the progressive era what kinds of actions can bring about social change?
TRANSCRIPT
The Progressive EraThe Progressive EraWhat kinds of actions can What kinds of actions can bring about social change?bring about social change?
The Origins of ProgressivismThe Origins of Progressivism
Main IdeaMain Idea
Political, economic, and social change Political, economic, and social change in the 19in the 19thth century America led to century America led to
broad progressive reforms.broad progressive reforms.
What it Matter NowWhat it Matter Now
Progressive reforms such as labor and Progressive reforms such as labor and voting rights have helped to make voting rights have helped to make
life in America what it is today.life in America what it is today.
The Origins of ProgressivismThe Origins of Progressivism
What were the four goals that What were the four goals that various progressive reform various progressive reform movements struggled to achieve?movements struggled to achieve?– Protecting social welfare, promoting Protecting social welfare, promoting
moral reform, creating economic reform, moral reform, creating economic reform, and fostering efficiency.and fostering efficiency.
Four Goals of ProgressivismFour Goals of Progressivism
Four GoalsOf Progressivism
ProtectingSocial Welfare
Promoting Moral
Improvements
Creating Economic
ReformFosteringEfficiency
YMCASalvation ArmyFlorence Kelly
Illinois Factory Act
ProhibitionWCTU
Frances WillardCarrie Nation
Eugene V. DebsAmerican Socialist
PartyMuckrakers
Louis D. BrandeisFredrick Winslow Taylor
Scientific Management
Cleaning Up Local GovernmentCleaning Up Local Government
How did government change during How did government change during the Progressive Era? How were the Progressive Era? How were these changes important?these changes important?– Government became more responsive Government became more responsive
to the people, elections were reformed, to the people, elections were reformed, Senators directly elected and the public Senators directly elected and the public had more voice in law-making. had more voice in law-making. Democracy was expanded.Democracy was expanded.
Cleaning Up Local GovernmentCleaning Up Local Government Reforming Local GovernmentReforming Local Government
– 1900- Hurricane in Galveston, TX1900- Hurricane in Galveston, TX– TX legislature appointed a 5 member commission to TX legislature appointed a 5 member commission to
take over the clean-up.take over the clean-up. Each member takes charge of a different city depart.Each member takes charge of a different city depart.
– By 1917- 500 cities adopted what Galveston did.By 1917- 500 cities adopted what Galveston did.– City Managers were createdCity Managers were created
City Councils were elected by the peopleCity Councils were elected by the people Reform MayorsReform Mayors
– Hazen Pingree (Detroit)-Hazen Pingree (Detroit)- instituted a fairer tax instituted a fairer tax structure, set up work relief.structure, set up work relief.
– Tom Johnson (Cleveland)-Tom Johnson (Cleveland)- dismissing corrupt and dismissing corrupt and greedy private owners of utilities.greedy private owners of utilities.
Reform at the State LevelReform at the State Level
Direct Election ofSenators
17th Amendment
Reforming ElectionsInitiative, Referendum,
Recall
Limited Working
HoursMuller v Oregon
Working ChildrenKeating-Owen Act
Reform Gov.Robert La Follette
James S. Hogg
Reform At the
State Level
Women in Public LifeWomen in Public Life
Main IdeaMain Idea
As a result of social and economic As a result of social and economic change, many women entered public change, many women entered public
life as workers and reformers.life as workers and reformers.
Why it Matters NowWhy it Matters Now
Women won new opportunities in labor Women won new opportunities in labor and education that are enjoyed and education that are enjoyed
today.today.
One American’s StoryOne American’s Story
Sussette La Fleshe- 1879, helped Sussette La Fleshe- 1879, helped translate for Chief Standing Bear translate for Chief Standing Bear (Ponca tribe) into English.(Ponca tribe) into English.– She testified before Congress and She testified before Congress and
helped win the passage of the Dawes helped win the passage of the Dawes Act of 1887.Act of 1887.
Women in the Work ForceWomen in the Work Force
Women in theWork Force
Farm Women
Women inIndustry
DomesticWorkers
Cooking, Cleaning, Making clothes
Telephone OperatorsOffice workFactories
MaidsCooks
Laundresses
Women Lead ReformWomen Lead Reform
Dangerous conditions, low wages, and Dangerous conditions, low wages, and long hours led many female industrial long hours led many female industrial workers to push reform.workers to push reform.
