William of Orange (Dutch prince) to seize the throne w/ his wife Mary, daughter of James. Mary refused to become Queen w/o William as King.

James II announced his Catholic faith immediately

Issued “Declaration of Indulgence” – freedom of religion to all

In 1688, Protestant leaders invited William of Orange (Dutch prince) to seize the throne w/ his wife Mary, daughter of James. Mary refused to become Queen w/o William as King.

The Glorious RevolutionThe Glorious Revolution

Called “Glorious Revolution” because it ended the notion that kings ruled by “divine right” and marked end to Catholic challenges.

Triggered New Englander’s fear of “papists” (Catholic dictators). Bostonians attacked Andros, who tried to escape in women’s clothing.

In New York, German Jacob Leisler established a temporary gov’t, freed imprisoned debtors, upheld the common man. Eventually tried for treason by all-English jury and hanged.

Called “Glorious Revolution” because it ended the notion that kings ruled by “divine right” and marked end to Catholic challenges.

Triggered New Englander’s fear of “papists” (Catholic dictators). Bostonians attacked Andros, who tried to escape in women’s clothing.

In New York, German Jacob Leisler established a temporary gov’t, freed imprisoned debtors, upheld the common man. Eventually tried for treason by all-English jury and hanged.

More Glorious Problems..More Glorious Problems..

Planters in Virginia tried to overthrow Catholic government

Dominion of New England collapsed. King appointed governors to Massachusetts & New Hampshire. Connecticut and Rhode Island had right to elect their own.

A “colonial elite” clearly emerged.

Planters in Virginia tried to overthrow Catholic government

Dominion of New England collapsed. King appointed governors to Massachusetts & New Hampshire. Connecticut and Rhode Island had right to elect their own.

A “colonial elite” clearly emerged.

Salem Witch Trials - 1692Salem Witch Trials - 1692 Salem developed in the

Massachusetts colony Developed a court system and

tried people for witchcraft. Independent or odd women were especially accused of being witches.

29 convicted – most were hanged. One man was pressed.

http://www.history.com/videos/salem-witch-trials#salem-witch-trials

Salem developed in the Massachusetts colony

Developed a court system and tried people for witchcraft. Independent or odd women were especially accused of being witches.

29 convicted – most were hanged. One man was pressed.

http://www.history.com/videos/salem-witch-trials#salem-witch-trials