THE ROAD TO THE ROAD TO INDPENDENCE -1753-INDPENDENCE -1753-

17781778

THE MERCANTILE THEORYTHE MERCANTILE THEORY

Policy of all major European Policy of all major European nations from 16th tonations from 16th to l8th l8th centuries.centuries.

Mercantilism – Mercantilism – Belief that Belief that wealth was power and that a wealth was power and that a country’s economic wealth country’s economic wealth (both military and political (both military and political power) could be measured power) could be measured by the amount of gold or by the amount of gold or silver in its treasury. silver in its treasury.

MercantilismMercantilism

Elements of the TheoryElements of the Theory

To get gold, must export more than importTo get gold, must export more than import Colonies provide export marketsColonies provide export markets Colonies provide source for raw materialColonies provide source for raw material Colonies can’t trade with othersColonies can’t trade with others Colonies can’t produce their own finished Colonies can’t produce their own finished

goodsgoods Encourage colonies to produce what Encourage colonies to produce what

mother country must importmother country must import

Mercantilism Trammels On Mercantilism Trammels On Trade Trade

Parliament passed many laws to enforce Parliament passed many laws to enforce the mercantile systemthe mercantile system

Navigation LawsNavigation Laws – – most famous most famous SignificanceSignificance

Other LawsOther Laws

Merits of MercantilismMerits of Mercantilism

Salutary Neglect. Salutary Neglect. Robert WalpoleRobert Walpole..

Smuggling.Smuggling. Americans did reap Americans did reap many many

direct benefits from direct benefits from Mercantilism.Mercantilism. What were they?What were they?

Benefits of MercantilismBenefits of Mercantilism

Price supports and subsidies helped them Price supports and subsidies helped them compete against the Europeans.compete against the Europeans.

Tobacco monopoly.Tobacco monopoly. They had rights of Englishmen and They had rights of Englishmen and

opportunities for self-government.opportunities for self-government. Protection of the strong British army and Protection of the strong British army and

NavyNavy Prosperity trickled downProsperity trickled down

The Menace Of Mercantilism The Menace Of Mercantilism

Downside to MercantilismDownside to Mercantilism It hurt economic initiative It hurt economic initiative Southern planters were treated more Southern planters were treated more

favorably. favorably. Mercantilism was humiliating to Americans Mercantilism was humiliating to Americans

• ““Revolution broke out because England failed to Revolution broke out because England failed to recognize an emerging nation when it saw one”- recognize an emerging nation when it saw one”- my FAVORITE Presidentmy FAVORITE President

1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion

Fort Detroit

British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

Pontiac’s RebellionPontiac’s Rebellion

BACKLASH!BACKLASH!

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763

The Stamp Tax Uproar The Stamp Tax Uproar

After the war, Brits wanted to After the war, Brits wanted to start taxing the American start taxing the American Colonies. Colonies. Why? Why?

George GrenvilleGeorge Grenville Prime MinisterPrime Minister End of Salutary Neglect. End of Salutary Neglect.

Revenue Acts Revenue Acts

New Mercantilist LawsNew Mercantilist Laws

Sugar Act—1764 Sugar Act—1764 Quartering Act of 1765 Quartering Act of 1765 Currency ActCurrency Act Stamp Act —1765 Stamp Act —1765

This Act became the most hatedThis Act became the most hated

Stamp ActStamp Act

What it requiredWhat it required Who it antagonizedWho it antagonized British view of its fairnessBritish view of its fairness American view of its fairnessAmerican view of its fairness No taxation without representationNo taxation without representation Virtual representationVirtual representation

Parliament Forced To Repeal Parliament Forced To Repeal The Stamp ActThe Stamp Act

Stamp Act Congress Stamp Act Congress of 1765 of 1765

Non-importation Non-importation agreements of agreements of British goods British goods

Sons of Liberty and Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty Daughters of Liberty

Declaratory ActDeclaratory Act

Tarring and Feathering a Tax Stamp Agent

The Townshend Tea Tax And The The Townshend Tea Tax And The Boston Massacre Boston Massacre