Women &Reform
Josephine RuffinSusan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady StantonJulia Ward Howe
NACWNWSA
NAWSABattle Hymn of the Republic
Three-Part Strategy for SuffrageThree-Part Strategy for Suffrage
Convince Legislatures to grant women the Convince Legislatures to grant women the right to vote.right to vote.– Wyoming-1Wyoming-1stst (1869) (1869)
Pursue Court Cases to test the 14Pursue Court Cases to test the 14thth Amendment and threaten to lose Amendment and threaten to lose congressional representation. Aren’t congressional representation. Aren’t women citizens too?women citizens too?– 1875- Supreme Court rule that women were 1875- Supreme Court rule that women were
citizens, but denied them to vote.citizens, but denied them to vote. Push for a constitutional amendment for Push for a constitutional amendment for
women to vote.women to vote.– 41 years women lobbied to have it.41 years women lobbied to have it.
Final ThoughtsFinal Thoughts
Describe the growing presence of Describe the growing presence of women in the workforce at the turn women in the workforce at the turn of the 20th century. of the 20th century.
Identify leaders of the woman Identify leaders of the woman suffrage movement. Explain how suffrage movement. Explain how woman suffrage was achieved. woman suffrage was achieved.
Teddy Roosevelt’sTeddy Roosevelt’sSquare DealSquare Deal
Main IdeaMain IdeaAs president, Theodore Roosevelt As president, Theodore Roosevelt
worked to give citizens a Square Deal worked to give citizens a Square Deal through progressive reforms.through progressive reforms.
Why it Matters NowWhy it Matters NowAs part of his Square Deal, Roosevelt’s As part of his Square Deal, Roosevelt’s
conservation efforts made a conservation efforts made a permanent impact on environmental permanent impact on environmental
resources.resources.
A Rough-Riding PresidentA Rough-Riding President Controlling RooseveltControlling Roosevelt
– Gov. of N.Y.Gov. of N.Y.– McKinley’s V.P.McKinley’s V.P.
Roosevelt’s RiseRoosevelt’s Rise– AdventurerAdventurer– Harvard- Boxing and WrestledHarvard- Boxing and Wrestled– Rough Riders (1898)Rough Riders (1898)– San Juan Hill in CubaSan Juan Hill in Cuba
The Modern PresidencyThe Modern Presidency– 1901- became president (42 yrs old)1901- became president (42 yrs old)– SportsmanSportsman– ““Bully Pulpit”- influence media, shape legislationBully Pulpit”- influence media, shape legislation– SQUARE DEAL- progressive reforms sponsored by SQUARE DEAL- progressive reforms sponsored by
RooseveltRoosevelt
Using Federal PowerUsing Federal Power
Roosevelt was convinced that modern Roosevelt was convinced that modern America required a powerful federal America required a powerful federal government.government.
Federal Power
Trustbusting 1902 Coal Strike Railroad Regulation
Northern SecuritiesCompany
Invitation to White House
Hepburn Act1906
One American’s StoryOne American’s Story
Upton Sinclair- Upton Sinclair- muckrakermuckraker– ““The Jungle” (1906)The Jungle” (1906)– Exposed the meatpacking Exposed the meatpacking
industry in Chicago.industry in Chicago. Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt
– Appalled by the accountAppalled by the account– Promised to helpPromised to help
Health and the EnvironmentHealth and the Environment
John MuirGifford PinchotNewlands Act
Conservation&
Natural Resources
Pure Food& Drug
Act(1906)
Meat Inspection
Act(1906)
HealthEnvironment
Roosevelt and Civil RightsRoosevelt and Civil Rights
Roosevelt appointed African Roosevelt appointed African Americans to government positionsAmericans to government positions
Invited African Americans to the Invited African Americans to the White HouseWhite House
NAACP- W.E.B. Du BoisNAACP- W.E.B. Du Bois
Teddy Roosevelt’s Square DealTeddy Roosevelt’s Square DealReviewReview
What scandalous practices did Upton What scandalous practices did Upton Sinclair expose in his novel The Sinclair expose in his novel The Jungle? How did the American public, Jungle? How did the American public, Roosevelt, and Congress respond?Roosevelt, and Congress respond?– Sinclair’s descriptions of the Sinclair’s descriptions of the
meatpacking industry’s corrupt meatpacking industry’s corrupt practices disgusted both the public and practices disgusted both the public and Roosevelt, who pushed Congress to pass Roosevelt, who pushed Congress to pass the Meat Inspection Act.the Meat Inspection Act.
