The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic

Chapter 6 Unit 1Notes

Chapter 6 Unit 1Notes

The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic

Main Idea: Power and Authority - The early Romans established a republic, which grew very powerful.

Why Now:Fundamental values and institutions of western civilization began in Rome

Main Idea: Power and Authority - The early Romans established a republic, which grew very powerful.

Why Now:Fundamental values and institutions of western civilization began in Rome

The Roman RepublicThe Roman Republic

Terms:Republic, patrician, plebeian, tribune, consul, senate, dictator, legion, Punic Wars, and Hannibal

Setting the Stage:Rome grew from a small city to a major empire that stretched 3500 miles east and west . It will become the most famous and influential.

Terms:Republic, patrician, plebeian, tribune, consul, senate, dictator, legion, Punic Wars, and Hannibal

Setting the Stage:Rome grew from a small city to a major empire that stretched 3500 miles east and west . It will become the most famous and influential.

Origins of RomeOrigins of Rome

753 BC by Romulus and RemusSons of the God Mars and a Latin princess

They were abandoned on the Tiber River and raised by a wolf

They decided to build a city on that spot for its strategic location and fertile soil

753 BC by Romulus and RemusSons of the God Mars and a Latin princess

They were abandoned on the Tiber River and raised by a wolf

They decided to build a city on that spot for its strategic location and fertile soil

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Origins of RomeOrigins of Rome

Rome’s Geography- Built on 7 rolling hills- Mid - location:

- It is half way down the peninsula

- And half way point of the Mediterranean Sea

Rome’s Geography- Built on 7 rolling hills- Mid - location:

- It is half way down the peninsula

- And half way point of the Mediterranean Sea

Origins of RomeOrigins of Rome

The First Romans- 3 groups migrated to Italy

- Latins- Settlement on the Palatine Hill (1st Romans)

- Greeks- Colonies along southern Italy (center of commerce)

- Etruscans- Settle in northern Italy (Rome adopted their alphabet)

The First Romans- 3 groups migrated to Italy

- Latins- Settlement on the Palatine Hill (1st Romans)

- Greeks- Colonies along southern Italy (center of commerce)

- Etruscans- Settle in northern Italy (Rome adopted their alphabet)

The Early RepublicThe Early Republic

600 BC an Etruscan became King of Rome, this is the beginning of Rome’s growthForum: heart of Roman political life

Last King of Rome, Tarquin the Proud (extremely harsh ruler)He was driven from power in 509 BC

Rome declared they would never be ruled by a King again

Established a REPUBLIC: (from Latin res public, public affairs) form of government in which power rests with the citizens (free born males) who can vote for leaders

600 BC an Etruscan became King of Rome, this is the beginning of Rome’s growthForum: heart of Roman political life

Last King of Rome, Tarquin the Proud (extremely harsh ruler)He was driven from power in 509 BC

Rome declared they would never be ruled by a King again

Established a REPUBLIC: (from Latin res public, public affairs) form of government in which power rests with the citizens (free born males) who can vote for leaders

The Early RepublicThe Early RepublicPatricians and Plebeians- Patricians were wealthy landowners (held most the power)- Inherited power and claimed ancestors gave them the right to rule

- Plebeians were commoners (farmers, artisans, merchants) who made up the majority of the population- Eventually were able to vote but not hold public office

- In time formed own assembly with elected officials called TRIBUNES: protected the rights of the plebeians

Patricians and Plebeians- Patricians were wealthy landowners (held most the power)- Inherited power and claimed ancestors gave them the right to rule

- Plebeians were commoners (farmers, artisans, merchants) who made up the majority of the population- Eventually were able to vote but not hold public office

- In time formed own assembly with elected officials called TRIBUNES: protected the rights of the plebeians

The Early RepublicThe Early Republic

The Twelve Tables- Plebeians wanted written laws so the patricians couldn’t interrupt laws to suit them- The Twelve Tables: were carved and hung in the Forum, became the foundations of Roman law-All free male citizens had the right to be protected under the law

The Twelve Tables- Plebeians wanted written laws so the patricians couldn’t interrupt laws to suit them- The Twelve Tables: were carved and hung in the Forum, became the foundations of Roman law-All free male citizens had the right to be protected under the law

