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The Portland Street Building

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Presentation Presentation of the buildingof the building

Building Building conceptconcept

ConclusionsConclusions

The Portland The Portland Street BuildingStreet Building

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Design IssueDesign Issue

MonitoringMonitoring

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Building presentation (1...)

The Portland Street Building was designed by the Architects department of Hampshire County Council.

The building was built for the University of Portsmouth and houses the Faculty for the Built Environment.

The building is E-shaped. The building has four storeys. The upper and lower wings contain teaching rooms and offices. The central wing contains the main lecture theatre above a ground floor restaurant. The main spine of the building houses a resource centre. Between the resource centre and the wings there is a full height atrium.

The Portland Street Building was designed by the Architects department of Hampshire County Council.

The building was built for the University of Portsmouth and houses the Faculty for the Built Environment.

The building is E-shaped. The building has four storeys. The upper and lower wings contain teaching rooms and offices. The central wing contains the main lecture theatre above a ground floor restaurant. The main spine of the building houses a resource centre. Between the resource centre and the wings there is a full height atrium.

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Building presentation (2...)

Plan view of Plan view of ground floorground floorPlan view of Plan view of ground floorground floor

Atrium

Teaching rooms & offices

Teaching rooms & offices

Main lecture theatre

Resource centre

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Building presentation (3|)

Central atriumCentral atriumCentral atriumCentral atrium

Plan view of Plan view of 2nd floor2nd floor

Plan view of Plan view of 2nd floor2nd floor

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The Design Issue The design brief called for:

an energy efficient building and, for the creation of a stimulating and

life enhancing environment for education

The design conditions were: For winter: 20oC and 40 %

minimum RH For summer: 25oC and 65 % RH

The design brief called for: an energy efficient building and, for the creation of a stimulating and

life enhancing environment for education

The design conditions were: For winter: 20oC and 40 %

minimum RH For summer: 25oC and 65 % RH

Southern wing Southern wing Southern wing Southern wing

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The building concept (1...)

The risk of overheating in summer time is reduced by:

1. The use of night cooling:

Night cooling is a method to improve comfort by enhancing cooling to occupants during the day. This is achieved by ventilating the building at night to cool down the building fabric which can then absorb the heat of the day.

In this building night cooling is provided to all areas via trickle ventilators, openable windows and the natural air extract paths, which can be supplemented by fans in the towers if necessary.

2. The reduction of solar gains:

All office windows have internal blinds which are manually controlled.

The Indoor Air Quality during the office hours in winter and summer time can be controlled by opening the trickle vents

The risk of overheating in summer time is reduced by:

1. The use of night cooling:

Night cooling is a method to improve comfort by enhancing cooling to occupants during the day. This is achieved by ventilating the building at night to cool down the building fabric which can then absorb the heat of the day.

In this building night cooling is provided to all areas via trickle ventilators, openable windows and the natural air extract paths, which can be supplemented by fans in the towers if necessary.

2. The reduction of solar gains:

All office windows have internal blinds which are manually controlled.

The Indoor Air Quality during the office hours in winter and summer time can be controlled by opening the trickle vents

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The building concept (2...) night cooling

The building is primarily naturally ventilated with a combination of single-sided, cross- and stack-ventilation.

The different elements:

Supply: Natural ventilation is achieved via openable windows in all rooms. All windows also have trickle ventilators.

Extraction: Some of the rooms are ventilated via a plenum in the corridor ceiling connected to the staircases which are glazed at the top to form ‘solar towers’. The staircases act as solar towers extracting air from the first three floors.

Fan-assisted: The towers also have fans to assist with night purging if necessary.

Thermal mass: The thermal mass of the building is accessible (= can be cooled down by night cooling !) The building has exposed ceilings.

The building is primarily naturally ventilated with a combination of single-sided, cross- and stack-ventilation.

The different elements:

Supply: Natural ventilation is achieved via openable windows in all rooms. All windows also have trickle ventilators.

Extraction: Some of the rooms are ventilated via a plenum in the corridor ceiling connected to the staircases which are glazed at the top to form ‘solar towers’. The staircases act as solar towers extracting air from the first three floors.

Fan-assisted: The towers also have fans to assist with night purging if necessary.

Thermal mass: The thermal mass of the building is accessible (= can be cooled down by night cooling !) The building has exposed ceilings.