Teddy Roosevelt’s Square DealTeddy Roosevelt’s Square DealReviewReview
How did Roosevelt earn his How did Roosevelt earn his reputation as a trustbuster?reputation as a trustbuster?– Roosevelt filed suits under the Sherman Roosevelt filed suits under the Sherman
Anti-Trust Act, thus breaking up some of Anti-Trust Act, thus breaking up some of the trusts. He also ordered the Justice the trusts. He also ordered the Justice department to sue the Northern department to sue the Northern Securities Company which, until the Securities Company which, until the Supreme Court dissolved the company, Supreme Court dissolved the company, held a monopoly over northwestern held a monopoly over northwestern railroads.railroads.
Progressivism Under TaftProgressivism Under Taft
Main IdeaMain IdeaTaft’s ambivalent approach to Taft’s ambivalent approach to
progressive reform led to a split in progressive reform led to a split in the Republican Party and the loss of the Republican Party and the loss of
the presidency to the Democrats.the presidency to the Democrats.Why it Matters NowWhy it Matters Now
Third-party candidates continue to Third-party candidates continue to wrestle with how to become viable wrestle with how to become viable
candidates.candidates.
One American’s StoryOne American’s Story
Gifford Pinchot- head of the U.S. Forest Gifford Pinchot- head of the U.S. Forest Service under Roosevelt.Service under Roosevelt.
Taft Becomes PresidentTaft Becomes President
1904- Roosevelt pledged not to run for 1904- Roosevelt pledged not to run for reelection in 1908.reelection in 1908.
William Howard Taft-William Howard Taft- Secretary of War under Secretary of War under RooseveltRoosevelt
Taft
Taft StumblesPayne-Aldrich
TariffDisputing Public
Lands
Tariffs & ConservationBecame problems
Payne Bill-loweredAldrich Bill-raised
Richard A. Ballinger
Progressivism Under TaftProgressivism Under Taft
What did Taft do that angered What did Taft do that angered progressive Republicans?progressive Republicans?– He agreed to the Payne-Aldrich Tariff, He agreed to the Payne-Aldrich Tariff,
that raised tariffs and sided with Richard that raised tariffs and sided with Richard Ballinger, when he removed 1 million Ballinger, when he removed 1 million acres of forest and mining lands from acres of forest and mining lands from the reserve list.the reserve list.
The Republican Party SplitsThe Republican Party Splits Problems within the PartyProblems within the Party
– Progressives were split on those who sought Progressives were split on those who sought change and conservatives who did not.change and conservatives who did not.
– Taft sides with Joseph CannonTaft sides with Joseph Cannon– Cannon ignored progressive billsCannon ignored progressive bills– Cannon stripped of his power.Cannon stripped of his power.– Democrats gain control of the House of Rep.Democrats gain control of the House of Rep.
Bull Moose PartyBull Moose Party– ““New Nationalism”New Nationalism”– 1912- Roosevelt decides to run again1912- Roosevelt decides to run again– Progressive Party AKA “Bull Moose Party”Progressive Party AKA “Bull Moose Party”
Woodrow Wilson wins because of the splitWoodrow Wilson wins because of the split
Democrats Win in 1912Democrats Win in 1912
Taft called Roosevelt a “dangerous Taft called Roosevelt a “dangerous egotist”egotist”
Roosevelt called Taft a “fathead” with a Roosevelt called Taft a “fathead” with a brain of a “guinea pig”brain of a “guinea pig”
The election offered voters several The election offered voters several choices:choices:– Wilson- New FreedomWilson- New Freedom– Roosevelt- ProgressivismRoosevelt- Progressivism– Taft’s- ConservatismTaft’s- Conservatism– Eugene V. Debs- SocialismEugene V. Debs- Socialism
EvaluatingEvaluating
Both Roosevelt and Taft resorted to Both Roosevelt and Taft resorted to mudslinging during the 1912 mudslinging during the 1912 presidential campaign. Do you presidential campaign. Do you approve or disapprove of negative approve or disapprove of negative campaign tactics? Support your campaign tactics? Support your answer.answer.
