“The Rise of Dictators in Asia”

Background: The Chinese Republic

A. February 1912: last Qing emperor abdicates the throneOutcome: Republic of China formed1. Kuomintang- Chinese nationalist party2. led by Sun Yixian

B. Chiang Kai-shek- military commander who takes over leadership of Nationalists in 1925

1. establishes Nationalist govt. w/ him as dictator2. Purge of 1927: eliminate Communists within China3. attempts to industrialize ChinaProblem: does not eliminate suffering of Chinese peasants

C. Mao Zedong- becomes leader of Chinese Communists during the “Long March”

1. advocated land reform & tax reform = gained peasant support - peasants joined Communists

- many join Red Army (Communist Army)- wrote his communist idea in “Little Red Book”

Background: The Empire of JapanA. Meiji Restoration turns Japan into industrial & military power

Positive Effects: 1. growth of cities & population 2. higher standard of living 3. Westernization of Japan

Negative Effects: 1. lack raw materials/resources 2. foreign tariffs 3. traditional values questioned

B. Japanese military officers hold great power in Japan

1. Hidecki Tojo: leader of the Japanese military who wants Japan to militarize

2. Emperor Hirohito: leader of Japan who supports militarism and traditional values in Japan

Result: - militaristic govt. influences social, political, & economic

life

Japanese Belief: Japan should become independent of Western influence and the West should stay out of Asia

Japan seizes Manchuria Japan seizes Manchuria

- September 1931: Japanese army seizes Manchuria, China- League of Nations condemns the aggression (cannot enforce) Result: Japan withdraws from League of Nations

Japan Invades ChinaJapan Invades China

- July 7, 1937: Japanese army attacks N. China- Conquer Beijing, Nanjing (capital), & most of north China

Japan Bombs Pearl HarborJapan Bombs Pearl Harbor

December 7, 1941: Japan attacks U.S. Navy Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Japanese Kamikaze Planes:

Japanese Kamikaze Planes:

Kamikaze Pilots

Suicide Bombers

Farthest Extent of Japanese Conquests

Farthest Extent of Japanese Conquests

Allied OffensiveAllied Offensive

Options to End the War Options to End the War

Option 1: Land Invasion

Option 2: Drop the Atomic Bomb

Pros: - less civilian loss of lifeCons: - massive amount of Allied casualties - war will take longer to end - requires largest invasion force ever

Pros: - less American casualties - quicker end to the warCons:- catastrophic loss of Japanese civilian life

Hiroshima – August 6, 1945Hiroshima – August 6, 1945

© 70,000 killed immediately.

© 48,000 buildings. destroyed.

© 100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

But………….

Japan does not surrender……………

Nagasaki – August 9, 1945Nagasaki – August 9, 1945

© 40,000 killed immediately.

© 60,000 injured.© 100,000s died of

radiation poisoning& cancer later.

This time………….

Japan SurrendersJapan Surrenders

Chinese Civil War:1945 to 1950

Chinese Nationalists Chinese Communists led by Chiang Kai-shek led by Mao Zedong

Outcome: Mao Zedong and the Communists winResult: China becomes a Communist nation!