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The Role of Shadow Puppetry
in the Development of Phatthalung Province, Thailand
2013 NIU Southeast Asia Club Conference
Siew Lian Lim
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Shadow Puppet Theater Carved puppets (traditionally leather)
+ light source = shadows on a screen
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Shadow Puppet Theater Around the World
China (Shaanxi)
India (Kerala) Tolpava Koothu
http://foter.com/Shadow-Puppets
www.vyshakhullas.wordpress.com
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Shadow Puppet Theater Around the World
Central Asia (Turkey) “Karagöz and Hacivat”
Europe (France) “Le Chat Noir”
www.schattentheater.de/files/englisch/geschichte/geschichte.php www.exeter.ac.uk
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Shadow Puppetry in SEA
Indonesia (Java) – Wayang Kulit
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Shadow Puppetry in SEA
Thailand
Nang Talung
(Traditional) small
Nang Yai (Traditional)
large
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Shadow Puppetry in SEA
Malaysia (Kelantan)
– Wayang Kulit
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Shadow Puppetry in SEA
Cambodia Sbaek Touch (Left 6); Sbaek Thom (Right)
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Research Questions: Nang Talung in Phatthalung Province
Today 1. What role does Nang Talung play today in
Phatthalung?
2. How have changes in Nang Talung supported Phatthalung’s development?
3. How do these changes help Nang Talung’s survival?
4. How does the status of Nang Talung in Phatthalung contrast to Shadow Puppetry in Cambodia?
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Phatthalung Thailand Hat Yai
Phatthalung
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Phatthalung
• Southern Region surrounded by Andarman Sea and Gulf of Thailand • Phatthalung Province
landlocked - no beaches
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• Large, shallow Songkla Lake on the east and mountains on the west.
• Backpacking, mountain climbing, and bird watching
• Major attraction –
Thale Noi Bird-watching Festival
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Shadow Play Handicrafts Village Mu 1, Ban Bang Kaeo, Tambon Tha Madua,
Amphoe Bang Kaeo, Phatthlung
Research site •In rural area 22 miles from Phatthalung City •60 miles from Hat Yai, Songkla Province
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Shadow Play Handicrafts Village Interviewed Im Chanchum, Director
•Im Chanchum’s father was a popular puppetmaster (nai nang) •Retired from performing to set up Village •Now just leather crafting
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Nang Talung puppets
For performing Nang Talung troupes Troupes outsource to Village
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Nang Yai as decorative art
Royal family - Rama IX, the Great, and Queen
Includes images popular in Thai culture
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Nang Yai as decorative art
• New function for nang “puppets”
Diversification I • Sold to art
collectors & tourists
• Not just puppet figures - Hand crafted to order
Meditating monk
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Crafting
Elephants!
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Nang Talung crafting family
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Diversification II
Souvenir key chain tags
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Cambodia • Khmer Rouge
(1975-79) government
Destroyed Sbaek Theater
• Development = Restoration and Healing
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(1) Little Angels Orphanage Siem Reap, Cambodia
Sery Rathana Founder & Director
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Little Angels Orphanage
•Founder Sery Rathana –orphan, survivor, & puppetmaker •70 Children 4 – 18 Years old •In school 4 hours a day
Humanitarian Art •Craft Sbaek puppets the
rest of the day
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Carving
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Shellacking & Painting
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Drying
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Home Made Crucible
Tool Making
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Puppets sold to support Orphanage
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(2) Sovanna Phum Art Association Phnom Penh
Siem Reap
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•Mann Kosal - Artistic Director
•Graduated - Royal University of Fine Arts, Phnom Penh
•Founded Sovanna Phum 1994
Revives - Traditional Khmer Arts
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"New Contemporary Dance and Mixed shadow Puppets Theater (Sbeak Thom), Mask Theatre"
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Mask
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Results
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Research Question 1 What role does Nang Talung play
today in Phatthalung?
• Nang Talung - part of Phatthalung’s cultural heritage and identity
• Even without performance, Nang Talung is a tourist attraction
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Research Question 2 How have changes in Nang Talung
supported Phatthalung’s development? • Major change: diversification to
production • Outsourcing Nang Talung puppet
production to Phatthalung, The Village • Shadow Play Handicrafts Village –
“Essential” cultural site for Phatthalung tourist industry development
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Research Question 3 How do these changes help Nang
Talung’s survival?
