The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table

The Table in General

• Columns (families)– Called families– Elements in a family have similar chemical

and physical properties– As you go from the top to the bottom of the

column the elements get larger.

This is column 1 the alkali metals

Draw an arrow down column one.

The Table in General• Rows (periods)

– Called periods– First element in a period is a very reactive

solid metal– Last element in a family is a very non-reactive

gas– Elements get less reactive as you move right

• Reactive means to lose electrons

– Elements become less metallic as you move to the right

This is Period 4

Draw an arrow across period four.

Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

• Shade this column yellow. • One electron in the valence shell

– Valence means the outer shell

• Soft, less dense metals• Most reactive of all metals• React with water to form bases• Never found free, alone, in nature• Used to make soap, salt, baking soda

Alkaline Earth Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

• Shade this column red

• Two electrons in the valance shell

• Harder, higher melting point, more dense than Alkali metals (column 1)

• Very reactive

• Never found free in nature

Transition Elements

Transition Elements

• Shade all these elements purple.

Transition Elements

• Good conductors of heat and electricity

• Higher melting point than first two families

• Some are hard and brittle

• Some combine with oxygen to form oxides

• Form brightly colored compounds

Rare Earth Elements

Rare Earth Elements

• Shade the elements light blue/teal.

• 1st Row Lanthanide Series– Soft, malleable, great conductors, used to make

alloys (mixed metals w/ metals or nonmetals)

• 2nd Row Actinide Series – all but three are synthetic, manmade.

Boron Family

Boron Family

• Shade all the elements Green.

• Three electrons in the valance shell

• Collection of "odd ducks" – boron is a metalloid – aluminum, gallium, indium and thallium

are poor metals

• Aluminum is the third most abundant element on earth.

Carbon Family

Carbon Family

• Shade all elements Dark Blue

• Four valence electrons

• Form organic compounds– Organic means alive or living

• Silicon is the second most abundant element on earth

• Tin resists Oxidation and Corrosion

• Lead is very dense and poisonous

Nitrogen Family

Nitrogen Family

• Shade this family Brown.

• Five electrons in the valance shell

• Stable, do not combine easily

• Nitrogen is the most abundant in earths atmosphere. Uses: Fertilizer, dyes, explosives Ex NH3 (Ammonia)

• Phosphorus: Match tips

• Arsenic: Rat Poison

Oxygen Family

Oxygen Family

• Shade all elements in this family Orange.

• 6 outer electrons

• Oxygen supports burning, is very reactive, combines with many other elements

• Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium: Brittle, combine easily with other elements

Halogen Family

Halogen Family

• Shade all elements in this family Pink

• Seven valence electrons.

• Most chemically reactive non-metals

• Never found free in nature

• Low melting and boiling point

• As gases they form diatomic elements ex. F2, Cl2

Noble Gas Family

Noble Gas Family

• Shade all elements in this family gray.

• Full valance shell, He 2 electrons Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn all have 8 electrons

• Inert, do not combine with other elements

• He- balloons, Ne- signs, Ar- fill in windows, Xe- photographic lamps, Rn- Treats cancer

Who has no family?

Hydrogen (no family)

• Shade this element no color.

• One valance electron

• Highly reactive

• Highly combustible

• Colorless odorless gas at room temperature

Who has no family?

Metalloids: Draw the step ladder & Shade the metalloids with stripes.

Non-metals mark the non-metals with dots.

Properties of a metal. • Physical

– Superior electric and thermal conductivity– High luster– High density– Malleable– Alkali and Alkaline earth metals are reactive,

low density, low hardness, low melting point

Properties of a metal.

• Chemical– Form positively charges ions– Oxidize easily– React with acid– Some react with water to form a base

Properties of a non-metal

• Chemical– Form negatively charged ions

• Physical– Brittle when solid– Most are solid and gas (Bromine is a liquid)– Not thermally or electrically conductive– Lower melting points and boiling points than

metals

Definition of a Metalloid

• An element which is like both a metal and a non-metal in terms of malleability, ductility, conductivity and luster

• Vertical lines______________________________

• Horizontal rows____________________________

• Elements on the zigzag______________________

• Elements on the top right____________________

• 1 valance electron reactive family______________

• 2 valance electron reactive family______________

• 3-12 families ______________________________

• Elements that form salts_____________________

• Elements that do not react___________________

• Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic table___________________________________

• Element that is all alone_____________________

Families total of 11

Periods total of 7

Metalloids

Non-Metals

Alkali Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

Transition Elements

Halogens

Nobel Gas or Inert Gases

Rare Earth elementsHydrogen

Read the Element

77

IrIridium

192.217

9

6

28183215

2

Example Element

1. Element: _______________2. Symbol: ________________3. Atomic mass: _____________4. Atomic number:______________5. Family: _____________________6. Period: ____________7. Number of total electrons: _________8. Number of valance electrons: _______

Iridium

Ir

192.271

77

Transition Element # 9

6

77

2