the rights and duties of those who enter the lands of non-muslims in a covenant and security

7/25/2019 The Rights and Duties of Those Who Enter the Lands of Non-Muslims In a Covenant and Security

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The Rights and Duties of Those WhoEnter the Lands of Non-Muslims

In a Covenant and Security

!dulmonem Mustafa "alimah

!u #aseer ltartousi


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In the Name of llah$Most %racious$ Most Merciful

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C&NTENTS

'reface (Cha)ter &ne * Introductions * First Introduction * Second Introduction + Third introduction ,, Fourth Introduction ,Cha)ter T.o / What Ma0es the 'ro)erty and #lood of an

1n!eliever 2ighter 'rotected/

A) The Protection of Faith / B) The Protection of a Covenant and/or Peace

Treaty/+

Cha)ter Three (* The Characteristics of a Covenant that 2ulfils

'rotection(*

Cha)ter 2our 34 Clarifying the Ruling and the DeducedConclusion

34

Cha)ter 2ive *4 What Nullifies a Covenant and a Security *4

A-) What nullifies the covenant and security of a Musli in the lands of !on-Musli s

*4

B) What nullifies the covenant and security of an un"eliever #hile he is in the lands of Musli s

*(

Cha)ter Si5 *6 The Sacredness of the #lood and 'ossessions of

a Non-Muslim Tourist in the Lands of Muslims*6

$-The e%tent "y #hich the security is &ranted toan 'n"eliever enterin& the lands of Musli s

*6

2- Who is entitled to esta"lish a securitycovenant fro the Musli Co unity(' ah

6/

*- The +ulin& of Treatin& a !on-Musli Touristin the ,ands of Musli s

6

Cha)ter Seven *Discussing the 'roofs and Misconce)tion.hich those &))osing us "ave

*

%lossary of ra!ic Terms 477'RE2 CE

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In the Name of llah$ Most %racious$ Most Merciful8

All raise is for Allah. We raise i ( see0 is assistance andas0 for is for&iveness. We see0 refu&e in Allah fro the evils#ithin our souls and those of our deeds. Who ever Allah&uides( there is none #ho can is&uide hi 1 and #ho ever Allah is&uides there is none #ho can &uide hi .

I "ear #itness that there is no &od "ut Allah Alone1 and I "ear #itness that Moha ad is is servant and Messen&er( eaceand "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi .

h( Allah( ,ord of 34i"reel5 6a"riel( Michael( and Israfeel(Creator of the eavens and the 7arth( 8no#led&ea"le of the'nseen. 9ou #ill :ud&e "et#een your slaves on the ;ay of 4ud&e ent re&ardin& the thin&s a"out #hich they differed(&uide us to the +i&ht( verily 9ou &uide #ho soever 9ou #antto the strai&ht #ay.

First( a &reat nu "er of Musli s -"oth those livin& in the Westas and others- #ho enter the lands of non-Musli s ina covenant( do not really 0no# #hat ri&hts Sharia ,a# &ivesthe and #hat res onsi"ilities it assi&ns to the . Therefore(#e see so e of the "ehavin& in a false #ay -#hich is notcondoned or acce ted "y Isla - #hich ay "adly affect their fello# Musli s livin& in the West( as #ell as the re utation of this &reat reli&ion( #hether they 0no# it or not?

And #hat a0es this atter #orse is that those #ron&doers>i&norance a"out the teachin&s( rulin&s and @ ur oses andintentions of Isla a0es the co it such acts in the na eof Isla and under the i ression of holdin& fast to Isla (#hile Isla has nothin& to do #ith such irres onsi"le acts?

Therefore( I have found yself "ound to #rite this "oo0 in a "rief and concise anner to a0e it easier for those #illin& totranslate it into other lan&ua&es( so that any eo le #ould "ea"le to "enefit fro it. It is i ortant to oint out that this te%thas "een ta0en fro the ori&inal Ara"ic version of y "oo0 #ritten on / D/$ 2 / $D/ E/$ .


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It is #orth entionin& that Ara"ic has different &ender endin&sfor ale and fe ale in sin&ular( dual and lural cases.o#ever( any Sharia essa&e entioned in the Sunnah of thePro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) and theolly Huran is eant to "e addressin& "oth en and #o enunless #here it s ecified that the eassa&e is eant to addressen only or vice versa.

I #ould li0e to than0 the translators #ithout #hose hi&hlya reciated efforts this 7n&lish version of y Ara"ic "oo0 #ould not have "een ade availa"le for 7n&lish,an&ua&e s ea0ers and I as0 Allah the Al i&hty to re#ardthe for their &ood deed. $

I as0 Allah to acce t this "oo0( &uide e( a0e this "oo0 afacilitator of +i&ht and an o"stacle in the face of Falsehood(and to a0e it a reason for &uidin& those #ho are i&noranta"out this to ic( a en.

@I only desire Gyour) "etter ent to the "est of y o#er1 and y success Gin y tas0) can only co efro Allah. In i I trust( and unto i I turn.3S.$$( A.( EE5.2

And ay eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e on Muha ad( theunlettered Messen&er( his fa ily( and his Co anions.

Trasnslated as of 2riday$ / rd )ril ,77+8

9 Shei0h !u #aseer ltartousi

C" 'TER &NE

$It is unfeasi"le for the translation to fully ca ture the Ara"ic te%t.Therefore( if the reader is concerned a"out anythin& in y "oo0 and#ishes to contact e( they ust do so #ith reference to the ori&inalAra"ic version.2 It is i otant to oint out that the translators of this "oo0 have ado tedA"dullah 9ousef Ali>s Transaltion of the Meanin& of the Huran as their ain refernce.

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INTR&D1CTI&NS

As a reface to this "oo0( #e should ention so e i ortantintroductions -#hich any eo le are o"livious of- that ayhel the reader understand the ur ose and o":ective of this

"oo0

2IRST INTR&D1CTI&N

The necessity of holding fast to the good morals that Islamordains

Be a#are that Isla ca e to ordain the &reatest and "est of orals( and to annihilate all "ad orals. This #as covered in a#ide ran&e of Sharia te%ts( #hich ur&e this and a0e it clear.Allah the Al i&hty( for e%a le( says descri"in& is Pro hetMoha ad G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi )

@And surely you have su"li e orals. 3S.JE( A.( 5.

In the adeeth( Anas G ay Allah "e leased #ith hi ) said@The Messen&er of Allah G .".".u.h) #as the "est a on&

eo le in his &ood orals . 3Bu0hari K Musli 5

Anna##as "in Sa >an G ay Allah "e leased #ith hi )said @I as0ed the Messen&er of Allah G .".".u.h) a"outLirtue and Lice. The Messen&er of Allah G .".".u.h)ans#ered @Lirtue is &ood orals1 and1 Lice is #hat ran0lesin your heart and you hate that eo le #ould co e to 0no#of . 3Musli 5

A"dullah "in A r "in AlAas G ay Allah "e leased #ith "othof the ) re orted that the Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) #as never o"scene in his s eech or action . The Proh et G .".".u.h) used to say The "est a on&you are those #ith &ood orals 8: 3Bu0hari K Musli 5

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @There is nothin& heavier than &ood orals ut on thescale of a "eliever on the ;ay of 4ud& ent and Allah deteststhe one #ho is o"scene and foul in his s eech or action.3Tir idhi( asan K Sahih5

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A"u urairah G ay Allah "e leased #ith hi ) re orted thatthe Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) #asas0ed a"out the thin&s that #ould &et eo le to enter Paradisethe ost. e ans#ered( @Allah fearin& and &ood orals 1 and1he #as as0ed a"out the thin&s that #ould &et eo le to enter ell-fire the ost. e ans#ered( @The outh and the

&enitals . 3Tir idhi( asan K Sahih5

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @The ones #hose faith is #hole and co lete a on& the

"elievers are those #ho have the "est orals . 3Tir idhi( asan KSahih5

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @By his or her &ood orals( a "eliever #ill attain thestatus of one #ho fasts durin& the day and rays durin& theni&ht . 3Sahih Sunan A"i ;a#ood !o. $*5

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @I &uarantee a house in the u er art of Paradise for #hoever "etters his or her orals . 3Sahih Sunan A"i ;a#ood5

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @A on& the dearest and closest to e on the ;ay of 4ud& ent are those #ho have the "est of orals and the ostdetested and furthest fro e on the ;ay of 4ud& ent are the chatterers( Gto announceso ethin& in a "oastful( "ra&&in&( loud- outhed anner)( and They said > Messen&er of AllahG .".".u.h)( #e no# 0no# #ho the chatterersand the "oasters are ( "ut #e don>t 0no##ho are e then said @they are those #hotal0 in a ver"ose anner "ecause of their arro&ance. 3Tir idhi(adeeth asan 5

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @I have "een sent to co lete the &ood orals . Inanother narration( he said @Allah has sent e #ith the "est of &ood orals and the "est of &ood actions . 34a i> Al-'sool / 5

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @The "est a on& you in Isla are those #ith the "est

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orals rovided that they understand reli&ious 0no#led&e.3Sahih Al-Adab al-Mufrad, 223 5

'sa a "in Sharee0 re orted that #hile he #as sittin& at the

Pro het>s G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) any eo le of Ara" tri"es fro different laces ca e to see to hiand as0ed hi ( @ Messen&er of Allah( #hat is the "est thin&&iven to an e ans#ered @6ood orals . 3Sahih Al-Adab al-

Mufrad i( 2235

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @A "eliever is not a slanderer( a curser( o"scene or foul inhis s eech or action . 3Sahih Al-Adab al-Mufrad ( 237 5

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @7%cessive cursers #ill "e neither #intnesses nor intercessors on the ;ay of 4ud& ent . 3Sahih Al-Adab al-Mufrad, 240 5

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @The dearest of Allah>s slaves to Allah are those #ith the

"est orals . 3As-Silsila Sahiha( *25

It #as re orted that A"dallah "in Masoud said @ "scenity isthe eanest of a "eliever>s orals .