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The building concept (3...) night cooling

SOLAR TOWER: fan-assisted if

natural forces are insufficient

Openable windows and trickle vents

The three lower floors in the wing are connected to the staircases. The top floor is mainly cross ventilated via clerestory windows

Plenum which connects rooms with staircases &

solar towers

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The building concept (4|) night cooling

Internal view: exposed Internal view: exposed ceilings & connection to ceilings & connection to corridor plenumcorridor plenum

Internal view: exposed Internal view: exposed ceilings & connection to ceilings & connection to corridor plenumcorridor plenum

Solar TowersSolar TowersSolar TowersSolar Towers

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Monitoring the building (1...) The building was monitored for a period in winter and summer. The monitored rooms were an office and a seminar room on the 1st and

2nd floors (Winter), and on the 1st floor (Summer). The rooms were used normally by the occupants during both monitoring

periods.

Monitored parameters: Internal and external CO2 concentration as an indicator of IAQ. Internal and external water vapour levels, a secondary IAQ indicator. Fresh air flow rates and local wind speed and direction. External air and internal air and globe temperatures.

The building was monitored for a period in winter and summer. The monitored rooms were an office and a seminar room on the 1st and

2nd floors (Winter), and on the 1st floor (Summer). The rooms were used normally by the occupants during both monitoring

periods.

Monitored parameters: Internal and external CO2 concentration as an indicator of IAQ. Internal and external water vapour levels, a secondary IAQ indicator. Fresh air flow rates and local wind speed and direction. External air and internal air and globe temperatures.

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Monitoring the building (2|)

MonitoredSeminar Room

Office Office OfficeMonitoredOffice Office

OfficeOffice

Seminar Room Seminar

Room

Corridor

MonitoredOffice

ModelMaking

OfficeTutorial

MonitoredSeminarRoom

Office

Studio Studio

1st FLOOR

2nd FLOOR

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Winter monitoring (1...)

During February 1997 four rooms on the 1st and 2nd floor in the ‘office and seminar’ wing were monitored.

The offices have single-sided ventilation, the seminar rooms are cross ventilated via openable windows and grilles to the corridor ceiling plenum.

On the next slides results are given of: Tracer gas measurements (Air change rate) CO2 -concentration measurements Temperature measurements

During February 1997 four rooms on the 1st and 2nd floor in the ‘office and seminar’ wing were monitored.

The offices have single-sided ventilation, the seminar rooms are cross ventilated via openable windows and grilles to the corridor ceiling plenum.


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Winter monitoring (2...) air change rates

Air change rates in the 1st floor seminar room were higher than for the office: Higher air change rates tend to coincide with occupancy.

Air change rates were adequate in both rooms: the CO2 -concentrations were acceptable - (see next slide)

Air change rates in the 1st floor seminar room were higher than for the office: Higher air change rates tend to coincide with occupancy.

Air change rates were adequate in both rooms: the CO2 -concentrations were acceptable - (see next slide)

Air change rates in 1st floor office and seminar room

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1st floor seminar

1st floor office

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Winter monitoring (3...) CO2-concentrations

CO2 concentrations are generally below 1000 ppm (= acceptable).

Increased levels of CO2 coincide with occupancy, evidence of window opening can be seen on some occasions.

CO2 concentrations are generally below 1000 ppm (= acceptable).

Increased levels of CO2 coincide with occupancy, evidence of window opening can be seen on some occasions.

Carbon dioxide concentrations in 2nd floor rooms.

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(pp

m) CO2 2nd floor office

CO2 2nd floor seminar

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Temperatures fell below the 20°C minimum on some occasions: The heating system was not operating properly during this winter period.

Globe temperatures were lower than air temperatures showing the effect of thermal mass.

Temperatures fell below the 20°C minimum on some occasions: The heating system was not operating properly during this winter period.

Globe temperatures were lower than air temperatures showing the effect of thermal mass.

Winter monitoring (4|) temperatures

External air and internal air and globe temperature for 1st floor seminar room.

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oC

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Internal Air Temperature

External Air Temperature

Internal Globe Temperature

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Summer Monitoring (1...)

During June 1997 two rooms on the 1st floor of the ‘office and seminar’ wing were monitored.

During this period the occupancy of both rooms varied considerably.


During June 1997 two rooms on the 1st floor of the ‘office and seminar’ wing were monitored.

During this period the occupancy of both rooms varied considerably.


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Air change rates were higher in the seminar room than the office. Higher ventilation rates generally coincide with occupancy.

Air change rates were adequate. Night cooling is used, but with no control.

Air change rates were higher in the seminar room than the office. Higher ventilation rates generally coincide with occupancy.

Air change rates were adequate. Night cooling is used, but with no control.

