the recent development in denmark in relation to ammonia regulation

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY

The recent development in Denmark in relation to ammonia regulation

Steen GyldenkærneDept. of Policy Analysis, Nat. Env. Res. Inst

Aarhus [email protected]

TFRN, Rome 10-12 May 2011

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN,

Rome 10-12 May 2011Steen Gyldenkærne

Outline› Background

› Previous regulations

› What have we achieved so far› Nex› Nitrogen consumption› Leaching› N in watersheds

› Nex data

› Comparison with other countries

› Future regulations



You need a good case!



Action plans and regulations› 1987 Action Plan on the aquatic environment (I)

› Partly voluntary agreement on reduced N input› Higher utilization of N in animal manure› Agreement was 50% reduction in Nitrogen leaching from the root zone

› 1998 Action Plan on the aquatic environment (II)› 6% of the agricultural area with catch crops› 10% reduced nitrogen norms compared to normal› 5% increased utilization rate of N i animal manure

› 2000 Ammonia action plan› Ban on broad casting› Increased storage capacity, approx. 10 months› Increased coverage of manure stores› Time slot for incorporation of manure, 6 hours› No manure application on “not harvested crops”, i.e. ban on autumn

application› 2004 Action Plan on the aquatic environment (III)

› Mandatory Nitrogen accounting (farms >10 AU)› Increased utilization rate of N in animal manure, >75%

› 2007-2011 More information later



Current regulation› Approval of all farms every 8 years and when

changed› Limits

› 15 AU› 75 AU

› Includes ammonia deposition estimates to natural habitats

› Costly› Up to 50.000-100.000 €

› Time consuming› Up to 2-3 years

› Turnover rates of animals› 90 % of the pigs are moving to other facilities within 10

years› 90% of the diary cows are moving within 18 years› New approval



What have been achieved so far: I

Source: Winther, F. and P. Olesen, http://web.agrsci.dk/djfpublikation/index.asp?action=show&id=1112NOVANA data by Jørgen Windolf, NERI

Nitrogen input Nitrogen output



What have been achieved so far: II

Nitrogen surplus Nitrogen utilization rate



0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

90.000

1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009

To

n N

H3-

N/y

r

Dairy Cattle

Deer

Fur farmingGoats

Horses

Non-Dairy Cattle

OstrichP heasant

P oultry

Sheep

SwineTotal

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

90.000

1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009

To

n N

H3-

N/y

r

Stable

Storage

Application

Grazing

Total

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009

Kg

NH

3-N

/an

imal

pla

ce/y

r

Dairy Cattle

Non-Dairy Cattle

Swine

Ammonia, overall reductionTotal: - 34%Dairy cattle: - 49%Pigs: - 38%

Ammonia, overall reductionStable: - 3%Storage: - 70%Application: - 48%Grazing: - 36%

Ammonia, overall reduction IEFDairy cattle: - 19%Pigs: - 54%

What have been achieved so far: III



What have been achieved so far: IV

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

19

90

19

95

20

00

20

05

20

10

År

Kvæ

lsto

fde

po

sito

n, k

gN

/ha

Reduceret N

Oxideret N

Samlet

Land

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

19

90

19

95

20

00

20

05

20

10

År

Kvæ

lsto

fde

po

sito

n, k

gN

/ha

Reduceret N

Oxideret N

Samlet

Vand

Source: Ellermann et al. NERI, 2011

Nitrogen deposition to land Nitrogen deposition to water



What have been achieved so far: V

0

100.000

200.000

300.000

400.000

500.000

600.000

700.000

800.000

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

To

n N

/yr

N, Mineral fertiliser

Nex, animal manure

N, input total (before NH3-emis)

0

100.000

200.000

300.000

400.000

500.000

600.000

700.000

800.000

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

To

n N

/yr

N, diffusive to w ater sheds

N, leached from root zone

N, diffusive to maritime w ater

Nitrogen input

Mineral fertilser: - 50%Animal manure: - 10%

Leaching

From Root zone: - 50%Diffusive sources into water: - 41%



What have been achieved so far: VI (a)› Denmark has some of the best educated

farmers› High performance of the farmers› Efficient controlling systems› Good data quality on input

› The Normative system› Annual updated Nex for all animal types based on

› 18-20 % of all dairy cattle› 25-30 % of all pigs› 75-80 % of all poultry› 95-100 % of all fur farms

› Reliable data for Nex



What have been achieved so far: VI (b)

1990 1994 1997 2000 2005 2010

Fatteners FU/kg growth 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9

g protein/FU 162,5 158,3 157,6 151,0

Nex, kg/yr/produced pig 4,53 4,55 3,28 3,15 3,19 2,94

Piglets FU/kg growth 2,0 2,1 2,0 2,0

g protein/FU 175,0 164,3 164,8 161,0

Nex, kg/yr/produced pig 0,73 0,68 0,68 0,64 0,63 0,51

Sows FU 1300 1300 1300 1340 1442 1500

g protein/FU 150,0 149,8 142,8 138,0

Nex, kg/yr 28,7 26,3 25,7 26,6 27,2 26,0

Dairy cows Milk yield, l/yr 7450 7659 8745 9357

FE 5700 6032 6032 6065 6593 6984

g protein/FU 175,6 175,0 173,0 172,0

Nex, kg/yr 133,0 121,4 128,0 127,3 134,5 140,9

Feed consumption and Nex 1990-2010



What have been achieved so far: VII

FU/kg feed

% CP, currentdanish values,

% in feedTFRN

MediumTFRNHigh

Minimum economialCP content

based on amino acid optimization

Fatteners 1,05 15,9 15-17 14-16 13,3

Piglets 1,13 18,2 18-19 17-18 17,7

Sows 1,04 14,416-17 15-16

11,014-15 13-14

Source: Own calculation based on data from the Danish Plant Directorate and

http://vsp.lf.dk/Viden/Foder/Naeringsstoffer/Normer%20for%20naeringsstoffer.aspx?full=1