It #as also re orted that A"dullah "in A r said @If you ossess the follo#in& four characteristics( you shouldn>t #orrya"out #hat i&ht "e 0e t a#ay fro you in this #orld as this#ouldn>t har you havin& a sound hysiNue( a0in& ala#ful &ain( deliverin& a true s eech( and u holdin& ade osition in trust 3Sahih Al-Ada" al-Mufrad( 22$5

A"dullah "in al-Mu"ara0 e% lained @&ood orals as havin& aha y cheerful face( doin& #hat is &ood and ri&ht andre ovin& har .

Indeed to ention all the Sharia te%ts in Isla #hich hi&hli&htthe i ortance of havin& and encoura&eMusli s to develo the is "eyond the sco e of this "oo0.The ur ose of entionin& this nu "er of verses fro theoly Huran and adeeths fro the !o"le Sunnah of the

Pro het Muha ad G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u onhi ) is to re ind ourselves and others of the si&nificance of havin& in Isla ( and that those #ith the

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orals> of this reli&ion #ould "e raised in the eavens andthe 7arth.We also #ant to hi&hli&ht the ur&ent need -es ecially in thisa&e #here eo les and nations are havin& an ethical crisis( if not an a"sence of ethics alto&ether- for us Musli s to honestlylive u to the level of the hi&h orality of our &reat reli&ionso that others ay see the true i a&e of Isla #hich Allah#ants. It is the i a&e that attracts and invites eo le to Islaand not that #hich drives the a#ay fro it. Therefore( those#ho have ta0en it u on the selves to invite eo le to "elievein Allah the Al i&hty and those in the leadershi of Isla ic&rou s should all "e on a hi&h level of &ood orality and

"ehaviour.

It is unfortunate that only fe# eo le in the West read a"outIsla i artially and fro authentic sources. Therefore the0no#led&e of the rest of the a"out Isla is actually "ased on#hat they see Musli s livin& #ith the act and "ehave li0e. If they see you -as a Musli - act in a &ood anner( they #oulddra# a ositive i a&e a"out you and your reli&ion and thisi&ht "e a reason for so e of the to e "race Allah>s

reli&ion. But if you act other#ise( they #ould dra# a ne&ativei a&e a"out you and your reli&ion( and you #ould "e a reasonfor reventin& and drivin& the a#ay fro e "racin& Isla (#hehter you 0no# it or not?

T"E SEC&ND INTR&D1CTI&N The necessity of fulfilling covenants and contracts$ andsho.ing that !etraying is ;haram< strictly )rohi!ited8

The essence of fulfillin& covenants and contracts and theeanin& of non-"etrayal have "een confused and distorted inthe inds of any eo le. This is "ecause these conce ts have

"een restricted to an inadeNuate i le entation( #hich inturn( have driven those eo le to underesti ate the sanctity of covenants( contracts( and s#orn sole n oaths. This a0esthe as #ell see it as Gi.e. la#ful) to "etray - for trivialreasons- the covenants they a0e. 'nfortunately a an>s #ordis "eco in& no lon&er "indin& for en. 9ou #ould see( for instance( so eone #ho a ears to "e a ractisin& Musli (a&reein& #ith you on a covenant in the ornin& only to violateit after a fe# hours in the evenin&?

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As a result( eo le>s consciences have "eco e oor1 trust(loyalty and inte&rity a on& eo le have "een lost1 and thenu "er of honest and trust#orthy eo le has tre endouslydecreased. By contrast( lyin&( "etrayal and disloyalty #hatu&ly characteristics they are- have "eco e #ides read andco on to the e%tent that they are considered -"y any- assi&ns of cleverness( shre#dness( and #orst of all anhood?

'nfortunately these false conce tions have led a &rou of eo le to violate and e%tort other eo le>s ri&hts( oney( andother sacred thin&s. This ha ens not only "et#een a Musliand a !on-Musli "ut also "et#een a Musli and another Musli .

Therefore( it is necessary to a0e it clear and re ind Musli sof the ara ount i ortance of fulfillin& covenants andcontracts in Isla . It is also of a ara ount si&nificance toention that s sayin& < fulfil (all) obligations that Ibn A""as(Mu:ahid( and any others said that < obligations eans. In addition( I"n 4areer conveyed theIsla ic scholars> consensus on that #hen he said(

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Al-Hurtu"i said in his Tafseer L.$ ( P.$J @Allah>s sayin&fulfil the !o"enant of Allah is a &eneral state ent #hich

includes all that can "e covenanted orally and "e "indin& suchas acts of erchandisin&( contracts( and any other a&ree entsade in accordance #ith the teachin&s of Isla .

Allah GSW) says@!or sell the Covenant of Allah for aisera"le rice1 for #ith Allah is Ga ri=e) far

"etter for you( if you only 0ne#. [S.16, A.,95].

Al-Hurtu"i said in his Tafseer( $ /$O* of Allah>s sayin& #$or sell the !o"enant of Allah for a miserable %ri&e that Allah is rohi"itin& ta0in& "ri"ery and ta0in& oney for violatin&covenants. This eans @;o not violate your covenants for a#orldly little &ain .

Allah GSW) also says(@And fulfil Gevery) en&a&e ent( for everyen&a&e ent #ill "e enNuired into Gon the ;ayof 4ud&e ent. [S.17, A.,34]

I"n 8atheer said in his Tafseer @Allah>s sayin& < 'ulfil e"erengagement is #hat you a&ree on #ith one another and thecontracts you use #ith one another "ecause everyone #ho isinvolved in covenants and contracts #ill "e enNuired into#hether they have fulfilled the or not.

Al-Hurtu"i said in his Tafseer( @It is said that the covenant #ill "e Nuestioned in order to re ri and its violator. So( he/she#ill "e told @9ou violated e? in the sa e anner as thefe ale infant "uried alive Nuestions the ones #ho "uried her alive.

#etraying and violating a covenant are characteristics of hy)ocrites and non-!elievers8

Allah GSW) says(@Those #ho "rea0 AllahQs Covenant after it isratified( and sunder #hat Allah has ordered to

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"e :oined( and do ischief on earth( these causeloss Gonly) to the selves. [S.2, A. 27]

I"n 8atheer said in Tafseer( @these entioned a"ove are thecharacteristics of the non-"elievers( #hich aredifferent fro those of the "elievers.

And in another narration "y Mus>a" "in Saad "in A"i WaNNas(he said( @I as0ed y father a"out #hat #as eant in this holyverse( and he ans#ered( @These are the 8ha#ari:?

Allah GSW) also says@Is it not Gthe case) that every ti e they a0e aCovenant( so e arty a on& the thro# itaside !ay? Most of the are faithless. [S.2, A.100]

Al-Hurtu"i said in Tafseer Ataa said( @These are thecovenants that #ere a&reed u on "et#een Pro het Muha adG eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) "e u on hi 5 andthe 4e#s( #ho violated the ( li0e those of Huraidha and

!adhr.

Allah GSW) also says@For the #orst of "easts in the si&ht of Allah arethose #ho re:ect i they #ill not "elieve.They are those #ith #ho you did a0e aconvenant( "ut they "rea0 their covenant everyti e( and they have not the fear Gof Allah) . [S.8,

A.., 55-56]

I"n 8atheer said in Tafseer @Allah says that the #orst a on&those #ho are livin& on this earth are the non-"elievers #ho

al#ays violate their covenants and "rea0 their s#orn oaths?

Allah GSW) says@And those #ho "rea0 the Covenant of Allah(after havin& li&hted their #ord thereto( and cutasunder those thin&s #hich Allah hasco anded to "e :oined( and #or0 ischief inthe land1 - on the is the Curse1 for the is theterri"le o e? [S.13, A. 25]

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Al Hurtu"i says in Tafseer( @Saad "in A"i WaNNas said( @Is#ear "y Allah the ne and nly 6od( the ones eant in thisverse are the 8ha#ari: . e eans the 8ha#ari: #ho #ere0no#n as violaters and "rea0ers of their covenants and oathsand "y #hat they #ould cause of corru tion in the 7arth.

I"n 8atheer said in Tafseer @This is the state of the isera"leand the #retched and #hat Allah has in store for the in theereafter( on contrary to #hat the Believers #ill "e havin& inthe ereafter. This has also "een confir ed in the follo#in&adeeth @The si&ns of "ein& a hy ocrite are three #hen hetal0s( he lies1 #hen he ro ises( he does not fulfill his ro is1and #hen he is entrusted #ith so ethin&( he "etrays it . Inanother narration( the adeeth reads li0e( @#hen he enters intoa covenant( he violates it( and #hen he is Nuarrels #ithso eone( he &oes to the e%tre e end of alice . That is #hyAllah GSW) says s ercy( and liah said in e% lainin& Allah>s sayin& < And those hobrea* the !o"enant of Allah, # they are si% traits in thehy ocrites #hich they #ould "arefacedly sho# #hen they&ain the u er hand over Musli s1 and these are #hen theytal0( they lie1 #hen they ro ise( they do not fulfill their

ro ise1 #hen they are entrusted( they "rea0 and violate thecovenant of Allah after a&reein& to it1 they sever #hat Allahordered to "e :oined1 they corru t in the land. Whereas( #henthe Musli s &ain the u er hand over the ( they thehy ocrites #ill only sho# the three traits of lyin&( "rea0in&their ro ises( and "etrayin& their covenants.

It #as re orted that the Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) said e #ho has &ot the follo#in& four Characteristics is a true hy ocrite( and he #ho has &ot onlyone of the he has &ot only one characteristic of hy ocrisyuntil he &ives it u If he is entrusted( he "etrays the trust. If he s ea0s( he lies. If he a0es a covenant( he rovestreacherous. If he Nuarrels( he "ehaves in a very i rudent(evil( and insultin& anner. 3Sahih Bu0hari5

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Anyone #ho has these characteristics and is 0no#n "y the isin dan&er of endin& u in hy ocrisy #hich #ouldoust hi /her "eyond the ale of Isla ( 6od ford"id?