Summer Monitoring (2...) air change rates

Air change rate in 1st floor rooms

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4/6/97 16:54 7/6/97 1:58 9/6/97 11:26 11/6/97 21:30 14/6/97 8:11 16/6/97 19:46 19/6/97 7:10

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ACH 1st floor seminar room

ACH 1st floor office

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CO2 concentrations peak at about 1400 ppm and are generally below 1000 ppm.

Increased CO2 -concentrations coincide with increased occupancy.

CO2 concentrations peak at about 1400 ppm and are generally below 1000 ppm.

Increased CO2 -concentrations coincide with increased occupancy.

Summer Monitoring (3...) CO2-concentrations

Carbon dioxide concentrations in 1st floor rooms

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4/6/97 16:50 6/6/97 23:36 9/6/97 6:45 11/6/97 14:27 13/6/97 22:42 16/6/97 7:46 18/6/97 16:51

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1st floor office

1st floor seminar

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Summer Monitoring (4|) temperatures

The internal design value of 25°C was not exceeded, even though the 27°C external value was exceeded on many occasions.

Globe temperatures were generally lower by about 1 to 2°C than the corresponding air temperature, indicating the effect of thermal mass.

Sometimes there was even an overcooling problem, especially during cooler spells.

The internal design value of 25°C was not exceeded, even though the 27°C external value was exceeded on many occasions.

Globe temperatures were generally lower by about 1 to 2°C than the corresponding air temperature, indicating the effect of thermal mass.

Sometimes there was even an overcooling problem, especially during cooler spells.

External air and internal air and globe temperatures for 1st floor rooms.

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4/6/97 18:00 8/6/97 12:00 12/6/97 6:00 16/6/97 0:00 19/6/97 18:00

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Globe temp 1st floor seminar

Globe temp 1st floor office

External temp

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Conclusions (1...) Winter indoor climate

Adequate ventilation is provided. The IAQ is acceptable Comfort is generally maintained, though there were some low temperatures.

Summer indoor climate: Acceptable ventilation is provided. Comfortable internal temperatures are maintained. There is no problem of

overheating. Some overcooling did occur on a small number of occasions.

The Portland Street Building makes use of night cooling. Cooler night-time air is drawn in via trickle ventilators in the window frames. Exhaust air leaves via louvred vents in the solar towers.

The monitoring results prove that high thermal mass and night ventilation in combination with shading devices can be used to reduce internal temperatures and maintain comfort. However some form of control strategy is essential to prevent overcooling, especially during cooler spells.

Winter indoor climate Adequate ventilation is provided. The IAQ is acceptable Comfort is generally maintained, though there were some low temperatures.

Summer indoor climate: Acceptable ventilation is provided. Comfortable internal temperatures are maintained. There is no problem of

overheating. Some overcooling did occur on a small number of occasions.

The Portland Street Building makes use of night cooling. Cooler night-time air is drawn in via trickle ventilators in the window frames. Exhaust air leaves via louvred vents in the solar towers.

The monitoring results prove that high thermal mass and night ventilation in combination with shading devices can be used to reduce internal temperatures and maintain comfort. However some form of control strategy is essential to prevent overcooling, especially during cooler spells.

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Conclusions (2|)

Figure 16. Portland Street Building, internal and external air temperatures and internal slab temperatures over three months in summer 1997

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10:02:00 18/06/1997

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18:07:00 19/07/1997

16:58:00 02/08/97

02:58:00 13/08/1997

12:58:00 23/08/1997

Date and Time

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external air temperature

internal air temperature

slab temperature

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Conclusions - Night cooling High thermal mass and night ventilation can be used to reduce internal

temperatures and maintain comfort. Some form of control strategy is essential to prevent overcooling, especially

during cooler spells.

High thermal mass and night ventilation can be used to reduce internal temperatures and maintain comfort.

Some form of control strategy is essential to prevent overcooling, especially during cooler spells.

More information...

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Find more information on the PROBE building in the following documents:

\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports\gb3summ.pdf global presentation of the buildings (4p./building) contents: building description - ventilation strategy and technology -

winter and summer monitoring results - conclusions

\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Detailed Reports\gb3det.pdf detailed reports of all 19 monitoring campaigns (20p./campaign) contents: monitoring set up - analysis of results - conclusions

Find more information on the PROBE building in the following documents:

\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports\gb3summ.pdf global presentation of the buildings (4p./building) contents: building description - ventilation strategy and technology -

winter and summer monitoring results - conclusions

\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Detailed Reports\gb3det.pdf detailed reports of all 19 monitoring campaigns (20p./campaign) contents: monitoring set up - analysis of results - conclusions

You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader ®3.0. Program. This program is free.

Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory \Installation

You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader ®3.0. Program. This program is free.

Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory \Installation

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