Chapter 2 Matter and Change

Unit Notes

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Section 2.1 Properties of Matter

What is matter?

Which of these is matter?

airwater

smoke

light

heat

cold

darkness

jello sound

human

cloud

diamond

What is matter?

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

Matter can be classified by extensive or intensive properties.

Extensive depends on the amount of matter in the sample.

Intensive does not depend on the amount but the type of matter in the sample.

What is a substance?

Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance.

Examples are: gold, copper, iron, water, sodium chloride (salt), oxygen (see table 2.1)

Physical properties can be used to identify unknown substances.

States of Matter

The three main states of matter are: solid, liquid and gas.

Solids

Solids have a definite shape and volume. The shape of the solid doesn’t depend on

the shape of the container. Solids are incompressible. Expand slightly when heated. Particle vibrate in place.

Liquids

Indefinite shape Definite volume Not easily compressed Expand slightly when heated. Particles can flow.

Gases

Indefinite shape. Indefinite volume. Easily compressed. Particles are free to roam everywhere.

Vocabulary Cards

Matter Extensive Intensive Substance

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Yup, yup

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How can you tell if something is matter?

Mixtures 2.2

Mixtures are classified into two groups. Mixtures are physical blends of two or more

components. Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform.

Their components are not evenly distributed. Homogeneous mixtures are uniform and

their components are evenly distributed. Phases describe any part of a mixture that

has uniform composition and properties.

What kind of mixture is it?

heterogeneous Homogeneous

heterogeneousHomogeneous

Homogeneous

Elements and compounds 2.3

Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

Elements cannot. If the composition of a material is fixed, the

material is a substance. If the composition of a material can vary, it is

a mixture. Chemical symbols are used to represent

elements on the periodic table.

Chemical Reactions 2.4 During a chemical change, the composition of

matter always changes. A substance present at the start of the reaction is

called the reactant. The substance present at the end of the reaction is

called the product. Clues that a chemical change has occurred are:

energy transfer (hot or cold feeling), change in color, gas production, formation of a precipitate (solid stuff)

During any chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants and the products must equal each other.

Its called the Law of Conservation of Mass.

How can you recognize a physical versus and chemical change?

Breaking glass

Frying an egg

Shaking pop

Ice pack

Burning a match

Freezing water

Hand warmers

Cooking macaroni

Rusting car

Boiling water

Chopping veggies

Baking a cake

Vocabulary Cards

Mixture Heterogeneous Homogeneous Compound Element Reactant product

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How can you tell if a chemical instead of a physical reaction has taken place?

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Substance

Matter that has the same composition and properties throughout is called a substance.

Compound

A compound is a substance whose smallest unit is made up of atoms of more than one element chemically bonded together.

Mixture

When two or more substances (element and compounds) come together but don’t combine to create a new substance, a mixture results.

Homogeneous Mixture

These mixtures are the same throughout. You can’t see the different parts.

Heterogeneous Mixture

These mixtures are not the same throughout and you can see the individual parts.

Which one is it?

compoundcompound mixture

mixturemixture

compound

A chemical reaction must make something totally different that has different properties from when it started.

You start with the

reactants

And you end with the

products

When you make a sandwich, what do you do?

When you make a sandwich, what do you do?

Reactants

Products

SCIENCE SWAGEXTRA CREDIT:

Create a video, poem or story about the states of matter.

Poem or story must be one page.

Video must be 2 minutes.

Make sure the projects include good facts about the states

of matter.

Due in one week.

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What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

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