Al-8hatta"i said @This i lied a #arnin& in the hadeeth thata Musli should not &et used to any of these a"horrentcharacteristics lest he/she ay end u "ein& a true hy ocrite.

Since "rea0in& vo#s and violatin& covenants is adistin&uishin& Nuality of hy ocrites and un"eleivers( "ycontrast "elievers are 0no#n "y fulfillin& their covenants#hen they a0e any( as Allah GSW) descri"es the in thefollo#in& Lerse

@It is not ri&hteousness that you turn your facesto#ards 7ast or West1 "ut it is ri&hteousness- to

"elieve in Allah and the ,ast ;ay( and theAn&els( and the Boo0( and the Messen&ers1 tos end of your su"stance( out of love for i (for your 0in( for or hans( for the needy( for the#ayfarer( and for those #ho as0( and for theranso of slaves1 to "e steadfast in rayer( andto &ive Ra0at( to fulfil the contracts #hich youhave ade1 and to "e fir and atient in ainGor sufferin&) and adversity( and thou&hout all

eriods of anic. Such are the eo le of truth(the 6od-fearin& . 3S.2( A. $OO5

I say( those #ho ossess these characteristics includin& thoseho fulfil the &ontra&ts hi&h the ha"e made are indeed

sincere in their faith and < the are +od-fearing

Al-Hurtu"i said in Tafseer @


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I"n 8atheer said in Tafseer @They are not li0e the hy ocrites#hen any one of the enters into a covenant( they "etray it( if they Nuarrel they act i orally( if they tal0 they lie and if theyare entrusted #ith so ethin& they "etray the trust.

Allah says@And those #ho res ect their trusts andcovenants . [S.70, A.32]

I"n 8atheer said in Tafseer @that is( #hen they are entrusted(they do not "etray1 and #hen they a0e covenants( they donot violate the . Surely( these are the characteristics of Believers the o osite of #hich are those of the Believers .

The em)hasis of Sunnah on the necessity of fulfillingcovenants and the unla.fulness of !rea0ing them

'nder the cate&ory of @Conditions in Isla ( Al-Bu0harire orted in his Sahih that( @When the Pro het G .".".u.h) adea treaty #ith Suhail "in A r1 the latter sti ulated If anyonefro us Gi.e. infidels) ever co es to you( thou&h he hase "raced your reli&ion( you should return hi to us( andshould not interfere "et#een us and hi . The "elieversdisli0ed this condition( &ot dis&usted #ith it( and ar&ued a"outit. As Suhail refused to conclude the truce #ith AllahQsMessen&er G .".".u.h) #ithout that condition( AllahQsMessen&er G .".".u.h) acce ted and concluded it. Accordin&ly(AllahQs Messen&er then returned A"u 4andal "in Suhail to hisfather( Suhail "in QA r( and returned every an co in& to hifro the durin& that eriod even if he #as a Musli . ThePro het G .".".u.h) only did that "ecause he #as co ittedand loyal to the treaty he si&ned #ith the un"elievers( and

"ecause he did not #ant eo le to say that "etrayal is anas ect of Muha ad>s reli&ion G eace and "lessin&s of Allah

"e u on hi )

In another narration in the Sahih it #as re orted that Suhailsaid We also sti ulate that you should return to us #hoever co es to you fro us( even if he e "raced your reli&ion. TheMusli s then said


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"in QA r ca e fro the valley of Ma00ah sta&&erin& #ith hisfetters and fell do#n a on&st the Musli s. Suhail then said(

Muha ad? This is the very first ter #ith #hich #ea0e eace #ith you( i.e. you shall return A"u 4andal to e.A"u 4andal said( Musli s? Will I "e returned to a&ansthou&h I have co e as a Musli ;onQt you see ho# uchsufferin& they have "een inflicted u on e A"u 4andal had

"een tortured severely in the Cause of Allah.

I"n a:ar said in Al-Fatih( Lolu e D( and Pa&e. O that I"nIsaac added that The Pro het of Allah G .".".u.h) said to A"u4andal @ h A"u 4andal? Be atient. We do not violate our covenants. Indeed Allah is &oin& to &rant you a #ay out of thisdifficulty .

I say thin0 a"out ho# the Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) referred returnin& A"u 4andal-#ith #hatthey ay inflict on hi of torture- to the infidels rather than

"reachin& the treaty he had concluded #ith the . This canonly hi&hli&ht the ara ount i ortance that Isla has &ivento the state of loyalty to covenants( and the e%tre eunla#fulness of "rea0in& the ( even thou&h this ay lead toso e infliction u on so e of the Musli s.

Si ilarly it #as re orted in Sahih that the Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) ordered A"a Baseer to &o "ac0 to Huraish( and "e handed over to the t#o infidels #hohad co e to return hi . All of this #as done "y the Pro hetG .".".u.h) as an act of "ein& loyal to the covenant and treatyhe had si&ned #ith the infidles of Huraish in udai"yah.

I"n a:ar said in Fatih( L.D( and P. $$ @In I"n Isaac>snarration( the Pro het G .".".u.h) said @ h A"a Baseer( youalready 0no# a"out the eace treaty #e have si&ned #ith these

eo le. And indeed( #e do not "rea0 our covenants. Therefore(&o "ac0 to the . A"u Baseer then said The Pro hetG .".".u.h) then said @Be atient. Indeed Allah is &oin& to &etyou out of this difficult situation.

6lory "e to Allah? To such e%tent the sacredness of covenantsis o"served in our reli&ion? !o #onder( dear Musli reader(

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since it is the orality of Pro hethood #hich cannot "eatched. May eace and "lessin&s Allah "e u on our Pro hetand our e%a lar Muha ad( his fa ily and his co anions.Thus( reflect on this( you #ho consider it a ro riate to "rea0 s#orn oaths and covenants for a s all a ount of oneyo"tained unla#fully ?

I a Musli narrated in his Sahih that u=aifa "in al-9a ansaid @What revented e fro artici atin& in Badr Battle#as that the un"elievers of Huraish too0 us as A"i usail- yfather- and I #ere headin& to#ards Madinah. They as0ed usare you &oin& to :oin Muha ad G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) We ans#ered !o( #e don>t #ant to :oinforces #ith Muha ad G .".".u.h) and fi&ht for hi . When#e ca e to the Messen&er of Allah G .".".u.h) and told hithe ne#s( he said @stay a#ay fro us. We #ill 0ee your

ro ise and see0 Allah>s assistance a&ainst the .

+eflect on #hat had revented u=aifa G ay Allah "e leased#ith hi ) fro ta0in& art in Badr( the ost honoura"le and&reatest "attle that Musli s #ould ever fi&ht until thedoo sday. It #as the orders of Pro het Muha ad G .".".u.h)to the not to artici ate in the "attle "ecause he #anted the3 u=aifa and his father5 to fulfill the o"li&ations of thecovenants they ade #ith the infidels. Also( he( the Pro hetG .".".".u.h) did not #ant anythin& to s ear the re utation of the Isla ( "y &ivin& the infidels a reason to say thatMuha ad>s co anions do not fulfill their covenants?

I a !a#a#i in his Sharh 3of Saheeh Musli 5 volu e $2( a&e $ said @#hat can "e understood fro this incident isthe i ortance of fulfillin& one>s covenants. n another level(Isla ic scholars too0 different oints of vie# re&ardin& thecase of a Musli risoner of #ar ro isin& the infidels not toesca e. I a Shafii( I a A"u anifa( and 8ufa

:uris rudence school all said that this ro ise is not "indin&(and he should esca e once he is a"le to. I a Male0( on theother hand( said that this ro ise is "indin&.

I do not #ish to ta0e sides in this atter( "ut I :ust #anted toe hasise the value and sacredness of covenants in Isla souch that if a Musli risoner enters into a covenant #ith the

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infidels not to esca e fro the ( he should res ect hiscovenant #ith the . This co lies #ith I a Male0>s vie#.

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) saide #ho acts erfidiously in this #orld #ill have a "nner on

the ;ay of 4ud& ent on #hich his #ill "e #ritten3Bu0hari and Musli 5.

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @7very "etrayer #ill have a "anner on the ;ay of 4ud&e ent "y #hich he #ill "e 0no#n 3Bu0hari and Musli 5.

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) also

said @7very "etrayer #ill have a "anner fi%ed "ehind his "uttoc0s on the ;ay of 4ud&e ent. 3Musli 5 And in another narration in Sahih Musli ( the Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) said @7very "etrayer #ill have a "anner on the ;ay of 4ud&e ent. It #ill "e raised in ro ortion to thee%tent of his "etrayal. 3Musli 5

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @Whoever &ives rotection to a an and then 0ills hi 1 Ia free fro hi even if the urdered is an un"eliever. 3An-

!asai( I"n Ma:ah( and Ah ad( Silsila Sahiha, $o 5.

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @Whoever &ives rotection to a an and then 0ills hi (he #ill "e &iven a "etrayal "anner on the ;ay of 4ud& ent .3Silsila Sahiha( !o. 5.

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @If anyone 0ills a ahid> #ithout a :ust cause( Allah #ill revent hi froeven s ellin& the fra&rance of Paradise . 3Sahih Sunan an-!asai !o .225.

