the plantright pre: a new screening process for invasiveness christiana conser project scientist...
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The PlantRight PRE: A New Screening
Process for InvasivenessChristiana Conser
Project ScientistPlantRight, Sustainable Conservation
Invasive Ornamental Plant SymposiumChicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL
October 3, 2013
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Economic impact of nursery and landscape industrySource: CANGC 2010
CA’s Top 20 Commodies (sales and rank values (2002-2008)
CA Nursery & Floral Sales (Total and as a % of Total Ag Sales)
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Bradley et al. 2011
Global Trade
Drivers of New Plant Introductions
Regional • New housing starts• Consumer demand• Interest in novel and exotic
plants• Increased demand for
xeriscaping• Water restrictions• Adaptations to climate change
scenarios
Technological • Advances in plant breeding
and propagation
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Rate of new plant introductionsNumber of commercially available cultivars (1987 to 2008)
Drew et al. 2010
20,000
105,000
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48%37%
13% Horticultural/ornamental
Seed/other contaminant
Dye, medicinal, forage
Aquarium trade
2%
Bell 2007
Historical Invasive Plant Pathways for California% of Total Invasive Plants Accidentally or Intentionally Introduced to California
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A plant that does not naturally occur in a specific region but whose introduction causes or is likely to cause harm to the environment, economy or to human health.
Photo | California Invasive Plant Council, Beth Hendrickson
What is an Invasive Plant?
What is not an Invasive Plant?
Garden weedsNon-native ornamental plants
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• Abundant flowers
• Easy to propagate
• Grows quickly
• Weather/soil tolerant
• Resistant to pests and disease
• Broad germination
• Establish rapidly
• Use up limited resources
• Weather/soil tolerant
• Resistant to pests and disease
Ornamental Traits
Invasive Traits
Photo | UC Davis ArboretumPhoto | California Invasive Plant Council, Beth Hendrickson
Comparison of Invasive and Ornamental Traits
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Weed Risk Assessment
Pheloung et al. 1999
• 49 Questions• Biogeography/Historical
• Domestication/Cultivation• Climate and Distribution• Weed Elsewhere
• Biology/Ecology• Undesirable Traits• Plant Type• Reproduction• Dispersal Mechanisms• Persistence Attributes
• Used in Australia & other parts of the world
Photo | AQIS
Australian WRA
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Comparison of global WRA model accuracy
Austra
lia
Hawai
i
Czech
Rep
ublic
Japa
n
Vario
us
Flor
ida
Spai
nIta
ly0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Invasive PlantsNon-Invasive Plants
All WRA’s have low accuracy for non-invasive plants
Weed Risk Assessment
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• Revised Q37 (NAPPRA-Not allow pending risk assessment)
• All nursery stock requires a pre-import risk analysis
• Evaluate the ability of a species to spread outside cultivation
• APHIS WRA modeled from Australia’s WRA
• Impact on imports for nursery industry unknown
USDA-APHIS-PPQ
Koop et al. 2011
Weed Risk Assessment
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• High accuracy for non-invasive plants• Predict regional invasiveness• Screen sterile and non-sterile cultivars• Screen plants early in the R&D process• Rapid screenings, quick results• Provide real-time risk assessment for
invasiveness• Updated with new information as it
becomes available
WRA adapted for screening ornamental plants
PlantRight Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE)
Photo | UC Davis Arboretum
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• Taxonomy• Cultivar names• Invasive history in CA, US,
world• Climate suitability for CA• Difficulty of control• Negative environmental
impacts• Reproductive strategies• Dispersal • Growth rate
Types of screening questions
Photo | UC Davis Arboretum
PlantRight Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE)
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Screening Procedure & Data Collection
Protocol adapted from Gordon et al. 2010
PlantRight Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE)
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PlantRight PRE Scoring
Invasive>19Non-invasive<14Evaluate Further=15-18
PlantRight Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE)
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PlantRight PRE
Australian WRA
PlantRight PRE
Australian WRA
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Evaluator 1Evaluator 2Evaluator 3
Non-Invasive Invasive PlantRight PRE had high accuracy for non-invasive plants
PlantRight Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE)Comparison with Australian WRA model
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Austra
lia
Hawaii
Czech
Rep
ublic
Japa
n
Various
Flor
ida
Spain
Italy
Califo
rnia (A
U-WRA)
Califo
rnia (P
R-PRE)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Invasive Plants
Non-Invasive Plants
PlantRight PRE has highest accuracy for non-invasive plants
Comparison with other WRA modelsPlantRight Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE)
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Protocol adapted from Gordon et al. 2010
PRE (Plant Risk Evaluation) TOOL
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Invasive>19Non-invasive<14Evaluate Further=15-18
PRE (Plant Risk Evaluation) TOOL
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• Taxonomy• Cultivar names• Invasive history• Climate suitability• Difficulty of control• Negative
environmental impacts• Reproductive
strategies• Dispersal • Growth rate
PRE (Plant Risk Evaluation) TOOL
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OPPORTUNITIES | BENEFICIAL INFO
Current taxonomy and synonyms
Ornamental and cultivation history, medicinal uses, etc.
Native range and regional climatic suitability information
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OPPORTUNITIES | BENEFICIAL INFO
Growth, reproduction and dispersal characteristics
Ecological information re: garden suitability
Patent information
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+
Add Climate Modeling To Evaluate the Regional Suitability of Plants
PlantRight Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE)
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Develop a Web-Based Tool and Database
MS-Excel Web-accessible database
Plant Breeders
Arboreta
Botanical Gardens
Retail Nurseries
Plant Buyers
Propagators
Growers
Plant Prospectors
PlantRight PRE
PlantRight Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE)
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Develop Rapid Screening (RS) ToolScreen most common plants in
ornamental tradeWater Use Classification of
Ornamental Landscape Species (WUCOLS)
PlantRight Pre-PRE rapid screening tool
PlantRight Plant Risk Evaluation (PRE)
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Christiana ConserPlantRight Project ScientistSustainable Conservation
www.PlantRight.org