The Periodic Table

Metals, Transition metals, Metalloids, and Non-metals

Groups and Periods

Periods• Horizontal Rows (1-7)

Periods

• Elements in periods are not similar. They are just in order of atomic number.

• The only similarity between these elements is that they increase by one proton as you go from left to right across the period.

Groups

• They have similar characteristics in many ways. If you know something about one element in that group, the others are close to the same.

• They have the same or close to the same numbers of valence electrons. This means they bond with the same elements.

Parts of the Periodic Table

• There are three main groups in the periodic table: 1) metals, 2) nonmetals, and 3) metalloids.

= Metal

= Nonmetal

= Metalloid

The Metal Group• Most of the elements in the periodic table are metals• Chemists classify an element as a metal based on physical

properties such as hardness, shininess, malleability, and ductility

• A malleable material is one that can be pounded into shapes

• A ductile material is one that can be pulled out, or drawn into a long wire

• Most metals are good conductors because they transmit heat and electricity easily

• Several elements in this group can be made into magnets• Their reactivity varies as you go from left to right. The

far left metals are very reactive while the far right metals are very unreactive.

The Transitional Metals

• Transitional metals form a bridge between very reactive metals on the left side of the periodic table and the less reactive metals and elements on the right side of the periodic table

• Transition metals are similar to one another• Most transition metals are hard and shiny• They are fairly stable metals and are good

conductors of electricity

The Nonmetal Group• Nonmetals are the elements that lack most of the

properties of metals• There are 17 nonmetals• Many of the nonmetals are very common elements

and extremely important to all living things on earth• Many nonmetal elements are gases at room

temperature and have low boiling points• The physical properties of nonmetals are opposite to

those that characterize metals• They are dull, not malleable or ductile, poor

conductors, and when in solid form, brittle.

The Metalloid Group

• On the border between metals and nonmetals are seven elements called metalloids

• Metalloids have some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals

• The most useful property of metalloids is their varying ability to conduct electricity

• Whether or not a metalloid conducts electricity is dependent upon temperature and exposure to light

• Nonmetals are also used to make semiconductors which are substances that under some conditions cannot carry electricity

Practice!

• You have 4 cards. Each one says either metal, metalloid, nonmetal, or transitional metal

• Each slide will contain a different element, you need to look and figure out which group it belongs to!

Ru

RuTransitional Metal

S

SNon-Metal

Be

BeMetal

Fe

FeTransitional Metal

Nb

NbTransitional Metal

Ne

NeNon-Metal

K

KMetal

Ge

GeMetalloid

Zr

ZrTransition Metal

Sb

SbMetalloid