A"dullah "in ar G ay Allah "e leased #ith "oth of the )re orted that the Messen&er of Allah G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) said @ e #ho 0ills a non-Musli #ith#ho an a&ree ent or a treaty has "een ade #ill not sensethe s ell of Paradise( and no dou"t( its s ell can "e sensedfro a distance covered in forty years. GBu0hari)

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The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @ e #ho 0ills a ahid> "efore his ti e is due Gi.e the ti e #hen his rotection covenant e% ires( or #hen he is a&ain a fi&htin&un"eliever)( Allah #ill revent hi fro enterin& Paradise .3Sahih Sunan an-$asai, $o ( 225

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @If a an &ives another an an assurance of eace andthen 0ills hi ( he #ill "e &iven a "etrayal "anner on the ;ayof 4ud& ent . 3Al a0i ( Sahih Al:a e( !o*DO5

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) also

said @ n the ;ay of 4ud& ent( I #ill "e rotestin& a&ainstanyone #ho o resses a ahid> ( "elittles hi ( char&es hi to do thin&s "eyond hisa"ility( or e%torts anythin& fro hi . 3Sahih Sunan A"i ;a#u( !o. 2J2J5

What the Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi )eans "y @#ho o resses a u>ahid the follo#in& "oth

cases #hen a Musli in the land of non-Musli s and he is ona security covenant #ith non-Musli s of that land1 and1 #henhe is an un"eliever in the lands of the Musli s under asecurity covenant #ith the Musli s of that land. Therefore( letthose #ho thin0 of it as la#ful -"ecause of is&uidedo inions- to "reach the covenants #ith !on-Musli s in either case( let the "e careful unless they #ant to stand u o osed

"y the Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) onthe ;ay of 4ud& ent.

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @Be#are( it is not la#ful to eat the flesh of the fan&ed

"east of rey( or that of do estic asses. It is also unla#ful tota0e anythin& dro ed fro the ro erty of a ahid> >i.e. a

erson &uaranteed rotection>( e%ce t #hen he &ives it a#ay#illin&ly. 3Sahih Sunan A"i ;a#u( !o. *22 5

I say if it is unla#ful to ta0e an o":ect dro ed fro the ro erty of a ahid>( ho# a"out his rotected oney o#a"out his "lood and the rest of his sacred thin&s f course( itis ore unla#ful to trans&ress over?

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The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) said@+eturn #hat you have "een entrusted #ith to the one #hoentrusted you1 and1 do not "etray #ho "etrays you . 3A"u ;a#udand others( As-Silsila a-Sahih( !o. 2*5.

This hadeeth sho#s that a "ad deed is not to "e et "y another "ad deed( "ut rather "y a &ood deed. Allah GSW) says

@+e el evil #ith that #hich is "est. 3S.2*( A. J5.

Allah GSW) also says@!or can 6oodness and 7vil "e eNual. +e elG7vil) #ith #hat is "etter then #ill he "et#een#ho and you #as hatred "eco e as it #ere

your friend and inti ate? 3S. $( A.* 5

Since it is unla#ful to re ay the treason of so eone "yanother treason or a "etrayal "y another "etrayal( it is alsounla#ful to re ay "reachin& a covenant "y another "reachin&(re ayin& ro""ery "y another ro""ery( co ittin& adultery#ith the #o an-relatives of the adulterer( or urderin& thechildren of the urderer. +e ayin& a sin "y another sin in suchcases( under the clai of a lyin& the rule of an eye for aneye( is so ethin& that only an i&norant erson #ho has afee"le sense of reli&ion #ould do. This is a&ainst any of theSharia te%ts #hich dictate that a erson cannot "e "la ed for the #ron&doin& of another. Allah GSW) says

@7very soul dra#s the eed of its acts on none "ut itself no "earer of "urdens can "ear the "urden of another 3S.J( A.$J 5

ence the @an eye for an eye rule can not "e i le ented allthe ti e( as so e #ould thin01 it has so e s ecial cases to "ea lied in( and only accordin& to #hat the Sharia ,a# hasdictated.

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) said@There is no faith or reli&ion in the heart of he #ho is not loyalto his security or his covenants . 3Ah ad5. Actually( this isone of the severest #arnin&s a"out the conseNuences of

"reachin& the security and covenants in &eneral. That is "ecause and #ould not disa ear co letelyfro the heart of so eone e%ce t for a &rave #ron&doin&( or adeadly sin.

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I say if so eone is never loyal to his entrust ent and/or covenants( this one is neither a "eliever nor a Musli . Thefore entioned is to "e understood as it is( #hich eans thatthe co lete a"sence of loyalty to covenants leads to thea"sence of faith and reli&ion i.e. dis"elief( 6od for"id.

But in the case of so eone #ho is so eti es not loyal to hiscovenants( then the a ount and Nuality of #hich disa ears fro hi are relevant to the a ount of covenants he is not loyal to( and Allah 0no#s "est.

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) said@I do not "rea0 a covenant . 3Sahih Sunan A"i ;a#u( !o. 2* J5

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @ e #ho has entered into a covenant #ith so e eo le(he cannot chan&e it until it e% ires( or #hen he revo0es the#hole covenant to the . 3Sahih Sunan A"i ;a#u( !o. 2*5

To ention all the hadeeths in su ort of this to ic is "eyondthe sco e of this "oo0. Further ore( it suffices the one #ho issee0in& aNN 3the +i&ht5 to 0no# only one of the reviously-entioned hadeeths to a"ide "y aNN and hold fast to it. As aatter of fact( this is si ly #hat #e ho e this "oo0 #ill helacco lish. o#ever( for those #ho follo# their o#n desires(#ho have i&no"le orality( and #hose reli&ion and honestyhave #ea0ened( if #e "rou&ht the all the Sharia roofs in theHuran and Sunnah and the sayin&s of the ' ah>s scholars(they #ould not a0e use of the ( nor #ill they listen to theto "e&in #ith. These eo le follo# only #hat their desires and#hat their "ase and corru t oralities dictate the to do.

!o#( in "rief "reachin& the covenants and oaths is unla#ful( and its unla#fulness is hi&hly e hasised in Isla

"ecause it is one of the characteristics of un"elievers and thehy ocrites #ho #ill "e in the lo#est de ths of ell-Fire.Therefore( y advice to every Musli is to o"serve #here heor she stands in re&ards to the orality and &reatness of Allah>s reli&ion.

I also advise the to adhere to the ethics and orals of Pro het Muha ad G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on

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hi ) and those #ho follo#ed hi fro his Co anions andri&hteous earlier scholars "ecause #e #ere ordered to follo#their ste s and learn fro their orals rather than those #hoca e later #ho are lia"le to "e su":ected to trials and #hoseindifference and "ase orals have cri led the to "e u tothe hi&h orality and di&nity of this reli&ion. ,et us "ear inind that #e are livin& in a ti e that the Pro het G eace and

"lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) referred to as( @Peo le #ould "e doin& their daily affairs "ut hardly #ill there "e atrust#orthy erson. It #ill "e said( Qin such-and-suchco unity there is an honest an>. And later( it #ill also "esaid a"out so e an( QWhat a #ise( olite( and stron& an heis althou&h he #ill not have faith eNual even to a ustard seedin his heart. 3Bu0hari and Musli 5

We as0 Allah the Al i&hty to 0ee us steadfast to is reli&ion(to for&ive us( and to sustain our &ood health.

T"IRD INTR&D1CTI&N

Demonstrating the high morals of this religion regardingthe non-Muslims does not contradict .ith the creed tenetof ?Walaa= and ?#araa= in Islam8

'nfortunately( so e i&norant and a oral eo le #ouldsu ose that it &oes in line #ith the creed of to deal #ith un"elievers-even those in #hose covenantthey the selves have entered- in a re ulsive anner that ischaracterised "y har in& the ( cursin& the ( e%tortin& frothe ( cheatin& the ( and lyin& to the 1 and the list &oes on#ith such a"o ina"le acts. Accordin& to these eo le>s "i=arreunderstandin&( treatin& those un"elievers #ith orals other than these listed eans only one thin& #hich is co letely&ivin& @Walaa to these un"elievers?

I say this is a &rave ista0e that #as not done "y anyone of those #hose reli&ious co it ent is far fro "ein&Nuestioned? ;ealin& #ith un"elievers accordin& to theteachin&s and hi&h orals of this reli&ion is one thin&( andta0in& the as allies and hel in& the fi&ht the Isla andMusli s is another. And one of the does not necessarily leadto the other1 and here is a dee er analysis of this very thin& indetails

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Allah GSW) ordered that in case one of the un"elieversr as0sfor rotection and security so that he hears the Huran recitedand &ets the essa&e of in Isla

@If one a on&st the Pa&ans as0s you for asylu ( &rant it to hi so that he ay hear theWord of Allah1 and then escort hi to #here hecan "e secure ( that is "ecause they are en#ithout 0no#led&e.t [S.9, A.6]

I say( none of the Co anions G ay Allah "e leased #ith allof the ) thou&ht that there #as a contradiction "et#eenAllah>s order and the creed of and en ity #ith theun"elievers. They had in ind that the conce t of @4ee#ar( ie.Protection dictates 0indness( care( and rotection to "ee%tended to the one as0in& for @asylu until he &ets "ac0 tothe lace #here he ca e fro safe and sound.

Another e%a le #ould "e #hen Allah GSW) orders that&oodness and 0indness "e done to#ards non-"elievin& arentsand "ein& in &ood ter s #ith the #hen e says

@We have en:oined on an 0indness to arents "ut if they Geither of the ) strive to Gforce) youto :oin #ith Me Gin #orshi ) anythin& of #hichyou have no 0no#led&e( o"ey the not . [S.29,

A.8]

Allah GSW) also says@But if they strive to a0e you :oin in #orshi#ith Me thin&s of #hich you have no0no#led&e( o"ey the not1 yet "ear theco any in this life #ith :ustice Gandconsideration). [S.31, A.15]

I say the Co anions and their follo#ers did not understandfro this divine instruction that they should &et into ta0in&un"elievin& arents as inti ate friends? !o? For sure(

"ehavin& 0indly to one>s non-"elievin& arents and "ein& on&ood relations #ith the is one thin&( and o"eyin& the intheir


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As aa "int A"i Ba0r G ay Allah "e leased #ith her) said@My other ca e to see e #hile she #as still an un"eliever.I then inNuired #ith the Pro et G eace and "lessin&s of Allah

"e u on hi ) sayin& My other has co e to see ee% ectin& so ethin& fro e. May I o"li&e her e thenre lied @9es( "e 0ind to your other . 3A"u ;a#ood( SahihAlTar&hee"( !o. 2D 5

The Messen&er of Allah G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u onhi ) used to "e &ood( 0ind and &ive oney to those #ho #erestill on the ed&e "et#een Isla and

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en ity to Isla and the Pro het of Isla G .".".u.h)( he couldnot descri"e the Pro het G .".".u.h) #ith anythin& sha eful or re rehensi"le "ecause A"u 4ahl #ould have "een 0no#n inAra"ia as a liar?

