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Arts Based Teaching Methods
Tools for Pre-service Teachers
to Engage Diverse Learners
Dan HechenbergerJaehwan Byun
Dept. of Curriculum and InstructionSouthern Illinois University Carbondale
July 29, 2007
Sensory Sensory Exercise Exercise
Dramatic SoliloquyDramatic Soliloquy
Hi
Dan!
Standardized
tests!!! and
NCLB!!!
Bye-Bye~
Arts Based Teaching Method
1.1.IntroductionIntroduction
2.2. Key Scholars & Their Key Scholars & Their
ResearchResearch
3. Intent3. Intent
4. Arts Based Teaching 4. Arts Based Teaching
ModelModel
5. Question and Answer5. Question and Answer
ContentsContentsArts Based Teaching Method
IntroductionIntroduction
Why Arts as a Teaching Method?Why Arts as a Teaching Method?1. Teaching can be performed with such skill and grace that the experience can be justifiably characterized as aesthetic.
2. Teachers [and Students] make judgments based largely on qualities that unfold during the course of action.
3. The teacher’s [and Students’] activity is not dominated by prescriptions or routines but is influenced by qualities and contingencies that are unpredicted.
4. The ends teaching achieves are often created in process. (Educational Imagination, 1985)
Elliot Eisner
Arts Based Teaching Method
IntroductionIntroduction
What is Arts Based Teaching?What is Arts Based Teaching?Works of
ARTWORKS of
artTo
composeTo direct
To write
To paint
To conduct
To sculpt
paintingsopera
literature
plays
songs
sculptures
As A Designing As A Designing classclass
As A Class ItselfAs A Class Itself
Arts Based Teaching Method
IntroductionIntroduction
What is Arts Based Teaching?What is Arts Based Teaching?Therefore, Arts Based Teaching has two meanings, as the arts do:
• First, Arts Based Teaching means the process of designing a teaching-learning environment.
• Secondly, Arts Based Teaching means the various artistic methods (from visual, auditory, performing, and literary arts), including critique, used and integrated by teachers in classroom instruction.
Arts Based Teaching Method
The Gardner and Eisner Song: To the music of “Guantanamera.” Music by Jose Fernandez Dias, adapted by Pete Seeger & Julian Orban.
In Rise Up Singing, ed. Peter Blood-Patterson. Bethlehem, PA: Sing Out Corporation, 1988.
Let’s Sing!Let’s Sing!
Refrain: Gardner and Eisner, I said now, Gardner and Eisner.
Gardner and Eisner Arts Integration on both, or on either.
Verse 1: Howard Gardner played piano. Elliot Eisner taught visual art. They moved into theory, of education – it’s easy to see.
Refrain (see above)
Verse 2: Intelligence multiple for Gardner in theory; Eisner’s Arts in education is both sound and cheery.
It’s like a foundation for sculpture so fine, and we can use it to build healthy minds.
Refrain (see above)
Arts Based Teaching Method
Key scholars & their Key scholars & their researchresearch
KEY SCHOLAR Contributions for Arts Based Teaching Model
Foundation
Teaching as an arts,
Arts integrated
instruction
Elliot EisnerSee Eisner’s main ideaSee Eisner’s main idea
Foundation
Multiple intelligence
Howard GardnerSee Gardner’s main idea
Foundation
Reflective practice
Learning society
Donald Schon¨
Foundation
Arts as Experience
Aesthetics on
Education
John Dewey
Foundation
Constructivism
Project based
approach
Spiral curriculumJerome Bruner
Foundation
Constructivism
Zone of Proximal
Development
Lev Vygotsky
The concept of
Critique
Elisabeth Soep
Arts based method
Arts integration
Jack Petrash
Arts Based Teaching Method
Key scholars & their Key scholars & their researchresearch
• Arts-Based Instruction supports cognitive growth. It heightens observation and furthers the development of higher order thinking by fostering a wide range of brain activity (Healy 1990, 125). It does this because it involves children on so many levels.
