Washington to Monroe

THE PRESIDENTS

Honesty Speaking AbilityIntelligence Leadership SkillsAppearance ToughnessExperience AgeEducation HealthReligious Affiliation DecisivenessGender Family StructureEthnic Background Position on

IssuesFinancial Resources

Compassion

Presidential QualitiesPick the MOST and LEAST Important

1. How many individuals have served as president?

2. How many Presidents have been assassinated?

3. How many incidents have there been where both father and son have served as President? Name them.

4. Who served the shortest Presidential term?

Longest?5. How many Presidents have been divorced?

How much do you know about our Presidents?

America in 1790

George Washington:set precedents for Pres.selection of a Cabinet to advise him

Whiskey RebellionHamilton’s economic policies- bank of U.S. –money system

Mount Vernon

Washington’s Teeth

President Political Party Significant Events

Presidential Chart

Washington

Federalist

-Judiciary Act of 1789-Cabinet-Hamilton’s economic plan-Washington, D.C.-Whiskey Rebellion

• Jay’s Treaty- w/ British- unpopular in U.S.

• XYZ Affair- sent representatives to negotiate with France because of trade issues- they demanded a bribe before they would even talk with U.S. reps

• -made U.S. furious!

John Adams

Alien and Sedition Acts- gave gov’t right to deport or imprison any foreigner suspected of being a danger to the U.S.- constitutional??

Dem.-Rep. strongly opposed the Alien and Sedition Acts because it conflicts with the Bill Of Rights

Did not have enough votes in Congress to over rule them- federal judges all appointed by Federalists so……

Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

They tried to go through the state legislatures to get them changed

- their argument was that state legislatures have the right to judge the constitutionality of federal laws and nullify laws that infringe on the liberties listed in the Bill of Rights

President Political Party Significant Events

Presidential Chart- J. Adams

-XYZ Affair-Alien and Sedition Act-Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions-Jay’s Treaty

Consisted of the wealthier people (bankers, merchants, plantation owners) led by educated elite

Feared the “excesses of democracy.” Distrusted common people.

Strongest in the North (New England)

FEDERALISTS Alexander Hamilton

Wanted a strong central govt. Economy based on shipping and manufacturing

Believed in a loose interpretation of the Constitution- (write meaning in your notes)

Federalists:

Thomas JeffersonMonticello

1. Consisted of more common people (farmers, city workers)

2. Believed government should work for the common man

3. Strongest in the south and west. (Small farmers)

4. Limited govt.- felt power should be shared with the state and local govt.

5. Believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution

DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANSThomas Jefferson

Strict Interpretation - Only those powers that are written into the Constitution should be allowed

Loose interpretation – implied powers – those that believe in a loose interpretation follow the “necessary and proper” clause, also known as the “elastic clause”

“The Constitution was not made to fit us like a strait jacket. In its elasticity lies its chief greatness”

Woodrow Wilson

Interpretation???

“When the experiment of our government was undertaken . . .(our guide). . .was the Constitution. Departure from the lines there laid down is failure. It is only by strict adherence to the direction they indicate . . . That we can furnish proof to the world of the fitness of the American people for self government.”

-President Grover Cleveland

Interpretation???

Jefferson’s Philosophy1. Faith in the “common man”

(farmers) Wanted lower voting

qualifications Disliked special privileges – he

lived very informally.2. Believed agriculture should be the

basis of the economy. He didn’t encourage industrialization

JEFFERSON’S PRESIDENCY

He wanted to simplify govt. (cut bureaucracy)

He wanted to dismantle Alexander Hamilton’s Program (Federalist)

Reduce influence of National Bank Hamilton was later killed in a

“gentlemen’s duel” by Aaron Burr3. Reversed the Alien and Sedition Acts

He changed the citizenship requirements from 14 yrs to 5 yrs.

Pardoned and/or repaid those convicted of sedition

Jefferson’s Program

Fought the Judiciary “Midnight Judges” - Pres.

John Adams (Federalist) had appointed federalist judges prior to Jefferson’s inauguration.

Jefferson refused the appointments and the case went to the supreme court – Marbury vs. Madison – the Supreme Court created judicial review giving it the authority to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional (Chief Justice John Marshall)

1803-Louisiana Purchase – Jefferson sent reps. To offer to buy port of New Orleans

-French offered the whole territory-$15 million

-bought the LA Territory from the French (who needed the $ to fight the British). Boosted morale and doubled US territory.

Jefferson’s Presidency:

Jefferson questioned the constitutionality of this because this power is not granted in the Constitution

This was part of “Manifest Destiny” – belief that the US should extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific

Louisiana Purchase

Lewis and Clark along with translator and guide Sacajawea explored to:

find a water route to the Pacific

Collect scientific data Survey terrain Exploration lasted 2yrs 4mos.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Sacajawea

Presidential Chart- Jefferson

Democ.- Republican - Fought appointments of Midnight Justices by Adams

- Marbury v. Madison-La. Purchase- Lewis and Clark

Expedition- 1st Pres. under a new

political party’- “common man”- -strict interpretation of

Constitution

War of 1812 – “Mr. Madison’s War”

Causes: British impressment of American sailors

Trouble with Indians that Americans blamed on the British

James Madison -4TH President

Washington, D.C. was burned Francis Scott Key writes the

“Star Spangled Banner” during the battle at Fort McHenry in Baltimore

Battle of New Orleans – Andrew Jackson was the hero – “Old Hickory”

Treaty of Ghent – ends war- 1814

Battles of the War of 1812

Jackson Square in New Orleans

Presidential Chart- Madison

– “Era of Good Feeling”The Missouri Compromise –

1820 Missouri applied for

admission as a slave state This started arguments in

Congress over whether or not to allow slave states in the new territory

James Monroe – 5th President

The Missouri Compromise stated:1.Maine was entered as a free state2.Missouri was entered as a slave state (maintained balance – 12 slave states & 12 free states)

3.36 degree 30 degree Parallel – all territory north would be free and all territory south would be slave

*This ended nationalism and encouraged sectionalism

Missouri Compromise

This period in Amer. History known as the “Era of Good Feeling”- good times!

Adams – Onis Treaty 1819- U.S. got Florida from Spain

1823- Monroe Doctrine- Latin American countries were getting their independence- America was concerned that European nations might renew their interest in colonies in the Western Hemisphere- document written to announce the west was closed for colonization

Also under Monroe:

Presidential Chart- Monroe

Dem- RepMonroe

-Missouri Comp.-Adams-Onis Treaty-Monroe Doctrine

Election of 1824 (Adams vs. Jackson)

Jackson won the popular election, but didn’t win the electoral vote

Vote went into the House of Representatives who elected Adams and Henry Clay (“unholy coalition”)

* Angered Andrew Jackson

John Quincy Adams