When the Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi )said( @ e #ho 0ills a ahid> "efore his ti e is due Gi.e the ti e #hen his rotection covenant e% ires( or #hen he is a&ain a fi&htin&un"eliever)( Allah #ill revent hi fro enterin& Paradise (he #as not defendin& the un"elievers or the infidlesunreasona"ly( nor #as he in favour of the ersonally or their un"elief( 6od for"id? All he #as doin& #as :ust to sho#the hi&h orality of Isla ( and he also #anted to lant in theinds of his Co anions and follo#ers the sacredness of

"ein& loyal to covenants even #ith their o#n infidle ene ies?

Additionally( #hen the Messen&er eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) ordered A"a 4andal -a on& others #hoca e to hi as Musli converts fro Huraish durin&udai"yah truce- to return to the un"elievers of Huraish(

althou&h A"u 4andal #as sure to face torture and trial in hisreli&ion( the Pro het G .".".u.h) did not do that as a hel to theinfidels of Huraish( 6od for"id? e did that "ecause he #antedto a0e it very clear that "etrayin& the treaty he had #ith the#as unla#ful and that #e -Musli s- do not "reachour covenants.

Furtehr ore( #hen the Messen&er G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) said @Invite eo le to Isla ( &ivin& the&lad tidin&s rather than re ellin& the 3Sahih Musli 5( he eantto teach us the rinci les of &ood co unication and oraldialo&ue #hich should "e hi&h a"ove s#earin&( hy ocrisy( andaffectation( and #hich should "e u to the &reatness of thisreli&ion and #hich should attract eo le to and not re el thefro Isla .

As a atter of fact( #hoever thin0s a"out so e of the Asianand African countries( li0e Indonesia( Malaysia( and Ran=i"ar(a on& any others( and ho# their eo les e "raced Isla incro#ds( he #ill find out that the reason -after Allah>s&uidance- #as due to the 9e eni and ani Muslierchants #ho #ere in these lands and due to their hi&h

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orals #hich otivated illions of the natives to e "raceIsla ?

I a&ine if those Musli erchants had "een thieves andhi&h#ay en #ho ro""ed eo le and shed their "lood under the rete%t that they #ere infidels #hose "lood and oney#ere la#ful to ta0e( #ould anyone have entered Isla f course not?

At resent ti e( if you e%a ine the reason "ehind the enterin&of any 7uro eans in Isla -e%ceedin& illions( than0s toAllah-( you #ill find out that it has "een due to a &oode% erience one of the ( the 7uro eans ust have had #ithone of the Musli s. This 0ind of &ood e% eriences ust haveencoura&ed the to read and 0no# a"out Isla until Allah&uided the and ade the co rehend is reli&ion ande "race it.

Allah GSW) says@And had you "een severe or harshhearted( they#ould have "ro0en a#ay fro a"out you 3S.*(A.$D 5

This #as said referrin& to the Co anions of the Pro hetMuha ad G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ).Therefore( it could also "e the case #ith others and those #hocall eo le to Isla ? For Isla to revail( those #ho arecallin& to it and those "elievin& in it should all "e u to thehi&h level of the orals of Isla ( and should also have &oodorals as #as our e%e lar( aster( and Messen&er Muha ad G .".".u.h). Allah GSW) says descri"in& hi

@And surely( you have su"li e orals . 3S.JE( A. 5

When A"raha G eace "e u on hi ) -#ho also serves as a&reat e%a le for us- #as 0ind in callin& his father to "elievein Allah( he #as not an ally or a su orter of infidles( 6odfor"id? +ead the follo#in& verses fro the oly Huran andthin0 a"out #hat has "een said so far in this res ect( AllahSays

@GAlso) ention in the Boo0 Gthe story of)A"raha he #as a an of Truth( a Pro het.Behold( he said to his father @ y father?Why #orshi that #hich hears not and sees not(

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and can rofit you nothin& @ y father? Toe has co e 0no#led&e #hich has not reachedyou So follo# e I #ill &uide you to a Waythat is even and strai&ht. @ y father? Servenot Satan for Satan is a re"el a&ainst GAllah)Most 6racious. @ y father? I fear lest aChastise ent afflict you fro GAllah) Most6racious( so that you "eco e to Satan afriend. 3S.$ ( A. $- D5

We also have an e%a le in the Messen&er>s G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) 0indness and leniency incallin& his uncle( A"i Tale"( to "elieve in 6od1 "ut A"u Tale"

referred to die as an un"eliever?

Ther are so any e%a les in su ort of this very to ic that#e can ention only a fe#

Wen the Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi )ordered his

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return it to ;a ascus eo le "ecause he had ade a eacetreaty #ith the . What A"u '"eida did #as :ust "ein& loyal tothe treaty he si&ned #ith ;a ascus Christian eo le( even if this eant to lose a #hole city in the #ei&ht of ;a ascus?

Allah GSW) says@ you #ho "elieve? Stand out fir ly for Allah( as#itnesses to fair dealin&( and let not the hatred of othersto you a0e you s#erve to #ron& and de art fro

:ustice. Be :ust that is ne%t to iety and fear Allah for Allah is #ell-acNuinted #ith all that you do. 3S.D( A.E5

ence( adherin& to the ethics( orals and rinci les of Islais one thin&( and "ein& inti ate allies #ith the infidles andhel in& the fi&ht Musli s is another. !either of the "y anyeans does necessarily lead to the other. It is only those #hohave a lo# sense of orality and reli&ion #ho confuse theset#o.

It #as re orted that Muha ad "in al- anafiah said( @ e isnot #ise #hoever does not treat #ell those #ho he has todeal #ith. After that( Allah ay a0e hi a #ay out. 3SahihAlAda" AlMufrad( !o. JE25.

2&1RT" INTR&D1CTI&N c0no.ledging the favours and 0ind acts and than0ing.ho did them is an Islamic Sharia characteristic8

It is saddenin& to say that one of the "i=arre thin&s a"out thosei&norant eo le #ho are ill- annered and #ith "ad orals isthat so e of the find it difficult to ac0no#led&e favours or

"e than0ful for the ( if they #ere done on the art of a non- "eliever "ecause they thin0 that this &oes a&ainst the teachin&sof our reli&ion( and s ecifically the doctrine of ?

'nfortunately( this leads the to "ein& un&rateful for those#ho do the &ood turns. It also leads the to re ay &ooddeeds "y "ad ones( the "eneficence #ith insolence( and thesecurity and fidelity #ith treachery. What is #orse is that they#ould tell you after all of this that this < is %art of our religion (

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and #hoever does not do #hat they the selves do( is foolin&the seleves and is actually su ortin& the infidles?

!eedless to say( this is an outra&eous ista0e and a des ica"le "ehaviour #hich characterises only those #ho are i&no"le andill- natured. What follo#s is an ans#er to all of thesesic0enin& ar&u ents of theirs

Allah GSW) says@ you #ho "elieve? Stand out fir ly for Allah(as #itnesses to fair dealin&( and let not thehatred of others to you a0e you s#erve to#ron& and de art fro :ustice. Be :ust that isne%t to Piety and fear Allah. For Allah is #ell-acNuainted #ith all that you do. 3S.D( A.E5

I"n Al-4a#=i said in @ ad al-Maseer L.2( P. * J @Stand outfir ly for Allah as #itnesses for fair dealin&( and do not letyour o#n hatred of so e eo le a0e you "e un:ust. Be :ustand fair to close friends as #ell as to ene ies1 this #ill a0eyou nearer to iety and "ein& 6od-fearin& eo le.

I say it also &oes in line #ith :ustice and fairness -#hich #eare ordered to o"serve- to certify that #hen so eone -even if he #as an un"eliever- does a &ood deed #e say he has done&ood and #ell? And #hen he does so ethin& #ron& #e say hehas done #ron&.

It #as re orted in hadeeth Sahih that the Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) said @Testify that #henso eone does a &ood deed that he has done &ood and #ell1and #hen so eone does #ron& that he has done #ron&.#hoever this @so eone is( #hether a Musli or an infidle.9ou have to rovide your roof e%actly "ecause other thanthis( you #ill "e co ittin& the sin of #itnessin& falsehood#hich is a &rave sin that Isla has #arned a&ainst.

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) said@If so eone is &iven so ethin& and finds it re#arda"le( lethi do the re#ardin&. If not( let hi then raise it "ecauseco endin& is than0in& the doer and 0ee in& Nuiet a"out it is

"ein& un&rateful. 3At-Tir idhi and others. Sahih at-Tar&hee" #at-Tarhee"( !o.DE5.

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This eans that he #ho co ends - u"licly- another #hodoes favours is actually than0in& hi and re#ardin& hi 1#hereas( he #ho 0ee s silent and does not ac0no#led&e theone #ho does hi favours( he is actually denyin& the acts andis "ein& un&rateful.

In the Ara"ic te%t of the hadeeth( the #ord @denyin& ca e as@8afara . This &oes to sho# ho# &rave the sin of not than0in&

eo le for #hat they deserve is.

In another narration( the Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) said @If e to #ho a favour is done can onlyfind co endation to re ay it( he is actually re ayin& it1 "uthe #ho 0ee s silent a"out it is actually denyin& it and "ein&un&rateful. 3I"n a""an( Sahih at-.argheeb (!o. DE5

The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @ e #ho receives a &ood turn( should re#ard it. If hecannot( he should ention it 3a on& eo le5 "ecauseentionin& is "ein& &ratefull for it . 3Ah ad( Sahih at-Tar&hee"( !o. J25.This eans that the very act of entionin& the &ood turn to

eo le is actually ayin& the dues to#ards that favour.

