The Roaring 20s

The Roaring 20s

NewsWomen Gain Rights, Fashion, and FlappersProhibition Goes into EffectBenito Mussolini New Prime Minister of ItalyMohandas Gandhi Sent to JailHitler and His Beer Hall PutschLucky Lindy and the Spirit of St. LouisSacco and Vanzetti Go to CourtScopes Monkey Trial

1920: 19th Amendment PassedSuffrage granted to womenBritain follows in 1923Matrimonial Clauses ActMen and Women Equal in DivorceWomen Adopt New ImageShort Hair and SkirtsArchbishop of Naples (Italy) Blames Earthquake on ItCars Get Electrical StartersWho Needs a Man Now?Women Smoke in Public and Wear CosmeticsColleges and High Schools Open to Both GendersNational News, Vol. 1Women Gain Rights, Fashion, and Flappers

Picketing outside of the White House, suffragettes like Alice Paul were arrested and force-fed when they went on a hunger strike.But after the passage of the 19th Amendment, they had their political beaus.

Fashion Fads

Betty Boop Take a Hike

What Was Womanhood?

Were They a Reflection of the Age?Homes Change with TechnologyEntertainment Goes WildPolitics EvolveIts the Economy, Stupid

Home of the 20s

Leisure Time and Entertainment

Art Changed

Literature of a Lost Generation

Arts RoundupWalt Disney presents Mickey Mouse in Steamboat WillieEarnest Hemingway publishes The Sun Also RisesT.S. Elliot writes free-verse poem, The Waste LandGeorge Gershwin produces Rhapsody in BlueCharlie Chaplin stars in The KidJohn Barrymore, Douglas Fairbanks, and Mary Pickford to star in flicks. Dr. Jeckel and Mr. Hyde released. The Jazz Singer, first talkie hits the screen.Europeans Stravinsky, Ravel, Shaw, Huxley, and Joyce redefine music and literatureOh, yeah. In Harlem, NYC, there was a renaissance among the negro folks

The Harlem Renaissance

MUSICARTLITERATURETHEATRERELIGIONPOLITICSDANCEPolitics Gets Nastier

Presidents Are Anti-Heroes

Warren G HardingCalvin Silent Cal CoolidgeHerbert Hoover

Tea Pot Dome Scandal

Second Wave of the KKK

1915-1923

TheResponseNativists Oppose Smith in 1924

KKK Anti-Immigration PosterImmigrants Take a Beating

Red ScareAnti-ImmigrantAnti-SocialistAnti-CommunistAnti-CatholicAnti-SemiticAnti-AnarchistAnti-LaborAnti-Urban

Response to WASPsa fading majority

An Appeal to Fear

Pseudo-Nationalistic Themes

American Protection AssociationCome ye sons of Uncle Sam,Come join the gallant band.Come unite with us to fight our countrys foe.For our God is with the right.We will conquer by His might,And Slick and wily Jesuit must go.

Noble men are in our ranksWe are not a band of cranksWe are not a lot of bigots or of fools.But, ye Roman Catholic hordes, We will buckle on our swords,If you dare to meddle with our public schools.

Dare to be an A.P.A.Dare to stand alone.Dare to work for freedoms cause.Dare to make it known.

Excuses, Excuses, Excuses

A. Palmer Mitchell, US Attorney-General prosecutes suspected anti-AmericansLoyalty questioned of any and all Southern and Eastern European immigrantsStem from Russian Revolution by Bolsheviks (Communists)US troops tried to restore Romanov family after WWIEconomy: From Boom to Bust

COSTS OF THE 20sWAGES(Annual)HOUSING/FOODTRANSPORTA-TIONCOTHINGMISC. Laborer$1306Motel Room$5 per personNew Small Car$1000Mans Coat$14Baseball Bat$1.50Clerk$1647Deluxe Room$10 pp and upSmall Truck$1400Quality Dress$15Pencil$ .01Foreman$2254Deluxe Dinner$1.50Gasoline$ .20 per gallonMans Shirt$1Hardcover Book$1.50Carpenter$1808Good Lunch$ .75Deluxe Car$7000Ladies Work Dress$53-cell Flashlight$2Conductor$2971Loaf of Bread$ .25Used Car$250Winter Boots$6Excellent cigar$ .20General$6347Quart of Milk$ .15Local Bus$ .05Casual Sports Jacket$12Mule$100Era of Conspicuous Consumption

Prosperity Turned SourAmerica fed the world during the Great WarAfter the War soldiers returned to the fieldsAmerican goods were less neededPrices decreasedFarmers earned less, but had the same expensesFarmed harder, bought less finished productsFactories laid off workers or closedCity workers has less to spend and repay creditMore closures of factories, banks, and storesStock Market CrashOctober 29, 1929

The Government is Laissez Faire

Then Mother Nature Attacks

The Dust BowlOrdinary Folks Are Hit Hard

And Still No Government Help to the People

Prohibition Goes Into EffectThe Noble ExperimentPassage of the 18th Amendment (1919)Cure for All Evils of SocietyCrooked PoliticiansChild and Wife AbuseFailure of Immigrants to AssimilateExperiment FailureOrganized CrimeSpeakeasiesMoonshiners

Motivation: Chicago

Both Sides of the Question

Can we legislate morality? Is alcohol a cause or effect of societal problems?How can we predict consequence of rules?

