the rise of political parties & the xyz affair
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The Rise of Political Parties & the XYZ Affair. Presentation created by Robert Martinez Primary Source: America’s History (Henretta, Brody, Dumenil). Images as cited. The appearance of Federalists and Republicans marked a new stage in American politics, the rise of the First Party System. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Rise of Political Parties& the XYZ Affair
Presentation created by Robert MartinezPrimary Source: America’s History (Henretta, Brody, Dumenil).Images as cited.
The appearance of Federalists and Republicans marked a new stage in
American politics, the rise of the First Party System.
www.encyclopedia.com
Although colonial legislatures had often divided temporarily into
factions based on family, ethnicity, or region, they did not form organized political parties.
faculty.polytechnic.org
The new state and national constitutions made no provision for political parties. In
fact, most Americans thought parties unnecessary and even dangerous to the
government.
Following classical republican principles, American leaders maintained that voters and
legislators should act independently in the interest of the public as a
whole.
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Still the conflict in the 1790s over fiscal policies divided America’s
legislators, and popular sovereignty, which drew average citizens into
politics, fueled the division.
Most merchants, creditors, and urban artisans supported Federalist
policies, as did wheat-exporting slaveholders.
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The emerging Republican coalition was more diverse. It included southern tobacco and rice planters, western
farmers, Germans and Scots-Irish in the southern backcountry and subsistence
farmers in the Northeast.
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Party identity crystallized in 1796. To prepare for the presidential election, Federalist and Republican leaders
called in the states to discuss policies and nominate candidates.
potus-geeks.livejournal.com
Federalist candidates triumphed in the national elections of 1796,
winning a majority in Congress and electing John Adams to the
presidency.
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Adams continued Hamilton’s pro-British foreign policy and reacted sharply to seizures of American
merchant ships by the French navy.
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When the French foreign minister Talleyrand solicited a loan and a bribe from American diplomats to stop the
seizures, Adams charged that Talleyrand’s agents, whom he dubbed
X,Y, and Z, had insulted America’s honor.
Talleyrandapushbible.com
Responding to the XYZ Affair, the Federalist controlled Congress cut off trade with France in 1798 and
authorized American privateers to seize French ships.
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The party conflict that had begun over Hamilton’s financial policies now extended to foreign affairs.
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