In another narration( the Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) said @If a favour is done to so eone( thisso eone should ention it to others. If he entions it( he isthan0ful for it1 if he does not( he is "ein& un&rateful for it .3Ta"arani( Sahih at-Tar&hee"( !o. J 5

The Pro het of Allah G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u onhi ) also said @ e #ho is not than0ful for s all a ounts of &ood turns #ill not "e &rateful for "i&&er ones1 and1 he #hodoes not than0 eo le is actually not than0in& Allah. Tal0in&a"out Allah>s &races is considered as "ein& than0ful for the 1

"ut 0ee in& silent a"out Allah>s &races is "ein&un&rateful 3Sahih at-Tar&hee"( !o. JJ5. /

* I say than0in& eo le #ould "e in re#ardin& the for their favours "ydoin& the another favour in return or "y invo0in& Allah to sustain thetheir #elfare( or "y raisin& the one #ho has done the favour. The Pro hetG .".".u.h) said @if a favour is done to so eone( and then says to the doer of the favour( @ ay Allah re#ard you #ell ( he has truly than0ed hi in a&ood anner . o#ever( than0in& Allah GSW) #ill "e in a anner of #orshi . In this case( than0in& Allah should ta0e the for of a"idin& "y#hat e has ordered the slave in the thin&s he is than0in& i for( and to

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The Pro het G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) alsosaid @ e #ho does not than0 Allah does not than0 eo le.3Tir idhi and A"u ;a#ud( Sahih at-.argheeb, $o J*5.

While s ea0in& a"out the #ar risoners of Badr Battle( TheMessen&er G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) saidWere Al-Muti "in Adi alive and he interceded #ith e for these filthy eo le( I #ould definitely release the for hissa0e. 3Sahih Bu0hari5( notin& that Muti "in Adi died as anun"eliever1 "ut "ecause of the &ood turns he had done for thePro het G .".".u.h) #hile he #as retunin& fro AlTaif "y&ivin& hi rotection for a fe# days( the Pro het #anted tore#ard hi and "e &rateful to hi "y releasin& the risoners

of Badr Battle( if he had "een alive to as0 for the .

When the Pro het G .".".u.h) said that( he #as not acolla"orator #ith or li0in& the infidles( 6od for"id? e only#anted to teach his Musli ' ah the oral of "ein&&rateful( and ho# &ood turns should "e et "y &ood turns( not

"y treachery( rudeness( or in&ratitude.

Another e%a le is #hen the Co anion th an "in Ma=ounG ay Allah "e leased #ith hi ) #anted to revo0e the@:ee#ar 3 rotection5 of Al-Waleed "in al-Mu&hirah for hi self in Ma00ah( Al-Waleed said to hi @;ear relative?as anyone of y fa ily or eo le done you any #ron&th an re lied @!o1 it is :ust that I a no# see0in& the

rotection of Allah and no"ody else>s. Al-Waleed said @Thenlet us head to#ards the MosNue( and you a0e it 0no#n

u"licly that that you are revo0in& y rotection as I have "een rovidin& that for you u"licly. They "oth #ent to the

osNue( and al-Waleed said @This is th an #ho has co eto revo0e y rotection of hi . th an then said @ e isri&ht. I have found hi loyal and &enerous #hile he shelterede. But no#( I do not #ish to see0 rotection fro anyone

other than Allah. (

use the accordin& to Allah>s ,a#s. That is so( "ecause Allah>s &races area lot and they can "e a arent and hidden. Allah is the real 6iver of &races( and e has control over the reasons of livelihood and #elfare( ande directs the the #ay e #ants and to the ones e #ants. The &race isis 6race( the oney is is( and the #elfare and everythin& &ood co esfro i GSW) Saheeh As-Seerah An-$aba ea "y I"rahi Al-Ali( a&e( $* .

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See ho# the Co anion th an #as :ust #ith Al-Waleed#ho #as an infidle !ot only that( "ut he also stated it

u"licly that Al-Waleed #as loyal to hi 1 and this act of ac0no#led&in& the favour on th an>s art #as not har fulto his faith( nor #as it a&ainst the doctrine of .4ust i a&ine #hat #ould ha en if in our ti e a Musli#ould co e out and say the sa e thin& Co anion th ansaid( "ut a"out a country that too0 hi in after he had as0edfor rotection esca in& #ith his fa ily the ersecution

"ecause of his reli&ion For sure( so e of those #ho are not#ell-"ehaved or decorous #ill discredit hi for sayin& so?

Also( al-Bu0hari re orted in his Saheeh that Huraish sent'r#a "in Masoud to ne&otiate #ith the Pro het G eace and

"lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) on al- udai"iya. So e of #hat 'r#a said #as @no"ody 3fro your co anions5 #illaid you( for "y Allah( I do not see G#ith you) di&nified eo le(

"ut eo le fro various tri"es #ho #ould run a#ay leavin&you alone. earin& that( A"u Ba0r insulted hi and said( ;oyou say #e #ould run and leave the Pro het alone 'r#asaid( Who is that an They said( That is A"u Ba0r. 'r#asaid to A"u Ba0r( By i in Whose ands y life is( #ere itnot for the favour #hich you did to e and #hich I did notreturn to you( I #ould retort on to you.

4ust thin0 of the reason that held "ac0 this an an un"eliever he #as- fro retortin& on to A"u Ba0r G ay Allah "e leased#ith hi )? It is si ly "ecause A"u Ba0r had done that an afavour( and the latter did not for&et a"out it "ecause it #as thereason for #hich he did not re ly to A"u Ba0r>s insult.

Can this un"elievin& an "e ore adherent to the anner of ac0no#led&in& the favours than any of those #ho are "ornMusli s

Another e%a le #ould "e #hat I a Musli re orted in hisSahih that @When AlMusta#rid al-Hurashi #as at A ro "inAl-As> lace1 he said he heard the Messen&er of Allah G eaceand "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) sayin& @The our #illco e #hen the Christians are the a:ority of eo le on thisearth . avin& heard this( A ro said @Watch #hat you are

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The latter said @Salaa u alai0u / eace "e u on you to hi .So( 'N"a said( @and Allah>s ercy and "lessin&s "e u onyou . 'N"a>s servant told hi that the an #as a Christian?I ediately( 'N"a follo#ed the an and told hi ( @Allah>sercy and "lessin&s are only "esto#ed on Believers. But I as0 Allah to a0e your life lon&er( and increase your oney andfa ily e "ers . This "eautiful ;uaa for that Christian on'N"a>s art #as :ust "ecause the an &reeted hi first? 3SahihAl-Ada" al-Mufrad( !o. E O5 4ust reflect on it?

I"n A""as G ay Allah "e leased #ith hi ) said @If Pharaohsaid to e @6od "less you I #ould re ly( @May e "less youtoo . And Pharaoh is already dead . 3Sahih Al-Ada" al-Mufrad( !o. O E5

All of this :ust to eet 0indness "y another 0indness( and a&ood deed "y another &ood dead( and favours "y &ood raise(even if it ca e fro Pharaoh. *

ne of the &reatest e%a les in Isla ic :uris rudence a"outho# to deal #ith Christians is I a I"n Tai iyyeh>s fa ousletter to the 0in& of Cy rus( his ecclesiastics( and cler&y en. Itshould "e noted that this letter is a valua"le one #hich ischaracteri=ed "y a sense of honour( ener&y( :uris rudence(

olitics( oliteness( fairness( and so histication in addressin&-all in one conte%t #ithout affectation or flattery. I a &oin& tocite #hat is enou&h and suita"le for y ar&u ent

@Fro Ah ad I"n Tai iyyeh to Sur:#as the &reatest of his eo le and those around hi fro the ecclesiastics(chief cler&y en( rinces( and their follo#ers( eace "eu on those #ho follo# the &uidance. To roceed We are eo le #ho #ish that Allah &rants everyone the#elfare of this #orld and the ereafter. And the&reatest act of #orshi in& Allah is advisin& iscreatures of hu an "ein&s1 that is the reason for sendin& do#n the Pro hets and Messen&ers. Moreover(

J I find it a ro riate here to &ive an e%a le a"out ho# rudely one of theMusli s in 7uro e "ehaved #hen he sto ed a #o an to as0 her for directions to a lace he #anted to &o to. She 0e t standin& #ith hi for ore than ten inutes &ivin& hi directions1 and #hen she finished( heleft #ithout than0in& her "ecause he thou&ht that that #ould "e @hara (unla#ful or i&ht affect his reli&ion? The #o an #as Nuite sur rised "ythis( and then sto ed hi to as0 #hy he had not than0ed her?

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the 8in&>s su":ects1 and is it not true that the risonersare art of the 8in&>s su":ects

In addition( A"u al-A""as( the holder of this letter( hastold us any thin&s a"out the erits of the 8in& andhis "rothers( and ade it a ealin& for us to addressyou. The reason I a addressin& the 8in& no# is

"ecause I heard a"out his desire to do &ood deeds andhis tendency to#ards 0no#led&e and reli&ion.Further ore( I yself a a follo#er of Christ>s and theentire Messen&ers> in e%tendin& advice and #antinell-"ein& to the 8in& and his entoura&e.

I #ish to conclude y letter "y 0indly as0in& to care of Shei0h A"ul A""as and the rest of the risoners( helthe ( "e 0ind to those #ho 0no# Huran a o&nst the (and not try to convert any of the . In return of this( #eshall re#ard the 8in& #ith thin&s far ore than #hat he#ishes to see. ,ord 0no#s that I #ant is the #elfare of the 8in& "ecause Allah the Al i&hty ordered us so( andinstructed us to #ish &ood to everyone( sy athise#ith Allah>s creatures( call the to Allah and isreli&ion( and #ard off the evil-doers of u an "ein&sand 4inn.