Wilson’s New FreedomWilson’s New Freedom
Main IdeaMain IdeaWoodrow Wilson established a strong Woodrow Wilson established a strong
reform agenda as a progressive reform agenda as a progressive leader.leader.
Why it Matter NowWhy it Matter NowThe passage of the Nineteenth The passage of the Nineteenth
Amendment during Wilson’s Amendment during Wilson’s administration granted women the administration granted women the
right to voteright to vote
One American’s StoryOne American’s Story
Carrie Chapman Catt- President of the Carrie Chapman Catt- President of the NWSANWSA
Wilson Wins Financial ReformsWilson Wins Financial Reforms
Like Roosevelt, Like Roosevelt, Wilson claimed Wilson claimed progressive ideals, progressive ideals, but a different idea but a different idea about federal about federal government.government.
Wilson’s “New Wilson’s “New Freedom”Freedom”
Triple wall of Triple wall of privilege:privilege:– Trusts, tariffs, high Trusts, tariffs, high
financefinance
AntitrustMeasures
ClaytonAntitrust Act
Federal TradeCommission (FTC)
A New Tax SystemA New Tax System
Wilson worked to lower tariffs, to control Wilson worked to lower tariffs, to control big business.big business.
Underwood Act-Underwood Act- lower tariffs for the 1 lower tariffs for the 1stst time since the Civil War.time since the Civil War.
FinancialReform
Federal IncomeTax
Federal ReserveSystem
16th AmendmentGraduated Income Tax
Federal Reserve Act-191312 Districts
Women Win SuffrageWomen Win Suffrage
Women push for the right to voteWomen push for the right to vote Three developments made it possible:Three developments made it possible:
– Increase activismIncrease activism– Built enthusiasm for the movementBuilt enthusiasm for the movement– Rebirth of movement under Carrie Chatman Rebirth of movement under Carrie Chatman
CattCatt
Women Win SuffrageWomen Win Suffrage
By 1912, only 5 states had suffrage for By 1912, only 5 states had suffrage for womenwomen
Local Suffrage BattlesLocal Suffrage Battles– Educated womenEducated women– Used door-to-door campaignUsed door-to-door campaign– Women go to EnglandWomen go to England– Emmeline Pankhurst- British suffragistEmmeline Pankhurst- British suffragist
Catt and the National MovementCatt and the National Movement– Carrie Chapman Catt-1900-1904 (NWSA)Carrie Chapman Catt-1900-1904 (NWSA)– Five tactics of CattFive tactics of Catt
Five Tactics of CattFive Tactics of Catt
Ladylikebehavior
Continuous Lobbying
EstablishingSupport
Ties w/ local,State, & national workers
Organization
Tactics
Catt & National MovementCatt & National Movement
Lucy Burns & Alice PaulLucy Burns & Alice Paul– National Women’s PartyNational Women’s Party
1919- 191919- 19thth Amendment Amendment– 72 years after women meet.72 years after women meet.
The Limits of ProgressivismThe Limits of Progressivism
Wilson wouldn’t support social reform as Wilson wouldn’t support social reform as much.much.
Wilson and Civil RightsWilson and Civil Rights– Wilson retreated once in the White House on Wilson retreated once in the White House on
civil rights.civil rights.– He appointed Southerners who extended He appointed Southerners who extended
segregation.segregation. The Twilight of ProgressivismThe Twilight of Progressivism
– War in Europe would put progressive ideas on War in Europe would put progressive ideas on hold.hold.
Final ThoughtsFinal Thoughts How did the Clayton Antitrust Act benefit labor?How did the Clayton Antitrust Act benefit labor?
– It recognized the legality of labor unions, It recognized the legality of labor unions, strikes, peaceful picketing, boycotts, and strike strikes, peaceful picketing, boycotts, and strike benefits; it limited the use of injunctions in benefits; it limited the use of injunctions in court disputes.court disputes.
Cite two examples of social welfare legislation Cite two examples of social welfare legislation that Wilson opposed during his presidency and that Wilson opposed during his presidency and the arguments he used to defend his position.the arguments he used to defend his position.– Child labor laws, because he felt they were Child labor laws, because he felt they were
unconstitutional; federal antilynching laws, unconstitutional; federal antilynching laws, because he believed such crimes fell under because he believed such crimes fell under state jurisdictions.state jurisdictions.