THE P

ROGRESSIVE E

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ES

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OV

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WOMEN’S SUFFRAGEThe Problem

Women were not given the right to vote, but wanted it

Paid less than men

Confining gender expectations

Leaders

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

- Seneca Falls Convention

-“Declaration of Sentiments”

-National Woman Suffrage Association

Alice Paul

-Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage (National Woman’s Party)

-”Silent Sentinels”

- Change on federal level

WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE

Methods

Civil Disobedience- Protests, Boycotts, Marches/Picketing

Organization/Conferences

Writing

Unions

Accomplishments

19th Amendment- Women’s Right to Vote

Made Women’s Rights a National Issue

Women’s Bureau of Department of Labor

CONSUMER PROTECTION

Problem

Food unfit to eat

Food processing and storage unsafe

Poisonous materials used in consumer products

Rats, bugs, spoiled food, etc. permitted in factories

Leaders

Upton Sinclair

-Writer (Muckraker)

- The Jungle

-Appeal to Reason

CONSUMER PROTECTION

Methods

Writing

Photography

Raise Awareness to inspire public outrage and action

Accomplishments

Pure Food and Drug Act

Government Regulations on food and medicine

Federal Meat Inspection Act

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

WORKING CONDITIONS

Problems

Triangle Factory Fire

Unfair Wages

Unfair Hours

Unsafe Conditions

Leaders

Women’s Trade Union League

United Mine Workers Union

John Siney

International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union

WORKING CONDITIONS

Methods

Strikes

Protests

Political Activity

Cooperation with business owners

Organization/Unions

Accomplishments

8-hour work day

Safety regulations

Committee on Public Safety

Factory Investigating Commission

American Society of Safety Engineers

Federal Legislation passed

CHILD LABOR

Problems

Dangerous working conditions for children

Accidents

Exposure to high levels of heat, fumes

Children working, not in school

Prevented children from becoming productive, healthy adults

Leaders

Theodore Roosevelt

John Spargo

-The Bitter Cry of the Children

CHILD LABOR

Methods

Muckrakers exposed conditions

Raised Awareness

Sought federal legislation regulations

Call for fewer working hours

Accomplishments

Children’s Bureau

Keating-Owen Act- regulated Child Labor conditions, hours, and wages

Taxes on businesses

Smith-Hughes Act- one million dollars to states to improve education programs

Bans on child labor

TEMPERANCE/PROHIBITION

Problem

Immorality

Alcohol Abuse

Alcoholism

Violence

Poverty

Leaders

Jacob Riis

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

Anti-Saloon League

Carrie Nation

CIVIL RIGHTS

Problems

Legal Segregation

Discrimination

Unemployment

Leaders

Booker T. Washington

W.E.B. du Bois

Ida B. Wells

TEMPERANCE/PROHIBITION

Methods

Organization

Revolt against saloon owners

Marches

Raise awareness

Accomplishments

Made Temperance and Prohibition a national issue

18th Amendment- Prohibition of Alcohol in the U.S.

CIVIL RIGHTS

Methods

Organization- Niagara Movement, NAACP

Created schools- Tuskegee Institute

Raised Awareness

Civil Disobedience- Protests, boycotts, marches

Appeal to political reform

Writing

Accomplishments

Raised awareness about social and political inequality

Made Segregation a national issue

13th, 14th, 15th Amendments

Made small strides in gaining equality for African Americans in the U.S.

CONSERVATION

Problems

Exploitation and Over-consumption of natural resources

Pollution

Mismanagement of raw materials

“Tradition of Waste”

Leaders

Theodore Roosevelt

Gifford Pinchot

John Muir

CONSERVATION

Methods

Call for government regulations of businesses with regards to harvesting and use of raw materials

Raised awareness

Scientific studies

Accomplishments

National Parks

National Forests

Newlands Act

Inland Waterways Commission

National Conservation Commission

GOVERNMENT REFORMS

Problems

Corruption

Voting Fraud

Bribery of Government Officials

Political Bosses

Distribution of power

Leaders

Theodore Roosevelt

Robert LaFollette

Jacob Riis

GOVERNMENT REFORMS

Methods

Passed legislation

Call for direct primaries and more control by the people

Raised awareness of problems in the government

Accomplishments

Direct Primaries- people elect political candidates

Regulations/Taxes on Railroads

Reformed taxes on big businesses

Discouraged political bosses

Gave people more direct control over government

BIG BUSINESS

Problems

Monopolies

Unregulated business practices

Mistreatment of workers

Interfered in government practices

Leaders

Theodore Roosevelt

William Howard Taft

BIG BUSINESS

Methods

Passed federal laws

Raised awareness

Targeted monopolies and trusts

Accomplishments

-Expedition Act

-Interstate Commerce Commission

-Hepburn Act

-Northern Securities v. United States

-Federal Reserve Act

-Clayton Antitrust Act

-Federal Trade Commission

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

What circumstances created the social or political conditions that eventually needed to be reformed?

How did individuals and groups influence social and political change in the United States between 1890-1920?

What actions were taken to create social and political change in the United States between 1890-1920?

What lasting impact did reform movements have on American life during the Progressive Era and today?