Allah is in char&e of hel in& the 8in& do #hat heshould 3i.e. releasin& the Musli risoners5 "ecausethis is Allah>s #ish. And finally( I as0 Allah to &uide the8in& to the "est of #ords #hich #ould dra# hi closer to Allah( and a0e his endin& an honoura"le one.

I say I #ould ho e that those eo le #ith oor :ud& ents andlo# orals -after hearin& the revious letter- #ill not no#accuse I"n Tai iyyeh G ay Allah "less his soul) of enterin&into the < u#alat(i.e alliance #ith> Christians and aidin& theagainst the Musli s?

misconce)tion Refuted@

So eone ay as0 @Is it ossi"le that an un"eliever #ould doa &ood deed -that is considered in Isla as such- for #hichhe/she is to receive a credit fro eo le and a full reco ensefro Allah GSW)

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< The 'rotection of 2aith

It eans that so eone forsa0es un"elief and and enters Isla "y sayin& 3I "ear #itness that there>s no &od "ut Allah( andMuha ad is the Messen&er of Allah5( or #hat can stand infor the li0e erfor in& Prayers. Allah GSW) says

@But if they re ent( and esta"lish re&ular rayers( and ay Ra0at( then o en the #ay for the for Allah is ft-for&ivin&( MostMerciful . 3S. ( A.D5

Allah GSW) also says@But Geven so)( if they re ent( esta"lish re&ular

rayers( and ay Ra0at( they are your "rethrenin Faith GThus) do #e e% lain the Si&hns indetail( for those #ho understand . 3S. ( A.$$5

This eans that you do not have control or authority u onthe if they re ent and erfor rayers "ecause the

"rotherhood of reli&ion and faith rotects the and restraints#hat #as er issi"le "efore it i.e. fi&htin& and 0illin& theun"eliever and o"tainin& his ro erty. It also uts an end tothe #ar and en ity "et#een the t#o arties1 and therelationshi chan&es fro hostility and hatred into one of

"rotherhood and love for the sa0e of Allah.

Allah GSW) also says@The Believers are nothin& "ut a sin&leBrotherhood . 3S. ( A.$ 5

It eans that all of those #ho are Believers( re&ardless of their s0in colour( nationality( lan&ua&e( and country( are indeed

"rethren in Allah and in the Isla ic Faith.

The Pro het of Allah G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u onhi ) said @Whoever rays li0e us( faces our Hi"lah( and eatsour slau&htered ani als is a Musli and under AllahQs and isMessen&erQs rotection. So do not "etray Allah "y "etrayin&those #ho are in is rotection. GSahih Bu0hari). It eansthat #hoever fulfils these thin&s -#hich re resent his faith- hasthe covenant and rotection of Allah and is Messen&er1

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therefore( it is not er issi"le to "etray hi or trans&ress hissacred thin&s 3"lood( ro erty( fa ily etc.5.

It #as re orted that Mai un "in Siyah as0ed Anas "in Male0 A"a a =a? What a0es the life and ro erty of a erson

sacred e re lied e #ho "ears #itness that


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Musli s or one of the . After that( he he is escorted "ac0 tohis o#n lace of residence #hen the eriod of the a&ree ent ise% ired( #ithout "ein& e% osed to any har ( insult( or a&&ression.

This @4i#ar( Asylu can ha en for any reasons1 it could "e that this un"eliever is esca in& the ersecution of the rulersin his o#n ho eland. It could "e that he ca e to the Isla icState for learnin& a"out a "ranch of science that is onlyavaila"le in it. It also could "e for #or0( for trade( for &ettin&treat ent( or for visitin& a relative etc. r it could "e that he#ants to 0no# a"out Isla and listen to the Word of Allah 3i.eHuran5 and its eanin&s.

Allah the Al i&hty says@If one of the Pa&ans as0 you for asylu ( &rantit to hi ( so that he ay hear the Word of Allah1and then escort hi to #here he can "e secure(that is "ecause they are en #ithout0no#led&e . 3S. ( A.J5

I"n Huda a said in Al-Mughni, Lolu e. ( Pa&e. $ O( said@Whoever see0s security in order to hear the Word of Allahand 0no# a"out Isla ( it is a ust that he should &et

rotection and then "e escorted to #here he is secure and safe.I do not 0no# of a controversy a"out this atter1 and this is#hat Hatada( Ma0hool( al-A#=a>i( and I a Shafii all havea&reed and settled u on. Also Cali h ' ar "in A"del A=i=#rote to his su":ects to adhere to it.I a I"n Al-Hayye said in his @ Ah*am Ahl e/- immahLol.2. P. OJ As for @Al-Musta an i.e. the one #ho is&ranted rotection and security he is so eone #ho co es tothe lands of Musli s not for settlin& in it. There are four cate&ories of those envoys( erchants( asylu see0ers untilthey are acNuainted #ith Isla and Huran. These can e "raceIsla if they #ant( and if not( they can return safely to their o#n lands. Finally( the ones #ho need so ethin& fro thelands of Isla li0e a visit etc. The rulin& a"out all of theafore entioned is that they should not "e de orted1 nor "e0illed( or 4i=ya is ta0en fro the . Musli s should also

resent Isla and Huran to the 1 if they e "race it( than0s toAllah1 "ut if they do not( they can si ly leave1 and they arenot to "e har ed "efore they reach their o#n land. nce they

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are there( their state chan&es "ac0 to that of a fi&htin&un"eliever.

This ty e of rotection can "e offered to the un"eliever "y anyindividual of the Musli s( "e it a an or a #o an1 even if he/she #as one of the lo#est run& of society. This is e% lainedin the follo#in& hadeeth A"dullah i"n A r i"n al-QAsre orted that the Messen&er of Allah G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) said @Musli s are eNual in res ect of

"lood. The lo#est of the is entitled to &ive rotection on "ehalf of the ( and the one residin& far a#ay ay &ive rotection on "ehalf of the . They are li0e one hand over a&ainst all those #ho are outside the co unity. Those #hohave Nuic0 ounts should return to those #ho have slo#ounts( and those #ho have &ot out alon& #ith a detach entGshould return) to those #ho are stationed. A "eliever shall not

"e 0illed for an un"eliever or ahid> #ithin the ter of his covenant 3SahihSunan A"i ;a#udi( !o. 2* 5.

It #as re orted that ' ani( the dau&hter of A"u Tali"(said @I #ent to AllahQs Messen&er G .".".u.h) on the day of theconNuest of Ma00ah and said AllahQs Messen&er? My

"rother Ali has declared that he #ill 0ill a an to #ho I have&ranted asylu . The Pro het G .".".u.h) said( ' ani?We #ill &rant asylu to the one #ho you have &rantedasylu . 3Bu0hari and Musli 5

It is also re orted that Aisha Gthe Mother of Believers( ayAllah "e leased #ith her) said @If a #o an &ives asylu on

"ehalf of the Believers( that is a roved.

For ore detail a"out ho# to treat an un"eliever tourist in thelands of Musli s( see "elo#.

/-The 'rotection of 'eace Treaty this one is done#hen there is a eace treaty or a truce "et#een the Isla icState and that of the infidles for a s ecific eriod of ti e#here eo le #ill "e safe #ith their ro erty and their fa ilies. So e of the Isla ic scholars esti ated the eriod of this eace treaty as not e%ceedin& ten years( co arin& that#ith udai"yah Truce. o#ever( others said that the eriod is

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acce ta"le not to "la e #hoever leaves an un"elievin& land#here he is faced "y hostility and ersecution to another anun"elievin& land #ith less trials in reli&ion and less hostility.For e%a le( so e of the Co anions G ay Allah "e leased#ith the ) left Ma00ah #here they #ere su":ected to theseverest ty es of torture to A"yssinia G Ethiopia now )#here they found a relative level of eace and securityco ared to #hat they #ere e% osed to "y the infidles f Huraish. This is a situation that could "e true in our o#n ti eas #ell "ecause of the a"sence of the Isla ic State and theMusli ruler #ho is su osed to rotect and defend hissu":ects.

C" 'TER T"REE

T"E C" R CTERISTICS &2 C& EN NT T" T21L2ILS 'R&TECTI&N

If I a as0ed @ho# can the a"ove- entioned Protection "efulfilled

I ans#er it is fulfilled throu&h t#o for s "oth of #hich are "indin& to the arties on #hat they a&ree and a0e covenant aa"out.

The 2irst form@ it is re resented throu&h the ver"al or #rittene% ression of as0in& security and asylu ( or the desire to enter

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the lands of the other arty1 and this is usually #hat ha ens#ith those #ho see0 olitical asylu to the host country#here he ta0es hi self to the lace #here asylu is reNuested(and then he &oes on to tell the a"out the o ression he has

"een sufferin& on the hands of his eo le in his o#n ho ecountry( and that he #ishes or rather needs to &et into the

rotection and security of the host country.

What usually ha ens is that the host arty( as it is the case#ith any of the 7uro ean countries( &ives hi rotection(shelter( and any advanta&es he #ould not have &ot #hilst he#as still a on&st his o#n eo le in his o#n ho eland. All of this( he is &ranted until his a lication and situation areconsidered. $

10 To "e fair( I say one of the thin&s that the a refu&ee &ets as soon

as he is in the West( a free ho e( enou&h oney to s end on hi self andhis o#n fa ily( and all of the edical and schoolin& services for free( inaddition to a full rotection to the a&ainst any a&&ression. e also has

the full ri&ht to travel inside the country( and he &ets any other facilities.Then( #ithin a five-year eriod of ti e( he &ets the citi=enshi of thecountry he &ot asylu in( #hich entitles hi to co ete #ith the nativeciti=ens on the leadershi of the country itself?

o#ever( if it ha ens once that the eo le of the country co it aista0e a&ainst one of these refu&ees1 you #ill see hi as0in& rudely for his @ri&hts as thou&h he is one of the natives or of the country>s foundin&fathers?