The Early RepublicThe Early RepublicGovernment Under the Republic

Senatearistocrats

advise consuls

Centuriate Assemblysoldiers only

chose consuls

Tribal Assemblyordinary citizens

makes laws

Consulstwo rulers

serve 1 year

Government Under the Republic

Senatearistocrats

advise consuls

Centuriate Assemblysoldiers only

chose consuls

Tribal Assemblyordinary citizens

makes laws

Consulstwo rulers

serve 1 year

Command army

Directed government

Couldn’t be re-elected for 10 years

One couldn’t over rule the other300 members from upper class

Foreign and domestic policy

Eventually plebeians will be allowed in

SERVES FOR LIFE

Comparing Republics

ROME USA2 Consuls elected by Assembly for 1 year, chief of government and head of Army

Executive President, elected by the people for 4 years, chief of government and Army

-Senate 300 (life) head of foreign policy and financial policies, and advises Consuls- Centuriate Assembly soldiers (life) selects consuls and makes laws- Tribal Assembly citizens grouped by where they live (life) elects tribunes and make laws

Legislative -Senate 100 (6 years) make laws and advise president on foreign policy- House of Representatives 435 (2 years) make laws, originates revenues bills

Praetors, judges, 8 chosen for 1 year by Centuriate Assembly

Judicial Supreme Court, 9 justices, appointed for life by president, highest court

Twelve Tables were a list of rules that were the basis of Roman legal code

Legal Code US Constitution is the basic law of the USA

All adult landowner males Citizenship All native born or naturalized adults

Rome Spreads Its PowerRome Spreads Its Power

Rome Conquers Italy- 4th c. Rome dominated Italy (defeated Etruscans and Greeks)

- Rome treated all conquered differently:- Latins: Full citizens- Farther from Rome: all rights but no vote

- Allies of Rome: just had to supply Roman Army and they would be left alone

Rome Conquers Italy- 4th c. Rome dominated Italy (defeated Etruscans and Greeks)

- Rome treated all conquered differently:- Latins: Full citizens- Farther from Rome: all rights but no vote

- Allies of Rome: just had to supply Roman Army and they would be left aloneHELPS BUILD A STRONG AND

SUCCESSFUL EMPIRE!!!

Rome Spreads Its PowerRome Spreads Its Power

Rome’s Commercial Networks- LOCATION: merchants moved by land and sea

- Traded wine and olive oil- Large and powerful Carthage in Northern Africa, once a Phoenician colony, was rising in power and influence - STOOD IN ROMES WAY FOR DOMINANCE OF MEDITERRANEAN SEA

Rome’s Commercial Networks- LOCATION: merchants moved by land and sea

- Traded wine and olive oil- Large and powerful Carthage in Northern Africa, once a Phoenician colony, was rising in power and influence - STOOD IN ROMES WAY FOR DOMINANCE OF MEDITERRANEAN SEA

Rome Spreads Its PowerRome Spreads Its PowerWar with Carthage- Punic Wars: 264-146 BC Rome v. Carthage

- 1. Control of Sicily and W. Med.- 26 years- Carthage defeated

- 2. Hannibal: Carthaginian general assembled an Army of 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, and 60 elephants- Wanted to surprise Rome - Almost won, then Rome regrouped

- Roman general Scipio decides to force Hannibal home by Rome going to attack Carthage

- Carthage is defeated- 3. Rome goes to Carthage and sets city on fire, sells

50,000 inhabitants into slavery - RESULTS: (1) Rome’s dominance in W. Med, (2) empire now

stretched from Spain to Anatolia=MORE CHALLENGES

War with Carthage- Punic Wars: 264-146 BC Rome v. Carthage

- 1. Control of Sicily and W. Med.- 26 years- Carthage defeated

- 2. Hannibal: Carthaginian general assembled an Army of 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, and 60 elephants- Wanted to surprise Rome - Almost won, then Rome regrouped

- Roman general Scipio decides to force Hannibal home by Rome going to attack Carthage

- Carthage is defeated- 3. Rome goes to Carthage and sets city on fire, sells

50,000 inhabitants into slavery - RESULTS: (1) Rome’s dominance in W. Med, (2) empire now

stretched from Spain to Anatolia=MORE CHALLENGES

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.