•Nang Talung faces same competition from modern entertainment as Wayang Kulit but still popular with Thai people •Diversification from performance to
Decorative Art creates a new market – collectors and tourists
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Research Question 4 How does the status of Nang Talung in
Phatthalung contrast to Sbaek Theater in Cambodia?
• Lineage - extremely important to Shadow Puppet folk art
• Thailand - Nang Talung – lineage preserved without interruption
• Cambodia – 1. lineage destroyed by Khmer Rouge 2. Now: needs reconstruction including
Humanitarian Work
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Recent work by Lim
Gotcha! 2012
Going Home Where The Heart Is 2012 Taming 2012
Liberation 2012
Echoing Spirits 2011
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Bibliography • Bali & Beyond. 19 July 2010 < http://www.balibeyond.com/cover.html>. • Brown, Kevin. “Dancing into the Heart of Darkness: Modern Variations and Innovations of
the Thai Shadow Theatre.” Puppetry International 26, 2009. 7 March 2013 http://www.unima-usa.org/publications/shadow/Brown.html>. • Chen, Fan Pen. “Shadow Theaters of the World.” Asian Folklore Studies, 62, 2003. • "Phatthalung Province." DNQ Travel . 20 May 2012 <http://www.dnqtravel.com/Thailandnews/540/1894P2/phatthalung_province_ Handicrafts village.html>. • Irvine, David. Leather Gods & Wooden Heroes: Java’s Classical Wayang. Singapore:
Times Editions, 1996. • Jermadi, Fikri. “Origins of Film? - Wayang Kulit in Malaysia part 1,” Thoughts on Films, 2
Dec 2009. 30 Nov 2010 <http://thoughtsonfilms.wordpress.com/2009/12/02/origins-of-film- wayang..>. Kiernan, Ben. The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power and Genocide in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, 1975-1979. New Haven, Yale University Press, 2002. • Koanantakool, Paritta Chalermp. "Relevance of the Textual and Contextual Analyses in Understanding Folk Performance in Modern Society: A Case of Southern Thai Shadow Puppet Theatre." Asian Folklore Studies, 48, 1989. • Lim, Siew Lian. Global Impact on the Survival of Wayang Kulit. Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, U.S.A., 2012. .
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• Lim, Siew Lian. Transmitting the Ramayana from India to Southeast Asia and the West through Shadow Puppetry and Visual Art. Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, U.S.A., 2010
• Mulyano, Ir. Sri. Human Character in the Wayang. Trans. M. M. Madeiros. Jakarta: Pustaka Wayang, 1977.
• National Gallery of Australia. “Dono, Heri, Flying Angels. < http://cs.nga.gov.au/Detail-LRG.cfm?IRN=172788&View=LRG >.
• "Phatthalung Travel Information." 20 May 2012 <http://www.hotelthailand.com/travelinfo/south/phatthalung.html>.
• Smithies, Michael and Kerdchouay, Kerdchouay. "Nang Talung: The Shadow Theatre of Southern Thailand." Journal of the Siam Society 1971-1980, 60, 1972 10 March 2013 <http://www.siam-society.org/pub_JSS/jss_index_1971-1980.html>.
• Taweethong, Nualmorakot. "The History of Nang Talung :‘Shadow play’ from Asia to Southern Thailand." The 2nd International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences April 10th, 2010 Faculty of Liberal Arts, Prince of Songkla University. 9 May 2013<http://sv.libarts.psu.ac.th/conference5/proceedings/Proceedings2/article/5pdf/001.pdf>.
• “Thai Shadow Puppets.” Museum of Anthropology, University of Missouri, 2003. 14 July 2010 <http://anthromuseum.missouri.edu/minigalleries/thaipuppets/intro.shtml>.
• Yaacob, Aris, ed. Aris A Yaacob: Radical-Malay-Anglophile Artist. 22 Dec. 2007. 5 Aug. 2010 < http://www.arisayaacob.blogspot.com>.