After all of these rivile&es they &et( #e see any of the retendin& tohave #hat they do not1 and #ould tell you rudely and eanly that he is afi&htin& arty 3#hich eans( it is la#ful for hi to 0ill the un"elievers heis livin& #ith or sei=e their ro erty( accordin& to his sic0 lo&ic5( and thatthere is no covenant "et#een hi and the host country to a"ide "y?

9ou #ill see hi actin& in a coc0y anner as if he is livin& in the alacesof arun ar-+achid1 #hereas( he is livin& in the ho es and oochin& off the other arty? The Messen&er of Allah 3 eace and "lessin&s of Allah "eu on hi ) erfectly descri"ed this #hen he said @if you are not asha ed(do #hatever you #ant? And he also said( @ e #ho clai s to have #hathe does not is li0e so eone #earin& t#o &ar ents clai in& they #ere his1

"ut in truth( they are not?

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Therefore( "ased on this( if #e assu e that a #o an isfro a fa ily #hich do not allo# hus"ands to arryother #o en "ecause of the fa ily>s honour and no"ledescent( this &oes as si ilar to a ver"al condition. If this is the case( the hus"and had "etter not arryanother #o an ta0in& into his consideration her di&nity( honour( and no"le linea&e. All in all( it should

"e ore res ected #ith the case of the lady of all the#orld>s #o en( and the dau&hter of the aster of all of Ada >s offs rin&( Muha ad G eace and "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ). 7ven if Ali a&rees to have thiscondition 3of not arryin& another #o an alon& #ithFati a5( it is esta"lished as a #ay of stressin& it and notintroducin& it to the arria&e contract. 3Cited fro 'i5h as-Sunna "y Sayyed Sa"eN( 2/$ D5.

We have seen that the envoys are not to "e 0illed or har ed "ecause of an i lied condition a&reed on "y eo leconventionally1 so res ectin& this condition ust "e fulfilledas another one a&reed on ver"ally. Further ore( #e shall readore of #hat the Isla ic scholars say a"out this #hich #ille hasi=e that dealin& #ith the i lied security conditions issi ilar to those a&reed u on ver"ally1 it should "e carried out(and acted u on "ecause there is ! difference "et#een thet#o of the .

In accordance #ith #hat has "een said( I say #hoever co esto the lands of non-Musli s for #hatever reasons( once he&ets the visa( he is actually esta"lishin& an i lied securitycovenant. And even if they do not sti ulate this ver"ally( hehas to a"ide "y it and act u on it. !evertheless( I "elieve thatthe #hole rocess of o"tainin& a visa itself is considered as aver"al security covenant.


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their ro erty( or anythin& of their sacred thin&s. And #hoever does not a"ide "y that covenant is a violator co ittin& oneof the deadly sins( and has fallen into the #arnin&s of theSharia te%ts listed in the Second Introduction of this "oo0.Moreover( the oney he e%torts fro these eo le "y ro""ery(cheatin&( lyin&( or fraud is unla#ful( oney and a#ic0ed rofit that should "e returned to its o#ners1 and noatter #hat he calls it as @"ooty or la#ful(


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Musli s can only "e sei=ed durin& #arti e . ! T "ytreachery and "etrayal of the covenants esta"lished #ith the ?

I say #hat is ore( there #as not a ver"al security covenant "et#een al-Mu&hira and those #ho #ere #ith hi . But( sinceit is esta"lished as a convention that travel co anionshinecessitates security a on&st the travellers( this a0es the one

"etrayin& his co anions so eone "reachin& the i liedsecurity covenant #ith his travel ates. nce a&ain( thisstresses the fact that every i lied security covenant is a

"indin& security in Sharia ,a#1 and it should "e carried outand not "reached( as is the ver"al security covenant. 44

Then( ay attention to his sayin&( @the ro erties of un"elievers can only "e sei=ed durin& #arti e ( #hich eansnot "y any other eans1 and this is the ri&htful thin& #hereof there is no dou"t. ence( hold to it and do not a"andon it.

To illustrate the idea ore( if there #ere t#o students in oneclassroo one is a Musli ( and the other is a non-Musli . Itis not er issi"le for the Musli student to steal fro thenon-Musli student under the clai that there is not a securitycovenant "et#een the t#o of the ? This very situation is ani lied conventional security covenant "ecause eo le ta0e itfor &ranted that schools and universities are safe and eaceful

laces #here there is no #ar or fi&htin&1 and thus( there is notreachery #hatsoever. That is #hy it is not the ha"it of schoolfaculties to ta0e individual covenants fro each student not tosteal fro other students "ecause this is ta0en for &ranted( anddoin& this ver"ally is ludicrous. 4,

Another e%a le #ould "e( if a Musli #or0s as a #or0er or a #a&e earner for one of the un"elievers( he cannot steal

$$ ConseNuently( I do not a rove of hi:ac0in& aircrafts "ecause it &oesunder the conce t of treachery #hich is not er issi"le. Also( -as stateda"ove- travel co anionshi is "ased on security a on& the travellers.Moreover( it i erils the eaceful civilians of children( #o en( and old

eo le( and it ay lead to their death #hich is not la#ful. This #ill "eclarified ore in the a&es( inshallah.$2 I have "een infor ed lately that so e of the Western universities andcolle&es reNuire the students to si&n a act not to steal or vandaliseanythin& inside the university. They are doin& this :ust to stress thecovenant #ith the students. It see s that "ecause of the any ti es they#ere e% osed to such a thin&( they "eca e a#are of such a ro"le .

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anythin& fro hi or cheat hi clai in& that the un"eliever>s(s> oney is la#ful to sei=e and that there is no ver"alsecurity covenant "et#een the t#o of the . e is not allo#edto do such a thin& "ecause #or0 itself is an i lied securitycovenant "et#een the t#o arties1 and the very fact that thatuneliever hires a #or0er -#ho a&rees to #or0-is a securitycovenant "et#een the t#o arties( and it ust not "e "reached.Further ore( it is a"surd for so eone #ho #ants to hire a#or0er to tell hi @' on you is e%ercised the covenant of Allah not to steal fro e or "etray e ( "ecause it is ta0enfor &ranted once the t#o arties a&ree to the #or0. If in any#ay this ha ens( it #ould "e considered on the art of the#or0er as an insult and sus ectin& his honesty and honour1and it ay lead hi not to #or0 for hi at all "ecause thisassertion the an uttered is stressin& #hat is already a&reedu on a on& all eo le?

Additionally( e%a les a"out the i lied security in our lifecannot "e li ited here if #e #ant to ention the . Therefore(#atch for yourself and your reli&ion( dear Musli reader( andsee0 to "e one of the eo le #ho are faithful and not of theones #ho "etray others. Be careful that your &ain( food( andclothin& are all o"tained "y la#ful eans1 and do not "ete ted "y the isdirected verdicts ( other#ise( you#ill "e led astray a#ay fro the +i&ht ath.

I a Shafii G ay Allah "less his soul) said in his Al- and eo le of @Thi ah . In Isla ic :uris rudence( ( oney isunla#ful to sei=e in several cases( first of #hich is the Isla of its o#ner( secondly( the oney of the eo le of @Thi ah (and finally( the oney of those #ho esta"lish a securitycovenant #ith Musli s as lon& as the eriod of the covenant isvalid.

And he G ay Allah "less his soul) said( L. ( P.2 J( @If afi&htin& un"eliever enters the lands of Isla in a security

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In al-Sharh al-6abeer "y Al-MaNdisi( L.$ ( P.DDD( he said @If a security covenant is &iven to fi&htin& non-Musli s( it isunla#ful( to 0ill the ( ta0e their oney( or harthe .

I"n Mufleh said in al-Mubdi, L.*( P.* J( @If non-Musli srelease a Musli and &ive hi security( he can esca e "ut not

"etray the . e has to return #hatever he ta0es fro the "ecause no# he and they are on a covenant( "ut if he "rea0sthis( he is a violator. In another case( if they release hi

rovided that he sends the oney( he ust do it #hen he isa"le to. But if he could not( he should return to the ? This is#hat I a Ah ad "in an"al confir ed( "ecause if thatreleased risoner is loyal to his covenant( it #ill "e in theinterest of the other risoners1 "ut if he is not( this is &oin& tohar the ( "ecause non-Musli s #ill not &uarantee securityto any of the after that.

I"n u a al- anafi said in his >?%lanation of 'atih al-@adeer, L.J( P.$O @If a Musli enters the lands of fi&htin&non-Musli s as a erchant( he cannot tres ass over anythin&of their oney or eo le( "ecause #hen they trust hi -as

"ein& a erchant-( he is &uaranteein& the -indirectly- that heis not &oin& to har the . Therefore( his violation #ill "econsidered as a treachery #hich is unla#ful( "yconsensus of all Musli s.

It #as re orted in Sunan A"i ;a#ud that the Pro het G eaceand "lessin&s of Allah "e u on hi ) said @7very "etrayer #illhave a "anner on the ;ay of 4ud&e ent , and it ill beannoun&ed (%ubli&l ) .his is the betra al (%erfid ) of so-and-

so It has already "een entioned that the Pro het G .".".u.h)used to order the leaders of ar ies or detach ents sayin& @donot "e e%cessive1 do not "rea0 your led&e .

This is si ilar to #hat is entioned in Bashi et Ibn Abdeen,L. ( and P.$JJ @If a Musli enters the lands of fi&htin&un"elievers in a security covenant( it is unla#ful for hi toshed "lood( sei=e oney( or ca ture a #o an risoner as3Sa"i5 "ecause Musli s are loyal to their covenants. For thisreason( if he ta0es out to the lands of Musli s so ethin& thathe e%torted fro the un"elievers in an unla#ful anner

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a&ree ent #ith the ( he should not confuse his #ar a&ainstthe #ith #hat i&ht "e inter reted as security on his artto#ards the . For e%a le( he is not to retend that he is in

eace #ith the ( e%chan&e e% ressions of #elco in& or else#hich ay "e inter reted as security( or as0 the for the ri&htsof a

the rights and duties of those who enter the lands of non-muslims in a covenant and security

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