Charles “Champagne Charlie” Charles “Champagne Charlie” Townsend emerges as PM Townsend emerges as PM

1767-Parliament passes the1767-Parliament passes the Townshend ActsTownshend Acts

Colonists objectColonists object ReasonsReasons

1768 British officials landed 2 1768 British officials landed 2 regiments of troops (700) in Boston regiments of troops (700) in Boston

Boston Massacre Boston Massacre

The Seditious Committees Of The Seditious Committees Of Correspondence Correspondence

Townsend Acts were a failure Townsend Acts were a failure RepealedRepealed Tea?Tea?

Sam AdamsSam Adams Organized the local Organized the local

Committees of Correspondence in Mass in Mass

Purposes?Purposes?

Sam Adams

Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

1773-British East India 1773-British East India Company had a big Company had a big problemproblem What was it?What was it? How did Parliament try to How did Parliament try to

remedy it?remedy it? Why was Parliament so Why was Parliament so

motivated to fix the problem?motivated to fix the problem?

Tea Act 1773Tea Act 1773

Britain gave BEIC a complete Britain gave BEIC a complete monopoly on the American tea monopoly on the American tea business. business.

Consequences:Consequences: Able to sell tea more cheaply than Able to sell tea more cheaply than

the smuggled teathe smuggled tea Cuts out the American middle-manCuts out the American middle-man Angers colonists. Americans see as Angers colonists. Americans see as

a trick to make the tax palatable.a trick to make the tax palatable.

Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

None of the tea cargo of the Company reached None of the tea cargo of the Company reached its destinationits destination.. Maryland Maryland South CarolinaSouth Carolina BostonBoston ——

• Dec. 16, 1773. Dec. 16, 1773. • 342 chests of tea smashed and dumped the tea into Boston 342 chests of tea smashed and dumped the tea into Boston

harbor. harbor. • Boston Tea partyBoston Tea party

Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

Response to Boston Tea PartyResponse to Boston Tea Party

Reactions of publicReactions of public Reaction of ParliamentReaction of Parliament Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts

Boston Port Boston Port Mass. Government Act Mass. Government Act Quartering Act Quartering Act Admin. of Justice ActAdmin. of Justice Act

Quebec Act - 1774 Quebec Act - 1774

NotNot part of the Intolerable Acts. But part of the Intolerable Acts. But passed at the same time. passed at the same time.

What did it say?What did it say? Colonists believed it was “intolerable” and Colonists believed it was “intolerable” and

designed to punish them. designed to punish them. Why?Why?

QuebQuebec ec BeforBefore and e and After After 17741774

The Continental Congress And The Continental Congress And BloodshedBloodshed

First Continental CongressFirst Continental Congress 17741774 PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia Reasoning?Reasoning?

12 Colonies12 Colonies 55 Delegates55 Delegates Drew up a Declaration of RightsDrew up a Declaration of Rights

The Continental Congress And The Continental Congress And BloodshedBloodshed Expressed loyalty to BritainExpressed loyalty to Britain Demanded repeal of Demanded repeal of allall British British

laws taxing colonistslaws taxing colonists Banned all trade with BritainBanned all trade with Britain Organized Continental Organized Continental

Association to enforce the banAssociation to enforce the ban Nonimportation, nonexportation, Nonimportation, nonexportation,

nonconsumptionnonconsumption

Advised each colony to form a Advised each colony to form a militiamilitia

Pledged to meet again if Pledged to meet again if demands were not metdemands were not met

Lexington and ConcordLexington and Concord

Sam AdamsSam Adams John HancockJohn Hancock Paul ReverePaul Revere Shot Heard Shot Heard

Round the Round the WorldWorld

LexingtonLexington

Strengths and WeaknessesStrengths and Weaknesses

British StrengthsBritish Strengths British WeaknessesBritish Weaknesses American StrengthsAmerican Strengths American American

WeaknessesWeaknesses