Arts-Based Instruction should not be limited to guest specialists-dancers, painters, sculptors, and musicians-who come into the school and engage children in isolated artistic activities. Art can infuse all instruction-science, language arts, history, even math-especially in the elementary school. (Jack Petrash. 2002)
Arts Based Teaching Method
IntentIntent
• ...arts integration, an instructional strategy that brings the arts into the core of the school day and connects the arts across the curriculum. Arts-integrated programs are associated with academic gains across the curriculum as reflected in standardized test scores, and they appear to have more powerful effects on the achievement of struggling students than more conventional arts education programs do (Rabkin & Redmond, 2004).
Arts Based Teaching Method
IntentIntent
• Working definition of Arts based Teaching Methods:
• Process oriented methods derived from the four realms of the arts: visual, auditory, performance, and literary.
• Critique, a method common to all of these artistic
realms, is perhaps the most powerful of the many methods. Critique augments any of the other Arts Based methods, such as story telling, living history, role playing, script writing, directing, producing media, writing poetry or song, interpretation,
singing or drawing. They can be used within any curriculum or academic approach.
Arts Based Teaching Method
IntentIntent
• Arts Based Teaching Methods are
building block in the Arts Integration
instructional strategy, where they are
used together with group projects
created by students, utilizing ongoing
critique, and then presented to an
audience beyond the classroom.
Arts Based Teaching Method
DancingDancingArts Based Teaching Method
Arts Based Teaching ModelArts Based Teaching Model
ArtsBasedTeachingMethod;Visual
ArtsBasedTeachingMethod;Auditory
ArtsBasedTeachingMethod;
Performance
ArtsBasedTeachingMethod;Literary
Critique Critique Critique Critique
Arts Based Teaching Method
Arts Arts IntegrateIntegrated d InstructiInstructionon
Explanation of ModelExplanation of Model
• Arts based Methods: Visual painting or drawing, sculpting, - visual arts• Arts based Methods: Auditory
singing, performing instrumental music, storytelling - auditory arts
• Arts based Methods: Performance acting, directing, costuming, stage
designing, puppetry, Dancing, miming – performing arts
• Arts based Methods: Literary Poetry, lyric composition, and other
creative writing - literary
Arts Based Teaching Method
• Critique is a specific form of assessment, marked by some defining qualities. It involves face-to-face interaction, in contrast to written evaluations offered after a piece of work is complete. When they are engaged in critique, students speak spontaneously about a given project, respond to feedback from others, and decide whether to modify their own aesthetic judgments in light of their critics’ reactions. Critique is, in this sense, a kind of spontaneous argumentation, as students consider the quality of a work and present their evaluations directly to the artist, who then has the opportunity to respond.
Arts Based Teaching Method
Explanation of ModelExplanation of Model
• Arts Based Teaching Methods are like
water, which takes the shape of the
vessel it is in (the vessel, in terms of
teaching, is the lesson).
• Critique is a special arts based
instructional method that is utilized from
the beginning of the lesson to the end ―
if it is to be used to its greatest potential.
Arts Based Teaching Method
Explanation of ModelExplanation of Model
SoliloquySoliloquy
SongSong
Paper Paper sculpturesculpture
CritiqueCritique The The
BuildinBuilding g
ofof
ARTSARTS
BASEDBASED
TEACHITEACHINGNG
METHOMETHODSDS
Visual artVisual art
Auditory Auditory artart
Performing Performing artart
LiteraryLiterary
CritiqueCritique
DiscussionDiscussion
•
Q & A•
Arts Based Teaching Method
• Finis• The End
•끝 !• 終 !
• FINAŁ • Fin
• Adios Amigos!
Arts Based Teaching Method
Back to slide
Multiple Multiple IntelligencesIntelligences
Howard Gardner
Back ground’s Image source:www.infoamerica.org/ teoria/gardner2.htm
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atu
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t
Inte
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rper
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Intra-Intra-personalpersonal
Visual,
Visual,
Spatial
Spatial
Lin
gu
isti
c,
Lin
gu
isti
c,
Verb
al
Verb
al
Bodily,
Bodily,
Kinesthe
Kinesthe
tictic
Back to slide
ReferencesReferences
Eisner, E. (2002). Eisner, E. (2002). The Arts and the creation of mind.The Arts and the creation of mind. New Haven: Y New Haven: Yale University Press.ale University Press.
