The Restoration (1660)

Created by: Brook Mirabal North

Gwinnett High School GA

Restoration People grew tired of the severe,

religious rule of Oliver Cromwell & the Puritans; many wanted a king again

In 1660, Charles I’s son became King of England—Charles II was called the “Merry Monarch” because he brought back theatres, sporting events, dancing & he got along with Parliament!!

Arthur

Mary I

"Bloody Mary"

Elizabeth I Edward VI

Henry VIII

Charles II James II

Charles I

James I

Mary Stuart

Queen of

Scotland

James V

King of

Scotland

Margaret Mary

Henry VII

Restoration Charles II learned from the lessons of

his father & grandfather:

–Did not try to rule by Divine Right & did not threaten Parliament’s authority

–Passed Habeas Corpus Law—everyone guaranteed a trial after arrest; cannot be held in jail forever

–Anglicanism was official religion, but treated Puritans & Catholics equally

Restoration During the Restoration,

Parliament strengthened the Church of England—only Anglicans could attend universities, serve in Parliament, be priests in Anglican Church

Parliament created Constitutional Monarchy based on Magna Carta & Petition of Right (Guaranteed rights of people & limited king)

Restoration BUT, there were problems:

–Charles II needed more money than Parliament was willing to give; so he made a secret agreement with Louis XIV of France to convert to Catholicism in exchange for money

–Charles II had no children; when he died, his openly-Catholic brother James II will be king (Parliament's worst fear!!)

This is

James II

Reasons for the Glorious

Revolution

Parliament worried about what to

do when Charles II dies;

England’s 1st two political parties

emerged—Whigs (opposed

James II) & Tories (supported

James II’s right to be king)

Arthur

Mary I

"Bloody Mary"

Elizabeth I Edward VI

Henry VIII

Charles II James II

Charles I

James I

Mary Stuart

Queen of

Scotland

James V

King of

Scotland

Margaret Mary

Henry VII

Reasons for the Glorious Revolution

Charles II died in 1685 & Catholic brother James II became king

James II wanted absolute power just like James I & Charles I (Oh, no!!)

James II claimed he had power to overturn Parliament’s laws & appoint Catholics to key gov’t positions; Parliament was furious!! (Whigs: We told you so! Tories: Oops, big mistake!)

Reasons for the Glorious Revolution

Parliament feared him, but waited for him to die so his Protestant daughter Mary would become queen; Mary was married to William of Orange (a powerful prince in the Netherlands)

BUT…James II had a “surprise” son & Parliament had to do something to stop the Stuart Dynasty from continuing

Charles II

Mary

Protestant Daughter

from 1st Marriage

Married to William

Son

Catholic son

from 2nd Marriage

"Surprise Baby"

James II

Charles I

James I

Glorious Revolution

Parliament asked Mary’s husband

William to invade England &

become king; William agreed

Everyone is thinking it’ll be

another bloody civil war, BUT…

James II fled and William III &

Mary II became king & queen

without bloodshed (peaceful

transfer of power)

The Glorious Revolution (1688)

English Bill of Rights

William & Mary agree to English Bill of Rights (individual rights & limits king):

–Cannot overturn Parliament’s laws

–Only Parliament can create taxes

–Freedom of speech for Parliament

–Citizens can criticize the king

–Army can only be used in time of war; not used as police force

–No excessive bail

Other Reforms Cabinet was formed—a small group

of advisors from Parliament to assist the king

Office of Prime Minister was created:

–Served as head of the Cabinet, chief leader of Parliament, leader of Parliament’s majority party

First Political Parties were formed during the argument over James II (these evolved into modern Parties)

Limitations on Monarchy

Magna Carta (1215)

Petition of Right (1628)

Habeas Corpus (1679)

English Bill of Rights (1689)

Cabinet (1702) & Prime

Minister (1727)

English History

Crossword