A Long History of Temperance: Carrie NationIssue of alcohol, drugs, tobacco and gun control is common in reform movements from the Great Awakenings to the present.Usually taken up by WASP women and Fundamentalist groups in the Northeast and the Southern Bible Belt

For Every Action, There is an Equal and Opposite Reaction

NYC has 32,000 Speakeasies operating during Prohibition$60,000,000 made in 1927 by Al Capone from bootleggingSmuggling operations brings in booze from Canada, Mexico, and the West IndiesHomemade hooch from wood alcohol leads to blindness, paralysis, and deathCriminal Activity and DefenseNorthside RaidFederal Bureau of Investigation Founded

Capones Little Italy

On the International SceneBenito Mussolini in ItalyJournalist, teacher, and father of five becomes Europes first Fascist dictatorIl DuceKing Victor Emmanuel names Black Shirt leader Prime Minister after March on Rome in 1922Brits and Frogs see peace ahead

Italian children recruited for Il DuceMohandas Karamchand Gandhi JailedGandhi, aka Mahatma Great Soul, imprisoned for resisting Brit control of IndiaPacifist uses non-violence and civil disobedience as protestsIndia Act of 1919 not fast enough for former London law student and South African attorney

Adolph Hitler: Beer Hall Putsch

Angry Austrian corporal takes over National German Socialist Workingmans PartyAttempted coup in Bavaria results in arrest of Partys Fuhrer Speech vows for revenge after Treaty of Versailles leaves Germans in financial woesWrites Mein Kampf in jailInternational DatelineVladimir Ilyich Ulanov Lenin, USSR chief, dies under mysterious circumstanceJoseph Stalin becomes Soviet dictatorElizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor bornbaby girl to become future Brit queenDancer Isadora Duncan suffocated in car accidentEgypt granted independence from BritsLebanon now a republic with dual Moslem/Christian leadersSun Yat-sen takes over China from Manchu empireImmigrants Houdini and Valentino die in unrelated cases of peritonitisLucky Lindy Hops the Big Pond Solo

25 Year-Old Airmail Pilot Reaches France05/20/1927 Charles Augustus Lindbergh touches down near Paris & meets 100,000 fans2 French pilots die in earlier attemptsJune 1928: Amelia Earhart first to repeat feat

Charles Lindberghs Spirit of St. Louis

Celebrity leads to a fallen hero and the loss of his childLindbergh Baby KidnappedChild taken from homeParents out, babysitter suspected, but clearedRansom paid, child found deadBruno Hauptmann accused, found guilty, and executedKidnapping becomes a federal capital offense

On the Legal Front

Sacco and Vanzetti Combine a false charge and false witnessesAdd Red Scare and Crime for motivation/ impetusToss in povertyHeat with fear of changeServe on suspicion for anything foreignIsolate as a preservative

The Radical Press Has Its Martyrs

Their charge was murder of a security guard during an attempted robbery

Witnesses placed them elsewhere, but their testimony was discredited because of the politics of one of the witnesses.They were convicted and executed.

Monkey Trial in TennesseeSubstitute Bio Teacher Defies LawJohn Scopes, a PE teacher, treats Darwins theory as factLaw demands teacher is incarcerated Fundamentalists and town boosters want a long, hot summerACLU plot?

Physical Evidence Presented19th Century Version

1920s Revision

Darrow v The Great Commoner

Trial Makes a Mockery of Monkeys

News BriefsDiabetes beaten 1921Charles Best discovers insulinAlbert Einstein awarded Nobel Prize in PhysicsImmunization against TBVitamin E found by Evans and Bishop Vitamin C isolated by Szent-GyorgylTutankhamens Tomb discovered in Egypt by Charles Carter and George HerbertHenry Fords plant rolls Model T out of DetroitBBC created after 1920 radio broadcasts heardClarence Birdseye finds method to freeze food in the AntarcticJohn Baird introduces his TV; Charles Jenkins broadcasts in 1927Alexander Fleming uses mold for penicillin and antibiotics First motel opens in CAKodak introduces color 16mm filmBabe Ruth hits 60 HRAge of Normalcy End in Sight!

Cause and EffectBefore the 1920sVictorian, middle-class WASP and rural majorityIndustrialization was regulated and the primary source of US incomeWorld War I left the nation wanting peace and isolationism from foreign entanglementsGood and bad were absolutesBy the end of the 1920sHard Times hit every householdRole of family and women were changed foreverEducation was available and expectedCities were increasingly more powerful and exoticEuropean fascism was on the rise Legacy of the 20sQuestioning of gender, generation, and geneticsTechnology and economics as motivationDebate on the role of governmentChange from rural to urban as the American way of lifeMorality is not absoluteHero has many meanings

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