________(1985) ________(1985) Educational ImaginationEducational Imagination. New York: Mcmillan.. New York: Mcmillan.
________(1985). Why art in education and why art education. In ________(1985). Why art in education and why art education. In BeBeyond creating: The place for art in America’s schools, A Report by tyond creating: The place for art in America’s schools, A Report by the Getty Center for education in the artshe Getty Center for education in the arts(pp. 64-69)(pp. 64-69).. U.S.: The J. P U.S.: The J. Paul Getty Trust.aul Getty Trust.
Gardner, H. (1999). Gardner, H. (1999). Intelligence reframed: Multiple intelligences foIntelligence reframed: Multiple intelligences for the 21st century. r the 21st century. New York: Basic Books. New York: Basic Books.
________(1993). ________(1993). Multiple intelligences: The Theory in practice.Multiple intelligences: The Theory in practice. Ne New York: Basic Books.w York: Basic Books.
Arts Based Teaching Method
• Kertes, T. (2002, May). Stanford professor addresses 300 at conference on arts education in New Jersey. Education Update Online. Retrieved February 11, 2003.
• Learning Through the Arts. http://www.ltta.ca/ Retrieved April 12, 2006.
• Oddleifson, E. (1995, May 18) Boston Public Schools as arts-integrated learning organizations: Developing a high standard of culture for all. An address to the Council of Elementary Principals meeting Boston, MA Public Schools. Hingham, MA: Center for Arts in the Basic Curriculum. http://www.newhorizons.org/stategies/arts/cabc/oddleifson3.htm Retrieved April 12, 2006.
• Petrash, J. (2002) Enlivening art through education. Encounter, 15.
• Rabkin, N. & Redmond, R. (2006, February). The Arts make a difference. Educational Leadership, 63, 60-64.
Arts Based Teaching Method
• Scanlon, J. (2006, February) Creativity Reading, writing, and creativity. BusinessWeek Online. Accessed March 10, 2006.
• Shakespeare, W. (1972) The Complete signet classic Shakespeare. Silvan Barnet, ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
• Soep, E. (2005, September) Critique: Where art meets assessment. Phi Delta Kappan, 87, 38-40;58-63.
• Tanner, F.A. (1972) Basic Drama Projects. 2nd Edition. Pocatello, Idaho: Clark Publishing Company
• Tapping into multiple intelligences. (2003) Retrieved February 11, 2003 from http://thirteen.org/edonline/concept2class/month1/#2
Arts Based Teaching Method
• The purpose of ABTM(Arts based teaching method) is to more effectively let students learn by moving their heart.
• So, in the whole process of ABTM, teacher should consider every side of the subject, for example behavioral, cognitive, intellectual domain like Bloom 's taxonomy.
• But, in the actual class environment which ABTM is performed, teacher should consider one more side, namely, students ' mind domain.
• In that time, the stage is as follows; • AISAS Taxonomy;
• Assimilation, Impression, Sympathy, A ttracting, Sensing.• high stage low st
age
• Arts Based Instruction allows and encourages usage of all six levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy. How?
Underlying PhilosophyUnderlying Philosophy
• Constructivism Relativist ontology
Subjectivist epistemology
Hermeneutic methodology
• Humanism
Arts Based Teaching Method
Syntax (elements)Syntax (elements)
• Fosters self-discipline• Nurtures creativity• Flexibility• Cooperative• Reflective• Engages judgment• Positive challenges• Sense of accomplishment• Appreciation of content
discipline• Experiential
Arts Based Teaching Method
Social SystemSocial System
• Cooperative
• Adaptable
• Engages students who often
resist participation
• Sometimes seems to be
Controlled chaos
Arts Based Teaching Method
Instructional Support Instructional Support system system
ABTM needs;
• To be modeled for the students
• Supportive atmosphere for the students
• Tolerance for individual student’s perspectives
• Appropriate space for arts activity
• Appropriate props or instruments
Arts Based Teaching Method
Effects on StudentsEffects on Students
• Positive engagement in the lesson
• Builds confidence• Nurtures expressive skills• Fosters flexibility and tolerance• Nurtures creativity• Helps develop discipline
stemming from within the arts method
• Higher level thinking• Skill of critique
Arts Based Teaching Method