the scientific method. many scientists use a process known as the scientific method to solve a...
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![Page 1: The Scientific Method. Many scientists use a process known as the scientific method to solve a science experiment. This is a five-step process with the](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062423/5697bf951a28abf838c90c7a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Scientific Method
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The Scientific Method• Many scientists use a process known as
the scientific method to solve a science experiment. This is a five-step process with the same general pattern
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Steps of the Scientific Method
1. Problem/QuestionProblem/Question: Develop a question or problem that can
be solved through experimentation.
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Scientific Method
?QuestionHave a purpose
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Steps of the Scientific Method
2. ResearchResearch:
Do as much research on your topic of interest so that you
know how to form hypothesis.
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Scientific Method
?QuestionHave a purpose
ResearchGet as much info as you can
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Steps of the Scientific Method
3. Formulate a HypothesisFormulate a Hypothesis: Predict a possible answer to
the problem or question.
Example: If soil temperatures rise, then plant growth will
increase.
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Hypothesis:• A guess about the relationship between
variables. The statement that can be tested.
• If this _______________ then, __________.
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Scientific Method
?QuestionHave a purpose
ResearchGet as much info as you can Educated
guess
hypothesis
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Steps of the Scientific Method
4. ExperimentExperiment: Develop and follow a procedure.
Include a detailed materials list.
The outcome must be measurable (quantifiable).
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Experiment• 4. Procedure for the experiment (test the
hypothesis)--The procedure is the step-by-step plan you follow in order to complete the experiment.
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Experiment• The procedure is like a recipe. If your
procedure is written properly, everyone else who follows those directions will make the same observations or measurements as you did.
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Scientific Method
?QuestionHave a purpose
ResearchGet as much info as you can Educated
guess
hypothesis
Step by step
experiment
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Steps of the Scientific Method
5. Collect and Analyze ResultsCollect and Analyze Results: Modify the procedure if
needed.
Confirm the results by retesting.
Include tables, graphs, and photographs.
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Scientific Method
?QuestionHave a purpose
ResearchGet as much info as you can Educated
guess
hypothesis
Step by step
experimentanalysis
Look at Data
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Steps of the Scientific Method
6. ConclusionConclusion: Include a statement that accepts or
rejects the hypothesis.Make recommendations for
further study and possible improvements to the
procedure.
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Scientific Method
?QuestionHave a purpose
ResearchGet as much info as you can Educated
guess
hypothesis
Step by step
experimentanalysis
Look at Data
Conclusion
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Steps of the Scientific Method
7. Communicate the ResultsCommunicate the Results: Be prepared to present the project
to an audience.
Expect questions from the audience.
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Retest• Perform the experiment again
• What would I change?
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Outline• 1. Purpose• What is it I want to know or show? • 2. Research/Hypothesis• Find out as much as possible about your
topic• Make an educated guess about what you
think will happen• 3. Experiment• Create an experiment to test • Step by step
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Outline continued• 4. Analyze Data• Record what happens during experiment• Is data reliable? Support hypothesis?• 5. Conclusion• Was your hypothesis correct?• Summarize the important parts of experiment
and the results
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Experimental Research
• Investigations that involve variables
–Controlled Variables (constants):
–Dependent Variable:
–Independent Variable:
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Control Group
The control group is exposed to the same conditions as the
experimental group, except for the variable being tested.
All experiments should have a control group.
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Constants
The constants in an experiment
are all the factors that the
experimenter attempts to keep
the same.
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Controlled Variables (constants):
• Variables that could change, but are not allowed to; also called constants.
• Factors that stays the same through all phases of an experiment.
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Do you know the difference Do you know the difference between the independent between the independent and dependent variables?and dependent variables?
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Independent Variable The independent, or
manipulated variable, is a factor that’s intentionally varied by the
experimenter.John is going to use 25g., 50g.,
100g., 250g., 500g. of sugar in his experiment.
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Dependent Variable The dependent, or responding variable, is the factor that may change as a result of changes
made in the independent variable.
In this case, it would be the size of the loaf of bread.
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Dependent Variable: • In an experimental investigation, what is
observed and measured; the data.
• Factors that will be measured in an experiment.