week 2 process skills: scientific method & graphing notes
TRANSCRIPT
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Week 2Process Skills:
Scientific Method & Graphing notes
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What are the steps of the scientific method?
1. Background Information2. Problem3. Hypothesis4. Materials5. Procedure6. Data7. Conclusion
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Let’s talk about them one at a
time!
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Background InformationBackground information is information that you research before you conduct your investigation.
It might be information you already know!
This information helps you clearly understand your topic before you begin conducting experiments.
This might include safety information!
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Example: If you were doing an experiment with M&M’s, would you have any Background information?
Sure you would!1. What colors do they come in?2. What types of M&M’s are
there?
What else can you come up with about M&M’s?
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You see, you are already very smart!
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ProblemA problem is the question you (the scientist) plan to answer by conducting the scientific investigation.
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Think of this problem about Open House?
Problem: What will happen if your parents come to open house?
A Problem is always stated as a question. It is the question that you want to solve or answer during your scientific investigation.
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HypothesisThe hypothesis is an educated
guess or explanation that answers the question in the problem. This is what you THINK the answer might
be.
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A hypothesis should be written as an IF/THEN
statement!Cause and effectWhen one thing happens it causes another thing to happen.
Example: If I run in the hall, Then I will get hurt.
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Let’s PracticeWrite a hypothesis to the following
problems:1. What will happen if I don’t wear safety goggles in the lab?2. What will happen if I don’t complete my homework?3. How many drops of water can a penny hold?4. If we fill a baby food jar with water, then how many drops of water will it take to cause the jar to overflow?
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MaterialsThis is the list of supplies and equipment that you will need to prove whether or not your hypothesis is correct.
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Rules for listing materials1. Be descriptive! (tell me the size, shape, color etc.)2. Be precise! (Say 50ml of water and not a little bit of water)3. Don’t forget what you will need to clean up!4. If you need a liquid, you’ll need something to hold the liquid in.
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ProcedureThe list of steps that you will follow to prove whether or not your hypothesis was accepted or rejected.
These will be numbered steps, in exactly the order that you will follow them.
List each step separately and be as descriptive as possible.
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DataNeeds to be displayed in charts or graphs with correct heading and titles
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AND NOW….
THE BIGGIE…. Conclusion
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ConclusionThe Conclusion is the answer to the
problem, that you discovered during your scientific investigation.
The Conclusion has 5 parts…1. The hypothesis was accepted/rejected.2. It Stated…3. To test the hypothesis…4. During the test it was observed…5. Therefore…
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You should practice writing more
conclusions, we will be writing a
lot of conclusions through out the
school year.
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Great Job!Now let’s review. 1. List the 8 steps of the scientific method
in order.2. Which step of the scientific method is the
questions that arise during the lab experiment?
3. Which step of the scientific method comes before procedure?
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Now let’s say the 8 steps of the scientific method all together!
1. Background Information2. Problem3. Hypothesis4. Materials5. Procedure6. Data7. Conclusion
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Congratulations!
You are almost ready for the
scientific method test!
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How to set up successful graphs in Science class!
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How to set up your graph!
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How to set up your graph!
Y Axis
(This is for your dependent variable)
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How to set up your graph!
X Axis
(This is for your independent variable)
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TAILS
TT - Title
Teachers’s Favorite Singer
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TAILS
T - T - Title
A - Axis
Teachers’s Favorite Singer
Y Axis = Dependent Variable
X Axis = Independent Variable
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TAILS
T - T - Title
A – Axis
S – Scale
Teachers’s Favorite Singer
Decide on an appropriate scale for each axis.
Choose a scale that lets you make the graph as large as possible for your paper and data
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How to determine scaleScale is determined
by your highest & lowest number.
In this case your scale would be from 2 – 22.
Favorite Singer
Number of Teachers
Toby Keith
22
Madonna
15
Elvis 11
Sting 5
Sinatra 2
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How to determine IntervalsThe interval is
decided by your scale.
In this case your scale would be from 2 – 22 and you want the scale to fit the graph.
The best interval would be to go by 5’s.
Favorite Singer
Number of Teachers
Toby Keith
22
Madonna
15
Elvis 11
Sting 5
Sinatra 2
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TAILS
T – TitleT – Title
A – Axis
I – Interval
S – Scale
Teachers’s Favorite Singer
The amount of space between one number and the next or one type of data and the next on the graph.
The interval is just as important as the scale
Choose an interval that lets you make the graph as large as possible for your paper and data
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TAILS
T – TitleT – Title
A – Axis
I – Interval
S – Scale
Teachers’s Favorite Singer
0
5
10
15
20
25
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TAILS
T – TitleT – Title
A – Axis
I – Interval
L – Labels
S – Scale
Teachers’s Favorite Singer
0
5
10
15
20
25
Toby
Keith
Madonna
Elvis
Sting
Sinatra
LABEL your bars or data points
SingersGive the bars a general label. What do those words mean?
Num
ber
of T
each
ers
Label your Y Axis.
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When to use…Bar graphsBar graphs
Used to show data that are not continuous.Allows us to compare data like amounts or
frequency or categoriesAllow us to make generalizations about the
dataHelp us see differences in data
Line GraphsLine GraphsFor continuous datauseful for showing trends over time