The Paris Agreement and CCS

Miranda A. SchreursProfessor of Environment and Climate

PolicyTechnical University of Munich

Main AchievementsAgreements on:

• Goal of keeping temperature increase below 2°C, and strive for 1.5°C

• Nationally determined contributions (NDCs) (annual reports on progress with international review)

• new NDCs after 5 years (with expectation theywill represent a progression beyond previousones)

• Increasing aid for developing countries to morethan US$100 billion per year

www.iiasa.ac.at/GenticsImageStore/800/auto/prop/web/home/resources/publications/options/Sustain.jpg

Nasa: http://d35brb9zkkbdsd.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/NASA2012-FINAL.png

Source: Global Carbon Project, 2013 datahttp://folk.uio.no/roberan/img/GCP2014/PNG/fig_36_Emissions_by_Country_300.png

IPCC, 5th Assessment Report

IPCC 5th Assessment Report

CCS Institute

Large-Scale CCS Facilities

U.S. Large-Scale CCS Facilities CO2 Mtpa

Texas: Terrell Natural Gas PP (1972) 0.4-0.5 Century (2010) 8.4Air Products Steam Methane Reformer (2013) 1Petra Nova CC (2017) 1.4Texas Clean Energy Project (2022) 1.5-2.0

Kansas: Coffeyville Gas (2013) 1Louisiana: Lake Charles Methanol (2022) 4.2Illinois: Illinois Industrial CCS (2017) 1Oklahoma: Enid (1982) 0.7 Wyoming: Shute Creek Gas Processing Plan (1986) 7

Canada Large-Scale CCS (Year) CO2 Mtpa

Saskatchewan:

Great Plains Synfuel Plant & Weyburn-Midale (2000) 3.0

Boundary Dam CCS (2014) 1.0

Alberta

Quest (2015) 1

Alberta Carbon Trunk Line with Agrium CO2 Stream (2019) 0.3-0.6

Alberta Carbon Trunk Line with North West SturgeonRefinery CO2 Stream (2019) 0.4

China Large-Scale CCS (Year) CO2 Mtpa

Jilin: CNPC Jilin Oil Field CO2 EOR (2018) 0.6Shandong:

Sinopec Qilu Petrochemical CCS (2019) 0.4Sinopec Chengli Power Plant CCS (2020s) 1.0

Shaanxi :Yanchang Integrated CCS Demonstration (2020) 0.41Shanxi International Energy Group CCUS (2020s) 2.0

Jiangsu: Sinopec Eastern China (2020-2021) 0.5Guangdong: China Resources Power (Haifeng) Integrated CCS

Demonstration (2020s) 1Tianjin:

Huaneng GreenGen IGCCC Project (Phase 3) (2020s) 2.0Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (2020s) 2.0

China CCS

• Facility in Jilin (run by PetroChina) has reached soragecapacity of 0.6 million tonnes of CO2 per annum. Itcaptures CO2 from a natural gas processing plant at theChangling gas field. Transported by pipeline to onshoreinjection sites.

• More than 20 projects in various stages. Two otherlarge-scale facilities: Sinopec Qillu PetrochemicalFacility in Zibo (Shangdong Province) and the YanchangCCS facility in Xi-an (Shaanxi Province) (About 400,000 tons CO2 each).

• Linked to carbon trading scheme

German CO2 Storage Law (2012)

• Permits research, pilots, and demostrations in limited quantities

• Limits quantities at individual facilities and in total which can be stored

• Works on decentralization principle. Länder have decision making authority regardingwhere storage facilities can be located.

Fed. Ministry for Economy

• In Germany, about 80 Million Tons of CO2 fromindustrial processes are being reduced with CCS

• Important for reducing CO2 emissions fromindustrial operations as well as related tonatural gas production

• References IEA projection that 14% of global CO2 emissions could be dealt with through CCS

Germany: Environmental Skepticism(UBA)

CCS could remove 65-80% CO2 emissions from the atmosphere. But this needs to befurther researched.

CCS is energy intensive. Stored CO2 could leak.

Fear of unexpected release into soil and acquifers

Required infrastructure on the surface could have negative impacts on flora and fauna

Shuts out other uses of underground storage areas.

Costly

The German approach is to focus on renewables and energy efficiency rather than CCS. Storage through CCS is seen as an end-of-pipe technology that involves depositing of„waste“.

It should, however, be researched for the case that some emission processes cannototherwiee be effectively addressed or if Germany will otherwise not achieve its climategoals.

Germany CO2 Plants (Small-scale)

• Wilhelmshaven CO2 Capture Pilot Plant. Commissioned in first half 2012 (70 tons CO2

per day).

• Ketzing Pilot Project, started 2004.

• Schwarze Pumpe Oxy-fuel Pilot Plant. Injected11,000 tons CO2. In May 2014 Vatenfall endedproject.