Crude Protein (CP) content in pig feed



What have been achieved so far: VIII

Simple cost calculation

Approximately cost, 1987-2009: 500 – 600 Million €Abated ammonia, 1988-2009: 387,538 ton NH3-N Reduced leaching to water: 325,778 ton N

Cost per kg reduced NH3-N: 1.3 – 1.5 €/kg NH3-NCost per kg reduced leached N: 1.5 – 1.8 €/kg N leached



Comparison with other countries

2008 Denmark Germany Poland The Netherlands

% Ammonia loss per kg excreted Nitrogen

Cattle 15 25 20 21

Pigs 22 35 28 23

Poultry 28 43 30 21

Source: Own calculation based on reported data to EMEP/CORINAR and UNFCCC

Emission kg NH3-N Dairy cows Fatteners/place

Guide book Tier 1, approx. incl. manure application 28.00 (? kg Nex) 5.44

Denmark average 2009 incl. manure application 21.68 (140 kg Nex) 1.82



The Future› Approval of all farms > 15 AU

› Demands for low ammonia emissions



Current regulations for enlargement

Application year

Base N excretion, norm Nex, 30-102 kg Reduction, %

Maximum NH3-emission per produced pig, kg NH3-N

2006 2005/2005 3.19 0 (reference) 0.44

2007 2005/2006 3.19 15 0.37

2008 2005/2006 3.19 20 0.35

2009/2010 2005/2006 3.19 25 0.33

2011 2010/2011 2.95 (1) 30 (from BAT) 0.302 (1)

(1) Weight interval 32-107 kg

Application year

Base N excretion, norm N ex Reduction, %

Maximum NH3-emission per dairy cow (large breed),

kg NH3-N/yr

2006 2005/2005 134.5 0 (reference) 10.64

2007 2005/2006 134.5 15 9.04

2008 2005/2006 134.5 20 8.51

2009/2010 2005/2006 134.5 25 8.00

2011 2010/2011 140.9 30 (from BAT) 7.01



Approval of the Danish farms› Status by 1 June 2010

› Farmers having 22% of the current AU (240.000 AU) in Denmark has applied and been approved

› The farms has applied for an approval of 33 % of the current Danish animal stock (660.000 AU)

› An average increase of 50% per farm› The approval shall be utilized within 2 years (approx.)

› The performance of the applicants› Average NH3-N emission in the inventory: 15.8 kg

NH3-N/AU› Current emission: 13.0 kg NH3-N/AU› Approved emission: 10.6 kg NH3-N/AU

The applicants are some of the best performing farmers



The Wheel

2011 application round

ResultLower normative Nex-values

30 % reductions obtained withTechniqueLower CP in feed/less Nex

2012 applications etc.Forced to use lowernormative Nex-values

Expected average ammonia emission in the future

for pigs and dairy cattle from stable and storage

7 kg NH3-N / AU



Buffer zones › Two different Natural areas

› Natura 2000, EU-legislation

› National interesting sites, ammonia sensitive areas (§3)

› 7 % of the Danish agricultural area is in buffer zones

› Two buffer zones› 0-300 m (BZ I)

› No farms are allowed to be established

› No changes in existing farms are allowed if this increase the emission

› 300-1000 m (BZ II)› Maximum increase in deposition of 0.3-0.7 kg N/ha

› The actual number depends on the number of animals within a range of 1000 m from the applicant

› Large farms: If a farm (>500 AU) outside BZ II has an influence on the deposition in the natural habitat, this shall taken into account

› Cumulative effect if more farms are in the vicinity



Manure application› No splash plates

› Mandatory injection on black soils and grass

› Mandatory injection in buffer zones for all crops from

2011› High costs in growing crops: damage and horse power

› Possible solution: acidification during application

› Cost: app. 50 €/ha excl. effect of increased N utilization

http://biocover.dk/images/stories/DJF_SyreN_Forsg/2010_BioCover_-_Notat_til_miljstyrelsen_om_SyreN_projekt.pdf

Acidification when applied 1InjectionHose-trailAcidification when applied 2Acidification in the stable



CLR-Transboundary - AP

Source: Maciej Kryza et al., 2011



CLR-Transboundary - APDenmark has a highly intensive

agriculture but:

› 31 % of the deposited NHx to land is of Danish origin

› 69 % is of foreign origin

› Please reduce your emissions

NHx, Ton N/yrDanish emissions

deposited on Danish soils; 10894; 16%

Danish emission deposited on Danish

w ater; 4578; 7%

Foreign emission deposited on Danish

soils; 24249; 36%

Foreign emission deposited on Danish

w ater; 28122; 41%

NOx, Ton N/yr

Foreign emission deposited on Danish water;

33012; 52% Foreign emission deposited on Danish soils; 17560; 28%

Danish emission deposited on Danish water;

5374; 8%

Danish emissions deposited on

Danish soils; 7889; 12%



Summing up› Denmark has walked a long way

› and still there is a path to walk – full of stones

› The Danish national strengthening has a limited overall effect› primarily on local habitats

› Large effects could be made if Europe follows the Danish example



Thanks for taking your time

National borders exits only in our minds

the recent development in denmark in relation to ammonia regulation

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