The Periodic Table & Periodic The Periodic Table & Periodic LawLaw

CHAPTER 5

The Periodic Table The Periodic Table ContinuedContinued

In 1872, Dmitri Mendeleev developed the first periodic table based on increasing atomic mass

Dmitri MendeleevDmitri Mendeleev

Periodic Table ContinuedPeriodic Table Continued Activity: Look at the periodic table. Is it still based on increasing atomic mass?

Te, I The modern periodic table is based on increasing atomic number

Periodic Table ContinuedPeriodic Table Continued€In 1913, Henry Moseley (British) arranged the table according to atomic number

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table

There are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids on the periodic table.

Are there the most metals, nonmetals, or metalloids???

Classify the following Classify the following elements as metals, elements as metals,

nonmetals, or metalloids:nonmetals, or metalloids:SiFNHCaKMnAs

What is the difference in What is the difference in properties between metals properties between metals

and nonmetals?and nonmetals?Take 5 min. and look in your book

and find as many comparisons between metals and nonmetals as you can.

Comparison of Metals & Comparison of Metals & NonmetalsNonmetalsProperties of Metals and Nonmetals

Metals Nonmetals

Bright metallic luster Non-lustrous, various colors

Solids are easily deformed (ductile & malleable)

Solids may be hard or soft, usually brittle

Good conductors of heat & electricity

Poor conductors of heat and electricity

Loosely held valence electrons

Tightly held valence electrons

Form positive ions Form negative ions

Like to lose electrons Like to gain electrons

The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table•The Modern Periodic Table is divided into:

•A. Periods: horizontal rows of elements

•There are 7 periods

Parts of the Periodic TableParts of the Periodic Table

• B. Vertical columns are called Groups or Families

• There are 18 groups• Groups are numbered in two ways:

•1-18•Or 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A

Groups/FamiliesGroups/Families

•Elements in the same groups share similar physical and chemical properties (super duper important)

ActivityActivityH, C, O, Al, Si, F, Cl, Na, Mg, Ca, Li, Ba, P, N

Based on what you have learned about the properties of elements, develop a way to classify the following elements:

Names of FamiliesNames of Families•Group 1: Alkali Metals•Very ReactiveINTRODUCTION TO PROPERTIES OF ALKALI ME

TALS (brianiac video clip)

Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals•Fairly reactive

Families ContinuedFamilies Continued•Group 7A: Halogens•Very reactive•Group 8A: Noble Gases•UNREACTIVE•Generally do not form compounds

Families ContinuedFamilies Continued• Lanthanides: Elements 57-71• Actinides: Elements 89-112• Most of these are rare• Many are synthetic (man-made)

• Many are radioactive

COOLEST SONG EVERCOOLEST SONG EVER

Mike Stanfill, Private Hand - Flash Animation - The Elements, by Tom Lehrer

IT’S COLORING TIME!!!IT’S COLORING TIME!!!

HANDOUT for coloring Periodic table

Navigating the periodic table

Family ties

ION = an atom that has lost or gained electrons

If it loses electrons it becomes POSITIVE

If it gains electrons it becomes negative.

What is an ion?What is an ion?

Build an atom smart board example

Why would an atom want to Why would an atom want to lose or gain electrons? lose or gain electrons?

To become more stable!Having a full energy level is more

stable than a partially filled one. Examples:

– K– N– Cl

How many electrons were lost or gained in the following ions? How many total electrons are in the atom now?

O-2

Cl-1

Na+1

Ca+2

Al+3

How do we know what the How do we know what the charge is going to be when charge is going to be when an atom becomes an ion?an atom becomes an ion?

The periodic table!!How many electrons do they all

need to lose to become more stable?

So, what is the charge for ALL elements in group 1 going to be?

+1