the renaissance tied to italian renaissance cultural and artistic movement - literature and music...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Renaissance
• Tied to Italian Renaissance• Cultural and Artistic movement
- Literature and Music• Elizabethan Era
- Shakespearean Age• Religious Change
- protestant reformation• Modern Science and Medicine
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Bubonic Plague
• Began in 1300s- killed 25 million
• Several outbreaks- late 1500s and 1600s- 38,000 in London (1603)
• Unsanitary conditions- rodents (rats) with fleas
• People feared the disease
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Defeat of the Spanish Armada
• Spanish Fleet- sent by Phillip II in 1588- 130 Ships
• Invasion of England• Humiliating defeat
- bankrupted Spain- war continued until 1604
• English Nationalism- established state religion
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War of the Roses
• Between the Houses of Lancaster and York- lasted 30 years- 1455 to 1485
• Battle for Power- Richard III- Henry Tudor (VII)
• Theme of Romeo and Juliet- battle between two families
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Tudor England - Medicine
• Many did not live past 40 years of age- Sanitation/hygiene- Food Quality
• Used Herbs and natural items for some cures
• Wealthy got a doctor• Old Wives Tales
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Common Treatments
• Leeches used to bleed patients (too much blood)• Deafness – Gall of a hare and grease from a fox• Smallpox – hang red curtains, red light through the
curtains cured the illness- Elizabeth I was treated this way
• Head Lice – Tobacco juice on the scalp• Headaches – lavender, sage, roses… or a
hangman’s noose to the forehead
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Elizabethan Clothing• Sumptuary Laws
- designated clothing styles based on class- Henry VIII
• Breaking the law- loss of land- loss of title- or, you guessed it, DEATH
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Elizabethan Clothing
The Rich• Vivid Colors, various types
of cloth• High Collars• Doublets/Tunics• Silk, flannel• Jewelry
The Poor• Wool, Sheepskin, linen• Brown, beige, orange• Wool caps• Buttons, trimming on coats• Inexpensive materials
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Crime and Punishment• Justice was often swift and
brutal• Old System from
Middle/Dark Ages• Guilt before innocence
- treason, no counsel• Public events
- poor treated it as a day out
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Crime and Punishment
• Beheading- use of an axe- conscious for 8 seconds
• Burnt at the stake• Hung, Drawn and quartered• Minor Crimes
- loss of land or title
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English Soldiers
• Typically fought on foot• Used horses for transport• Small armies
- used peasants- mercenaries
• Skilled Archers• Knights
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English Weapons• Swords• Long Bow
- symbol of strength- years to master
• Gun powder- more common
• Cannons- used before muskets
• Match lock Muskets
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Religion
• Catholic v. Protestant- changed under Henry
• Dictated by King/Queen- Henry = Protestant- Mary I = Catholic- Elizabeth = Protestant
• Many plots against the King or Queen
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Economy
• People moved to towns to find work
• Less reliance on farming• Wool Trade
- farms devoted to sheep
• Exploration- trade routes- new lands?
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Social Structure
• Clear divisions- evidence by clothing- Monarchy (King)- Aristocracy (Rich)- Middle Class - Peasants
• More movement- plague helped this
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More on Crime and Punishment
• Monarch in charge- King/Queen- Final decisions- death warrants
• Highly structured• Everyone had a job
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More on Crime and Punishment
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Bear Baiting
• “Blood Sports”- loved by all
• Bear tied to a stake• Attacked by dogs
- typically a Mastiff- could use lions
• Queen Elizabeth- would attend these events, entertained guests
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Bull Baiting
• Similar to bear baiting• Bull was placed in an
arena- same dogs used- bull was “worried” to death
• Dogs would win if the animal died- losers if they were too injured
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Renaissance Festivals ofthe 1500s and 1600s
• Recreation was important to Elizabethans
• Team Sports- hurling, similar to hockey and polo- falconers, sport that uses falcons
• Fencing• Jousting/Sword fighting
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The Theater, The TheaterOh how we love the Theater!
• Became an important part of the Renaissance
• First theater 1576• Enter Shakespeare
- Globe Theater- Many plays
• Church opposed the theater
• Up to 3000 people could attend some theaters
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Henry VIII
• 2nd Tudor King of England- a pompous man
• 6 Wives- Catherine of Aragon- Anne Boleyn
• Fought with the Pope- took over English Church
• No Male heirs- Daughter Elizabeth
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Henry’s Wives
3. Jane Seymour Died
2. Anne Boleyn Beheaded
1. Catherine of Aragon Divorced
4. Anne of Cleves Divorced
5. Catherine Howard Beheaded
6. Katherine Parr Survived
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Catherine of Aragon
• First wife of Henry VIII- arranged marriage
• Children- frequent miscarriages- death of one son- one girl lived
• Henry VIII divorced her- removed as queen
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Elizabeth I
• Daughter of Henry VIII- father disappointed
• One of the greatest rulers- rule called “Golden Age”
• Imprisoned by her sister- Queen Mary I
• Political genius• Devoted to her country
- never married?
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Mary, Queen of Scots
• Became queen at age “1 week”• Married her cousin
- Scottish Monarch• Many rebellions• Fled the country
- went to her cousin Elizabeth• Imprisoned and executed
- Elizabeth threatened by her
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Sir Francis Drake
• English Sea Captain• Helped defeat the
Spanish Armada• Politician
- favored by Elizabeth• Sailed around the world
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Sir Walter Raleigh• Explorer and Writer• Favored by Elizabeth
- knighted • First English Colony in America
- Roanoke (VA)• Imprisoned by James I
- spent years in the Tower of London- wrote books
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Anne Boleyn
• 2nd Wife of Henry VII• Gave birth to a daughter
- named Elizabeth- Henry angered the birth of Elizabeth
• Investigated for treason- found guilty- beheaded
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Bloody Mary (Queen Mary I of England)
• 1st daughter of Henry• Became queen
- supported the Pope- Roman Catholic- executed her cousin
• Began executing Protestants• “Bloody Mary”
- mass murderer• Sent Elizabeth away
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Edmund Spenser
• English Poet• Tudor Dynasty and Elizabeth
- The Faerie Queen• Modern English verse• Spenserian Sonnet
- Shakespearean elements- figurative language